CN110359915B - Waterproof single-layer lining structure suitable for four-level surrounding rock double-line track and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Waterproof single-layer lining structure suitable for four-level surrounding rock double-line track and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110359915B CN110359915B CN201910458534.1A CN201910458534A CN110359915B CN 110359915 B CN110359915 B CN 110359915B CN 201910458534 A CN201910458534 A CN 201910458534A CN 110359915 B CN110359915 B CN 110359915B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a waterproof single-layer lining structure suitable for a four-level surrounding rock double-line track, which comprises IV-level surrounding rocks subjected to smooth blasting treatment, an omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe and an anchor rod arranged on the IV-level surrounding rocks in a striking mode, wherein the anchor rod is vertical to the rock surface of the IV-level surrounding rocks; and the rock surface of the IV-level surrounding rock is sequentially washed, sprayed with a first layer of coarse fiber concrete and maintained, sprayed with mortar and maintained, sprayed with waterproof and maintained, sprayed with a second layer of fine fiber concrete and maintained. The waterproof single-layer lining structure suitable for the IV-grade surrounding rock double-line tunnel is uniform in stress, simple in construction process, short in construction period, low in carbon and environment-friendly, has a certain deformation resistance, reduces construction pollution, and is widely applied to the engineering of the IV-grade surrounding rock double-line tunnel lining structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a waterproof single-layer lining structure suitable for a four-level surrounding rock double-line track and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
At present, adopt combined type lining cutting structure in the subway country rock supporting engineering mostly, the structural style is: preliminary bracing (spray anchor) + waterproof layer (coiled material) + secondary lining (mould concrete), the support principle is: the primary support and the surrounding rock form a unified stress whole which is a main bearing structure, the secondary lining is used as safe storage, plain concrete is generally adopted, and reinforced concrete can be adopted under special working conditions. Although the composite lining is reasonable in the design of the bearing mechanism, the application still has a plurality of problems: firstly, secondary lining is applied after the deformation of surrounding rocks is basically stable, theoretically, the secondary lining does not bear load and only serves as safe storage, and the engineering economy needs to be improved; secondly, the composite lining is completed by multiple constructions of anchor-shotcrete support, composite waterproof boards, secondary mold concrete and the like, and the composite lining has multiple steps and long time and is not beneficial to the rapid construction of the tunnel. And the waterproof effect is difficult to ensure. Once the drainage system is blocked, the two liners are subject to water pressure, the structural safety is reduced, and leakage is easily caused. The leakage treatment difficulty is high, and the effect is poor; and fourthly, the maintenance of a leakage waterproof system (construction joints and the like) and a blocked ring longitudinal drainage system is difficult.
The single-layer lining is adopted, namely, on the premise of canceling an isolation layer, a layer of concrete with waterproof performance is sprayed immediately after a grotto is excavated, necessary supporting members such as anchor rods, steel arches and the like are arranged according to the grade of surrounding rocks, then a leveling layer is constructed and waterproof materials are sprayed according to the requirements of durability and flatness, and then one or more layers of concrete are sprayed to form a supporting system which has strong bonding force between layers and can fully transfer shearing force.
Therefore, a waterproof single-layer lining structure suitable for four-grade surrounding rock double-line tracks and a manufacturing method thereof are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a waterproof single-layer lining structure suitable for a four-level surrounding rock double-track and a manufacturing method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a waterproof single-layer lining structure suitable for a four-level surrounding rock double-line track comprises IV-level surrounding rocks subjected to smooth blasting treatment, wherein the IV-level surrounding rocks are subjected to top drilling, dangerous rock removal and advanced grouting in sequence; the device is characterized by further comprising an omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe, wherein the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe is fixed at the position, to be installed, of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe of the IV-level surrounding rock through a shooting nail with a small plastic gasket, and the shooting nails are arranged on two sides of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe in a staggered mode; the anchor rod is arranged on the IV-level surrounding rock in a striking mode, and the anchor rod is perpendicular to the rock surface of the IV-level surrounding rock; and the rock surface of the IV-level surrounding rock is sequentially washed, sprayed with a first layer of coarse fiber concrete and maintained, sprayed with mortar and maintained, sprayed with waterproof and maintained, sprayed with a second layer of fine fiber concrete and maintained.
Preferably, in smooth blasting, the residual eye mark rate is greater than or equal to 80%, the periphery of the cavern is molded to meet the design contour, the rock surface between two adjacent pre-fractured blasting holes is smooth, no obvious detonation cracks exist on the hole wall, the step or the maximum external inclination value between two adjacent pre-fractured blasting holes is less than 10cm, a crack penetrating continuity must be formed after pre-fractured blasting, and the width of the pre-fracture is greater than or equal to 0.5 cm.
Preferably, the width of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe is 50mm, the stripping strength is more than or equal to 10/N, the tensile strength of the outer cladding is more than or equal to 150/(N/5cm) longitudinally and transversely, the elongation of the outer cladding is 25-100%, the outer cladding is bent at low temperature to be less than or equal to-15 ℃, the deflection of the outer cladding is free from separation, damage, hard folding and fracture, the longitudinal distance of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe is 5m, and the density of a local water-rich part is increased.
Preferably, the anchor rod adopts an anti-corrosion hollow grouting anchor rod, the diameter of the anchor rod is 25mm, the wall thickness of the anchor rod is not less than 5mm, the protective layer of the anchor rod is at least 30mm, the anti-corrosion measure adopts zinc plating or epoxy, and the anchor rod is arranged in a quincunx manner.
Preferably, the anchor rod structure also comprises a grid mesh, wherein the grid mesh adopts HRB400 steel bars, the diameter of the grid mesh is 22mm, the protective layer of the grid mesh steel bars is at least 40mm, and the longitudinal and circumferential intervals of the protective layer are matched with the intervals of the anchor rods.
Preferably, in the advanced grouting, an advanced small guide pipe is adopted, the effective diffusion radius of a single hole of the advanced small guide pipe is 1.5m, the final hole spacing of the advanced small guide pipe is less than or equal to 2.0m, and the hole diameter of a drilled hole is 50 mm; grouting in the range of 3m outside the tunnel excavation contour line; the grouting pressure is hydrostatic pressure plus 0.5Mpa, the final grouting pressure is less than or equal to 2.5 times of the hydrostatic pressure, a water pressing experiment is carried out before grouting, and grouting parameters are corrected according to the hydrostatic pressure; the grouting material adopts superfine cement, and the proportion of C to S is 1: 0.6-1: 1.
preferably, the coarse fiber is polyolefin fiber, the length of the coarse fiber is 48mm, the equivalent diameter of the coarse fiber is 0.7mm, the density of the coarse fiber is 0.91g/cm3, the tensile strength of the coarse fiber is 500-600 MPa, and the Young modulus of the coarse fiber is 7 GPa; the spraying waterproof material is an EVA spraying waterproof material, the thickness is at least more than 2mm, the bonding strength with surrounding rock is more than 0.8MPa, the EVA spraying waterproof material is waterproof under the conditions that the water pressure is 0.5MPa and 72 hours, the flammability is E grade, and the crack bridging is A5 grade; the fine fiber is polypropylene fiber, the melting point is 163.6 ℃, the flammable temperature is 350 ℃, the spontaneous combustion temperature is over 400 ℃, the equivalent diameter is 40 mu m, the length is 6mm, the linear density is 273 tex, and the toughness is 0.22N/tex.
A manufacturing method of a waterproof single-layer lining structure suitable for a four-level surrounding rock double-line track comprises the following steps:
step S1: performing smooth blasting on the IV-grade surrounding rock; controlling the blasting strength according to 1.5 cm; shock insulation measures are taken, weak blasting is adopted to control the vibration speed, the distance between peripheral eyes is reduced, and the dosage is controlled;
step S2: after blasting and slag removal, performing top drilling operation, and cleaning top and side wall dangerous stones;
step S3: after dangerous stones are cleaned, advanced grouting is carried out to reinforce surrounding rocks;
step S4: after advanced grouting, paving the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe, fixing the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe at a position to be installed by using a shooting nail with a small plastic gasket, and arranging the shooting nail at the two sides of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe in a staggered manner; sealing the edge of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe by using mortar, smearing a thin layer of mortar on a plastic film to increase the adhesive force with the sprayed mortar, and spraying quick-setting mortar by using low wind pressure to seal the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe;
step S5: after the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe is laid, arranging an anticorrosive hollow grouting anchor rod, wherein the anchor rod needs to be vertical to a rock surface and needs to be vertical to a joint in the joint;
step S6: after the anchor rod is arranged, the sprayed surface is washed by high-pressure water before the concrete is sprayed; cleaning rock surfaces of the rock strata which are easy to deliquesce and argillization when meeting water by adopting high-pressure air;
step S7: after the rock surface is washed or cleaned, the steps of erecting a grid net, spraying a first layer of coarse fiber concrete and curing, spraying mortar and curing, spraying waterproof and curing, spraying a second layer of fine fiber concrete and curing are sequentially carried out.
Preferably, in step S7, the first layer of coarse fiber concrete and the second layer of fine fiber concrete are sprayed in a manner that: the spraying sequence is from bottom to top, firstly, the side wall and then the arch part; during the spraying operation, the continuous and uniform feeding is ensured, enough material storage is kept in the hopper when the machine operates normally, and the sprayed material flow is continuous and uniform; the spraying working wind pressure is 0.55-0.65 MPa; when spraying, the spray head is perpendicular to the sprayed surface, and the distance between the spray nozzle and the spraying surface is preferably kept between 1.5 and 2 m.
Preferably, in step S7, the spraying is performed by a dry rotor machine, and the spraying is driven by electricity or air; if the spray waterproofing is interrupted for more than 6 hours, the minimum overlap of 200mm is achieved in the existing spray waterproofing area, and the base surface is cleaned by high-pressure wind and water.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: (1) the invention relates to a waterproof single-layer lining structure suitable for IV-grade surrounding rock double-track tunnels, which cancels cast-in-place secondary lining, avoids work such as blanking of secondary lining reinforcing steel bars on site, binding of reinforcing steel bars, vertical die and the like, has simple construction process, short construction period, reduced construction pollution and low carbon and environmental protection; meanwhile, the single-layer lining structure formed by the technology is uniform in stress and has certain deformation resistance, and the method is widely applied to the engineering of the lining structure of the IV-grade surrounding rock double-track tunnel.
(2) The drainage half pipe adopted by the invention has strong stripping capability, good impermeability, low-temperature bending temperature and soft material, can be suitable for the condition that the site base surface is not smooth, has larger elongation rate and can be used under the condition that the surrounding rock is deformed.
(3) The anticorrosion hollow grouting anchor rod adopted by the invention adopts zinc plating or epoxy, and the zinc plating or the epoxy can be carried out in a factory, so that the construction is simple, and the construction quality is ensured. In addition, the durability of the material is ensured by adopting a double-line anticorrosion measure of a grouting measure, and the material can be used for hundred-year engineering.
(4) Compared with common three-limb or four-limb grid steel bars, the grid mesh adopted by the invention has smaller thickness, can meet the toughness of single-layer lining sprayed concrete, and plays a role in reducing vault settlement and ground surface settlement.
(5) The coarse fiber adopted by the invention has strong tensile strength and high elastic modulus, and the sprayed concrete doped with the fiber has good toughness, bending strength and bending strength participation. Meanwhile, the material is polyolefin, so that the material has better durability.
(6) The fine fiber adopted by the invention has strong tensile strength of coarse fiber and high elastic modulus, and the sprayed concrete doped with the fiber has good crack resistance. The fiber has low melting point, short length and large quantity, and can play a better fireproof function. Meanwhile, the material is polypropylene, so that the material has better durability.
(7) The sprayed fiber concrete improves the cohesiveness and stability of the concrete, improves the impermeability, freeze-thaw cycle resistance, sulfate resistance, carbonization resistance and other capabilities of the concrete, and plays a role in prolonging the service life and ensuring the durability in engineering.
(8) The sprayed coating is waterproof, the construction is simple, and the construction time is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the sprayed waterproof layer has good bonding performance with concrete, can ensure the common stress of two layers of concrete, reduces the total sprayed concrete thickness, reduces the engineering quantity and has good economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a surrounding rock structure according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a forepoling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a grid mesh configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a grid mesh deployment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, country rock, 2, coarse fibre concrete layer, 3, mortar layer, 4, waterproof layer, 5, thin fibre concrete layer, 6, building limit, 7, vertical stock, 8, horizontal stock, 9, grid net piece, 10, mirror foot stock, 11, bottom plate, 91, anchor backing plate, 92, horizontal reinforcing bar, 93, hoop reinforcing bar.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 5 of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 and 3, a waterproof single-layer lining structure suitable for a four-level surrounding rock double-line track is characterized in that smooth blasting is carried out on excavated IV-level surrounding rocks, roof drilling is carried out to remove dangerous rocks, advanced grouting is carried out, omega-shaped spring drainage half pipes are laid, anchor rods are arranged and divided into transverse anchor rods and longitudinal anchor rods, the rock surface is cleaned, a first layer of coarse fiber concrete is sprayed and maintained, mortar is sprayed and maintained, waterproof and maintenance are sprayed, and a second layer of fine fiber concrete is sprayed and maintained; namely, from the boundary of contact with the rock, the surrounding rock structure sequentially comprises a coarse fiber concrete layer 2, a mortar layer 3, a waterproof layer 4, a fine fiber concrete layer 5 and a building boundary 6.
In the smooth blasting, the residual eye mark rate is not less than 80%, and the molding of the periphery of the cavern is in accordance with the design contour; the rock surface between two adjacent holes is smooth, and the hole wall should not have obvious detonation cracks; the maximum outward inclination value of the step or the pre-cracked blast hole between two adjacent blast holes is less than 10 cm; after the pre-splitting blasting, a crack penetrating the continuity must be formed, and the width of the pre-crack is not less than 0.5 cm.
The width of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe is 50mm, the stripping strength is more than or equal to 10/N, the tensile strength of the outer cladding is more than or equal to 150/(N/5cm) longitudinally and transversely, the elongation of the outer cladding is 25-100%, the low-temperature bending of the outer cladding is less than or equal to-15 ℃, and the deflection does not break away, damage, hard folding and fracture. The longitudinal distance of the drainage half pipes is 5m, and the local water-rich part is properly encrypted.
The anchor rod is an anti-corrosion hollow grouting anchor rod, the diameter is 25mm, the wall thickness is not less than 5mm, at least 30mm of an anchor rod protective layer needs to be ensured, and the anti-corrosion measure is zinc plating or epoxy; the anchor rod is arranged in a quincunx mode, and the length and the distance of the anchor rod are determined through calculation according to actual conditions.
The advanced grouting adopts an advanced small conduit, the effective diffusion radius of a single hole is 1.5m, the distance between final holes is not more than 2.0m, and the hole diameter of a drilled hole is 50 mm; grouting in the range of 3m outside the tunnel excavation contour line; normal grouting pressure is hydrostatic pressure plus 0.5Mpa, the final grouting pressure is not more than 2.5 times of hydrostatic pressure, a water pressing experiment is carried out before grouting, and grouting parameters are corrected according to the hydrostatic pressure; the grouting material adopts superfine cement, and the proportion of C to S is 1: 0.6-1: 1 (volume ratio, the proportion should be dynamically adjusted according to the condition of slurry mixing at the water leakage point of the stratum during construction).
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the steel bar reinforced grid further comprises a grid mesh, 6 transverse steel bars and 22mm steel bars are arranged on the grid mesh, 6 circumferential steel bars and 22mm steel bars are arranged on the circumferential steel bars, and the circumferential distance and the longitudinal distance of the grid mesh steel bars are matched with the distance between the anchor rods.
The coarse fiber is polyolefin fiber, the fiber length is 48mm, the equivalent diameter is 0.7mm, the density is 0.91g/cm3, the tensile strength is 500-600 MPa, and the Young modulus is 7 GPa.
The spraying waterproof material is an EVA spraying waterproof material, the thickness is at least more than 2mm, the bonding strength with surrounding rock is more than 0.8MPa, the EVA spraying waterproof material is waterproof under the conditions that the water pressure is 0.5MPa and 72 hours, the flammability is E grade, and the crack bridging is A5 grade.
The fine fiber is polypropylene fiber, the melting point is 163.6 ℃, the flammable temperature is 350 ℃, the spontaneous combustion temperature is over 400 ℃, the equivalent diameter is 40 mu m, the length is 6mm, the linear density is 273 tex, and the toughness is 0.22N/tex.
The tunnel is in the shape of a straight wall double-line tunnel. The crack and the water leakage point of the tunnel are required to be provided with omega-shaped spring drainage half pipes which are connected with a transverse drainage pipe at the bottom of the tunnel. And a longitudinal and transverse drainage system is arranged below the tunnel bottom plate, and the intersection is connected by a four-way joint. The horizontal drainage blind pipes are all arranged at intervals of 10m, and the drainage gradient of the horizontal drainage blind pipes is 1%.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, a method for manufacturing a waterproof single-layer lining structure suitable for a four-level surrounding rock double-line track comprises the following steps:
(1) and performing smooth blasting on the IV-grade surrounding rock. Controlling the blasting strength, generally controlling the blasting strength according to 1.5cm, controlling the buildings sensitive to the blasting vibration speed according to the evaluation result after evaluation, and adopting mechanical excavation or static blasting if necessary; shock insulation measures are taken, and a weak blasting technology is adopted to control the vibration speed, reduce the distance between peripheral eyes as much as possible and control the dosage.
(2) After blasting and slag removal, roof finding operation is required, top and side wall dangerous stones are cleaned, and site safety is guaranteed;
(3) the advanced grouting mainly aims at reinforcing surrounding rocks, ensuring construction and operation safety, realizing effective control of discharge and reducing water resource loss. The drainage control standard of the hair hole meets the requirement of secondary waterproofing according to grouting;
(4) paving omega-shaped spring drainage half pipes, fixing the half pipes at positions to be installed by using shooting nails with small plastic gaskets, and arranging the shooting nails at the two sides of the half pipes in a staggered manner; sealing the edges of the half pipes with mortar and applying a thin layer of mortar on the plastic film to increase the adhesion with the sprayed mortar; sealing the half pipe by spraying quick setting mortar with low wind pressure; spraying a first layer of fiber concrete to a designed thickness;
(5) arranging an anti-corrosion hollow grouting anchor rod, wherein the anchor rod needs to be vertical to a rock surface and needs to be vertical to a joint in the joint treatment;
(6) washing the sprayed surface with high-pressure water before spraying the concrete; and (4) cleaning the rock surface by using high-pressure air for the rock stratum which is easy to deliquesce and argillization when meeting water.
(7) Spraying concrete, wherein the spraying sequence is from bottom to top, namely, the side wall is firstly sprayed and then the arch part is sprayed; during the spraying operation, the continuous and uniform feeding is ensured, enough material storage is kept in the hopper when the machine operates normally, and the sprayed material flow is continuous and uniform; the spraying working wind pressure is 0.55-0.65 MPa; when spraying, the spray head is perpendicular to the sprayed surface, and the distance between the spray nozzle and the spraying surface is preferably kept between 1.5 and 2 m.
(8) And (4) spraying and waterproofing by using a dry rotor machine. Electrically or pneumatically driven, preferably electrically powered spraying devices with a more easily controlled rotor speed may be used. If the spray waterproofing is interrupted for more than 6 hours, a minimum of 200mm should overlap in the existing spray-waterproofed area and the base surface is cleaned with high pressure air and water.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "counterclockwise", "clockwise", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting.
Claims (1)
1. A waterproof single-layer lining structure suitable for a four-level surrounding rock double-line track is characterized by comprising an IV-level surrounding rock subjected to smooth blasting treatment, wherein the IV-level surrounding rock is subjected to top drilling, dangerous rock removal and advanced grouting in sequence; the device is characterized by further comprising an omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe, wherein the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe is fixed at the position, to be installed, of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe of the IV-level surrounding rock through a shooting nail with a small plastic gasket, and the shooting nails are arranged on two sides of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe in a staggered mode; the anchor rod is arranged on the IV-level surrounding rock in a striking mode, and the anchor rod is perpendicular to the rock surface of the IV-level surrounding rock; the rock surface of the IV-level surrounding rock is sequentially washed, sprayed with a first layer of coarse fiber concrete and maintained, sprayed with mortar and maintained, sprayed with waterproof and maintained, sprayed with a second layer of fine fiber concrete and maintained;
in smooth blasting, the residual eye mark rate is greater than or equal to 80%, the periphery of the cavern is molded to meet the design contour, the rock surface between two adjacent pre-splitting blasting holes is smooth, no obvious detonation cracks exist on the hole wall, the step or the maximum external inclination value between two adjacent pre-splitting blasting holes is less than 10cm, a crack penetrating continuity must be formed after pre-splitting blasting, and the width of the pre-crack is greater than or equal to 0.5 cm;
the width of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe is 50mm, the stripping strength is more than or equal to 10/N, the tensile strength of the outer cladding is more than or equal to 150/(N/5cm) longitudinally and transversely, the elongation of the outer cladding is 25-100%, the low-temperature bending of the outer cladding is less than or equal to-15 ℃, the deflection of the outer cladding is free from disengagement, damage, hard bending and fracture, the longitudinal distance of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe is 5m, and the density of a local water-rich part is increased;
the anchor rod is an anti-corrosion hollow grouting anchor rod, the diameter of the anchor rod is 25mm, the wall thickness of the anchor rod is not less than 5mm, the protective layer of the anchor rod is at least 30mm, the anti-corrosion measure is zinc plating or epoxy, and the anchor rod is arranged in a quincunx manner;
the anchor rod protective layer is at least 40mm, and the longitudinal and circumferential spacing of the anchor rod protective layer is matched with the spacing of the anchor rods;
in the advanced grouting, an advanced small guide pipe is adopted, the effective diffusion radius of a single hole of the advanced small guide pipe is 1.5m, the spacing of the final holes of the advanced small guide pipe is less than or equal to 2.0m, and the hole diameter of a drilled hole is 50 mm; grouting in the range of 3m outside the tunnel excavation contour line; the grouting pressure is hydrostatic pressure plus 0.5Mpa, the final grouting pressure is less than or equal to 2.5 times of the hydrostatic pressure, a water pressing experiment is carried out before grouting, and grouting parameters are corrected according to the hydrostatic pressure; the grouting material adopts superfine cement, and the proportion of C to S is 1: 0.6-1: 1;
the coarse fiber is polyolefin fiber, the length is 48mm, the equivalent diameter is 0.7mm, the density is 0.91g/cm3, the tensile strength is 500-600 MPa, and the Young modulus is 7 GPa; the spraying waterproof material is an EVA spraying waterproof material, the thickness is at least more than 2mm, the bonding strength with surrounding rock is more than 0.8MPa, the EVA spraying waterproof material is waterproof under the conditions that the water pressure is 0.5MPa and 72 hours, the flammability is E grade, and the crack bridging is A5 grade; the fine fiber is polypropylene fiber, the melting point is 163.6 ℃, the flammable temperature is 350 ℃, the spontaneous combustion temperature is over 400 ℃, the equivalent diameter is 40 mu m, the length is 6mm, the linear density is 273 tex, and the toughness is 0.22N/tex;
performing smooth blasting on the IV-grade surrounding rock; controlling the blasting strength according to 1.5 cm; shock insulation measures are taken, weak blasting is adopted to control the vibration speed, the distance between peripheral eyes is reduced, and the dosage is controlled;
after blasting and slag removal, performing top drilling operation, and cleaning top and side wall dangerous stones;
after dangerous stones are cleaned, advanced grouting is carried out to reinforce surrounding rocks;
after advanced grouting, paving the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe, fixing the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe at a position to be installed by using a shooting nail with a small plastic gasket, and arranging the shooting nail at the two sides of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe in a staggered manner; sealing the edge of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe by using mortar, smearing a thin layer of mortar on a plastic film to increase the adhesive force with the sprayed mortar, and spraying quick-setting mortar by using low wind pressure to seal the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe;
after the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe is laid, arranging an anticorrosive hollow grouting anchor rod, wherein the anchor rod needs to be vertical to a rock surface and needs to be vertical to a joint in the joint;
after the anchor rod is arranged, the sprayed surface is washed by high-pressure water before the concrete is sprayed; cleaning rock surfaces of the rock strata which are easy to deliquesce and argillization when meeting water by adopting high-pressure air; after the rock surface is washed or cleaned, sequentially carrying out grid steel frame installation, spraying a first layer of coarse fiber concrete and curing, spraying mortar and curing, spraying waterproof and curing, spraying a second layer of fine fiber concrete and curing; the modes of spraying the first layer of coarse fiber concrete and spraying the second layer of fine fiber concrete are as follows: the spraying sequence is from bottom to top, firstly, the side wall and then the arch part; during the spraying operation, the continuous and uniform feeding is ensured, enough material storage is kept in the hopper when the machine operates normally, and the sprayed material flow is continuous and uniform; the spraying working wind pressure is 0.55-0.65 MPa; when in spraying, the spray head is vertical to the sprayed surface, and the distance between the spray nozzle and the spraying surface is kept between 1.5 and 2 m; the dry rotor machine is adopted for spraying and waterproofing, and is driven by electricity or air; if the spray waterproofing is interrupted for more than 6 hours, the minimum overlap of 200mm is achieved in the existing spray waterproofing area, and the base surface is cleaned by high-pressure wind and water.
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| CN110617084B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-10-08 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Method for reinforcing tunnel by spraying steel fiber concrete on tunnel net |
| CN111255464B (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2022-02-18 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | Shallow-buried underground excavation construction method for power tunnel in pebble stratum |
| CN112554887A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-26 | 中国铁建投资集团有限公司 | Construction method of waterproof single-layer lining and waterproof single-layer lining structure |
| CN112431615A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-02 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Permanent single-layer lining drainage method for underground tank room of hyperboloid dome |
| CN113340169B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-09-06 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Joint fissure surrounding rock smooth blasting method |
| CN114278307A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-04-05 | 台州市市政公用工程质量安全事务中心 | Tunnel construction method capable of reducing seismic damage |
| CN115949425B (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2023-11-10 | 中铁西南科学研究院有限公司 | Lining structure suitable for stratum rich in fractured hydraulic rock and construction method thereof |
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| CN204609908U (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-09-02 | 武汉大学 | A kind of pressure water work tunnel concrete anticracking liner structure |
| CN106894830B (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2019-10-18 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of double curvature arch supporting construction and construction method for underground engineering |
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