CN110359008A - 一种渗碳与qpq处理的复合工艺及其应用 - Google Patents

一种渗碳与qpq处理的复合工艺及其应用 Download PDF

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CN110359008A
CN110359008A CN201910806109.7A CN201910806109A CN110359008A CN 110359008 A CN110359008 A CN 110359008A CN 201910806109 A CN201910806109 A CN 201910806109A CN 110359008 A CN110359008 A CN 110359008A
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Prior art keywords
carburizing
processing
qpq
combination process
workpiece
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杨维庆
杨维顺
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Anhui Juli Petroleum Drilling Equipment Technology Co Ltd
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Anhui Juli Petroleum Drilling Equipment Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/52—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/54—Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/56—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
    • C23C8/64—Carburising
    • C23C8/66—Carburising of ferrous surfaces

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种渗碳与QPQ处理的复合工艺及其应用，属于凡尔体热处理技术领域。其工艺步骤包括：a.选用低碳合金钢加工成的工件；b.将步骤a中工件投入渗碳炉中进行深度渗碳处理，温度采用920‑940℃，催渗剂采用4‑7%的BaCO3；c.淬火，确保淬火后工件的芯部硬度为HRC34‑40，表面硬度为HRC59‑62，渗碳深度为2.2‑2.5mm；d.进行180℃两次回火；e.进行QPQ盐浴复合技术处理；将该复合工艺应用于石油、天然气钻采用的凡尔体、凡尔座产品上；本发明解决了现有凡尔体在使用过程中出现强度不足、渗层不均匀、易碎裂、不能用于酸化压裂等技术问题。

Description

一种渗碳与QPQ处理的复合工艺及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于低碳合金钢凡尔体热处理技术领域，具体涉及一种渗碳与QPQ处理的复合工艺及其应用。
背景技术
在石油、天然气钻采设备中，压裂车液力端凡尔体在使用过程中容易出现碎裂、强度不足、容易被压裂液腐蚀等问题。这是由于传统的凡尔体在热处理工艺中采用常规的渗碳处理，但是处理后的工件内部应力无法完全释放，仍然不能满足凡尔体工作需要芯部硬度，而且凡尔体工作环境恶劣，容易被腐蚀，且在工作中需要往复运动与凡尔体座会不断撞击磨损。
凡尔体一般采用低碳合金钢，在常规的渗碳工艺后，常出现硬度过高，淬火层深度大，表面易碎裂，反之硬度过低，则芯部强度不足，在实际操作中始终无法使三者平衡。为了解决这一问题，也有采用更换凡尔体原材料，如使用镍基合金、高铬合金等，但是生产成本会大幅增加。而且常规的渗碳处理后，工件在磨加工时产生回火及裂纹，是因为渗碳层经磨削加工后表面引起软化的现象，一般需要采用淬火后经充分回火或多次回火来消除内应力，但是这种方法难以做到，且成本高。
传统的低碳合金钢渗碳处理后表面需进行发黑或镀膜处理来防腐蚀，但这种表面防腐时间短，不能满足凡尔体工作需求。
发明内容
针对现有技术中缺陷与不足的问题，本发明提出了一种渗碳与QPQ处理的复合工艺及其应用，解决了现有凡尔体在使用过程中出现强度不足、易碎裂、不能用于酸化压裂等技术问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案为：
一种渗碳与QPQ处理的复合工艺，包括如下步骤：
a.选用低碳合金钢加工成的工件；
b.将步骤a中工件投入渗碳炉中进行深度渗碳处理，温度采用920-940℃，催渗剂采用BaCO3；
c.淬火，确保淬火后工件的芯部硬度为HRC34-40，表面硬度为HRC59-62，渗碳深度为2.2-2.5mm；
d.进行180℃两次回火；
e.进行QPQ盐浴复合技术处理。
进一步的，所述步骤d中经QPQ处理后工件的芯部硬度为HRC30-36，表面硬度为HRC57-59，渗碳深度为2.2-2.5mm。
进一步的，所述步骤b中催渗剂含量为4-7%。
进一步的，所述步骤b中渗碳处理不能急剧加热，严格控制炉温均匀。
进一步的，所述步骤b中若渗碳时钢的晶粒粗大，则在渗碳前正火或渗碳后两次回火处理来细化晶粒。
一种渗碳与QPQ处理的复合工艺的应用，所述复合工艺应用于石油、天然气钻采用的凡尔体、凡尔体座产品上。
本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明采用QPQ处理可以提高工件的耐磨性和抗腐蚀性，增加工件的韧性；前期渗碳淬火需要确保一定的硬度值，是防止硬度过高会造成产品易碎裂，硬度过低则则强度不足，是因为在后期QPQ处理后，其芯部和表面的硬度都会降低。本发明采用渗碳配合QPQ技术，应用于凡尔体、凡尔体座上，保证了凡尔体的芯部硬度，增加了基体韧性和强度，相对于通过更换凡尔体材料解决问题的成本低，而且不会出现磨加工时产生回火及裂纹的问题，相比传统采用淬火后必须经过充分回火或多次回火处理成本低的多。本发明解决了常规热处理可能产生的缺陷和不足，有效保证产品强度和韧性，延长了产品的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。
实施例一：
一种渗碳与QPQ处理的复合工艺，包括如下步骤：
a.选用低碳合金钢加工成的凡尔体工件，其凡尔体工件应用于石油钻采中的压裂车液力端。
b.将步骤a中工件投入渗碳炉中进行深度渗碳处理，温度采用930℃，采用固体渗碳时渗碳剂要新、旧配比使用，催渗剂采用BaCO3，其用量为5%；渗碳处理中不能急剧加热，严格控制炉温均匀，可以防止产品出现碳浓度过高或过低，若渗碳时钢的晶粒粗大，碳浓度过高，工件表面出现块状粗大的碳化物或网状碳化物。由于这种硬脆组织产生，使渗碳层的韧性急剧下降。并且淬火时形成高碳马氏体，在磨削时容易出现磨削裂纹。产品最理想的碳浓度为0.9-1.0%之间，若低于0.8%C，工件则容易磨损。若渗碳时钢的晶粒粗大，则在渗碳前正火或渗碳后两次回火处理来细化晶粒。
c.淬火，确保淬火后工件的芯部硬度为HRC35，表面硬度为HRC61，渗碳深度为2.5mm。
d.进行180℃两次回火。
e.进行QPQ盐浴复合技术处理，经QPQ处理后的凡尔体的芯部硬度为HRC31，表面硬度为HRC58，渗碳深度为2.5mm。
本发明通过采用深度渗碳工艺与QPQ技术复合处理，保证了产品在表面硬度满足的情况下，其芯部也有足够的强度。解决了现有凡尔体在使用过程中出现强度不足、易碎裂、易腐蚀等技术问题。
凡尔体经常规的渗碳工艺与本发明复合工艺在试验中的情况如下表：
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。

Claims (6)

1.一种渗碳与QPQ处理的复合工艺，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
a.选用低碳合金钢加工成的工件；
b.将步骤a中工件投入渗碳炉中进行深度渗碳处理，温度采用920-940℃，催渗剂采用BaCO3；
c.淬火，确保淬火后工件的芯部硬度为HRC34-40，表面硬度为HRC59-62，渗碳深度为2.2-2.5mm；
d.进行180℃两次回火；
e.进行QPQ盐浴复合技术处理。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种渗碳与QPQ处理的复合工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤d中经QPQ处理后工件的芯部硬度为HRC30-36，表面硬度为HRC57-59，渗碳深度为2.2-2.5mm。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种渗碳与QPQ处理的复合工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤b中催渗剂含量为4-7%。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种渗碳与QPQ处理的复合工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤b中渗碳处理不能急剧加热，严格控制炉温均匀。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种渗碳与QPQ处理的复合工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤b中若渗碳时钢的晶粒粗大，则在渗碳前正火或渗碳后两次回火处理来细化晶粒。
6.如权利要求1～5任一所述的一种渗碳与QPQ处理的复合工艺的应用，其特征在于：将所述复合工艺应用于石油、天然气钻采用的凡尔体、凡尔体座产品上。
CN201910806109.7A 2019-08-29 2019-08-29 一种渗碳与qpq处理的复合工艺及其应用 Pending CN110359008A (zh)

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CN103962486A (zh) * 2013-01-24 2014-08-06 卢清华 一种超高压凡尔体的整体锻造工艺方法
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Application publication date: 20191022