CN110346304B - Optical fiber polarization spectrum analysis system based on time slot multiplexing - Google Patents
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/447—Polarisation spectrometry
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/21—Polarisation-affecting properties
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber polarization spectrum analysis system based on time slot multiplexing, which comprises a transmitting optical fiber, a polarized light splitting unit, a polarized light receiving lens group, a polarized light detection unit, a time delay optical fiber and a polarized light conversion unit, wherein the transmitting optical fiber is connected with the polarized light splitting unit; one end of the incoming optical fiber is used for inputting pulse optical signals, and the other end of the incoming optical fiber is connected with the polarized light splitting unit; the polarized light splitting unit is an inclined fiber grating and splits an input pulse light signal into P polarized light and S polarized light; the time delay optical fiber is used for generating time delay and inputting the P polarized light into the polarized light conversion unit; the polarized light conversion unit converts the P polarized light into second S polarized light, reversely transmits the second S polarized light to the polarized light splitting unit, and reflects the second S polarized light to the polarized light receiving lens group and the polarized light detection unit by metal plated at the lower end of the polarized light splitting unit. The invention has simpler and more compact structure and higher stability, is suitable for field and industrial environments with severe and complex conditions, and can carry out real-time, rapid and high-precision analysis on spectral information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical polarization analysis, and particularly relates to an optical fiber polarization spectrum analysis system based on time slot multiplexing.
Background
At present, the pace of the national industrialization and modernization process is continuously accelerated, the further development of China focuses on solving the problems of environmental pollution, food safety, medicine safety and the like, and how to carry out real-time, quick and accurate detection becomes one of the current research hotspots. Among a plurality of analysis methods, the polarization spectrum analysis has the advantages of convenient and flexible detection, high analysis speed, high detection precision, low detection cost, capability of realizing nondestructive detection of samples and the like, has great promotion and significance for realizing real-time online process analysis in food and drug production, quick detection and monitoring of environmental pollutants and the like, and is an important component for realizing modern operation and control. Compared with the chemical analysis method widely used at present, the method achieves remarkable results in the aspects of improving the production efficiency and quality.
Polarization is one of the important properties of light, which contains a lot of important information. At present, the polarization characteristic of light is applied to many fields, for example, an optical communication system utilizing polarization multiplexing breaks through the limitation of the traditional multiplexing mechanism, and the transmission rate and the transmission capacity of the system are improved in multiples; polarization information is introduced into the imaging system, images with high resolution capability can be obtained, meanwhile, some information which cannot be captured by a traditional intensity imaging system can be obtained, and the imaging effect is enhanced. By demodulating the polarization information of the reflected light of the object, some unique characteristics of the object can be obtained, and the method plays an important role in material composition analysis. By analyzing the polarization state, it is important to accurately and quickly analyze the information in the input light.
The existing spectral analysis technology is mainly used for analyzing through a spectrometer, spectral analysis of signal light is realized by rotating a light splitting component in the spectrometer, and a spectral analysis system comprises movable components, so that the seismic performance is poor, the spectrometer is not suitable for field real-time measurement and analysis in a field with a complex and severe environment, and meanwhile, the system has more optical elements, a complex light path, a high price and a high maintenance cost, and is not beneficial to wide application of spectral analysis.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a time slot multiplexing-based optical fiber polarization spectrum analysis system, and aims to solve the problems of poor stability and complex system structure caused by the fact that the existing polarization spectrum analysis system is provided with a large number of movable parts and optical elements inside.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a time slot multiplexing-based optical fiber polarization spectrum analysis system, which includes an incoming optical fiber, a polarized light splitting unit, a polarized light receiving lens group, a polarized light detecting unit, a delay optical fiber and a polarized light converting unit;
one end of the incoming optical fiber is used for inputting pulse optical signals, and the other end of the incoming optical fiber is connected with the polarized light splitting unit; the polarized light splitting unit is an inclined fiber grating, the lower end of the polarized light splitting unit is plated with metal, and an input pulse light signal is split into P polarized light parallel to the axial direction of the optical fiber and S polarized light perpendicular to the axial direction of the optical fiber; the polarized light splitting unit is arranged along the direction vertical to the axial direction of the optical fiber and is sequentially provided with a polarized light receiving lens group and a polarized light detecting unit; the time delay optical fiber is used for generating time delay and inputting the P polarized light into the polarized light conversion unit; the polarized light conversion unit converts the input P polarized light into second S polarized light, the reflected second S polarized light is reversely transmitted to the polarized light splitting unit through the delay optical fiber, and metal plated at the lower end of the polarized light splitting unit is reflected to the polarized light receiving lens group along the direction vertical to the axial direction of the optical fiber.
Preferably, the metal plated at the lower end of the tilted fiber grating is gold, and the light is transmitted to the polarized light receiving lens group in a reflection manner.
Preferably, the inclined fiber grating is located on the fast axis of the incoming optical fiber, when a pulse optical signal is transmitted to the polarized light splitting unit, the S-polarized component in the pulse optical signal is diffracted and transmitted to the polarized light receiving lens group, and the P-polarized component in the pulse optical signal is continuously transmitted to the delay optical fiber forwards.
Preferably, the tilt angle of the tilted fiber grating is 23.1 ° to 66.9 °, i.e. whatever tilt angle can generate radiation, wherein a tilt angle of 45 ° is the optimum polarization separation.
Preferably, the incoming optical fiber is a polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the polarization direction of the pulse optical signal line is ensured to be unchanged.
Preferably, the polarization conversion unit is a faraday rotator for changing the polarization direction of the input light into a perpendicular orthogonal direction, i.e. converting the input P-polarized light into the second S-polarized light, and diffracting towards the lower end when transmitting to the tilted fiber grating.
Preferably, the polarized light receiving lens group includes a cylindrical lens and a planoconvex lens, and is configured to collimate and focus the received polarized light, the planoconvex lens is located behind the cylindrical lens, a plane of the planoconvex lens is close to the cylindrical lens, and a convex surface of the planoconvex lens is located on the other side.
Preferably, the polarized light detection unit is a linear array CCD, and the spectral information of different polarization states is obtained by adopting FPGA for analysis and processing.
Preferably, the spectral information of the different polarization states comprises S-polarized light, second S-polarized light and a superposition of the two. If the expression of S polarized light is PS＝AE1The expression of the second S polarized light is PP＝BE2Then the received S-polarized light has a light intensity of A2The intensity of the second S polarized light is B2The light intensity of the two superposed is A2+B2。
Preferably, the delay fiber delays the pulse optical signal, and the delay can make the second S-polarized light component re-diffracted by the tilted fiber grating in two adjacent pulse intervals, thereby realizing time slot multiplexing. The pulse interval is long enough to allow the light reflected back through the faraday rotator to be in the pulse interval when diffracted out through the tilted grating again, thereby avoiding aliasing of the optical signal. The relationship between the length L of the delay optical fiber and the optical pulse interval delta t satisfies the following conditions:
wherein C is the propagation speed of light in vacuum, and C is 3 × 108m/s, n is the refractive index of the time delay fiber.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the optical fiber polarization spectrum analysis system provided by the invention adopts the inclined optical fiber grating with the lower end plated with gold, and converts P polarized light into S polarized light through the Faraday rotator, so that only one set of system is needed for detecting two beams of S polarized light, and the system has simpler and more compact structure and higher stability, and is suitable for field and industrial environments with severe and complicated conditions;
2. the invention adopts the inclined fiber grating with variable inclination angle as the light splitting unit, and different application wavelength ranges can be obtained by adjusting the inclination angle of the grating, thereby avoiding the defect that the traditional spectrometer needs to rotate a dispersion element to obtain wavelength scanning, and being capable of analyzing spectral information in real time, rapidly and with high precision;
3. the time delay optical fiber is adopted, the pulse optical signal is delayed, and the generated delay can enable the second S polarized light component which is re-diffracted by the inclined optical fiber grating to be in two adjacent pulse intervals, so that time slot multiplexing is realized, and aliasing is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber polarization spectroscopy system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a tilted fiber grating of the fiber polarization spectroscopy system provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the polarization degree of an optical signal of the tilted fiber grating provided by the present invention at different tilt angles.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides an optical fiber polarization spectrum analysis system based on time slot multiplexing, which comprises a transmitting optical fiber, a polarized light splitting unit, a polarized light receiving lens group, a polarized light detection unit, a time delay optical fiber and a polarized light conversion unit, wherein the transmitting optical fiber is connected with the polarized light splitting unit;
one end of the incoming optical fiber is used for inputting pulse optical signals, and the other end of the incoming optical fiber is connected with the polarized light splitting unit; the polarized light splitting unit is an inclined fiber grating, the lower end of the polarized light splitting unit is plated with high-reflectivity metal, and an input pulse light signal is split into P polarized light parallel to the axial direction of the optical fiber and S polarized light perpendicular to the axial direction of the optical fiber; the polarized light splitting unit is arranged along the direction vertical to the axial direction of the optical fiber and is sequentially provided with a polarized light receiving lens group and a polarized light detecting unit; the time delay optical fiber is used for generating time delay and inputting the P polarized light into the polarized light conversion unit; the polarized light conversion unit converts the input P polarized light into second S polarized light, the reflected second S polarized light is reversely transmitted to the polarized light splitting unit through the delay optical fiber, and metal plated at the lower end of the polarized light splitting unit is reflected to the polarized light receiving lens group along the direction vertical to the axial direction of the optical fiber.
Specifically, the metal plated at the lower end of the tilted fiber grating is gold, and light is reflected and transmitted to the polarized light receiving lens group.
Specifically, the inclined fiber grating is located on the fast axis of the incoming optical fiber, when a pulse optical signal is transmitted to the polarized light splitting unit, the S polarization component in the pulse optical signal is diffracted and transmitted to the polarized light receiving lens group, and the P polarization component in the pulse optical signal is continuously transmitted to the delay optical fiber forwards.
Specifically, the inclination angle of the inclined fiber grating is 23.1-66.9 degrees, namely, the inclination angle capable of generating radiation can be realized, wherein the inclination angle is 45 degrees, and the optimal polarization separation is realized.
Specifically, the incoming optical fiber is a polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the polarization direction of the pulse optical signal line is ensured to be unchanged.
Specifically, the polarization conversion unit is a faraday rotator for changing the polarization direction of the input light into a perpendicular orthogonal direction, i.e. converting the input P-polarized light into the second S-polarized light, and diffracting towards the lower end when transmitting to the tilted fiber grating.
Specifically, the polarized light receiving lens group comprises a cylindrical lens and a plano-convex lens, and is used for collimating and focusing received polarized light, the plano-convex lens is located behind the cylindrical lens, the plane of the plano-convex lens is close to the cylindrical lens, and the convex surface of the plano-convex lens is located on the other side.
Specifically, the polarized light detection unit is a linear array CCD, and the spectral information of different polarization states is obtained by adopting FPGA for analysis and processing.
Specifically, the spectral information of different polarization states includes S-polarized light, second S-polarized light, and a superposition of the two. If the expression of S polarized light is PS＝AE1The expression of the second S polarized light is PP＝BE2Then received S polarized lightHas a light intensity of A2The intensity of the second S polarized light is B2The light intensity of the two superposed is A2+B2。
Specifically, the delay fiber delays the pulse optical signal, and the delay can enable the second S-polarized light component re-diffracted by the tilted fiber grating to be in two adjacent pulse intervals, so that time slot multiplexing is realized. The pulse interval is long enough to allow the light reflected back through the faraday rotator to be in the pulse interval when diffracted out through the tilted grating again, thereby avoiding aliasing of the optical signal. The relationship between the length L of the delay optical fiber and the optical pulse interval delta t satisfies the following conditions:
wherein C is the propagation speed of light in vacuum, and C is 3 × 108m/s, n is the refractive index of the time delay fiber.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention includes an incoming optical fiber, a polarized light splitting unit, a polarized light receiving lens group, a polarized light detecting unit, a delay optical fiber and a faraday rotator, wherein the incoming optical fiber is a panda polarization maintaining optical fiber, one end of the incoming optical fiber is used for inputting a pulse optical signal, the other end of the incoming optical fiber is connected to the polarized light splitting unit, the polarized light splitting unit is an inclined fiber grating on the fast axis of the incoming optical fiber, and the lower end of the incoming optical fiber is plated with gold, when the pulse optical signal is transmitted to the polarized light splitting unit, an S-polarized component in the pulse optical signal is diffracted and transmitted to the polarized light receiving lens group, a P-polarized component in the optical signal is continuously transmitted to the delay optical fiber, the delay optical fiber delays the optical signal and continuously transmits the P-polarized component, the Faraday' S rotating mirror becomes the polarization direction of input light vertical orthogonal direction, can become the P polarization component that spreads into S polarization component, is also S polarized light when taking place to reflect back, diffracts to the lower extreme when transmitting to slope fiber grating department. At this time, because the lower end of the optical fiber is plated with gold, the light is reflected upwards and transmitted to the polarized light receiving lens group. The polarized light receiving lens group consists of a cylindrical lens and a plano-convex lens, can focus a received optical signal and then projects the optical signal to a polarized light detection unit, namely a linear array CCD, the pixel position on the CCD and the positions of light spots with different wavelengths have a one-to-one correspondence relationship, and spectrum information of different polarization states can be obtained after processing an output signal by using an FPGA, wherein the spectrum information comprises S polarized light after being reflected by a Faraday rotator and S polarized light after being reflected by the S polarized light and the P polarized light and superposition of the S polarized light and the P polarized light.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure and dispersion characteristics of a tilted fiber grating, which can be used to explain the spectral characteristics of the tilted fiber grating. The grating structure in the inclined fiber grating has an interface with a sudden change of refractive index, when an optical signal is transmitted to the interface with the sudden change of refractive index, polarization separation can be realized, the radiation inclined fiber grating has the capability of diffracting an S polarization component in incident light out of the optical fiber, and a P polarization component continues to be transmitted along the optical fiber. When the inclination angles of the inclined fiber gratings are different, the diffraction angles of the S polarization components are different.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the polarization degree of an optical signal of an inclined fiber grating under different inclination angles, and it can be seen that the polarization separation can be achieved when the inclination angle is 23.1 ° to 66.9 °, according to the brewster's law, the brewster angle θ is arctan [ (n + Δ n)/n ], Δ n is negligible with respect to n, at this time, the inclination angle θ is about 45 °, so that the inclined fiber grating of 45 ° is the optimal polarization separation.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An optical fiber polarization spectrum analysis system based on time slot multiplexing is characterized by comprising an incoming optical fiber, a polarized light splitting unit, a polarized light receiving lens group, a polarized light detection unit, a time delay optical fiber and a polarized light conversion unit;
one end of the incoming optical fiber is used for inputting pulse optical signals, and the other end of the incoming optical fiber is connected with the polarized light splitting unit; the polarized light splitting unit is an inclined fiber grating, the lower end of the polarized light splitting unit is plated with metal, the inclination angle is 23.1-66.9 degrees, and an input pulse light signal is split into P polarized light parallel to the axial direction of the optical fiber and S polarized light perpendicular to the axial direction of the optical fiber; the polarized light splitting unit is arranged along the direction vertical to the axial direction of the optical fiber and is sequentially provided with the polarized light receiving lens group and the polarized light detecting unit; the time delay optical fiber is used for generating time delay and inputting P polarized light into the polarized light conversion unit; the polarized light conversion unit converts the input P polarized light into second S polarized light, the reflected second S polarized light is reversely transmitted to the polarized light splitting unit through the delay optical fiber, and metal plated at the lower end of the polarized light splitting unit is reflected to the polarized light receiving lens group along the direction vertical to the axial direction of the optical fiber;
the relationship between the length L of the delay optical fiber and the optical pulse interval delta t satisfies the following condition:
wherein C is the propagation speed of light in vacuum, and C is 3 × 108m/s, n is the refractive index of the time delay fiber.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the metal plated on the lower end of the tilted fiber grating is gold.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the tilted fiber grating is located on an incoming fiber fast axis.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the incoming optical fiber is a polarization maintaining fiber, and the polarization direction of the pulsed optical signal line is guaranteed to be unchanged.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the polarization conversion unit is a faraday rotator mirror for converting the polarization direction of the input light into a perpendicular orthogonal direction, i.e. converting the input P-polarized light into the second S-polarized light.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the polarized light receiving lens group comprises a cylindrical lens and a plano-convex lens for collimating and focusing the received polarized light, the plano-convex lens is located behind the cylindrical lens, the plano-convex lens is located close to the cylindrical lens in a plane, and a convex surface is located on the other side.
7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the polarized light detection unit is a linear array CCD, and the FPGA is used for analyzing and processing to obtain spectral information of different polarization states.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the spectral information of different polarization states comprises S-polarized light, a second S-polarized light, and a superposition of the two.
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| CN100384036C (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2008-04-23 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Optical fiber polarized super-fluorescent light source |
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