CN109884657B - High-speed high-flux particle velocity measurement system based on optical time stretching - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model provides a high-speed high flux particle speed measurement system based on optics time is tensile, including light source (1) that connects gradually, time stretch module (2), space mapping module (3), amplifier (4), beam splitter (5), the output of beam splitter (5) is two way outputs, divide into branch road (6) and lower branch road (7), the branch road is connected with spectral analysis appearance (8) on the output of beam splitter (5), the branch road is connected with photoelectric detector (9) and data acquisition treater (10) under the output of beam splitter (5). The system completes high-speed line scanning of the particles by applying an optical time stretching technology, breaks through the speed limit and the flux limit of the conventional particle speed measurement method, and effectively improves the upper speed limit and the detection flux of particle speed measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectricity, and relates to a high-speed high-flux particle velocity measurement system based on optical time stretching.
Background
Particle flow rate detection has important applications in actual life, production and scientific research, for example, disease detection, internal combustion engine fuel injection control and particle electrophoretic mobility measurement, and the realization of high-speed and high-flux particle velocity measurement is a key problem and a long-standing challenge.
Currently, for Particle Velocimetry, common techniques include Laser Doppler Velocimetry (Laser Doppler Velocimetry) and Particle Image Velocimetry (Particle Image Velocimetry). The laser Doppler velocimeter uses Doppler frequency shift generated when light strikes on moving particles to complete particle velocity measurement, and is currently applied to the field of biomedicine for disease detection (M, Stucker, V, Baier, T, Reuther, K, Hoffmann, K, Kellam, and P, Altmeyer, Capillary blood cell level in human skin membranes located continuous particulate to the skin surface: measured by a new laser Doppler analyzer, microvasculator Research,52: 188-. However, the range of detection for the speed of particles is limited, and when the flow rate is high, the laser power needs to be increased, which may cause damage to the detection unit, and in addition, signal processing is difficult due to the high frequency of the signal.
The particle image velocimeter obtains the instantaneous speed of the particles by an optical imaging method. It uses a sheet-like pulsed laser to irradiate the detection area, and a built-in CCD camera continuously exposes and captures the position of the particles. The particle image velocimeter calculates the position change of the particles captured by two adjacent exposures to obtain the displacement, and then divides the displacement by the exposure time interval of the CCD camera to obtain the particle velocity (R.J. Adrian, two years of particle image velocimetry, Experiments in Fluids,39:159-169 (2005)). However, in the data reading mode of the conventional CCD camera, each unit sensor collects photons and converts the photons into electrons until the charges accumulated in the entire sensor array are read out, which limits the data transmission speed of the entire system, and in addition, due to the limitation of the shutter speed of the CCD camera, the particle image velocimeter cannot be applied to high-speed high-flux particle detection, and the use of the high-speed CCD camera greatly increases the hardware cost.
Obviously, the method has important significance and application prospect for high-speed and high-flux particle velocity measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the speed measurement of high-speed and high-flux particles cannot be completed in the technology, the invention provides a high-speed and high-flux particle speed measurement system based on optical time stretching.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a high-speed high-flux particle velocity measurement system based on optical time stretching comprises a light source, a time stretching module, a space mapping module, an amplifier and a beam splitter which are sequentially connected, wherein the output end of the beam splitter is provided with two paths of output and is divided into an upper branch and a lower branch, the upper output branch of the beam splitter is connected with a spectrum analyzer, and the lower output branch of the beam splitter is connected with a photoelectric detector and a data acquisition processor; the method is characterized in that:
the light source is used for generating light pulses with wide spectrum and narrow pulse width;
the time stretching module is used for mapping the spectral information of the light pulses to the time domain waveforms one by one to realize the time-wavelength mapping of the light pulses;
the space mapping module is used for collimating and outputting the optical pulse subjected to time-wavelength mapping to a space, performing spatial dispersion on the optical pulse at the same time, forming linear light beams by different emergent angles of different wavelength components of the optical pulse, encoding spatial information of particles flowing through the detection unit onto a spectrum of the linear light beams to realize space-wavelength mapping of the optical pulse, and then re-coupling the optical pulse in the space into an optical fiber;
the amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the optical pulse;
the beam splitter is used for splitting the optical pulse into an upper branch and a lower branch;
the spectrum analyzer is used for observing the spectrum of the light pulse;
the photoelectric detector is used for converting the optical signal of the optical pulse into an electric signal;
and the data acquisition processor is used for sampling and quantifying the electric signals, finishing data processing and calculating the particle speed.
Further, the time stretching module comprises one of a single-mode dispersion compensation fiber, a multimode fiber and a chirped fiber bragg grating.
Further, the spatial mapping module includes one of a transmissive spatial mapping module and a reflective spatial mapping module.
Further, the transmission-type spatial mapping module includes an optical fiber collimator, a first spatial dispersion module, a first microscope objective, a detection unit, a second microscope objective, a second spatial dispersion module, and a spatial light-optical fiber coupler, where the optical fiber collimator is configured to output a light pulse to a space in a collimated manner, the first spatial dispersion module is configured to realize a spatial dispersion of the light pulse, the first microscope objective is located between the first spatial dispersion module and the detection unit, and has a field of view capable of covering a microchannel of the detection unit, the detection unit is configured to load a particle to be detected and is capable of controlling the particle to move to a detection position, when the particle flows through an irradiation region of the linear light beam, spatial information of the particle is encoded onto a spectrum of the linear light beam, so as to complete line scanning and realize spatial-wavelength mapping of the light pulse, and the second microscope objective is located on a side of the first microscope objective facing away from the detection unit, the backward linear light beam can be collected to the second spatial dispersion module, the second spatial dispersion module is used for inversely dispersing the linear light beam into a point-shaped light pulse, and the spatial light-optical fiber coupler is used for coupling the light pulse into an optical fiber.
Further, the reflective spatial mapping module includes a fiber circulator, a fiber collimator, a first spatial dispersion module, a first microscope objective, a detection unit, a second microscope objective, and a reflector, where the fiber circulator is configured to transmit the optical pulse from the time stretching module to the fiber collimator and transmit the optical pulse from the fiber collimator to the amplifier, the fiber collimator is configured to collimate the optical pulse to space and couple the reflected optical pulse into an optical fiber, the first spatial dispersion module is configured to implement spatial dispersion of the optical pulse, the first microscope objective is located between the first spatial dispersion module and the detection unit, a field of view of the first microscope objective can cover a micro-channel of the detection unit, and the detection unit is configured to load a particle to be detected and can control the particle to move to a detection position, when the particles flow through the linear light beam irradiation area, the spatial information of the particles is coded on the spectrum of the linear light beam to complete linear scanning, and the spatial-wavelength mapping of the light pulse is realized.
Further, the detection unit includes one of a microfluidic chip and a capillary tube.
Further, the first spatial dispersion module comprises one of a prism, a reticle diffraction grating and a virtual image phase array.
Further, the second spatial dispersion module comprises one of a prism, a reticle diffraction grating and a virtual image phase array.
Further, the amplifier comprises at least one of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a distributed Raman amplifier and a semiconductor optical amplifier.
Further, the data acquisition processor comprises one of a real-time oscilloscope, a data acquisition card and a field programmable gate array.
The invention has the advantages that the optical time stretching technology is applied to the particle speed detection, the high-speed line scanning of the particles is realized, the defects of low speed detection upper limit value and low flux detection when the particles are detected by an electric impedance technology or a CCD camera are avoided, the upper limit value of the particle speed detection is effectively improved, the current speed of the particles flowing through the particles can be output in real time, and the detection flux of the particles is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a high-speed high-throughput particle velocimetry system based on optical time stretching;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of the time stretching module, the transmission-type spatial mapping module, and the amplifier;
FIG. 3 is a time domain waveform of a light pulse recorded by a data acquisition processor without encoding particle spatial information;
FIG. 4 is a time domain waveform of a light pulse encoded with particle spatial information recorded by a data acquisition processor;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of the time stretching module, the reflective spatial mapping module, and the amplifier;
description of reference numerals: 1. the system comprises a light source, 2 a time stretching module, 3 a space mapping module, 4 an amplifier, 5 a beam splitter, 6 an upper branch, 7 a lower branch, 8 a spectrum analyzer, 9 a photoelectric detector, 10 a data acquisition processor, 11 a single-mode dispersion compensation optical fiber, 12 an optical fiber collimator, 13 a first groove diffraction grating, 14 a first microscope objective, 15 a micro-fluidic chip, 16 a second microscope objective, 17 a second groove diffraction grating, 18 a space light-optical fiber coupler, 19 an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, 20 an optical fiber circulator and 21 a reflector.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The invention relates to a high-speed high-flux particle velocity measurement system based on optical time stretching, which comprises a light source 1, a time stretching module 2, a space mapping module 3, an amplifier 4 and a beam splitter 5 which are sequentially connected, wherein the output end of the beam splitter is provided with two paths of output and is divided into an upper branch 6 and a lower branch 7, the upper output branch of the beam splitter is connected with a spectrum analyzer 8, and the lower output branch of the beam splitter is connected with a photoelectric detector 9 and a data acquisition processor 10.
The invention relates to a working principle of a high-speed high-flux particle velocity measurement system based on optical time stretching, which comprises the following steps: the light source 1 outputs a light pulse having a broad spectrum and a narrow pulse width. The optical pulse is stretched after passing through the time stretching module 2, and the spectral information is mapped to the time domain waveform one by one, so that the time-wavelength mapping of the optical pulse is realized, which is also called time stretching, wherein the stretching multiple is D, and D is the dispersion amount of the time stretching module 2. The light pulse after time-wavelength mapping is output to the space by the space mapping module 3, the particle space information is coded on the spectrum of the light pulse, the space-wavelength mapping of the light pulse is realized, and then the light pulse is coupled into the optical fiber. The amplifier 4 receives the light pulse from the spatial mapping module 3 and amplifies its power to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The beam splitter 5 branches the power-amplified optical pulses to an upper arm 6 and a lower arm 7, respectively. The spectrum analyzer 8 connected to the upper branch 6 is used to observe the spectrum of the received light pulses. The photoelectric detector 9 connected with the lower branch 7 in sequence converts the optical signal of the optical pulse into an electric signal, and the data acquisition processor 10 samples and quantizes the electric signal, completes data processing and calculates the particle speed.
Example 1
The light pulse output from the light source 1 used in this embodiment has a center wavelength of 1560nm, a bandwidth of 15nm, and a pulse repetition frequency of 25 MHz.
As shown in fig. 2, the time stretching module 2 includes a single-mode dispersion compensation fiber 11 with a dispersion amount of 1200ps/nm, and is disposed on the light outgoing side of the light source 1, and is configured to map the spectral information of the optical pulse to the time domain waveform thereof one by one, thereby completing the time-wavelength mapping of the optical pulse. The space mapping module 3 adopted in the embodiment comprises a transmission type space mapping module, is output to the space by the optical fiber collimator 12, enters the first groove diffraction grating 13 with the groove density of 1200lines/mm at an incidence angle of 80 degrees, and is based on the grating formula
Wherein theta is1Is the angle of incidence, θ, of the light pulse2Is the angle of emergence of the light pulse, k is the diffraction order, and λ is the wave of the light pulseLength, d is the scribe density, and in the first diffraction order, the exit angles of the different wavelength components of the optical pulse are different (61.4 ° to 63.7 °), and spatial dispersion occurs, forming a linear beam. The linear light beam is focused on the micro-fluidic chip 15 through the first micro objective 14 with the amplification factor of 40 and the numerical aperture of 0.6, when particles flow through the irradiation area of the linear light beam, the spatial information of the particles is encoded on the spectrum of the linear light beam, the space-wavelength mapping of the light pulse is completed, the second micro objective 16 with the amplification factor of 40 and the numerical aperture of 0.6 collects the back-to-linear light beam to the second reticle diffraction grating 17 with the reticle density of 1200lines/mm, the linear light beam is subjected to inverse dispersion into point-shaped light pulses through the second reticle diffraction grating 17 at the exit angle of the first reticle diffraction grating 13, and the spatial light-fiber coupler 18 couples the light pulse in the space into the optical fiber. And the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 19 receives the optical pulse from the spatial mapping module 3 and amplifies the power of the optical pulse to 18dbm so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
As shown in fig. 1, the beam splitter 5 receives the optical pulse from the amplifier 4 at a splitting ratio of 90: 10 branch to the upper branch 6 and the lower branch 7, respectively. The spectrum analyzer 8 connected to the upper arm 6 is used to observe the spectrum of the light pulse. The photoelectric detectors 9 connected with the lower branch 7 in sequence convert the optical signals of the optical pulses into electric signals, and the data acquisition processor 10 comprises a real-time oscilloscope with a sampling rate of 40GS/s to sample and quantize the electric signals and complete data processing.
The process by which the data acquisition processor 10 performs data processing and calculates particle velocity is described as follows: as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the time domain waveform of the light pulse without particle spatial information coding is obviously different from the time domain waveform of the light pulse coded by particle spatial information, the recess in the waveform shown in fig. 4 is the spatial information of the particles flowing through the microfluidic chip 15, and the line scanning of the high-speed high-flux particle velocity measurement system based on optical time stretching on the particles is completed when the particles flow from top to bottom. The rate of line scanning is the pulse repetition frequency of the light source 1. It is clear that the smaller the particle velocity, the longer it will take to flow through the line scan region, and the greater the number of particle-space information encoded time domain waveforms that will ultimately be recorded by the data acquisition processor 10. Conversely, when the particle velocity is greater, the number of spatially encoded waveforms recorded by the data acquisition processor 10 will be less and therefore may pass
The particle velocity is calculated where v is the particle velocity, L is the width of the depression of the time domain waveform of the spatially encoded light pulse, N is the actual spatial distance per unit length of the time domain waveform of the light pulse, which is obtained from particle analysis measuring a standard diameter, N is the number of spatially encoded time domain waveforms recorded by the data acquisition processor 10, and f is the pulse repetition frequency of the light source 1. Because the pulse repetition frequency of the light source 1 is 25MHz, namely the linear scanning speed of the system is up to 25MHz, the high-speed and high-flux particle velocity measurement can be realized.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the spatial mapping module 3 adopted in the present embodiment includes a reflective spatial mapping module.
As shown in fig. 5, the time stretching module 2 includes a single-mode dispersion compensation fiber 11 with a dispersion amount of 1200ps/nm, and is disposed on the light outgoing side of the light source 1 for mapping the spectral information of the light pulse to the time domain waveform thereof one by one, thereby completing the time-wavelength mapping of the light pulse. The spatial mapping module 3 adopted in this embodiment includes a reflective spatial mapping module, the optical pulse from the single-mode dispersion compensation fiber 11 is transmitted to the fiber collimator 12 by the fiber circulator 20, and is output to the space by the fiber collimator 12, and enters the first reticle diffraction grating 13 with the reticle density of 1200lines/mm at an incident angle of 80 °, and according to the grating formula (1), the exit angles of different wavelength components of the optical pulse are different (61.4 ° to 63.7 °) at the first diffraction order, so that spatial dispersion occurs, and a linear light beam is formed. The linear light beam is focused on the micro-fluidic chip 15 through the first micro-objective 14 with the magnification of 40 and the numerical aperture of 0.6, when the particles flow through the irradiation area of the linear light beam, the spatial information of the particles is encoded on the spectrum of the linear light beam to complete the space-wavelength mapping of the light pulse, the second micro-objective 16 with the magnification of 40 and the numerical aperture of 0.6 collects the back-to-linear light beam to the reflector 21, the reflector 21 is used for reflecting the linear light beam and enabling the linear light beam to return along the original light path, the light pulse is coupled into the optical fiber through the optical fiber collimator 12 after passing through the second micro-objective 16, the micro-fluidic chip 15, the first micro-objective 14 and the first groove diffraction grating 13, and the light pulse is transmitted to the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 19 through the.
According to the specific embodiment, the invention provides the high-speed high-flux particle velocity measurement system based on optical time stretching, the optical time stretching technology is applied to complete high-speed linear scanning of the particles, the upper limit value of particle velocity detection is improved, the current velocity of the particles flowing through the system can be output in real time, the particle detection flux is improved, and the system has a wide application prospect.
Claims (5)
1. A high-speed high-flux particle speed measurement system based on optical time stretching comprises a light source (1), a time stretching module (2), a space mapping module (3), an amplifier (4) and a beam splitter (5) which are sequentially connected, wherein the output end of the beam splitter (5) is provided with two paths of output and is divided into an upper branch (6) and a lower branch (7), the upper output branch of the beam splitter (5) is connected with a spectrum analyzer (8), and the lower output branch of the beam splitter (5) is connected with a photoelectric detector (9) and a data acquisition processor (10); the method is characterized in that:
the light source (1) is used for generating light pulses with wide spectrum and narrow pulse width;
the time stretching module (2) is used for mapping the spectral information of the light pulses to the time domain waveforms one by one to realize the time-wavelength mapping of the light pulses;
the space mapping module (3) is used for collimating and outputting the optical pulse subjected to time-wavelength mapping to a space, performing spatial dispersion on the optical pulse at the same time, forming linear light beams by different emergent angles of different wavelength components of the optical pulse, encoding the spatial information of the particles flowing through the detection unit onto the spectrum of the particles to realize the space-wavelength mapping of the optical pulse, and then re-coupling the optical pulse in the space into an optical fiber;
the amplifier (4) is used for amplifying the power of the optical pulse;
the beam splitter (5) is used for splitting the optical pulse into an upper branch (6) and a lower branch (7);
the spectrum analyzer (8) for observing the spectrum of the light pulse;
the photoelectric detector (9) is used for converting an optical signal of the optical pulse into an electric signal;
the data acquisition processor (10) is used for sampling and quantifying the electric signals, finishing data processing and calculating the particle speed;
wherein the time stretching module (2) comprises one of a single-mode dispersion compensation fiber, a multimode fiber and a chirped fiber Bragg grating;
wherein the spatial mapping module (3) comprises one of a transmissive spatial mapping module and a reflective spatial mapping module;
the transmission type space mapping module comprises an optical fiber collimator, a first space dispersion module, a first microscope objective, a detection unit, a second microscope objective, a second space dispersion module and a space optical-fiber coupler, wherein the optical fiber collimator is used for realizing the collimation output of optical pulses to the space, the first space dispersion module is used for realizing the space dispersion of the optical pulses, the first microscope objective is positioned between the first space dispersion module and the detection unit, the visual field of the first microscope objective can cover the microchannel of the detection unit, the detection unit is used for loading particles to be detected and can control the particles to move to a detection position, when the particles flow through the irradiation area of the linear light beam, the space information of the particles is coded on the spectrum of the linear light beam to realize the space-wavelength mapping of the optical pulses, and the second microscope objective is positioned at one side of the first microscope objective, which is far away from the detection unit, the backward linear light beam can be collected to the second spatial dispersion module, the second spatial dispersion module is used for carrying out inverse dispersion on the linear light beam into a point-shaped light pulse, and the spatial light-optical fiber coupler is used for realizing the coupling of the light pulse into an optical fiber;
the reflective space mapping module comprises a fiber circulator, a fiber collimator, a first spatial dispersion module, a first microscope objective, a detection unit, a second microscope objective and a reflector, the fiber circulator is used for transmitting the light pulse from the time stretching module (2) to the fiber collimator and transmitting the light pulse from the fiber collimator to the amplifier (4), the fiber collimator is used for realizing the light pulse collimation output to the space and coupling the reflected light pulse into the optical fiber, the first spatial dispersion module is used for realizing the light pulse spatial dispersion, the first microscope objective is positioned between the first spatial dispersion module and the detection unit, the visual field of the first microscope objective can cover the micro-channel of the detection unit, and the detection unit is used for loading the particles to be detected and controlling the particles to move to the detection position, when the particles flow through the linear light beam irradiation area, the spatial information of the particles is coded on the spectrum of the linear light beam to complete linear scanning, and the spatial-wavelength mapping of the light pulse is realized.
2. The high-speed high-flux particle velocimetry system based on optical time stretching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detection unit comprises a microfluidic chip or a capillary tube.
3. The high-speed high-flux particle velocimetry system based on optical time stretching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first spatial dispersion module comprises one of a prism, a reticle diffraction grating, a virtual image phase array.
4. The high-speed high-flux particle velocimetry system based on optical time stretching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second spatial dispersion module comprises one of a prism, a reticle diffraction grating, a virtual image phase array.
5. A high speed high flux particle velocimetry system based on optical time stretching as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said amplifier (4) comprises at least one of erbium doped fiber amplifier, distributed raman amplifier, semiconductor optical amplifier.
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Effective date of registration: 20231030 Address after: 318050 No.1 Forum Road, Lubei Street, Luqiao District, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province (self declared) Patentee after: Zhejiang Keyu Optoelectronic Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100029, No. 15 East Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing Patentee before: BEIJING University OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY |