CN110344408B - Energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing method for anchor head of anchor rod - Google Patents
Energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing method for anchor head of anchor rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN110344408B CN110344408B CN201910630975.5A CN201910630975A CN110344408B CN 110344408 B CN110344408 B CN 110344408B CN 201910630975 A CN201910630975 A CN 201910630975A CN 110344408 B CN110344408 B CN 110344408B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/08—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against transmission of vibrations or movements in the foundation soil
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
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Abstract
An energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing method for an anchor head of an anchor rod comprises the following steps: step 1, placing an anchor rod; step 2, installing a spring cushion layer; step 3, mounting a spring; step 4, installing a fixing nut, and fixing an anchor rod: firstly, compressing the spring to a proper position, and then welding the fixing nut and the spring; step 5, installing a friction damper and a sleeve: firstly, attaching a friction damper to the surface of a fixing nut; then wrapping the sleeve on the outer surface of the friction damper, screwing the sleeve tightening structure through a bolt to realize the assembly of the sleeve, and controlling the friction resistance of the friction damper by controlling the tightening force of the sleeve tightening structure; finally, fixing the sleeve on the concrete lattice beam by using an expansion bolt; the invention can consume and absorb earthquake energy at the end of the anchor rod to the maximum extent, reduce the impact of the earthquake energy on the end of the anchor rod, avoid the stress surge of the end of the anchor rod and improve the working performance of the anchor rod.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to an energy absorption and shock absorption method for an anchor head of an anchor rod.
Background
With the advancement and development of the infrastructure of China, a large number of road, railway, municipal administration, water conservancy and other infrastructures built or newly built inevitably have a large number of side slopes to be supported, and various side slope retaining and protecting measures are also developed endlessly. The concrete lattice beam is usually combined with an anchor rod to support a slope body to form a lattice beam and anchor rod combined supporting structure, and the lattice beam and anchor rod combined supporting is a typical flexible structure widely adopted in the field of geotechnical engineering.
The previous earthquake research and dynamic tests show that: for a traditional lattice beam and anchor rod combined supporting structure, the end of an anchor rod is easy to have a stress surge phenomenon under the action of an earthquake, namely, an additional stress which sharply increases is generated, the anchor rod at the end is over stressed to generate yielding and even be broken, and further engineering accidents such as supporting and retaining structure failure and road interruption are caused.
Patent document CN201410483046 discloses an extrusion and friction type energy absorption anchor rod, which comprises an anchor rod body and a sleeve, wherein an energy absorption lining pipe is arranged in the sleeve, the tail end of the sleeve is fixedly connected with a tail end clamp, and the head end of the sleeve is fixedly connected with an anti-entry nut; the head end of the anchor rod body is arranged in the sleeve outside the energy-absorbing lining pipe, the tail end of the anchor rod body sequentially penetrates through the energy-absorbing lining pipe and the tail end clamp and is arranged outside the tail end clamp, the extrusion and friction type energy-absorbing anchor rod further comprises a pre-tightening nut and an anchor rod tray, and the problems that the existing telescopic anchor rod is low in bearing capacity and unbalanced in constant resistance and large deformation function are solved. However, when an earthquake or the like easily generates an additional stress which sharply increases, the problem that the anchor rod at the anchor head is buckled or even broken due to the overlarge stress still cannot be solved.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a method of absorbing energy and shock at the anchor head of an anchor rod.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing method for an anchor head of an anchor rod, which aims to solve the problems that the anchor head of the anchor rod is easy to generate suddenly increased additional stress under the action of an earthquake, the anchor rod at the anchor head is over stressed to generate yield and even be broken, and further engineering accidents such as supporting structure failure, road interruption and the like are caused.
The technical scheme of the invention is a method for absorbing energy and shock at the anchor head of an anchor rod,
firstly, designing an anchor rod and anchor head device, wherein the anchor rod and anchor head device comprises an anchor rod, a fixing nut, a friction type damper, a sleeve, a spring cushion layer, an expansion bolt and a sleeve tightening structure; the anchor rod is provided with an external thread at a position close to the upper end, the fixing nut is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread on the anchor rod, a spring is arranged below the fixing nut and on the radial outer side of the anchor rod, a spring cushion layer is arranged below the spring, and two ends of the spring are respectively and fixedly connected to the fixing nut and the spring cushion layer; the friction type damper is arranged on the radial outer side of the fixing nut and formed by overlapping a plurality of layers of friction sheets arranged radially inwards and outwards, the inner side face of the innermost friction sheet of the friction type damper is attached to the outer side face of the fixing nut, and the outer side face of the outermost friction sheet of the friction type damper is attached to the inner wall face of the sleeve; the sleeve consists of two semi-cylinders, the two semi-cylinders are tightened by a sleeve tightening structure so as to adjust the friction force between the friction plates inside the friction type damper, a tray with holes is fixedly and outwardly arranged at the bottom of the sleeve in the radial direction, a plurality of expansion bolts are used for fixing a spring cushion layer, and the expansion bolts are used for fixing the tray with the holes so as to fix the sleeve;
the method comprises the following steps:
Further, before the step 1, the method further comprises: and cleaning sundries on the concrete lattice beam.
Furthermore, the friction type damper is made of asbestos friction materials or powder metallurgy friction materials.
Furthermore, lines which are matched with each other are arranged between the inner side face of the innermost friction plate and the outer side face of the fixing nut and between the outer side face of the outermost friction plate and the inner wall face of the sleeve, so that the inner side face of the innermost friction plate and the outer side face of the fixing nut, the outer side face of the outermost friction plate and the inner wall face of the sleeve cannot generate relative displacement after being fixed.
Further, the top of the sleeve is also provided with a cover plate.
Furthermore, the friction damper is composed of 5-8 layers of semi-cylindrical friction plates, and the thickness of each layer of friction plate is 1-5 mm.
Further, the sleeve hooping structure is arranged on the sleeve and comprises hooping rings respectively arranged on two sides of the two semi-cylinders, the two semi-cylinders of the sleeve relatively enclose a cylinder in use, and the two bolts respectively penetrate through the hooping rings respectively arranged on the two semi-cylinders to hoop the sleeve tightly.
Furthermore, the sleeve hooping structure comprises two half hoops, the two half hoops are semicircular, and the sleeve is hooped tightly through bolts after the two half hoops are closed.
Further, the sleeve and the perforated tray are integrally arranged.
Furthermore, two ends of the spring are respectively welded on the fixing nut and the spring cushion layer.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
the invention improves the fixing mode of the anchor head of the anchor rod, namely, a sleeve is arranged on the concrete beam, the friction type damper is clamped between the fixing nut and the sleeve, and the high-strength spring is arranged between the fixing nut and the concrete beam. During earthquake action, the concrete frame beam and anchor rod combined retaining structure can vibrate, the end head of the anchor rod can displace back and forth along the direction of the rod body of the anchor rod, so that the axial relative displacement between the fixing nut and the sleeve is driven, the friction type damper fixed between the fixing nut and the sleeve can generate dislocation deformation, and the friction force between the friction plates in the friction type damper always performs negative work, so that a great deal of earthquake energy is consumed. Meanwhile, the high-strength spring between the fixing nut and the concrete lattice beam can convert seismic energy into elastic potential energy in the stretching and compressing processes, so that the fixing nut further generates back-and-forth relative displacement with the inner wall of the sleeve, the friction force in the friction type damper is continuously promoted to do negative work, and the seismic energy is lost. Therefore, the earthquake energy can be consumed and absorbed to the maximum extent at the end of the anchor rod, the impact of the earthquake energy on the end of the anchor rod is reduced, the stress surge of the end of the anchor rod is avoided, and the working performance of the anchor rod is improved.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rock bolt and anchor head assembly provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock bolt and anchor head device provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of the internal structure of an anchor head assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a friction-type damper provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a spring washer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a sleeve; 2. a friction-type damper; 3. fixing a nut; 4. a high-strength spring; 5. a spring cushion layer; 6. an anchor rod; 7. an expansion bolt; 8. the sleeve is tightly hooped; 9. a cover plate; 10. a concrete lattice beam; 11. the expansion bolt passes through the hole; 12. a spring cushion layer preformed hole; 13. a tray with holes.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1
A method for absorbing energy and shock at the anchor head of an anchor rod,
firstly, designing an anchor rod and anchor head device, wherein the anchor rod and anchor head device comprises an anchor rod 6, a fixing nut 3, a friction type damper 2, a sleeve 1, a spring 4, a spring cushion layer 5, an expansion bolt 7 and a sleeve tightening structure 8; an external thread is arranged at the position, close to the upper end, of the anchor rod 6, an internal thread matched with the external thread on the anchor rod 6 is arranged on the fixing nut 3, a spring 4 is arranged below the fixing nut 3 and on the radial outer side of the anchor rod, a spring cushion layer 5 is arranged below the spring 4, and two ends of the spring 4 are fixedly connected to the fixing nut 3 and the spring cushion layer 5 respectively; the friction damper 2 is arranged on the radial outer side of the fixing nut 3, the friction damper 2 is formed by overlapping a plurality of layers of friction plates which are arranged radially inwards and outwards, the inner side surface of the innermost friction plate of the friction damper 2 is attached to the outer side surface of the fixing nut 3, and the outer side surface of the outermost friction plate of the friction damper 2 is attached to the inner wall surface of the sleeve 1; the sleeve 1 is composed of two half cylinders, the sleeve 1 is tightened by a sleeve tightening structure 8 to further adjust the friction force between friction plates inside the friction type damper 2, a perforated tray 13 is fixedly and outwardly arranged at the bottom of the sleeve 1 in the radial direction in an extending mode, a plurality of expansion bolts 7 are used for fixing the spring cushion layer 5, and the plurality of expansion bolts 7 are used for fixing the perforated tray 13 and further used for fixing the sleeve 1. The sleeve 1 and the perforated tray 13 are integrally arranged.
The method comprises the following steps:
The anchor rod end 6 penetrates through the high-strength spring 4, and in order to prevent the stress concentration phenomenon caused by point contact between the high-strength spring 4 and the concrete lattice beam 10, a spring cushion layer 5 is arranged at the contact part of the high-strength spring and the concrete lattice beam. The spring cushion layer 5 is fixed on the concrete lattice beam 10 by adopting expansion bolts 7, and the high-strength spring 4 is connected with the spring cushion layer 5 into a whole in a welding mode. The spring cushion layer 5 is an annular metal plate, a hole in the middle is a reserved hole 12 for the anchor rod 6 to pass through, and a plurality of expansion bolts pass through the holes 11 on the metal plate and are used for fixing the spring cushion layer 5 by the expansion bolts 7.
When an earthquake occurs, the fixing screw cap 3 enables the end of the linkage anchor rod 6 to move back and forth along the extension direction of the rod body of the anchor rod 6, and the high-strength spring 4 is stretched or compressed along with the end of the linkage anchor rod 6, so that the earthquake energy is converted into elastic potential energy, and the fixing screw cap 3 is enabled to enable the end of the linkage anchor rod 6 to move back and forth.
The friction type damper 2 is made of asbestos friction materials, powder metallurgy friction materials or other materials with friction energy dissipation effects. The asbestos friction material is prepared by adding a proper amount of filler into asbestos fibers, taking resin as an adhesive and adopting a hot pressing process. The powder metallurgy friction material is a composite material produced by taking metal or alloy as a base body, adding a friction component and a lubrication component, and carrying out mixing, forming, sintering and other processes, is a mixture of a plurality of independent substances embedded in the metal or alloy base body, and is a powder metallurgy friction material for example.
Before the step 1, the method further comprises the following steps: and cleaning sundries on the concrete lattice beam 10.
The inner side surface of the innermost friction plate of the friction type damper 2 is attached to the outer side surface of the fixing nut 3, and two surfaces attached to each other are provided with grains matched with each other, so that relative displacement cannot be generated between the fixing nut 3 and the innermost friction plate of the tightly attached friction type damper 2.
The series of friction plates in the friction type damper 2 have a compressive stress and a frictional force, and may be misaligned with each other. The friction plates in the friction type damper 2 are not connected but are sleeved between the fixing nut 3 and the sleeve 1. Under the action of an earthquake, if the end of the anchor rod 6 displaces, the friction type damper 2 is driven to be dislocated through the fixing nut 3, and friction plates in the friction type damper 2 are made to rub with each other to do work to consume earthquake energy.
The number of layers of the friction plates in the friction type damper 2 is more than two, preferably, the friction type damper 2 is composed of 5-8 layers of semi-cylindrical friction plates, and the thickness of each layer of the friction plate is 1-5 mm.
The outer side surface of the outermost side friction plate of the friction damper 2 is attached to the inner wall surface of the sleeve 1, and mutually-matched grains are arranged on the two surfaces which are attached to each other, so that relative displacement cannot be generated between the sleeve 1 and the outermost side friction plate of the closely-attached friction damper 2.
The top of the sleeve 1 is also provided with a cover plate 9, and the cover plate 9 is used for protecting the end head of the anchor rod 6.
In a specific embodiment, the sleeve tightening structure 8 is disposed on the sleeve 1, and includes tightening rings respectively disposed on two sides of the two half cylinders, when in use, the two half cylinders of the sleeve 1 relatively enclose a cylinder, and two bolts respectively penetrate through the tightening rings respectively disposed on the two half cylinders to tighten the sleeve 1.
In a specific embodiment, the sleeve tightening structure 8 includes two half hoops, both of which are semi-circular, and the sleeve 1 is tightened by bolts after being closed.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for absorbing energy and shock at the anchor head of an anchor rod,
firstly, designing an anchor rod and anchor head device, wherein the anchor rod and anchor head device comprises an anchor rod (6), a fixing nut (3), a friction type damper (2), a sleeve (1), a spring (4), a spring cushion layer (5), an expansion bolt (7) and a sleeve tightening structure (8); an external thread is arranged at the position, close to the upper end, of the anchor rod (6), an internal thread matched with the external thread on the anchor rod (6) is arranged on the fixing nut (3), a spring (4) is arranged below the fixing nut (3) and on the radial outer side of the anchor rod, a spring cushion layer (5) is arranged below the spring (4), and two ends of the spring (4) are fixedly connected to the fixing nut (3) and the spring cushion layer (5) respectively; the friction damper (2) is arranged on the radial outer side of the fixing nut (3), the friction damper (2) is formed by overlapping multiple layers of friction plates which are arranged radially inwards and outwards, the inner side surface of the innermost friction plate of the friction damper (2) is attached to the outer side surface of the fixing nut (3), and the outer side surface of the outermost friction plate of the friction damper (2) is attached to the inner wall surface of the sleeve (1); the sleeve (1) is composed of two semi-cylinders, the two semi-cylinders are tightened by the sleeve (1) through a sleeve tightening structure (8), so that the friction force between friction plates inside the friction damper (2) is adjusted, a perforated tray (13) is fixedly and outwardly arranged at the bottom of the sleeve (1) in a radially extending mode, a plurality of expansion bolts (7) are used for fixing the spring cushion layer (5), and a plurality of expansion bolts (7) are used for fixing the perforated tray (13) and further fixing the sleeve (1);
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, placing an anchor rod (6): determining that the strength of the concrete lattice beam (10) reaches the standard, leveling the surface, punching holes on the concrete lattice beam (10), placing anchor rods (6) and pouring concrete to fix the anchor rods;
step 2, installing a spring cushion layer (5): penetrating a preformed hole (12) in the center of the spring cushion layer (5) into the end of the anchor rod (6), and downwards along the anchor rod (6) until the spring cushion layer (5) is contacted with the concrete lattice beam (10), and then penetrating an expansion bolt through a hole (11) by using an expansion bolt (7) to fix the spring cushion layer (5) on the concrete lattice beam (10);
step 3, installing a spring (4): placing the spring (4) on the spring cushion layer (5) downwards along the anchor rod (6), and connecting the spring (4) and the spring cushion layer (5) into a whole in a welding mode;
step 4, installing a fixing nut (3), and fixing an anchor rod (6): the fixing nut (3) is gradually screwed down along the end of the anchor rod (6), and when the fixing nut (3) is screwed to compress the spring (4) to a proper height, the fixing nut and the spring are welded;
step 5, installing the friction type damper (2) and the sleeve (1): firstly, tightly attaching a semi-cylindrical friction damper (2) to the surface of a fixing nut (3); then wrapping the sleeve (1) on the outer surface of the friction type damper (2), screwing the sleeve tightening structure (8) through a bolt to realize the assembly of the sleeve (1), and controlling the friction resistance of the friction type damper (2) by controlling the tightening force of the sleeve tightening structure (8); and finally, fixing the sleeve (1) on the concrete lattice beam (10) by using expansion bolts (7) to penetrate through holes on the perforated tray fixedly connected with the sleeve (1).
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to step 1: and cleaning sundries on the concrete lattice beam (10).
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the friction-type damper (2) is made of an asbestos friction material or a powder-metallurgical friction material.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that mutually matched lines are arranged between the inner side face of the innermost friction plate and the outer side face of the fixing nut (3) and between the outer side face of the outermost friction plate and the inner wall face of the sleeve (1), so that the inner side face of the innermost friction plate and the outer side face of the fixing nut (3) and the outer side face of the outermost friction plate and the inner wall face of the sleeve (1) cannot generate relative displacement after being fixed.
5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve (1) is also provided with a cover plate (9) on top.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the friction-type damper (2) is composed of 5 to 8 layers of semi-cylindrical friction plates, each layer having a thickness of 1 to 5 mm.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the sleeve tightening structure (8) is provided on the sleeve (1) and comprises tightening rings respectively provided on two sides of two half-cylinders, the two half-cylinders of the sleeve (1) are oppositely enclosed into a cylinder when in use, and two bolts respectively penetrate through the tightening rings respectively provided on the two half-cylinders to tighten the sleeve (1).
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve tightening structure (8) comprises two half-hoops, each half-hoop being in the shape of a half-circle, which are closed and tightened by bolts to tighten the sleeve (1).
9. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve (1) and the perforated tray (13) are integrated.
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| CN201910630975.5A CN110344408B (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2019-07-12 | Energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing method for anchor head of anchor rod |
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| CN201910630975.5A CN110344408B (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2019-07-12 | Energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing method for anchor head of anchor rod |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110344409B (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2024-01-26 | 中南大学 | Energy-absorbing and shock-absorbing anchor rod head device |
| CN111455994A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-28 | 中铁西北科学研究院有限公司 | Tuned damping type BFRP anchor cable head shock absorption yield structure and method for high-intensity seismic region |
| CN111910582A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-10 | 合肥涛裴医疗设备有限公司 | A protector for hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering side slope |
| CN115506500A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-12-23 | 昆明理工大学 | Novel variable friction damper |
| CN114411724A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-29 | 浙江工业大学 | Load-holding and shock-absorbing device for anchor head of recyclable anchor rod |
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| KR20110108589A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-06 | 우성자 | Shock absorber for ground anchor |
| CN104265339A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-01-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Extrusion and friction type energy absorption anchor rod |
| CN208416587U (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-01-22 | 贵州理工学院 | A kind of ring type for workings subject to dy namic pressure allows pressure damping device |
| CN109295973A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-02-01 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院 | System and method is surrendered in a kind of head damping of dynamic load prestress anchorage cable |
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| CN103573279B (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2016-10-05 | 山东科技大学 | Mining telescopic energy adsorption anti-impact viscous damping anchor rod and supporting method thereof |
| CN205618183U (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-10-05 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Mining friction formula energy -absorbing scour protection stock of stepping down |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20110108589A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-06 | 우성자 | Shock absorber for ground anchor |
| CN104265339A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-01-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Extrusion and friction type energy absorption anchor rod |
| CN208416587U (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-01-22 | 贵州理工学院 | A kind of ring type for workings subject to dy namic pressure allows pressure damping device |
| CN109295973A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-02-01 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院 | System and method is surrendered in a kind of head damping of dynamic load prestress anchorage cable |
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