CN110346655A - A kind of the polarization parameter measuring device and method of antenna - Google Patents

A kind of the polarization parameter measuring device and method of antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110346655A
CN110346655A CN201910629051.3A CN201910629051A CN110346655A CN 110346655 A CN110346655 A CN 110346655A CN 201910629051 A CN201910629051 A CN 201910629051A CN 110346655 A CN110346655 A CN 110346655A
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antenna
spectrum analyzer
channel
polarization
vertical
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CN110346655B (en
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王玉峰
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Jiaxing Connaught Addie Communication Technology Co Ltd
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Jiaxing Connaught Addie Communication Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
    • G01R23/16—Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R25/00—Arrangements for measuring phase angle between a voltage and a current or between voltages or currents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

This application discloses a kind of antenna polarization parameter measuring apparatus, including two antennas, two IQ vector modulators, switching network, spectrum analyzer and controller.The controller further comprises switch unit, the first adjustment unit, second adjustment unit, third adjustment unit and computing unit.Above-mentioned antenna polarization parameter measuring apparatus is using vertical checkout channel as benchmark, by the amplitude ratio in horizontal checkout channel and vertical checkout channelAnd the phase difference in horizontal checkout channel and vertical checkout channelFor calculating the polarization parameter of antenna to be measured.Disclosed herein as well is corresponding antenna polarization measurement method of parameters.The application is not necessarily to predict the polarization information of antenna to be measured, and the complete polarization parameters such as polarization type, polarization tilt angle, the axis ratio of antenna to be measured can be directly given by test.

Description

A kind of the polarization parameter measuring device and method of antenna
Technical field
This application involves a kind of far field of antenna (far field) measuring technologies, more particularly to one kind for measuring day The device and method of polarization characteristic when line or aerial array are used as transmitting antenna.
Background technique
The polarization characteristic of antenna common are linear polarization (linear polarization) and circular polarisation (circular polarization).Wherein, linear polarization according to polarized direction be divided into again vertical polarization (vertical polarization), Horizontal polarization (horizontal polarization), inclined polarization (slant polarization)；Circular polarisation is according to rotation direction It is different and have left-hand circular polarization (left-hand circular polarization), right-handed circular polarization (right-hand circular polarization)。
The linear polarized antenna of Project Realization is difficult to realize absolute vertical polarization, horizontal polarization.For example, vertical polarized antenna It is bound to cause the polarization of synthesis to be rendered as a degree of inclined polarization there are some horizontal polarized components, or even oval It polarizes (elliptical polarization).The circular polarized antenna of Project Realization also be difficult to realize standard left-hand circular polarization, Right-handed circular polarization must be an elliptic polarization, and the direction of elliptical long axis is possible to perpendicular, horizontal or inclination State.
The antenna of Project Realization is usually as two kinds of purposes of reception and transmitting.It, usually will be to when far field test system is tested Observation line is measured as receiving antenna.It, can be using transmitting antenna as reception day due to the principle of reciprocity in Principle of Antenna Line test, and the index test knot as transmitting antenna such as antenna parameter such as gain, directional diagram, polarization characteristic that test is obtained Fruit.
When currently employed remote field testing method measures the polarization parameter of linear polarized antenna, polarization purity is usually measured (polarization purity), also referred to as polarization isolation (polarization isolation).It is higher using polarization purity Linear polarized antenna as beacon antenna (beacon antenna), first set beacon antenna to and the consistent pole of antenna to be measured Change mode emits, and tests using antenna to be measured as receiving antenna.Beacon antenna or antenna to be measured are rotated by 90 ° again, make to Observation line and the orthogonal thereto polarization of beacon antenna, will antenna to be measured tested as receiving antenna.Finally assess antenna to be measured Characteristic for desired linear polarization.
When currently employed remote field testing method measures the polarization parameter of circular polarized antenna, polarization purity is generallyd use Higher linear polarized antenna is as beacon antenna.First method be by by beacon antenna be mounted on can continuous rotation turntable On, make beacon antenna in 360 ° of linear polarization rotation transmitting, antenna to be measured is subjected to test as receiving antenna and is obtained to observation The circular polarisation directional diagram of line, this method may only usually obtain the axis ratio (axial ratio) of antenna to be measured and axis suppose to Figure.Second method be beacon antenna is in a horizontal state, plumbness transmitting (i.e. cross polarization transmitting), antenna to be measured is made It is tested for receiving antenna, and measures amplitude, the phase of horizontality respectively by vector receiver (vector receiver) Amplitude, the phase pattern of position directional diagram and plumbness, are calculated the polarization of antenna to be measured by way of polarity combination Parameter, if axis ratio, polarization tilt angle (polarization angle, also referred to as polarizing angle), axis are than directional diagram, cross polarization (cross The polarization parameters such as polarization).Second method needs to carry out data acquisition by vector receiver, usually considers to take into account Receive and dispatch synchronous test request, and use costly vector network analyzer (vector network analyzer, VNA), this makes testing cost very high.
The method of the polarization parameter of currently employed remote field testing method measurement antenna has as a drawback that.
First, needing to understand in advance antenna to be measured is linear polarization or circular polarisation, then take different testing schemes.It is practical The antenna of application is probably due to coupling or emitting the influence of equipment and polarization type is made to change, thus it is for example possible to hang down Straight polarization becomes inclined polarization, circular polarisation becomes linear polarization etc., so the polarization information of antenna to be measured can not be predicted accurately, this will Seriously affect the accuracy of testing efficiency and test.
Second, antenna to be measured is as receiving antenna, it itself can be with the polarization characteristic tested for element antenna Its polarization characteristic as transmitting antenna when can be represented.But there is the device of tolerance power inside actually many transmitting antennas Part, the performance that these devices show in the case where tolerance power can be with reception state difference.Therefore, reception state Test can not characterize the performance of emission state completely.
Third, when transmitting antenna is as transmitting antenna, the parameters such as harmonic wave that transmitting equipment itself is taken out of, spuious It will affect the electromagnetic characteristics that aerial radiation comes out.These parameters are not the parameter of antenna itself, but are antennas as hair A part of system is penetrated in use, its radiation characteristic for necessarily showing.It is by antenna conduct for this radiation characteristic What receiving antenna was unable to test out when testing.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the application is to provide a kind of polarization parameter measuring devices of antenna emission state, are not necessarily to The polarization information of antenna to be measured is predicted, the polarization performance of transmitting antenna can be tested in the case where tolerance power, it is contemplated that transmitting Influence of the situations such as harmonic wave of machine and coupling to the polarization parameter of transmitting antenna.For this purpose, the application also provides a kind of antenna hair Penetrate the polarization measurement method of state.
In order to solve the above technical problems, this application provides a kind of antenna polarization parameter measuring apparatus, including two antennas, Two IQ vector modulators, switching network, spectrum analyzer and controller.Described two antennas be respectively vertical polarized antenna, Horizontally-polarized antenna, a pair of orthogonal linear polarized antenna that the two is constituted is as receiving antenna；Using antenna to be measured as transmitting antenna A complete emission system is constituted after connecting with other transmitting equipment.Described two IQ vector modulators are separately connected two days The output end of line；Each IQ vector modulator exports it to realize by the orthogonal I value and Q value that a pair of control voltage is formed Radiofrequency signal amplitude and phase continuous modulation.The antenna one and its IQ vector modulator one of connection are known as testing logical Road one；The antenna two and its IQ vector modulator two of connection are known as TCH test channel two；Pass through two IQ vector modulators pair Two TCH test channels are calibrated, so that two TCH test channels amplitude and phase having the same under identical test frequency Value；Described two TCH test channels include vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel.The switching network connects two IQ simultaneously The output end of vector modulator, for tool there are three state, state one is that only connecting test channel one, state two are only connecting test Channel two, state three are connecting test channel one and TCH test channel two simultaneously.The spectrum analyzer connection switch network it is defeated Outlet.The controller further comprises switch unit, the first adjustment unit, second adjustment unit, third adjustment unit and meter Calculate unit.The switch unit is used to switch the state of switching network, so that spectrum analyzer is connected only to vertical checkout first logical Then road is connected only to horizontal checkout channel, is last while being connected to vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel.Described first Adjustment unit is used to when spectrum analyzer is connected only to vertical checkout channel, sets the parameter of spectrum analyzer to and signal Source matching records reading P3 by spectrum analyzer at this time.The second adjustment unit is used to be connected only to water in spectrum analyzer When flat TCH test channel, the parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, reading P4 is recorded by spectrum analyzer at this time； The second adjustment unit also by adjusting the output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel, makes P3 and P4 phase Deng；The output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel is Py/Px at this time, and wherein Px indicates vertical polarized antenna Power is received, Py indicates the reception power of horizontally-polarized antenna.The third adjustment unit is used to connect simultaneously in spectrum analyzer When being connected to vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel, the parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, at this time by Spectrum analyzer record reading P5；The third adjustment unit also keeps the output of the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel Amplitude is constant, and the output phase track for adjusting the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel rotates 360 ° along unit circle, adopts Collect the reading of the spectrum analyzer in whole process；The reading maximum value P5max of spectrum analyzer is obtained during from this, and is obtained Take IQ vector modulator in horizontal TCH test channel corresponding output phase at that timeFor horizontally-polarized antenna and The phase difference of vertical polarized antenna, whereinThe respectively phase of vertical polarized antenna and horizontally-polarized antenna.The meter Calculate unit be used to according to Py/Px andObtain polarization type, the polarization tilt angle, axis ratio of transmitting antenna.
Above-mentioned antenna polarization parameter measuring apparatus is embodiment one provided by the present application, is using vertical checkout channel as base Standard, by the amplitude ratio Py/Px and horizontal checkout channel in horizontal checkout channel and vertical checkout channel and vertical checkout channel Phase differenceFor calculating the polarization parameter of antenna to be measured.
Further, the controller be changed to further comprise switch unit, the 4th adjustment unit, the 5th adjustment unit, 6th adjustment unit and computing unit.The switch unit is used to switch the state of switching network, makes spectrum analyzer first only It is connected to horizontal checkout channel and then is connected only to vertical checkout channel, last while being connected to horizontal checkout channel and vertically TCH test channel.4th adjustment unit is used to when spectrum analyzer is connected only to horizontal checkout channel, by spectrum analyzer Parameter be set as matching with signal source, at this time by spectrum analyzer record reading P3'.5th adjustment unit is used in frequency When spectrum analysis instrument is connected only to vertical checkout channel, the parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, at this time by frequency Spectrum analysis instrument record reading P4'；5th adjustment unit is also by adjusting the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel Output amplitude keeps P3' and P4' equal；The output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel is Px/Py at this time, Middle Px indicates that the reception power of vertical polarized antenna, Py indicate the reception power of horizontally-polarized antenna.6th adjustment unit For spectrum analyzer simultaneously be connected to vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel when, by the parameter setting of spectrum analyzer To match with signal source, reading P5 is recorded by spectrum analyzer at this time；6th adjustment unit also keeps vertical checkout channel In IQ vector modulator output amplitude it is constant, adjust vertical checkout channel in IQ vector modulator output phase track 360 ° are rotated along unit circle, acquires the reading of the spectrum analyzer in whole process；Spectrum analyzer is obtained during from this Reading maximum value P5max, and obtain the corresponding output phase at that time of the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channelFor the phase difference of vertical polarized antenna and horizontally-polarized antenna, whereinRespectively vertical polarization day The phase of line and horizontally-polarized antenna.The computing unit be used to according to Px/Py andThe polarization type of acquisition transmitting antenna, Polarization tilt angle, axis ratio.
Above-mentioned antenna polarization parameter measuring apparatus is embodiment two provided by the present application, is using horizontal checkout channel as base Standard, by the amplitude ratio Px/Py and vertical checkout channel in vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel Phase differenceFor calculating the polarization parameter of antenna to be measured.
The principle of two embodiments of the above antenna polarization parameter measuring apparatus is identical, can arbitrarily select one of them reality It applies.
Further, it is described to two TCH test channels carry out calibration be using correction antenna as transmitting antenna；Pass through tune The I value of two IQ vector modulators is placed in 1, Q value and is placed in 0 by whole a pair of control voltage；First switching network is switched to only Vertical checkout channel is connected, by correction tested rotating platform to vertical polarization, is set the parameter of spectrum analyzer to and signal source Match, reads the reading P1 of spectrum analyzer；Switching network is switched to only connection horizontal checkout channel again, tested rotating platform will be corrected To horizontal polarization, the parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, reads the reading P2 of spectrum analyzer；Pass through tune The output amplitude of IQ vector modulator in whole vertical checkout channel adjusts the reading of the spectrum analyzer of two TCH test channels It is consistent；Switching network is switched to again while being connected vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel, extremely by correction tested rotating platform Oblique 45 ° of polarization, the parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, keeps the IQ Vector Modulation in vertical checkout channel The amplitude of device output is constant, only adjusts the phase of the IQ vector modulator output in vertical checkout channel, changes Phase Continuation 360 °, the full-scale reading value in the continuous result of spectrum analyzer is recorded, and obtain the IQ vector in vertical checkout channel at this time As I, Q value after frequency point calibration, this is just completed under the frequency point to two TCH test channels a pair of of I, Q value of modulator Calibration；By the operating frequency value of synchronous change signal source and spectrum analyzer, repeats the above process and different frequent points can be completed Under calibration to two TCH test channels.This is the first implementation calibrated to two TCH test channels.
Further, it is described to two TCH test channels carry out calibration be using correction antenna as transmitting antenna；Pass through tune The I value of two IQ vector modulators is placed in 1, Q value and is placed in 0 by whole a pair of control voltage；First switching network is switched to only Horizontal checkout channel is connected, by correction tested rotating platform to horizontal polarization, is set the parameter of spectrum analyzer to and signal source Match, reads the reading P1' of spectrum analyzer；Switching network is switched to only connection vertical checkout channel again, antenna tune will be corrected It is whole to vertical polarization, the parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, reads the reading P2' of spectrum analyzer；It is logical The output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in adjustment horizontal checkout channel is crossed by the reading of the spectrum analyzer of two TCH test channels It is adjusted to consistent；Switching network is switched to again while being connected vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel, antenna tune will be corrected Whole to oblique 45 ° of polarization, the parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, keeps the IQ vector in horizontal checkout channel The amplitude of modulator output is constant, only adjusts the phase of the IQ vector modulator output in horizontal checkout channel, makes Phase Continuation 360 ° of variation records full-scale reading value in the continuous result of spectrum analyzer, and obtains the IQ arrow in horizontal checkout channel at this time I, Q value of modulator are measured as I, Q value after frequency point calibration, this is just completed under the frequency point to the school of two TCH test channels It is quasi-；By the operating frequency value of synchronous change signal source and spectrum analyzer, repeating the above process be can be completed under different frequent points Calibration to two TCH test channels.This is second of the implementation calibrated to two TCH test channels.
Present invention also provides a kind of antenna polarization measurement method of parameters, include the following steps: step S302: will be to observation Line as transmitting antenna with other transmitting equipment connect after constitute a complete emission system, by a vertical polarized antenna with A pair of orthogonal linear polarized antenna that one horizontally-polarized antenna is constituted is as receiving antenna.Step S304: switch switching network State makes spectrum analyzer be connected only to vertical checkout channel, and the parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, this When by spectrum analyzer record reading P3.Step S306: switch the state of switching network, spectrum analyzer is made to be connected only to level The parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source by TCH test channel, records reading P4 by spectrum analyzer at this time；Pass through The output amplitude for adjusting the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel, keeps P3 and P4 equal；At this time in horizontal checkout channel The output amplitude of IQ vector modulator is Py/Px, and wherein Px indicates that the reception power of vertical polarized antenna, Py indicate horizontal polarization The reception power of antenna.Step S308: switching the state of switching network, makes spectrum analyzer while being connected to vertical checkout channel With horizontal checkout channel, the parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, is recorded read by spectrum analyzer at this time P5.Step S310: keeping the output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel constant, adjusts in horizontal checkout channel The output phase track of IQ vector modulator rotate 360 ° along unit circle, acquire the spectrum analyzer in whole process The maximum value P5max of reading, and obtain the corresponding output phase at that time of the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channelFor the phase difference of horizontally-polarized antenna and vertical polarized antenna, whereinRespectively vertical polarized antenna With the phase of horizontally-polarized antenna.Step S312: according to Py/Px andObtain the polarization type of transmitting antenna, polarization tilt angle, Axis ratio.By the operating frequency value of synchronous change signal source and spectrum analyzer, repeats step S302 to step S312 and complete not With the measurement under frequency point to antenna polarization parameter.
Above-mentioned antenna polarization measurement method of parameters is embodiment one provided by the present application, is using vertical checkout channel as base Standard, by the amplitude ratio Py/Px and horizontal checkout channel in horizontal checkout channel and vertical checkout channel and vertical checkout channel Phase differenceFor calculating the polarization parameter of antenna to be measured.
Further, in the step S312, whenWhen for 0 or π, judge transmitting antenna for linear polarization；WhenFor ± When pi/2, judge transmitting antenna for circular polarisation；WhenWhen not being 0 or π or ± pi/2, judge transmitting antenna for elliptic polarization.This is According toCome determine antenna to be measured polarization type a kind of preferred implementation.
Further, in the step S312, the calculation formula of the polarization tilt angle of transmitting antenna is as follows,
WhereinThis be according to Py/Px andCome calculate antenna to be measured polarization tilt angle one kind it is excellent The implementation of choosing.
Further, in the step S312, the calculation formula of the axis ratio of transmitting antenna is as follows,
WhereinThis be according to Py/Px andIt is preferred come one kind for calculating the axis ratio of antenna to be measured Implementation.
Present invention also provides a kind of antenna polarization measurement method of parameters, include the following steps: step S902: will be to observation Line as transmitting antenna with other transmitting equipment connect after constitute a complete emission system, by a vertical polarized antenna with A pair of orthogonal linear polarized antenna that one horizontally-polarized antenna is constituted is as receiving antenna.Step S904: switch switching network State makes spectrum analyzer be connected only to horizontal checkout channel, and the parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, this When by spectrum analyzer record reading P3'.Step S906: switching the state of switching network, and spectrum analyzer is made to be connected only to hang down The parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source by straight TCH test channel, records reading P4' by spectrum analyzer at this time； By adjusting the output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel, keep P3' and P4' equal；Vertical checkout at this time is logical The output amplitude of IQ vector modulator in road is Px/Py, and wherein Px indicates that the reception power of vertical polarized antenna, Py indicate water The reception power of flat poliarizing antenna.Step S908: switching the state of switching network, makes spectrum analyzer while being connected to vertical survey It pings and horizontal checkout channel, the parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, is remembered at this time by spectrum analyzer Record reading P5.Step S910: keeping the output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel constant, adjusts vertical checkout The output phase track of IQ vector modulator in channel rotates 360 ° along unit circle, acquires the frequency spectrum point in whole process The maximum value P5max of the reading of analyzer, and obtain the corresponding output phase at that time of the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channelFor the phase difference of vertical polarized antenna and horizontally-polarized antenna, whereinRespectively vertical polarization day The phase of line and horizontally-polarized antenna.Step S912: according to Px/Py andObtain the polarization type of transmitting antenna, polarization is inclined Angle, axis ratio.By the operating frequency value of synchronous change signal source and spectrum analyzer, step S902 to step S912 completion is repeated To the measurement of antenna polarization parameter under different frequent points.
Above-mentioned antenna polarization measurement method of parameters is embodiment two provided by the present application, is using horizontal checkout channel as base Standard, by the amplitude ratio Px/Py and vertical checkout channel in vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel Phase differenceFor calculating the polarization parameter of antenna to be measured.
The principle of two embodiments of the above antenna polarization measurement method of parameters is identical, can arbitrarily select one of them reality It applies.
The technical effect that the application obtains includes following aspects.
First, by remote field testing method, using the higher quadrature linear polarization antenna of polarization purity as receiving antenna Mode can pass through survey without predicting the polarization information of antenna to be measured to measure the polarization parameter of transmitting antenna (antenna to be measured) Examination directly gives the complete polarization parameters such as polarization type, polarization tilt angle, the axis ratio of antenna to be measured, naturally it is also possible to pass through test Obtain other far field parameters such as antenna gain, antenna pattern etc..
Second, can be in the case where transmitting antenna accesses device (such as power amplifier) of tolerance power, to transmitting day The test of line (antenna to be measured) progress antenna polarization parameter.
Third, the work feelings of transmitting antenna can be tested in the case where transmitting antenna (antenna to be measured) accesses emission system Condition, this just considers the factors such as the harmonic wave of the transmitting equipment in emission system and coupling to the pole of the radiated electromagnetic wave of transmitting antenna Change the influence of parameter.
Fourth, without vector network analyzer costly, it is only necessary to scalar detection instrument such as spectrum analyzer (spectrum analyzer) can carry out the test of antenna polarization parameter.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the polarization parameter measuring device of antenna provided by the present application.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of IQ vector modulator.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the embodiment one of the polarization parameter measurement method of antenna provided by the present application.
Fig. 4 is that the electromagnetic wave of aerial radiation in far-field region is approximately the schematic diagram of plane wave.
Fig. 5 is the total electric field geometric locus schematic diagram of line polarization wave.
Fig. 6 is the total electric field geometric locus schematic diagram of circularly polarised wave.
Fig. 7 is the total electric field geometric locus schematic diagram of elliptically polarised wave.
Fig. 8 is the coordinate relation schematic diagram for calculating polarization tilt angle.
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of the embodiment two of the polarization parameter measurement method of antenna provided by the present application.
Description of symbols in figure: 10 be antenna polarization parameter measuring apparatus；102 be antenna one；104 be antenna two；106 For IQ vector modulator one；108 be IQ vector modulator two；110 be switching network；112 be spectrum analyzer；150 be control Device.
Specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the antenna polarization parameter measuring apparatus 10 of the application includes antenna 1, antenna 2 104, IQ arrow Measure modulator 1, IQ vector modulator 2 108, switching network 110, spectrum analyzer 112 and controller 150.
The antenna 1, antenna 2 104 are vertical polarized antenna, horizontally-polarized antenna respectively；Alternatively, the pole of the two Change type to exchange.A complete emission system is constituted after antenna to be measured is connect as transmitting antenna with other transmitting equipment, Antenna to be measured is for externally emitting signal source output signal.A pair of orthogonal linear polarization that antenna 1 and antenna 2 104 are constituted Antenna is as receiving antenna.
The IQ vector modulator 1, IQ vector modulator 2 108 are separately connected antenna 1, antenna 2 104 Output end.Referring to Fig. 2, each IQ vector modulator is realized pair by orthogonal I value and Q value that a pair of control voltage is formed The amplitude A and phase of its radiofrequency signal exportedContinuous modulation.It is specific and Speech, a pair of control voltage form I value and Q value by voltage-controlled attenuator, 90 ° of electric bridges.I value and Q value are one group of quadrature components, can Any amplitude and phase are exported to control IQ vector modulator.
The antenna 1 and its IQ vector modulator 1 of connection are known as TCH test channel one.The antenna 2 104 And its IQ vector modulator 2 108 of connection is known as TCH test channel two.For example, TCH test channel one is vertical checkout channel, test Channel two is horizontal checkout channel；Alternatively, the two becomes opposite.Pass through two IQ vector modulators, 106,108 pairs of two tests Channel is calibrated, so that two TCH test channels amplitude and phase value having the same under identical test frequency.
It is described that two TCH test channels are calibrated for example, by using such as under type.Using the higher linear polarization day of polarization purity Line is used to externally emit signal source output signal as correction antenna, correction antenna as transmitting antenna.By adjusting a pair The I value of two IQ vector modulators is placed in 1 (normalization) by control voltage, Q value is placed in 0, i.e., so that the two output is penetrated Amplitude maximization, the phase zero of frequency signal.Switching network 110 is first switched to only connection vertical checkout channel, day will be corrected Line is adjusted to vertical polarization, and the parameter of spectrum analyzer 112 is set as matching with signal source, reads spectrum analyzer 112 Read P1.Switching network 110 is switched to only connection horizontal checkout channel again, it, will frequency by correction tested rotating platform to horizontal polarization The parameter of spectrum analysis instrument 112 is set as matching with signal source, reads the reading P2 of spectrum analyzer 112.It is surveyed by adjusting vertical The reading of the spectrum analyzer of two TCH test channels is adjusted to consistent by the output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in pinging.Again Switching network 110 is switched to while being connected vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel, by correction tested rotating platform to oblique 45 ° of pole Change, the parameter of spectrum analyzer 112 is set as matching with signal source, keeps the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel defeated Amplitude out is constant, only adjusts the phase of the IQ vector modulator output in vertical checkout channel, Phase Continuation is made to change 360 °, The full-scale reading value in the continuous result of spectrum analyzer 112 is recorded, and obtains the IQ vector tune in vertical checkout channel at this time I, Q value of device processed.Newest acquisition is set by I, Q value of the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel after frequency point calibration I, Q value, this just completes the calibration under the frequency point to two TCH test channels.Pass through synchronous change signal source and spectrum analyzer 112 operating frequency value repeats the above process the calibration that can be completed under different frequent points to two TCH test channels.
The parameter by spectrum analyzer 112, which is set as matching with signal source, to be referred to: spectrum analyzer 112 is received frequency Rate range is set as the tranmitting frequency range of covering signal source, and the reception signal bandwidth of spectrum analyzer 112 is set as covering The transmitted signal bandwidth of signal source.
It is described that two TCH test channels are carried out calibrating to can also be used first to be switched to switching network 110 only to connect horizontal checkout The parameter of spectrum analyzer 112 is set as matching with signal source by channel by correction tested rotating platform to horizontal polarization, reads frequency The reading P1' of spectrum analysis instrument 112.Switching network 110 is switched to only connection vertical checkout channel again, extremely by correction tested rotating platform The parameter of spectrum analyzer 112 is set as matching with signal source by vertical polarization, reads the reading P2' of spectrum analyzer 112. By adjusting the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel output amplitude by the reading of the spectrum analyzer of two TCH test channels Number is adjusted to consistent.Switching network 110 is switched to again while being connected vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel, day will be corrected Line is adjusted to oblique 45 ° and is polarized, and the parameter of spectrum analyzer 112 is set as matching with signal source, is kept in horizontal checkout channel IQ vector modulator output amplitude it is constant, only adjust horizontal checkout channel in IQ vector modulator output phase, make Phase Continuation changes 360 °, records the full-scale reading value in the continuous result of spectrum analyzer 112, and obtain horizontal checkout at this time I, Q value of IQ vector modulator in channel.By I, the Q of the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel after frequency point calibration Value is set as I, Q value of newest acquisition, this just completes the calibration under the frequency point to two TCH test channels.Believed by synchronous change The operating frequency value in number source and spectrum analyzer 112, repeating the above process can be completed under different frequent points to two TCH test channels Calibration.
The switching network 110 connects the output end of IQ vector modulator 1, IQ vector modulator 2 108 simultaneously.Institute The tool of switching network 110 is stated there are three state, state one is that only connecting test channel one, state two are only connecting test channel two, State three is connecting test channel one and TCH test channel two (the combining states in two channels) simultaneously.Wherein, TCH test channel one and survey Ping two has essentially identical amplitude and phase value after calibration, and the combining in two channels is the same phase of constant amplitude.
The output end of the 112 connection switch network 110 of spectrum analyzer, for reading received power value.
The controller 150 is according to the instruction of host computer (not shown) to a pair of two IQ vector modulators 106,108 Control voltage is adjusted control, also switches over to the state of switching network 110, also to signal source and spectrum analyzer 112 Frequency, bandwidth parameter etc. be adjusted control.
Referring to Fig. 3, the embodiment one of the antenna polarization measurement method of parameters of the application includes the following steps.
Step S302: a complete transmitting is constituted after antenna to be measured is connect as transmitting antenna with other transmitting equipment System, antenna to be measured is for externally emitting signal source output signal；By a vertical polarized antenna and a horizontal polarization day A pair of orthogonal linear polarized antenna that line is constituted is as receiving antenna.
Step S304: switching the state of switching network, and spectrum analyzer is made to be connected to vertical checkout channel, by spectrum analysis The parameter of instrument is set as matching with signal source, records reading P3 by spectrum analyzer at this time.
Step S306: switching the state of switching network, and spectrum analyzer is made to be connected to horizontal checkout channel, by spectrum analysis Frequency, bandwidth parameter of instrument etc. be disposed as it is consistent with signal source, at this time by spectrum analyzer record reading P4.By adjusting water The output amplitude of IQ vector modulator in flat TCH test channel, keeps P3 and P4 equal.IQ vector in horizontal checkout channel at this time The output amplitude of modulator is Py/Px, and wherein Px indicates that the reception power of vertical polarized antenna, Py indicate horizontally-polarized antenna Receive power.
Step S308: switching the state of switching network, makes spectrum analyzer while being connected to vertical checkout channel and level The parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source by TCH test channel, records reading P5 by spectrum analyzer at this time.
Step S310: keeping the output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel constant, adjusts horizontal checkout The output phase track of IQ vector modulator in channel rotates 360 ° along unit circle, acquires the frequency spectrum point in whole process The reading of analyzer.The reading maximum value P5max of spectrum analyzer is obtained during from this, and obtains the IQ in horizontal checkout channel Vector modulator corresponding output phase at that timeFor the phase difference of horizontally-polarized antenna and vertical polarized antenna, Wherein The respectively phase of vertical polarized antenna and horizontally-polarized antenna.
When connecting horizontal checkout channel and vertical checkout channel at the same time, only receiving antenna and transmitting antenna is (to observation Line) polarization parameter it is identical when, received power is just maximum.Receiving antenna horizontal component has been determined in step S306 and has hung down The power ratio (i.e. square of amplitude ratio) of straight component, this step determines its phase difference.By adjusting horizontal checkout channel Phase, when the reading maximum of spectrum analyzer, that is, when receiving antenna is identical as transmitting antenna polarization parameter, and vector tune The output phase of device processed at that timeIt is just the phase difference of receiving antenna horizontal component and vertical component.
Step S312: according to Py/Px andObtain the polarization such as polarization type, polarization tilt angle, the axis ratio of transmitting antenna ginseng Number.
WhenWhen for 0 or π, judge transmitting antenna for linear polarization.WhenWhen for ± pi/2, judge transmitting antenna for entelechy Change.WhenWhen not being 0 or π or ± pi/2, judge transmitting antenna for elliptic polarization.
The calculation formula of the polarization tilt angle of transmitting antenna is as follows, wherein
The calculation formula of the axis ratio of transmitting antenna is as follows, wherein
By the operating frequency value of synchronous change signal source and spectrum analyzer 112, step S302 is repeated to step S312 The measurement under different frequent points to antenna polarization parameter can be completed.
With the embodiment one of antenna polarization measurement method of parameters shown in Fig. 3 correspondingly, the antenna polarization of the application is joined The embodiment one of number measuring device has refined controller 150 on the basis of Fig. 1.The controller 150 further comprises switching Unit, the first adjustment unit, second adjustment unit, third adjustment unit and computing unit.
The switch unit is used to switch the state of switching network, so that spectrum analyzer is connected only to vertical checkout first logical Then road is connected only to horizontal checkout channel, is last while being connected to vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel.
The first adjustment unit is used to when spectrum analyzer is connected only to vertical checkout channel, by spectrum analyzer Parameter is set as matching with signal source, records reading P3 by spectrum analyzer at this time.
The second adjustment unit is used to when spectrum analyzer is connected only to horizontal checkout channel, by spectrum analyzer Parameter is set as matching with signal source, records reading P4 by spectrum analyzer at this time.The second adjustment unit also by adjusting The output amplitude of IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel, keeps P3 and P4 equal.IQ arrow in horizontal checkout channel at this time The output amplitude for measuring modulator is Py/Px, and wherein Px indicates that the reception power of vertical polarized antenna, Py indicate horizontally-polarized antenna Reception power.
The third adjustment unit is used to be connected to vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel simultaneously in spectrum analyzer When, the parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, reading P5 is recorded by spectrum analyzer at this time.The third tune Whole unit also keeps the output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel constant, adjusts the IQ in horizontal checkout channel The output phase track of vector modulator rotates 360 ° along unit circle, acquires the reading of the spectrum analyzer in whole process Number.The reading maximum value P5max of spectrum analyzer is obtained during from this, and obtains the IQ Vector Modulation in horizontal checkout channel Device corresponding output phase at that timeFor the phase difference of horizontally-polarized antenna and vertical polarized antenna, whereinThe respectively phase of vertical polarized antenna and horizontally-polarized antenna.
The computing unit be used to according to Py/Px andObtain polarization type, polarization tilt angle, the axis ratio etc. of transmitting antenna Polarization parameter.
Referring to Fig. 4, the electromagnetic wave of aerial radiation is spherical wave, but certain point for the center of circle, far field distance r is on antenna On one spherical surface of radius, a fritter area (dash area in figure) for antenna maximum pointing direction nearby sphere is taken, it is small herein Electromagnetic wave on block area can be approximately plane wave.
Under spherical coordinate system, Antenna Far Field area radiated electric field is generally by EθAnd EφIt indicates, the position of θ and φ in spherical coordinate system It sets and can be found in Fig. 4.
Alternatively, Antenna Far Field area radiated electric field can also be indicated with the plane wave propagated along the z-axis direction, i.e. ExAnd Ey, synthesis Electric field is as shown in formula one.Wherein,WithFor unit vector,WithRespectively electric field component ExAnd EyPhase, E0xWith E0yRespectively electric field component ExAnd EyAmplitude.
Wherein, β is phase constant, and unit is radian/rice (rad/m), indicates the phase change of wave propagation unit distance.z Indicate the displacement of direction of wave travel, unit is rice (m).β × z representation space phase, unit are radian (rad).
By one both sides of formula with multiplied by time factor e-jωtAnd its real part is taken, obtain expression of the instantaneous total electric field at z=0 Formula is as shown in formula two.
The component of instantaneous total electric field at this time is as shown in formula three.
IfAs electric field component ExAnd EyPhase difference, then formula three can turn to formula four.
Further, if only measuring polarization parameter, amplitude information can further be normalized, eliminates t containing ω in formula four Item, formula five can be obtained.Formula five is two electric field component ExAnd EyPhase difference.It discusses below according to formula five in position z= The track that the orientation of total electric field vector changes over time at 0.
By above formula it is found thatThis is indicated with the amplitude in vertical checkout channel for 1, then water The amplitude of flat TCH test channel is dA.Then indicate the phase difference in horizontal checkout channel Yu vertical checkout channel.
In the step S312 why basisJudge that transmitting antenna is linear polarization for 0 or π, is due to linear polarization Antenna has the property that.
IfFor 0 or π, formula four and formula five can formulator six and formula seven.
By formula six and formula seven as it can be seen that working as electric field component ExAnd EyWhen phase is identical or phase difference of pi phase, total electric field Show as line polarization wave.Total electric field strength is as shown in formula eight.
Total electric field and the angle τ of x-axis are as shown in formula nine.
By formula eight and formula nine as it can be seen that the size of total electric field changes over time, but the angle of its track and x-axis is always Remain constant (constant).The total electric field track of line polarization wave is as shown in Figure 5.
In the step S312 why basisJudge that transmitting antenna is due to circular polarisation for circular polarisation for ± pi/2 Antenna has the property that.
IfFor ± pi/2, and E0x=E0yWhen, formula four and formula five respectively can formulator ten and formula 11.
By formula ten and formula 11 as it can be seen that working as electric field component ExAnd EyAmplitude is equal, phase phase difference ± pi/2 when, synthesis Electric field shows as circularly polarised wave.Total electric field strength is as shown in formula 12.
Total electric field and the angle τ of x-axis are as shown in formula 13.
By formula 13 it is found that τ=m ω t.
By formula 12 and formula 13 it is found that the size of total electric field does not change over, but direction changes over time, The extremity track of total electric field is rotated on a circle with angular velocity omega.The total electric field track of circularly polarised wave is as shown in Figure 6.
Referring to Fig. 6, angular velocity omega be it is directive, such as " ± " number in formula 13.Refer to four and rotated with the direction ω, The direction of propagation of thumb beacon, if meeting right-hand rule, what is propagated is right-handed circular polarization wave, otherwise is left-handed entelechy Change wave.WhenWhen for-pi/2, the vertical paper in the direction of propagation is outside, is right-handed circular polarization wave, as shown in Figure 6.WhenFor pi/2 When, it is left-hand circular polarization wave.
In the step S312 why basisIt is not that 0 or π or ± pi/2, for elliptic polarization, are to judge transmitting antenna Since elliptic polarized antenna has the property that.
In general, electric field component ExAnd EyAmplitude and phase it is all unequal, thus constitute elliptically polarised wave, express The visible formula four of formula and formula five.The equation of formula five is a general elliptic equation, and the extremity track of total electric field is at any time Between variation track be ellipse, as shown in Figure 7.
Fig. 7 is also referred to as polarization ellipse, and a and b in figure are respectively the short axle and long axis of polarization ellipse.WhenWhen, spoke Penetrate Right-hand elliptical polarization wave；WhenWhen, radiate left-hand elliptically polarized wave.
Rotation direction about elliptically polarised wave can also judge that electric field is always toward stagnant according to electric field in the variation characteristic in space Direction change afterwards, with electric field component E in formula fourxAnd EyExpression formula for, EyComponent and ExThe phase difference of componentWhenWhen, EyComponent lags behind ExComponent, then track of polarizing, in rotating counterclockwise, radiate dextrorotation entelechy relative to the direction of propagation Change wave；WhenWhen, EyComponent is ahead of ExComponent, then track of polarizing, in rotating clockwise, are radiated relative to the direction of propagation Left-hand circular polarization wave.
By the above polar theory it is found thatWithRespectively electric field component ExAnd EyPhase, E0xAnd E0yRespectively electric field Component ExAnd EyAmplitude.As long as this 4 amounts are it is known that arbitrary elliptic polarization can be formed.
The embodiment one of the polarization parameter test method of the application is in step S306 by adjusting in horizontal checkout channel IQ vector modulator output amplitude, in step s310 by adjusting the defeated of the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel Phase out can freely generate instantaneous total electric field component ExAnd EyAmplitude Ration E0y/E0xAnd phase differenceIt therefore can be with Generate arbitrary polarization type.
The polarization tilt angle that transmitting antenna why can be calculated in the step S312 is based on following analysis.
The polarization tilt angle of elliptically polarised wave is defined as: the angle between the long axis of polarization ellipse and the x-axis for being parallel to plane, It is indicated with σ, referring to Fig. 8.By in Fig. 7 x-y coordinate system rotate angle σ so that long axis a is in x-axis, short axle b on the y axis, it is ellipse Inclination angle σ=0 ° of circularly polarised wave.New coordinate system x'-y' is established at this time, the relationship such as formula ten with old x-y coordinate system Shown in four, the schematic diagram of coordinate system x'-y' is as shown in Figure 8.
Total electric field component E in old x-y coordinate systemx(t) and Ey(t) E' can be used in new coordinate system shown in Fig. 8x (t) and E'y(t) it respectively indicates, as shown in the formula 15.
Formula 15 is substituted into formula five, and by E'x 2(t)、E'x(t)E'y(t) and E'y 2(t) three propose respectively, can obtain Formula 16.
If the long axis of the polarization ellipse of elliptically polarised wave is overlapped with new coordinate x' and y' respectively with short axle, formula 16 is answered For the standard ellipse equation expression formula, i.e. E'x(t)E'y(t) coefficient of item should be 0, then has formula 17.
Solution formula 17 can obtain formula 18 and formula 19.
Formula 19 shows the relationship between elliptic polarization inclination angle and line polarization wave vector.Known two quadrature linear polarizations arrow The amplitude and phase difference of amount, can calculate the inclination angle of its polarization ellipse.Linear polarization does not say the concept of polarization tilt angle usually.Pure circle Polarization is because be the circle of a standard, and there is no the concepts of polarization tilt angle
The axis ratio that transmitting antenna why can be calculated in the step S312 is based on following analysis.
Referring to Fig. 7, the ratio between long axis b and short axle a of polarization ellipse are known as axis ratio, it is denoted as AR.By formula 16 it is found that working as E'x(t)E'y(t) when the coefficient of item is 0, it can be rewritten as formula 20.
Formula 20 can be expressed as standard ellipse equation form, as shown in formula 21.
Assume that the long axis b of polarization ellipse is overlapped with x', short axle a is overlapped with y' in formula 21.
According to formula 20 and formula 21, it can be derived by the expression formula of axis ratio r, as shown in formula 22.
The value range of axis ratio r is 1≤r≤∞, and commonly using decibel in engineering indicates, as shown in formula 23.
AR=20lgr (formula 23)
It is circular polarisation as AR=1 (0dB), is linear polarization when AR=∞.
Referring to Fig. 9, the embodiment two of the antenna polarization measurement method of parameters of the application includes the following steps.
Step S902: a complete transmitting is constituted after antenna to be measured is connect as transmitting antenna with other transmitting equipment System, antenna to be measured is for externally emitting signal source output signal；By a vertical polarized antenna and a horizontal polarization day A pair of orthogonal linear polarized antenna that line is constituted is as receiving antenna.
Step S904: switching the state of switching network, and spectrum analyzer is made to be connected to horizontal checkout channel, by spectrum analysis The parameter of instrument is set as matching with signal source, records reading P3' by spectrum analyzer at this time.
Step S906: switching the state of switching network, and spectrum analyzer is made to be connected to vertical checkout channel, by spectrum analysis The parameter of instrument is set as matching with signal source, records reading P4' by spectrum analyzer at this time.By adjusting in vertical checkout channel IQ vector modulator output amplitude, keep P3' and P4' equal.The IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel is defeated at this time Amplitude is Px/Py out, and wherein Px indicates that the reception power of vertical polarized antenna, Py indicate the reception power of horizontally-polarized antenna.
Step S908: switching the state of switching network, makes spectrum analyzer while being connected to vertical checkout channel and level The parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source by TCH test channel, records reading P5 by spectrum analyzer at this time.
Step S910: keeping the output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel constant, adjusts vertical checkout The output phase track of IQ vector modulator in channel rotates 360 ° along unit circle, acquires the spectrum analysis in whole process The reading of instrument.The reading maximum value P5max of spectrum analyzer is obtained during from this, and obtains the arrow of the IQ in vertical checkout channel Measure modulator corresponding output phase at that timeFor the phase difference of vertical polarized antenna and horizontally-polarized antenna, Wherein The respectively phase of vertical polarized antenna and horizontally-polarized antenna.
Step S912: according to Px/Py andObtain the polarization such as polarization type, polarization tilt angle, the axis ratio of transmitting antenna ginseng Number.
WhenWhen for 0 or π, judge transmitting antenna for linear polarization.WhenWhen for ± pi/2, judge transmitting antenna for entelechy Change.WhenWhen not being 0 or π or ± pi/2, judge transmitting antenna for elliptic polarization.
The calculation formula of the polarization tilt angle of transmitting antenna is as follows, wherein
The calculation formula of the axis ratio of transmitting antenna is as follows, wherein
By the operating frequency value of synchronous change signal source and spectrum analyzer 112, step S902 is repeated to step S912 The measurement under different frequent points to antenna polarization parameter can be completed.
In the embodiment one of antenna polarization measurement method of parameters shown in Fig. 3, with the amplitude in vertical checkout channel for 1, water The amplitude of flat TCH test channel isIndicate the phase difference in horizontal checkout channel and vertical checkout channel.It is shown in Fig. 9 In the embodiment two of antenna polarization measurement method of parameters, with the amplitude in horizontal checkout channel for 1, the amplitude in vertical checkout channel is Indicate the phase difference in vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel.The two technical principle having the same, for Embodiment two repeats no more.
With the embodiment two of antenna polarization measurement method of parameters shown in Fig. 9 correspondingly, the antenna polarization of the application is joined The embodiment two of number measuring device has refined controller 150 on the basis of Fig. 1.The controller 150 further comprises switching Unit, the 4th adjustment unit, the 5th adjustment unit, the 6th adjustment unit and computing unit.
The switch unit is used to switch the state of switching network, so that spectrum analyzer is connected only to vertical checkout first logical Then road is connected only to horizontal checkout channel, is last while being connected to vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel.
4th adjustment unit is used to when spectrum analyzer is connected only to horizontal checkout channel, by spectrum analyzer Parameter is set as matching with signal source, records reading P3' by spectrum analyzer at this time.
5th adjustment unit is used to when spectrum analyzer is connected only to vertical checkout channel, by spectrum analyzer Parameter is set as matching with signal source, records reading P4' by spectrum analyzer at this time.5th adjustment unit also by adjusting The output amplitude of IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel, keeps P3' and P4' equal.IQ in vertical checkout channel at this time The output amplitude of vector modulator is Px/Py, and wherein Px indicates that the reception power of vertical polarized antenna, Py indicate horizontal polarization day The reception power of line.
6th adjustment unit is used to be connected to vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel simultaneously in spectrum analyzer When, the parameter of spectrum analyzer is disposed as matching with signal source, reading P5 is recorded by spectrum analyzer at this time.Described 6th Adjustment unit also keeps the output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel constant, adjusts in vertical checkout channel The output phase track of IQ vector modulator rotates 360 ° along unit circle, acquires the reading of the spectrum analyzer in whole process Number.The reading maximum value P5max of spectrum analyzer is obtained during from this, and obtains the IQ Vector Modulation in vertical checkout channel Device corresponding output phase at that timeThe when m- phase angle of horizontally-polarized antenna is lagged behind for vertical polarized antenna.
The computing unit be used to according to Px/Py andObtain polarization type, polarization tilt angle, the axis ratio etc. of transmitting antenna Polarization parameter.
It is analyzed by the calculating of specificity analysis and polarization parameter to various polarization types it is found that day provided by the present application The polarization parameter measuring device and method of line are not necessarily to predict the polarization information of antenna to be measured (transmitting antenna), can be straight by testing Connect the complete polarization parameters such as the polarization type for providing antenna to be measured, polarization tilt angle, axis ratio；Tolerance function can be accessed in transmitting antenna In the case where the device of rate, the test of antenna polarization parameter is carried out to transmitting antenna；It can be in the feelings of transmitting antenna access transmitter It is tested under condition, the polarization of the radiated electromagnetic wave of transmitting antenna is joined to enumerate the factors such as harmonic wave and the coupling of transmitter Several influences；Without vector network analyzer costly, it is only necessary to which scalar detection instrument such as spectrum analyzer can be into The test of row antenna polarization parameter.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present application, it is not used to limit the application.Come for those skilled in the art It says, various changes and changes are possible in this application.Within the spirit and principles of this application, made any modification, equivalent Replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims (12)

1. a kind of antenna polarization parameter measuring apparatus, characterized in that including two antennas, two IQ vector modulators, switch net Network, spectrum analyzer and controller；
Described two antennas are vertical polarized antenna, horizontally-polarized antenna, a pair of orthogonal linear polarized antenna that the two is constituted respectively As receiving antenna；A complete transmitting is constituted after antenna to be measured is connect as transmitting antenna with other transmitting equipment is System；
Described two IQ vector modulators are separately connected the output end of two antennas；Each IQ vector modulator passes through a pair of control Voltage forms orthogonal I value and Q value to realize the continuous modulation of the amplitude and phase of the radiofrequency signal exported to it；
The antenna one and its IQ vector modulator one of connection are known as TCH test channel one；The antenna two and its IQ of connection arrow It measures modulator two and is known as TCH test channel two；Two TCH test channels are calibrated by two IQ vector modulators, so that two TCH test channel amplitude and phase value having the same under identical test frequency；Described two TCH test channels include vertical checkout Channel and horizontal checkout channel；
The switching network connects the output end of two IQ vector modulators simultaneously, and for tool there are three state, state one is only to connect TCH test channel one is connect, state two is that only connecting test channel two, state three are connecting test channel one and TCH test channel two simultaneously；
The output end of the spectrum analyzer connection switch network；
The controller further comprises switch unit, the first adjustment unit, second adjustment unit, third adjustment unit and calculating Unit；
The switch unit is used to switch the state of switching network, make spectrum analyzer be connected only to first vertical checkout channel, Then it is connected only to horizontal checkout channel, last while being connected to vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel；
The first adjustment unit is used to when spectrum analyzer is connected only to vertical checkout channel, by the parameter of spectrum analyzer It is set as matching with signal source, reading P3 is recorded by spectrum analyzer at this time；
The second adjustment unit is used to when spectrum analyzer is connected only to horizontal checkout channel, by the parameter of spectrum analyzer It is set as matching with signal source, reading P4 is recorded by spectrum analyzer at this time；The second adjustment unit is also by adjusting level The output amplitude of IQ vector modulator in TCH test channel, keeps P3 and P4 equal；IQ vector tune in horizontal checkout channel at this time The output amplitude of device processed is Py/Px, and wherein Px indicates that the reception power of vertical polarized antenna, Py indicate connecing for horizontally-polarized antenna Receive power；
The third adjustment unit is used to when spectrum analyzer is connected to vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel simultaneously, will The parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, records reading P5 by spectrum analyzer at this time；The third adjustment is single Member also keeps the output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel constant, adjusts the IQ vector in horizontal checkout channel The output phase track of modulator rotates 360 ° along unit circle, acquires the reading of the spectrum analyzer in whole process；From this The reading maximum value P5max of spectrum analyzer is obtained in the process, and obtains the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel at that time Corresponding output phase For the phase difference of horizontally-polarized antenna and vertical polarized antenna, whereinRespectively For the phase of vertical polarized antenna and horizontally-polarized antenna；
The computing unit be used to according to Py/Px andObtain polarization type, the polarization tilt angle, axis ratio of transmitting antenna.
2. antenna polarization parameter measuring apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the controller is changed to further wrap Include switch unit, the 4th adjustment unit, the 5th adjustment unit, the 6th adjustment unit and computing unit；
The switch unit is used to switch the state of switching network, make spectrum analyzer be connected only to first horizontal checkout channel, Then it is connected only to vertical checkout channel, last while being connected to horizontal checkout channel and vertical checkout channel；
4th adjustment unit is used to when spectrum analyzer is connected only to horizontal checkout channel, by the parameter of spectrum analyzer It is set as matching with signal source, reading P3' is recorded by spectrum analyzer at this time；
5th adjustment unit is used to when spectrum analyzer is connected only to vertical checkout channel, by the parameter of spectrum analyzer It is set as matching with signal source, reading P4' is recorded by spectrum analyzer at this time；5th adjustment unit is also by adjusting vertical The output amplitude of IQ vector modulator in TCH test channel, keeps P3' and P4' equal；IQ vector in vertical checkout channel at this time The output amplitude of modulator is Px/Py, and wherein Px indicates that the reception power of vertical polarized antenna, Py indicate horizontally-polarized antenna Receive power；
6th adjustment unit is used to when spectrum analyzer is connected to vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel simultaneously, will The parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, records reading P5 by spectrum analyzer at this time；6th adjustment is single Member also keeps the output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel constant, adjusts the IQ vector in vertical checkout channel The output phase track of modulator rotates 360 ° along unit circle, acquires the reading of the spectrum analyzer in whole process；From The reading maximum value P5max of spectrum analyzer is obtained during this, and is obtained the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel and worked as When corresponding output phase For the phase difference of vertical polarized antenna and horizontally-polarized antenna, wherein The respectively phase of vertical polarized antenna and horizontally-polarized antenna；；
The computing unit be used to according to Px/Py andObtain polarization type, the polarization tilt angle, axis ratio of transmitting antenna.
3. antenna polarization parameter measuring apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that described to two TCH test channels Carrying out calibration is using correction antenna as transmitting antenna；By adjusting a pair of control voltage by the I of two IQ vector modulators Value is placed in 1, Q value and is placed in 0；First by switching network be switched to only connection vertical checkout channel, will correction tested rotating platform to hang down Straight polarization, the parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source, reads the reading P1 of spectrum analyzer；Net will be switched again Network is switched to only connection horizontal checkout channel, by correction tested rotating platform to horizontal polarization, sets the parameter of spectrum analyzer to It is matched with signal source, reads the reading P2 of spectrum analyzer；By adjusting the defeated of the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel The reading of the spectrum analyzer of two TCH test channels is adjusted to consistent by amplitude out；Switching network is switched to again while being connected and is hung down Straight TCH test channel and horizontal checkout channel polarize correction tested rotating platform to oblique 45 °, by the parameter of spectrum analyzer be set as with Signal source matching keeps the amplitude of the IQ vector modulator output in vertical checkout channel constant, only adjusts vertical checkout channel In IQ vector modulator output phase, make Phase Continuation change 360 °, record in the continuous result of spectrum analyzer most Big reading value, and a pair of of I, Q value for obtaining the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel at this time is used as after frequency point calibration I, Q value, this just completes the calibration under the frequency point to two TCH test channels；Pass through synchronous change signal source and spectrum analyzer Operating frequency value, repeat the above process the calibration that can be completed under different frequent points to two TCH test channels.
4. antenna polarization parameter measuring apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that described to two TCH test channels Carrying out calibration is using correction antenna as transmitting antenna；By adjusting a pair of control voltage by the I of two IQ vector modulators Value is placed in 1, Q value and is placed in 0；Switching network is first switched to only connection horizontal checkout channel, by correction tested rotating platform to water The parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source by mean pole, reads the reading P1' of spectrum analyzer；It again will switch Network switching is only to connect vertical checkout channel, by correction tested rotating platform to vertical polarization, by the parameter setting of spectrum analyzer To match with signal source, the reading P2' of spectrum analyzer is read；By adjusting the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel The reading of the spectrum analyzer of two TCH test channels is adjusted to consistent by output amplitude；Switching network is switched to while being connected again Vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout channel set the parameter of spectrum analyzer to by correction tested rotating platform to oblique 45 ° polarization It is matched with signal source, keeps the amplitude of the IQ vector modulator output in horizontal checkout channel constant, it is logical only to adjust horizontal checkout The phase of IQ vector modulator output in road, makes Phase Continuation change 360 °, records in the continuous result of spectrum analyzer most Big reading value, and I, Q value for obtaining the IQ vector modulator at this time in horizontal checkout channel are used as I, Q after the frequency point is calibrated Value, this just completes the calibration under the frequency point to two TCH test channels；Pass through the work of synchronous change signal source and spectrum analyzer Working frequency value repeats the above process the calibration that can be completed under different frequent points to two TCH test channels.
5. a kind of antenna polarization measurement method of parameters, characterized in that include the following steps:
Step S302: a complete transmitting is constituted after antenna to be measured is connect as transmitting antenna with other transmitting equipment is System, a pair of orthogonal linear polarized antenna that a vertical polarized antenna and a horizontally-polarized antenna are constituted is as receiving antenna；
Step S304: switching the state of switching network, and spectrum analyzer is made to be connected only to vertical checkout channel, by spectrum analyzer Parameter be set as matching with signal source, at this time by spectrum analyzer record reading P3；
Step S306: switching the state of switching network, and spectrum analyzer is made to be connected only to horizontal checkout channel, by spectrum analyzer Parameter be set as matching with signal source, at this time by spectrum analyzer record reading P4；By adjusting in horizontal checkout channel The output amplitude of IQ vector modulator keeps P3 and P4 equal；The output width of IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel at this time Degree is Py/Px, and wherein Px indicates that the reception power of vertical polarized antenna, Py indicate the reception power of horizontally-polarized antenna；
Step S308: switching the state of switching network, makes spectrum analyzer while being connected to vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout The parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source by channel, records reading P5 by spectrum analyzer at this time；
Step S310: keeping the output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel constant, adjusts horizontal checkout channel In the output phase track of IQ vector modulator rotate 360 ° along unit circle, acquire the spectrum analyzer in whole process The maximum value P5max of reading, and obtain the corresponding output phase at that time of the IQ vector modulator in horizontal checkout channel For the phase difference of horizontally-polarized antenna and vertical polarized antenna, whereinRespectively vertical polarized antenna and water The phase of flat poliarizing antenna；
Step S312: according to Py/Px andObtain polarization type, the polarization tilt angle, axis ratio of transmitting antenna；
By the operating frequency value of synchronous change signal source and spectrum analyzer, repeats step S302 to step S312 and complete difference To the measurement of antenna polarization parameter under frequency point.
6. antenna polarization measurement method of parameters according to claim 5, characterized in that in the step S312, whenFor When 0 or π, judge transmitting antenna for linear polarization；WhenWhen for ± pi/2, judge transmitting antenna for circular polarisation；WhenIt is not 0 or π Or when ± pi/2, judge transmitting antenna for elliptic polarization.
7. antenna polarization measurement method of parameters according to claim 5, characterized in that in the step S312, emit day The calculation formula of the polarization tilt angle of line is as follows,
Wherein
8. antenna polarization measurement method of parameters according to claim 5, characterized in that in the step S312, emit day The calculation formula of the axis ratio of line is as follows,
Wherein
9. a kind of antenna polarization measurement method of parameters, characterized in that include the following steps:
Step S902: a complete transmitting is constituted after antenna to be measured is connect as transmitting antenna with other transmitting equipment is System, a pair of orthogonal linear polarized antenna that a vertical polarized antenna and a horizontally-polarized antenna are constituted is as receiving antenna；
Step S904: switching the state of switching network, and spectrum analyzer is made to be connected only to horizontal checkout channel, by spectrum analyzer Parameter be set as matching with signal source, at this time by spectrum analyzer record reading P3'；
Step S906: switching the state of switching network, and spectrum analyzer is made to be connected only to vertical checkout channel, by spectrum analyzer Parameter be set as matching with signal source, at this time by spectrum analyzer record reading P4'；By adjusting in vertical checkout channel The output amplitude of IQ vector modulator keeps P3' and P4' equal；The output of IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel at this time Amplitude is Px/Py, and wherein Px indicates that the reception power of vertical polarized antenna, Py indicate the reception power of horizontally-polarized antenna；
Step S908: switching the state of switching network, makes spectrum analyzer while being connected to vertical checkout channel and horizontal checkout The parameter of spectrum analyzer is set as matching with signal source by channel, records reading P5 by spectrum analyzer at this time；
Step S910: keeping the output amplitude of the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel constant, adjusts vertical checkout channel In IQ vector modulator output phase track along unit circle rotate 360 °, acquire whole process in spectrum analyzer Reading maximum value P5max, and obtain the corresponding output phase at that time of the IQ vector modulator in vertical checkout channel For the phase difference of vertical polarized antenna and horizontally-polarized antenna, whereinRespectively vertical polarized antenna and The phase of horizontally-polarized antenna；；
Step S912: according to Px/Py andObtain polarization type, the polarization tilt angle, axis ratio of transmitting antenna；
By the operating frequency value of synchronous change signal source and spectrum analyzer, repeats step S902 to step S912 and complete difference To the measurement of antenna polarization parameter under frequency point.
10. antenna polarization measurement method of parameters according to claim 9, characterized in that in the step S912, when When for 0 or π, judge transmitting antenna for linear polarization；WhenWhen for ± pi/2, judge transmitting antenna for circular polarisation；WhenIt is not 0 Or when π or ± pi/2, judge transmitting antenna for elliptic polarization.
11. antenna polarization measurement method of parameters according to claim 9, characterized in that in the step S912, emit day The calculation formula of the polarization tilt angle of line is as follows,
Wherein
12. antenna polarization measurement method of parameters according to claim 9, characterized in that in the step S912, emit day The calculation formula of the axis ratio of line is as follows,
Wherein
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CN112147423A (en) * 2020-08-24 2020-12-29 西安空间无线电技术研究所 Method for testing polarization isolation of metal wire grating
CN112269070A (en) * 2020-08-31 2021-01-26 西安空间无线电技术研究所 Channel balancing method and system for antenna test dual-polarization probe
CN113163436A (en) * 2021-03-24 2021-07-23 苏州攀登者信息科技有限公司 Method for measuring and calculating space isolation
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CN117169609A (en) * 2023-11-03 2023-12-05 荣耀终端有限公司 Antenna polarization characteristic measurement system and measurement method

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CN111381111B (en) * 2020-03-25 2022-07-12 广州求远电子科技有限公司 Antenna polarization test circuit and test device
CN111381111A (en) * 2020-03-25 2020-07-07 广州求远电子科技有限公司 Antenna polarization test circuit and test device
CN112147423A (en) * 2020-08-24 2020-12-29 西安空间无线电技术研究所 Method for testing polarization isolation of metal wire grating
CN112147423B (en) * 2020-08-24 2024-04-09 西安空间无线电技术研究所 Method for testing polarization isolation of metal wire grid
CN112269070A (en) * 2020-08-31 2021-01-26 西安空间无线电技术研究所 Channel balancing method and system for antenna test dual-polarization probe
CN112269070B (en) * 2020-08-31 2023-12-12 西安空间无线电技术研究所 Channel balancing method and system for antenna test dual-polarized probe
CN113163436A (en) * 2021-03-24 2021-07-23 苏州攀登者信息科技有限公司 Method for measuring and calculating space isolation
JP2023009481A (en) * 2021-07-07 2023-01-20 アンリツ株式会社 System for measuring antenna directional characteristic of radio terminal, and measurement method
JP7329564B2 (en) 2021-07-07 2023-08-18 アンリツ株式会社 Measurement system and measurement method for antenna directivity characteristics of wireless terminal
CN114113700B (en) * 2021-11-12 2023-05-09 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 Device and method for supporting direction-finding test of microwave darkroom with multiple antenna polarizations
CN114113700A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-01 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 Microwave anechoic chamber direction-finding test device and method supporting multiple antenna polarizations
CN113820548A (en) * 2021-11-23 2021-12-21 南昌龙旗信息技术有限公司 Antenna axial ratio measuring device, method, equipment and storage medium
CN117169609A (en) * 2023-11-03 2023-12-05 荣耀终端有限公司 Antenna polarization characteristic measurement system and measurement method
CN117169609B (en) * 2023-11-03 2024-03-08 荣耀终端有限公司 Antenna polarization characteristic measurement system and measurement method

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