CN110369496B - 一种高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧预热方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
- B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
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- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧预热方法,所述高牌号无取向硅钢的化学成分按重量百分比计为:C≤0.010%,Si:2.0%~3.5%,Als:0~0.8%,Mn:0.10%~0.80%,P≤0.15%,S≤0.015%,N≤0.0050%,其余为Fe和不可避免的残余元素;在开卷机与轧机之间设钢带预热装置,钢带预装装置由保温罩、加热辊及辐射管燃烧装置组成,辐射管燃烧装置设置在加热辊内,加热辊外侧设保温罩;辐射管燃烧装置通过煤气燃烧对加热辊进行加热,再通过加热辊加热钢带。本发明通过热传导方式高效加热钢带,对高牌号无取向硅钢进行预热处理,达到降低冷轧钢带断带率,提高成材率,降低生产成本的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧技术领域,尤其涉及一种高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧预热方法。
背景技术
高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧具有铁损低,各向异性小,无磁时效、冲片性能好和高的填充系数等主要特点,主要用于容量较大的中、大型电机和发电机。
高牌号无取向硅钢为了在使用中获得更低的铁芯涡流损耗,需要在钢种加入更多磁性材料(Si、Al)来提高电阻率,而往往随着Si、Al含量的增加,轧件的塑性和硬度都会向着不利于冷轧的方向变化。在无取向硅钢中,当Si含量超过3.25%或Si+Al量超过4.0%时,钢的冷轧延伸性低,脆性增加,冷轧性变坏,轧制时容易发生断裂现象;而往往无取向高牌号硅钢的含Si+Al量均高于3%,所以轧制过程中,钢质脆、硬成为了该钢种的特性。
高牌号无取向硅钢生产工序繁杂,前面每道工序的执行精准度都对冷轧有着直接的影响,易出现冷轧脆断频率高的现象。如前道工序因来料和设备原因极易出现常化工艺不稳定的情况,造成钢带织构不均,变形抗力不均,从而影响轧制压力,最终造成厚度、板带张力等一系列的波动。这些不稳定因素极易给板带张力调整带来影响,造成钢带两侧张力过大而引起板带边部纵向延伸不均匀导致断带或缠辊。
所以,高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧过程中除要合理设定压下率和轧制张力之外,还要在考虑轧制温度对轧件塑性的影响情况下,保证钢带在较短的时间内有较大的温升,以提高轧件塑性使其更利于轧制。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧预热方法,通过煤气燃烧对加热辊提供热量,通过热传导方式高效加热钢带,对高牌号无取向硅钢进行预热处理,达到降低冷轧钢带断带率,提高成材率,降低生产成本的目的。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案实现:
一种高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧预热方法,所述高牌号无取向硅钢的化学成分按重量百分比计为:C≤0.010%,Si:2.0%~3.5%,Als:0~0.8%,Mn:0.10%~0.80%,P≤0.15%,S≤0.015%,N≤0.0050%,其余为Fe和不可避免的残余元素;所述冷轧时的环境温度为-15℃~20℃,冷轧过程中,轧制第一道次时对钢带通过热传导方式进行预热,保证冷轧断带率<2%;钢带厚度1.0~3.0mm;钢带宽度800~1200mm,钢带预热温度50~150℃;具体预热过程如下:
在开卷机与轧机之间设钢带预热装置,钢带预装装置由保温罩、加热辊及辐射管燃烧装置组成,辐射管燃烧装置设置在加热辊内,加热辊外侧设保温罩;辐射管燃烧装置通过煤气燃烧对加热辊进行加热,再通过加热辊加热钢带;辊煤气流量50~110m3/min;第一道次轧制速度30~120m/min;
钢带理论预热温度按如下公式确定:
式中:T钢:钢带温度,℃;
T环:环境温度,℃;
η:加热效率,30%~70%;
k:修正系数,k=0.4~0.8;
d:加热辊直径,mm;
A:钢带与加热辊包角,°;
J:煤气热值,J/Kg;
ρ煤:煤气密度,g/cm3;
N:煤气流量,m3/s;
ρ钢:钢带密度,g/cm3;
C:钢热容,J/(Kg·℃);
w:钢带宽度,mm;
h:钢带厚度,mm;
v:轧制速度,m/min;
所述加热辊为钢质或铜质的加热辊。
所述加热辊的直径为200~1000mm;加热辊与钢带之间的包角为60°~180°。
所述冷轧时加轧制液,轧制液进行预热处理。
所述冷轧时,在轧制高牌号无取向硅钢前,先轧制一卷普通钢板用于对轧机进行预热。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1)低温下采用传导换热方式代替常规的辅射换热方式对钢带进行预热,有效提高加热效;
2)采用在加热辊内部燃烧煤气的方式进行加热,热量损失低,燃料利用率高;
3)将火焰与钢带通过加热辊分隔,避免钢带直接与火焰接触而被氧化;
4)可通过调整煤气流量的方式控制加热辊温度,加热温度可控性强,调节方便;
5)采用较少数量的加热辊即可完成钢带预热,占用空间小。
具体实施方式
本发明所述一种高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧预热方法,所述高牌号无取向硅钢的化学成分按重量百分比计为:C≤0.010%,Si:2.0%~3.5%,Als:0~0.8%,Mn:0.10%~0.80%,P≤0.15%,S≤0.015%,N≤0.0050%,其余为Fe和不可避免的残余元素;所述冷轧时的环境温度为-15℃~20℃,冷轧过程中,轧制第一道次时对钢带通过热传导方式进行预热,保证冷轧断带率<2%;钢带厚度1.0~3.0mm;钢带宽度800~1200mm,钢带预热温度50~150℃;具体预热过程如下:
在开卷机与轧机之间设钢带预热装置,钢带预装装置由保温罩、加热辊及辐射管燃烧装置组成,辐射管燃烧装置设置在加热辊内,加热辊外侧设保温罩;辐射管燃烧装置通过煤气燃烧对加热辊进行加热,再通过加热辊加热钢带;煤气流量50~110m3/min;第一道次轧制速度30~120m/min;
钢带理论预热温度按如下公式确定:
式中:T钢:钢带温度,℃;
T环:环境温度,℃;
η:加热效率,30%~70%;
k:修正系数,k=0.4~0.8;
d:加热辊直径,mm;
A:钢带与加热辊包角,°;
J:煤气热值,J/Kg;
ρ煤:煤气密度,g/cm3;
N:煤气流量,m3/s;
ρ钢:钢带密度,g/cm3;
C:钢热容,J/(Kg·℃);
w:钢带宽度,mm;
h:钢带厚度,mm;
v:轧制速度,m/min;
所述加热辊为钢质或铜质的加热辊。
所述加热辊的直径为200~1000mm;加热辊与钢带之间的包角为60°~180°。
所述冷轧时加轧制液,轧制液进行预热处理。
所述冷轧时,在轧制高牌号无取向硅钢前,先轧制一卷普通钢板用于对轧机进行预热。
本发明中,高牌号无取向硅钢的工艺路线是:铁水脱硫-转炉冶炼-RH精炼-连铸-热轧-常化-酸洗-冷轧-连续炉退火-涂层-性能检验-包装;冷轧时采用二十辊森吉米尔轧机,并且对钢带经过预热处理,将钢带加热到韧脆转变温度以上。
目前,冷轧常规的钢带预热方法有以下几种:
1、水浴加热法;该方法是将钢卷整体放入热水中加热。其存在的主要问题是由于钢卷体积较大,整卷加热与水接触面积较小,水温只能控制在100度以下。所以该方法加热时间较长。另外因为采用热水加热,所以不能加热到较高温度,对脆转变温度接近100度的钢无能为力;
2、感应加热法;该方法是采用高频交流电源形成的涡流加热钢板,其存在的问题,首先是该方法需要较大电流,对电网要求较高;其次是由于高牌号硅钢硅钢含较高的硅,对抑制涡流作用较大,所以该方法加热效率较低;再次是该方法需要增加高频电源等设备,资金投入较高;此外,该方法还需要较大的空间存放设备。
3、火焰加热法;近年来有采用纯氧加煤气的明火加热方法,该方法存在的问题:一是火焰直接加热钢板,并且在纯氧的作用下易造成钢板氧化。二是煤气压力变化易造成火焰焰心变化影响加热效率。三是为了加大加热效率,该方法采用延钢带轧向分布较多的烧嘴,如果有断裂及换卷引带等操作,需要将烧嘴抬起,操作困难。四是需要较大的场地存放设备,已有轧机如果没有预留空间无法安装。
本发明采有传导换热方式代替辅射换热,能够提高加热效率,特别适用于北方冬季采用常规方法无法预热钢卷的情况。
以下实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。下述实施例中所用方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。
【实施例】
本实施例中,所述高牌号无取向硅钢的化学成分按重量百分比计为:C:0.003%,Si:2.82%,Mn:0.22%,P:0.014%,S:0.003%,Als:0.23%,N:0.0015%,其余为铁和不可避免的杂质元素。
高牌号无取向硅钢的生产过程包括下列工艺步骤:
a)冶炼及连铸:采用转炉冶炼,RH真空精炼处理,钢水成分按上述要求控制,铸成230mm厚板坯;
b)热轧板坯出炉温度1120℃,初轧至38mm后进入精轧机组轧制。精轧开轧温度980℃,终轧温度870℃,卷取温度650℃;
c)热轧板经940℃常化处理;
d)酸洗后冷轧至0.5mm;
其中冷轧过程采用森吉米尔型二十辊可逆轧机轧制;在冷轧机前设铜质加热辊,加热辊内设辐射管燃烧装置,通过燃烧煤气的方式进行加热,加热辊通过热传导方式加热钢带;冷轧过程的主要工艺参数如下表所示:
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧预热方法,所述高牌号无取向硅钢的化学成分按重量百分比计为:C≤0.010%,Si:2.0%~3.5%,Als:0~0.8%,Mn:0.10%~0.80%,P≤0.15%,S≤0.015%,N≤0.0050%,其余为Fe和不可避免的残余元素;其特征在于,所述冷轧时的环境温度为-15℃~20℃,冷轧过程中,轧制第一道次时对钢带通过热传导方式进行预热,保证冷轧断带率<2%;钢带厚度1.0~3.0mm;钢带宽度800~1200mm,钢带预热温度50~150℃;具体预热过程如下:
在开卷机与轧机之间设钢带预热装置,钢带预装装置由保温罩、加热辊及辐射管燃烧装置组成,辐射管燃烧装置设置在加热辊内,加热辊外侧设保温罩;辐射管燃烧装置通过煤气燃烧对加热辊进行加热,再通过加热辊加热钢带;煤气流量50~110m3/min;第一道次轧制速度30~120m/min;
钢带理论预热温度按如下公式确定:
式中:T钢:钢带温度,℃;
T环:环境温度,℃;
η:加热效率,30%~70%;
k:修正系数,k=0.4~0.8;
d:加热辊直径,mm;
A:钢带与加热辊包角,°;
J:煤气热值,J/Kg;
ρ煤:煤气密度,g/cm3;
N:煤气流量,m3/s;
ρ钢:钢带密度,g/cm3;
C:钢热容,J/(Kg·℃);
w:钢带宽度,mm;
h:钢带厚度,mm;
v:轧制速度,m/min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧预热方法,其特征在于,所述加热辊为钢质或铜质的加热辊。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧预热方法,其特征在于,所述加热辊的直径为200~1000mm;加热辊与钢带之间的包角为60°~180°。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧预热方法,其特征在于,所述冷轧时加轧制液,轧制液进行预热处理。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高牌号无取向硅钢冷轧预热方法,其特征在于,所述冷轧时,在轧制高牌号无取向硅钢前,先轧制一卷普通钢板用于对轧机进行预热。
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