CN102818942A - Far-field parameter calibration device and calibration method for antenna - Google Patents

Far-field parameter calibration device and calibration method for antenna Download PDF

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CN102818942A
CN102818942A CN201210303177XA CN201210303177A CN102818942A CN 102818942 A CN102818942 A CN 102818942A CN 201210303177X A CN201210303177X A CN 201210303177XA CN 201210303177 A CN201210303177 A CN 201210303177A CN 102818942 A CN102818942 A CN 102818942A
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antenna
signal
receiving antenna
dark room
power
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CN102818942B (en
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罗喜明
吴传昕
田春华
黄品芳
毛凡
李雷
杨小朋
胡小洲
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METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT INSTITUTE OF HUBEI SPACE TECHNOLOGY ACADEMY
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METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT INSTITUTE OF HUBEI SPACE TECHNOLOGY ACADEMY
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Abstract

The invention relates to a far-field parameter calibration device and a far-field parameter calibration method for an antenna. The calibration device comprises a receiver, a computer, a microwave anechoic chamber, a receiving antenna, a turntable, a transmission antenna, a bracket and a signal generator, and is characterized in that the receiving antenna, the turntable, the transmission antenna and the bracket are arranged in the microwave anechoic chamber; the receiving antenna is arranged on the turntable, and is arranged on the spatial longitudinal axis of the anechoic chamber; the transmission antenna is arranged on the bracket, and is arranged on the spatial longitudinal axis of the anechoic chamber; the receiver is in communication connection with the computer; the signal output end of the computer is connected with the turntable and the signal input end of the signal generator respectively; the signal output end of the signal generator is connected with the signal input end of the transmission antenna; and the signal output end of the receiving antenna is connected with the signal input end of the receiver. According to the device and the method, electrical performance parameters of the antenna can be measured accurately, quickly and efficiently in real time. The device and the method are high in applicability and wide in frequency calibration range, and the measurement synthesis uncertainty can reach 0.21 to 0.49dB.

Description

Antenna far field parametric calibration device and calibration steps
Technical field
The present invention relates to parametric calibration device and calibration steps, particularly is antenna far field parametric calibration device and calibration steps.
Background technology
In order to guarantee the electric property of antenna, except the Design Theory of strictness and good making, also must revise according to the data of actual test.At present the electromagnetic compatibility antenna calibration method is adopted in the calibration of antenna usually, this method calibration parameter is imperfect, and calibration error is bigger, and is not suitable for the actual environment for use of missile antenna.In addition, mostly the calculating of the rendering parameter of the admission of data, directional diagram is manual operations in the test process, inefficiency, and measuring accuracy is poor, and holding time is long.Therefore, design a kind of antenna far field parametric calibration device and the calibration steps ten minutes necessity that can accurately and fast, in real time, efficiently measure the antenna electrical performance parameter with assurance antenna product quality.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of antenna electrical performance parameter of can accurately and fast, in real time, efficiently measuring to guarantee the antenna far field parametric calibration device and the calibration steps of antenna product quality.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides a kind of antenna far field parametric calibration device, comprise receiver, computing machine, microwave dark room, receiving antenna, turntable, emitting antenna, support and signal generator; It is characterized in that said receiving antenna, turntable, emitting antenna, support are positioned in the microwave dark room; Receiving antenna is arranged on the turntable and places on the space longitudinal axis in darkroom, and emitting antenna is arranged on the support and places on the longitudinal axis of space, darkroom, and microwave dark room is a rectangular parallelepiped; All lay absorbing material for six in the microwave dark room; The axial dimension of microwave dark room meets sending and receiving antenna far field required distance, and the cross sectional dimensions of microwave dark room meets the antenna aperture size requirements, and microwave dark room is provided with screen layer; Dead zone height in the microwave dark room is greater than the vertical bore of antenna to be measured; The dead zone degree of depth and width in the microwave dark room are suitable, and the dead band width in the microwave dark room is greater than the horizontal bore of antenna to be measured, the interior dead zone reflective level of microwave dark room≤-30dB; Be connected through communication between said receiver and the computing machine; The signal output part of said computing machine is connected with the signal input part of turntable and signal generator respectively, and the signal output part of said signal generator is connected with the signal input part of emitting antenna, and the signal output part of said receiving antenna is connected with the signal input part of receiver.
The present invention also provides a kind of antenna far field parameter calibrating method, it is characterized in that, adopts the described a kind of antenna of claim 1 far field parametric calibration device to carry out, and may further comprise the steps:
S1. accurately locate zero-bit
Adopt laser level to confirm the horizontal center and the vertical centre of sending and receiving antenna respectively; Simultaneously; Adopt laser range finder test sending and receiving antenna opening interplanar distance to leave, assurance sending and receiving antenna mechanical zero is accurately located, through the point by point scanning of turntable wobble shaft; Confirm the electrical zero of antenna, eliminate mechanical zero and the inconsistent error of bringing of electrical zero that antenna itself possibly exist;
S2. evaluate the microwave dark room reflective level
Receiving antenna is moved on the axis direction in the dead zone, darkroom; Every interval 1cm step record receiver test level in a wavelength; Revise displacement and cause the influence of space loss incoming level; Calculate the space standing-wave ratio (SWR) on each frequency dead zone axis, thereby draw the influence amount of this frequency space reflection test level;
S3. eliminate mismatch error
Adopt sweep frequency technique, test out the standing-wave ratio (SWR) of each frequency, and calculate reflection coefficient, obtain the actual energy that accurately absorbs of antenna, eliminate the error that mismatch is brought;
S4. calibration
S41. calibrate on-axis gain and antenna factor;
S411. each building block in the calibrating installation and test cable etc. is tested;
S412. use laser level to make the mechanical zero aiming of emitting antenna and receiving antenna;
S413. accurately measure the actual range between emitting antenna and receiving antenna actinal surface with laser range finder;
Receiving antenna is rotated on the certain angle orientation, confirm test electrical zero center;
S415. use the signal of signal generator (8) output assigned frequency and power, the signal power that the recorder machine is measured;
S416. successively three antennas are positioned over reception and transmitting site, repeating step S412～step S415 obtains three group of received performance number P R12, P R23And P R31, substitution first formula
G 1 = P R 12 + P R 31 - P R 23 - ( P out - A 1 - A 2 ) 2 G 2 = P R 12 + P R 23 - P R 31 - ( P out - A 1 - A 2 ) 2 G 3 = P R 23 + P R 31 - P R 12 - ( P out - A 1 - A 2 ) 2
In the formula: G 1, G 2, G 3Be respectively the gain of three slave antennas, dB
P Out-signal generator output power, dBm
A 1The transmission attenuation of-space, dB
A 2The loss of-high frequency cable, dB
R-dual-mode antenna actinal surface distance, m
λ-carrier signal wavelength, m
Calculate the on-axis gain G of said three antennas under the situation of far field 1, G 2And G 3
S417. with described on-axis gain substitution second formula of step S416
AD = 20 lg ( 9.73 λ ) - G
In the formula: AF-antenna factor, dB/m
λ-test frequency corresponding wavelength, m
Calculate antenna factor;
S42. calibrating direction figure;
S421. with the signal of signal generator output assigned frequency and power, receiving antenna is remained unchanged on wobble shaft, on azimuth axis, rotate from-170o～170o orientation, the signal power of recorder machine measurement obtains power magnitude angle corresponding data table;
S422. the power P to record on the antenna axial direction 0Be RP, with the polar coordinate mode mapping, reflection receiving antenna yawing axis received power when certain angle departs from P 0Relative level, amplitude is with the decibel linear scaled;
S43. antenna cross-polarization calibration;
S431. make the polarised direction of receiving antenna and emitting antenna identical;
S432. export the signal of assigned frequency and power with signal generator, the signal power that the recorder machine is measured;
S433. keep above test mode, around calibration axis rotation emitting antenna 90o ± 1o, the signal power of recorder machine measurement once more;
S434. the signal power of recorder machine measurement is poor among the signal power that the recorder machine among the step S432 of calculating is measured and the step S433, is the cross polarization amount of antenna to be measured.
The present invention adopts three-antenna method, through zero-bit accurately locate, technology such as the evaluation of darkroom reflective level, mismatch error elimination, realize the antenna electrical performance parameter accurately and fast, in real time, the efficient measurement.The present invention adapts to face width, but the test frequency scope is big, measures synthetic uncertainty and can reach 0.21～0.49dB.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an antenna of the present invention far field parametric calibration apparatus structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the antenna radiation pattern of the embodiment of the invention one 8.2GHz Frequency point;
Fig. 3 is the antenna radiation pattern of the embodiment of the invention one 18.0GHz Frequency point;
Fig. 4 is the antenna radiation pattern of the embodiment of the invention two 0.5GHz Frequency points.
Among the figure: the 1-receiver; The 2-computing machine; The 3-microwave dark room; The 4-receiving antenna; The 5-turntable; The 6-emitting antenna; The 7-support; The 8-signal generator.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is made further detailed description, but this embodiment should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment one
3 on calibration object: ETS 3115 antennas, numbering is respectively 6262#, 6663#, 6675#.
A kind of antenna far field parametric calibration device; Comprise receiver 1, computing machine 2, microwave dark room 3, receiving antenna 4, turntable 5, emitting antenna 6, support 7 and signal generator 8, said receiving antenna 4, turntable 5, emitting antenna 6, support 7 are positioned in the microwave dark room 3, and receiving antenna 4 is arranged on the turntable 5 and places on the space longitudinal axis in darkroom; Emitting antenna 6 is arranged on the support 7 and places on the longitudinal axis of space, darkroom; Microwave dark room 3 is a rectangular parallelepiped, microwave dark room 3 interior six all lay absorbing material, the axial dimension of microwave dark room 3 meets sending and receiving antenna far field required distance; The cross sectional dimensions of microwave dark room 3 meets the antenna aperture size requirements; Microwave dark room 3 is provided with screen layer, and the dead zone height in the microwave dark room 3 is greater than the vertical bore of antenna to be measured, and the dead zone degree of depth and width in the microwave dark room 3 are suitable; Dead band width in the microwave dark room 3 is greater than the horizontal bore of antenna to be measured; Dead zone reflective level in the microwave dark room 3≤-30dB, be connected through communication between said receiver 1 and the computing machine 2, the signal output part of said computing machine 2 is connected with the signal input part of turntable 5 with signal generator 8 respectively; The signal output part of said signal generator 8 is connected with the signal input part of emitting antenna 6, and the signal output part of said receiving antenna 4 is connected with the signal input part of receiver 1.
Adopt above-mentioned antenna far field parametric calibration device, through following method boresight antenna far field parameter, its step comprises:
S1. accurately locate zero-bit
Adopt laser level to confirm the horizontal center and the vertical centre of sending and receiving antenna respectively; Simultaneously; Adopt laser range finder test sending and receiving antenna opening interplanar distance from being 14.28m, assurance sending and receiving antenna mechanical zero is accurately located, through the point by point scanning of turntable wobble shaft; Confirm the electrical zero of antenna, eliminate mechanical zero and the inconsistent error of bringing of electrical zero that antenna itself possibly exist;
S2. evaluate the microwave dark room reflective level
Receiving antenna is moved on the axis direction in the dead zone, darkroom; Every interval 1cm step record receiver test level in a wavelength; Revise displacement and cause the influence of space loss incoming level; Calculate the space standing-wave ratio (SWR) on each frequency dead zone axis, the amount of influence of test level is to the maximum ± 0.33dB thereby draw this frequency space reflection;
S3. eliminate mismatch error
Adopt sweep frequency technique, test out the standing-wave ratio (SWR) of each frequency, and calculate reflection coefficient, obtain the actual energy that accurately absorbs of antenna, mismatch error for the influence of test result is ± 0.04dB-0.45dB;
S4. calibration
S41. calibrate on-axis gain and antenna factor;
S411. each building block in the calibrating installation and test cable etc. is tested;
S412. use laser level to make the mechanical zero aiming of emitting antenna 6 and receiving antenna 4;
S413. the actual range that uses laser range finder to accurately measure between emitting antenna 6 and receiving antenna 4 actinal surfaces is 14.28m;
Receiving antenna 4 is rotated on the certain angle orientation, confirm test electrical zero center;
S415. export the signal of assigned frequencies and power with signal generator 8, the signal power that recorder machine 1 is measured;
S416. successively three antennas are positioned over reception and transmitting site, transmit and receive antenna and be vertical polarization, repeating step S412～step S415,6262# are 1#, and 6663# is 2#, and 6675# is 3#, obtains three group of received performance number P R12, P R23And P R31, P R12, P R23, P R31Represent 1#, 2# respectively, when the 3# antenna transmits and receives antenna each other, power original calibrated data such as following table that receiver records:
Figure BDA0000205158723
Figure BDA0000205158724
，
To go up table data substitution first formula, calculate the on-axis gain G of said three antennas under the situation of far field 1, G 2And G 3Like following table:
Frequency (GHz) Far field distance (m) 6262#（dB） 6663#（dB） 6675#（dB）
2.0 14.28 9.68 9.80 10.05
5.0 14.28 10.56 10.73 10.98
10.0 14.28 12.77 11.89 11.27
12.0 14.28 12.66 12.66 12.77
15.0 14.28 12.58 12.57 13.73
18.0 14.28 7.77 7.34 9.48
；
S417. with described on-axis gain substitution second formula of step S416, calculate antenna factor such as following table:
；
S42. calibrating direction figure;
S421. export the signal of assigned frequency and power with signal generator; Receiving antenna 4 is remained unchanged on wobble shaft; On azimuth axis, rotate from-170o～170o orientation, the signal power that recorder machine 1 is measured obtains power magnitude angle corresponding data table;
S422. the power P to record on the antenna axial direction 0Be RP, with the polar coordinate mode mapping, wherein 3115 (6675#) antenna is seen accompanying drawing 2 at the antenna radiation pattern of 8.2GHz Frequency point, sees accompanying drawing 3 at the antenna radiation pattern of 18.0GHz Frequency point;
S43. antenna cross-polarization calibration;
S431. make receiving antenna 4 identical with the polarised direction of emitting antenna 6;
S432. export the signal of assigned frequency and power with signal generator, the signal power that recorder machine 1 is measured;
S433. keep above align mode, around calibration axis rotation emitting antenna 90o ± 1o, the signal power of recorder machine 1 measurement once more;
S434. calculate signal power poor of recorder machine 1 measurement among signal power that recorder machine among the step S432 1 measures and the step S433, be the cross polarization amount of antenna to be measured.With 6262# is that receiving antenna, 6663# are emitting antenna, cross polarization original calibrated data such as following table under 8.2GHz and the 18.0GHz Frequency point when transmitting and receiving the different polarization situation of antenna:
Figure BDA0000205158726
Figure BDA0000205158727
，
In view of the above, it is following to obtain the cross polarization calibration result:
Figure BDA0000205158729
。
Embodiment two
Calibration object: 3 on western precious XB-WDB-0.4-3.5N antenna, numbering: 110321201#, 11032102#, 11032103#.
Calibrating installation: with embodiment one
Adopt above-mentioned antenna far field parametric calibration device, through following method boresight antenna far field parameter, its step comprises:
S1. accurately locate zero-bit
Adopt laser level to confirm the horizontal center and the vertical centre of sending and receiving antenna respectively; Simultaneously; Adopt laser range finder test sending and receiving antenna opening interplanar distance from being 14.03m, assurance sending and receiving antenna mechanical zero is accurately located, through the point by point scanning of turntable wobble shaft; Confirm the electrical zero of antenna, eliminate mechanical zero and the inconsistent error of bringing of electrical zero that antenna itself possibly exist;
S2. evaluate the microwave dark room reflective level
Receiving antenna is moved on the axis direction in the dead zone, darkroom; Every interval 1cm step record receiver test level in a wavelength; Revise displacement and cause the influence of space loss incoming level; Calculate the space standing-wave ratio (SWR) on each frequency dead zone axis, the amount of influence of test level is to the maximum ± 0.17dB thereby draw this frequency space reflection;
S3. eliminate mismatch error
Adopt sweep frequency technique, test out the standing-wave ratio (SWR) of each frequency, and calculate reflection coefficient, obtain the actual energy that accurately absorbs of antenna, mismatch error for the influence of test result is ± 0.18dB;
S4. calibration
S41. calibrate on-axis gain and antenna factor;
S411. each building block in the calibrating installation and test cable etc. is tested;
S412. use laser level to make the mechanical zero aiming of emitting antenna 6 and receiving antenna 4;
S413. the actual range that uses laser range finder to accurately measure between emitting antenna 6 and receiving antenna 4 actinal surfaces is 14.28m;
Receiving antenna 4 is rotated on the certain angle orientation, confirm test electrical zero center;
S415. export the signal of assigned frequencies and power with signal generator 8, the signal power that recorder machine 1 is measured;
S416. successively three antennas are positioned over reception and transmitting site, transmit and receive antenna and be vertical polarization, 110321201# is 1#, and 110321202# is 2#, and 110321203# is 3#, and repeating step S412～step S415 obtains three group of received performance number P R12, P R23And P R31, P R12, P R23, P R31Represent 1#, 2# respectively, when the 3# antenna transmits and receives antenna each other, the power original calibrated data following table that receiver records:
Figure BDA00002051587210
，
To go up table data substitution first formula, calculate the on-axis gain G of said three antennas under the situation of far field 1, G 2And G 3Like following table:
Figure BDA00002051587211
；
S417. with described on-axis gain substitution second formula of step S416, calculate antenna factor such as following table:
Figure BDA00002051587212
；
S42. calibrating direction figure;
S421. export the signal of assigned frequency and power with signal generator; Receiving antenna 4 is remained unchanged on wobble shaft; On azimuth axis, rotate from-170o～170o orientation, the signal power that recorder machine 1 is measured obtains power magnitude angle corresponding data table;
S422. the power P to record on the antenna axial direction 0Be RP, with the polar coordinate mode mapping, wherein XB-WDB-0.4-3.5N (11032102#) antenna is seen accompanying drawing 4 at the antenna radiation pattern of 0.5GHz Frequency point;
S43. antenna cross-polarization calibration
S431. make receiving antenna 4 identical with the polarised direction of emitting antenna 6;
S432. export the signal of assigned frequency and power with signal generator, the signal power that recorder machine 1 is measured;
S433. keep above align mode, around calibration axis rotation emitting antenna 90o ± 1o, the signal power of recorder machine 1 measurement once more;
S434. calculate signal power poor of recorder machine 1 measurement among signal power that recorder machine among the step S432 1 measures and the step S433, be the cross polarization amount of antenna to be measured.With 11032103# is receiving antenna, and 11032102# is an emitting antenna, under the 0.5GHz Frequency point, and cross polarization original calibrated data such as following table when transmitting and receiving the different polarization of antenna feelings:
Figure BDA00002051587214
，
In view of the above, it is following to obtain the cross polarization calibration result:
Figure BDA00002051587215
Figure BDA00002051587216
。
Make the content of detailed description in this instructions, belong to the those skilled in the art known prior art.

Claims (2)

1. antenna far field parametric calibration device; Comprise receiver (1), computing machine (2), microwave dark room (3), receiving antenna (4), turntable (5), emitting antenna (6), support (7) and signal generator (8); It is characterized in that: said receiving antenna (4), turntable (5), emitting antenna (6), support (7) are positioned in the microwave dark room (3); Receiving antenna (4) is arranged at turntable (5) and goes up and place on the space longitudinal axis in darkroom, and emitting antenna (6) is arranged at support (7) and goes up and place on the longitudinal axis of space, darkroom, and microwave dark room (3) is a rectangular parallelepiped; Interior six of microwave dark room (3) is all laid absorbing material; The axial dimension of microwave dark room (3) meets sending and receiving antenna far field required distance, and the cross sectional dimensions of microwave dark room (3) meets the antenna aperture size requirements, and microwave dark room (3) is provided with screen layer; Dead zone height in the microwave dark room (3) is greater than the vertical bore of antenna to be measured; The dead zone degree of depth and width in the microwave dark room (3) are suitable, and the dead band width in the microwave dark room (3) is greater than the horizontal bore of antenna to be measured, the interior dead zone reflective level of microwave dark room (3)≤-30dB; Be connected through communication between said receiver (1) and the computing machine (2); The signal output part of said computing machine (2) is connected with the signal input part of turntable (5) with signal generator (8) respectively, and the signal output part of said signal generator (8) is connected with the signal input part of emitting antenna (6), and the signal output part of said receiving antenna (4) is connected with the signal input part of receiver (1).
2. an antenna far field parameter calibrating method is characterized in that, adopts the described a kind of antenna of claim 1 far field parametric calibration device to carry out, and may further comprise the steps:
S1. accurately locate zero-bit
Adopt laser level to confirm the horizontal center and the vertical centre of sending and receiving antenna respectively; Simultaneously; Adopt laser range finder test sending and receiving antenna opening interplanar distance to leave, assurance sending and receiving antenna mechanical zero is accurately located, through the point by point scanning of turntable wobble shaft; Confirm the electrical zero of antenna, eliminate mechanical zero and the inconsistent error of bringing of electrical zero that antenna itself possibly exist;
S2. evaluate the microwave dark room reflective level
Receiving antenna is moved on the axis direction in the dead zone, darkroom; Every interval 1cm step record receiver test level in a wavelength; Revise displacement and cause the influence of space loss incoming level; Calculate the space standing-wave ratio (SWR) on each frequency dead zone axis, thereby draw the influence amount of this frequency space reflection test level;
S3. eliminate mismatch error
Adopt sweep frequency technique, test out the standing-wave ratio (SWR) of each frequency, and calculate reflection coefficient, obtain the actual energy that accurately absorbs of antenna, eliminate the error that mismatch is brought;
S4. calibration
S41. calibrate on-axis gain and antenna factor;
S411. each building block in the calibrating installation and test cable etc. is tested;
S412. use laser level to make the mechanical zero aiming of emitting antenna (6) and receiving antenna (4);
S413. accurately measure the actual range between emitting antenna (6) and receiving antenna (4) actinal surface with laser range finder;
Receiving antenna (4) is rotated on the certain angle orientation, confirm test electrical zero center;
S415. use the signal of signal generator (8) output assigned frequency and power, the signal power that recorder machine (1) is measured;
S416. successively three antennas are positioned over reception and transmitting site, repeating step S412～step S415 obtains three group of received performance number P R12, P R23And P R31, substitution first formula
G 1 = P R 12 + P R 31 - P R 23 - ( P out - A 1 - A 2 ) 2 G 2 = P R 12 + P R 23 - P R 31 - ( P out - A 1 - A 2 ) 2 G 3 = P R 23 + P R 31 - P R 12 - ( P out - A 1 - A 2 ) 2
In the formula: G 1, G 2, G 3Be respectively the gain of three slave antennas, dB
P Out-signal generator output power, dBm
A 1The transmission attenuation of-space, dB
A 2The loss of-high frequency cable, dB
R-dual-mode antenna actinal surface distance, m
λ-carrier signal wavelength, m
Calculate the on-axis gain G of said three antennas under the situation of far field 1, G 2And G 3
S417. with described on-axis gain substitution second formula of step S416
AF = 20 lg ( 9.73 λ ) - G
In the formula: AF-antenna factor, dB/m
λ-test frequency corresponding wavelength, m
Calculate antenna factor;
S42. calibrating direction figure;
S421. export the signal of assigned frequency and power with signal generator; Receiving antenna (4) is remained unchanged on wobble shaft; On azimuth axis, rotate from-170 °～170 ° orientation, the signal power that recorder machine (1) is measured obtains power magnitude angle corresponding data table;
S422. the power P to record on the antenna axial direction 0Be RP, with the polar coordinate mode mapping, reflection receiving antenna yawing axis received power when certain angle departs from P 0Relative level, amplitude is with the decibel linear scaled;
S43. antenna cross-polarization calibration;
S431. make receiving antenna (4) identical with the polarised direction of emitting antenna (6);
S432. export the signal of assigned frequency and power with signal generator, the signal power that recorder machine (1) is measured;
S433. keep above test mode, around 90 ° ± 1 ° of calibration axis rotation emitting antenna, the signal power of recorder machine (1) measurement once more;
S434. the signal power of recorder machine (1) measurement is poor among the signal power that the recorder machine (1) among the step S432 of calculating is measured and the step S433, is the cross polarization amount of antenna to be measured.
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