CN110343674A - 一种利用固定化漆酶催化降解异黄酮的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用固定化漆酶催化降解异黄酮的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种利用固定化漆酶催化降解异黄酮的方法,以来源于一色齿毛菌(Cerrena unicolor)HYB07菌株的漆酶为对象,采用丙烯酰基改性磁性微球Fe3O4‑SiO2‑MPS为载体对漆酶进行固定化,利用固定化漆酶降解大豆异黄酮。本发明采用丙烯酰基改性磁性微球Fe3O4‑SiO2‑MPS为载体固定漆酶,改善漆酶的酶学性质;利用固定化漆酶高效降解大豆异黄酮,实现漆酶在异黄酮类环境激素降解中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用固定化漆酶催化降解异黄酮的方法,属于生物工程领域。以来源于一色齿毛菌(Cerrena unicolor)HYB07菌株的漆酶为对象,采用丙烯酰基改性磁性微球Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS为载体对漆酶进行固定化,利用固定化漆酶催化降解异黄酮化合物。
背景技术
漆酶作为高效多酚氧化酶,可作用于多种底物,并在催化酚或芳香胺等化合物时进行单电子传递形成低聚物,同时将氧分子还原成水分子。但由于游离酶利用率低,不可回收,成本高,限制了工业化应用。磁性纳米粒子具有表面积大和高质量转移等特殊性质,可通过施加外部磁场对其分离进行回收,因此磁性纳米粒子作为多功能载体受到了广泛的关注。本发明采用丙烯酰基改性磁性微球Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS为载体对漆酶进行固定化。
异黄酮是天然存在的黄酮类化合物,主要以二酚化合物形式存在,属于植物激素,作用方式与微量雌激素相同,其中环B和C之间的连接赋予它们特定的应用及生物化学修饰(乙酰化和丙酰化)。通常摄入大豆食品中的异黄酮,经肠-葡萄糖苷酶水解后,以糖苷形式与糖结合,并释放出具有生物活性的糖苷配基,这些糖苷配基可以在肠道中被吸收或进一步代谢成几种特定的代谢物。这种代谢的程度在个体之间差异很大,受肠道菌群的组成和活性以及饮食中的碳水化合物丰富程度的影响。
本发明采用丙烯酰基改性磁性微球Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS为载体固定漆酶,改善漆酶的酶学性质;利用固定化漆酶高效降解大豆异黄酮,实现漆酶在异黄酮类环境激素降解中的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种利用固定化漆酶催化降解异黄酮的方法,以来源于一色齿毛菌(Cerrena unicolor)HYB07菌株的漆酶为对象,采用丙烯酰基改性磁性微球Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS为载体对漆酶进行固定化,利用固定化漆酶催化降解异黄酮类化合物,建立固定化漆酶催化降解异黄酮的工艺条件。
为实现上述目的,采用以下技术方案:
所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)固定化漆酶的制备:漆酶由Cerrena sp.HYB07发酵制得,采用水热法合成磁微粒Fe3O4,以溶胶凝胶法在磁微粒表面包裹一层SiO2,制备磁性二氧化硅微球 Fe3O4-SiO2,再用丙烯酰基硅烷偶联剂 MPS对Fe3O4-SiO2进行表面修饰,制得丙烯酰基改性磁性微球Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS;采用金属离子螯合法,称取1 g Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS加入到500 mL 0.01mol/L的CuCl2溶液中搅拌8 h,磁铁分离去上清,去离子水洗涤数次,加入到20 mL pH3.0 PBS缓冲体系中,加入总酶量为150 U的漆酶,搅拌超声分散,放入200 r/min 20℃摇床固定5 h,磁分离去上清,蒸馏水清洗3次,收集固定化漆酶;
(2)固定化漆酶催化降解大豆异黄酮:大豆异黄酮在反应体系为20 mL的B-R缓冲液中进行酶解,底物浓度为20 mg/L,加入漆酶,调节溶液pH为2.0-6.0,然后放置在水浴摇床在20-60℃下反应1-60 min,即完成大豆异黄酮的降解步骤;
(3)大豆异黄酮酶解产物ESI-MS分析:质谱条件为负电子喷射电离模式(ESI-)下操作,使用氮气作为去溶剂化气体并保持10 L/min的流速,去溶剂化温度设定在350℃,碎片设定为90V。基于ESI-MS片段模式分析,推测漆酶降解大豆异黄酮的产物为雌马酚。
固定化漆酶催化降解大豆异黄酮的工艺条件为:大豆异黄酮浓度20 mg/L,加酶量4 U/mL,pH 4.0,温度40℃,转速80 r/min,降解20 min,大豆异黄酮的转化率为96%。
本发明的优点在于:
漆酶是一种含铜的多酚氧化酶,可作用于多种底物,在环境激素降解中具有很好的应用潜力。本发明采用固定化漆酶高效降解异黄酮;同时通过对漆酶的固定化,显著提高了漆酶的操作稳定性和循环使用次数,克服了游离酶易失活变性、不能重复利用的缺点,降低了工业化应用成本。
附图说明
图1:Fe3O4(A)和Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS(B)合成示意图。
图2:Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS分散性(A)和磁响应性(B)示意图。
图3:Fe3O4和Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS 的红外光谱图。
图4:游离酶和固定化酶的最适反应pH。
图5:游离酶和固定化酶的最适反应温度。
图6:游离酶和固定化酶的pH稳定性。
图7:固定化酶的操作稳定性。
图8:游离酶和固定化酶的储存稳定性。
图9:染料木黄酮的ESI-MS质谱分析图。
图10:黄豆苷元的ESI-MS质谱分析图。
图11:大豆异黄酮降解产物的ESI-MS质谱分析图。
具体实施方式
实施例1 固定化漆酶的制备
(1)磁源微粒的制备
分别称取10.125 g FeCl3·6H2O和27 g CH3COONa,加入到300 mL乙二醇溶液中,超声5min至溶解,再加入7.5 mL PEG40000饱和溶液,磁力搅拌15 min,将反应混合液转至三口烧瓶中,使用电热套(180˚C)进行冷凝回流反应8 h,待冷却至室温后,用磁铁分离出磁源微球(Fe3O4),用无水乙醇洗涤数次,50˚C烘干保存备用。
(2)磁性二氧化硅微球的制备
称取1 g已制备的Fe3O4,加入到400 mL 80%乙醇溶液中,超声1 h,向反应液中加入12mL浓氨水,室温搅拌15 min,再加入4 mL TEOS继续搅拌4 h,用磁铁分离制得的磁性二氧化硅微球(Fe3O4-SiO2),分别用无水乙醇和去离子水洗涤数次,50˚C烘干保存备用。
(3)改性磁性二氧化硅微球的制备
称取1 g Fe3O4-SiO2超声分散于1000 mL Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH8.2)中,随后转移至烧杯中,缓慢加入7.5 mL MPS以及7.5 mL TEOS,在室温下电动搅拌(350 r/min)反应16 h,用磁铁分离收集得到丙烯酰基改性磁性微球(Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS),用去离子水洗涤数次,50℃烘干保存备用。
称取1 g上述所制得的Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS,加入到 500mL 0.01mol/L的CuCl2 溶液中,随后搅拌8 h进行Cu2+螯合吸附。磁铁分离去上清,用去离子水洗涤数次,加入到20 mLPBS(pH3.0)缓冲体系中,加入总酶量为150 U的漆酶,超声分散,放入20℃摇床(200 r/min)固定5 h,磁分离去上清,蒸馏水清洗数次,收集固定化漆酶。
结果如图1所示,图1A为Fe3O4制备的成品,Fe3O4为黑色,成粉末颗粒状;图1B为Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS的成品,颜色为褐色,表面比较松软,说明Fe3O4已被改性成Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS。图2A将制备好的Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS分散于蒸馏水中,微球在10秒内快速移动到磁体的一边(图2B),并且一旦磁体被移除,微粒就会再次恢复到图2A的分散状态,这表明Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS具有优异的再分散性和磁响应性。
采用傅里叶转换红外光谱,对制得的样品结构进行表征分析,如图3显示,在波数590 cm-1处出现Fe-O的特征吸收峰,在波数3372 cm-1处出现对应于SiO2中Si-OH的特征吸收峰,此外,在806 cm-1为Si-O-Fe的特征吸收峰,说明Fe3O4被成功包裹在SiO2层内;在1094cm-1处出现了C-O-C (醚基) 的特征吸收峰,表明丙烯酰基附着在二氧化硅的表面,Fe3O4-SiO2被成功改性为Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS。
实施例2 固定化漆酶酶学性质研究
最适反应pH的测定:游离酶和固定化酶分别以ABTS为底物,在不同pH(2.5、3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0)、40℃条件下反应,以最高酶活力为100%,测定残余相对酶活力,确定最适反应pH。
最适反应温度的测定:将等量的游离酶和固定化酶加入到B-R缓冲液(pH3.0)中,在不同温度(20、30、40、50、60、70℃)条件下反应,以最高酶活力为100%,测定残余相对酶活力,确定最适反应温度。
pH稳定性的测定:取等量的游离酶和固定化酶分别加入到等体积pH3.0-10.0的B-R缓冲液中,于30℃条件下保温12 h,以未处理的酶液作为对照。
热稳定性的测定:取等量的游离酶和固定化酶在不同温度(40、45、50、55℃)下保温6 h,每隔1 h取样测定游离酶和固定化酶的剩余酶活力,以未处理的酶液作为对照。
游离酶和固定化酶的最适反应pH均为3.0,在pH7.0-10.0游离酶和固定化酶的相对酶活力均在80%以上,游离酶和固定化酶在pH8.0稳定性最好。在相同pH条件下,固定化酶比游离酶表现出更好的稳定性,说明固定化后漆酶的结构更稳定,提高了漆酶的酸碱耐受性,在实际应用中固定化酶的应用范围更广泛。
游离酶的最适反应温度为45℃,固定化酶的最适反应温度为55℃。在相同温度下,固定化酶的热失活速率常数 K 小于游离酶,说明固定化酶的热稳定性较好。相比游离酶,固定化酶的失活半衰期有显著的提高,在40℃(313 K)、55℃(328 K)条件下,固定化酶的失活半衰期分别为1083 min、129 min,分别比游离酶延长了225 min、31 min。固定化酶热失活活化能 Ed 高于游离酶,说明固定化酶需要更高的能量才能进入热失活状态,固定化酶的热稳定性要优于游离酶(结果如表1所示)。
表1 游离酶和固定化酶的失活半衰期(t1/2)、热失活速率常数(k)及活化能(Ed)
操作稳定性:以ABTS为反应底物,将固定化酶循环反应10次,测定每次反应后的固定化酶活力,每次反应后用PBS缓冲液(pH5.0)洗涤固定化酶3-5次,结果如图7显示。在循环使用3次后相对酶活力保留在70%以上,循环使用6次后相对酶活力仍保持在50%以上,说明固定化酶具有较好的操作稳定性,相比游离酶提高了使用效率。
储存稳定性:将适量游离酶和固定化酶储存于柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液(pH6.0)中,于4℃冰箱中保存,每隔若干天取出一组样品,测定剩余酶活力,比较其储存稳定性(图8)。固定化酶储存24 d后相对酶活力为94%,而游离酶相对酶活力为88%,说明漆酶经Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS载体固定化后提高了储存稳定性。
实施例3 固定化漆酶在大豆异黄酮降解中的应用
采用游离酶和固定化酶分别降解大豆异黄酮,将等量的游离酶、固定化漆酶和大豆异黄酮加入到容器中,调节溶液pH为2.0-6.0,然后放置在水浴摇床在20-60℃下反应0-60min,即完成大豆异黄酮的降解步骤。
游离酶与固定化酶对大豆异黄酮降解效果比较。称取适量的游离酶和固定化酶,加入到底物浓度为20 mg/L的大豆异黄酮B-R缓冲体系中,在不同pH (2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0),温度(20、30、40、50、60℃),加酶量(1、2、4、6、8、10、12、14 U/mL),反应时间(5、10、20、30、40 min)条件下降解大豆异黄酮,以未添加酶液的反应体系作为空白对照,比较固定化酶和游离酶对大豆异黄酮的降解效果(见表2)。同样达到90%以上的大豆异黄酮转化率,相比游离酶,固定化酶的加酶量减少了6 U/mL,酶解时间缩短了40 min,大大降低了工业化应用成本。
转化率=(C0-C)/C0*100%
C0为酶解前大豆异黄酮浓度,C为酶解后大豆异黄酮浓度。
表2 游离酶和固定化酶对大豆异黄酮降解效果比较
ESI-MS分析。对大豆异黄酮及其降解产物进行质谱分析。质谱条件为负电子喷射电离模式(ESI-)下操作,使用氮气作为去溶剂化气体并保持10 L/min的流速,去溶剂化温度设定在350℃,碎片设定为90V。结果显示,ESI-MS检测出大豆中异黄酮主要以结合型异黄酮糖苷形式存在,分别为染料木黄酮(图9)和黄豆苷元(图10)两种糖苷形式为主,质荷比分子离子峰分别为269.05([M-H]+)、253.05([M-H]+)。基于ESI-MS片段模式(如图11显示),漆酶降解大豆异黄酮的主要片段是分子离子峰241.09([M-H]+),推测降解产物为雌马酚。检测的降解产物见表3。
表3 大豆异黄酮酶解产物
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种利用固定化漆酶催化降解异黄酮的方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)固定化漆酶的制备:漆酶由Cerrena sp.HYB07发酵制得,采用水热法合成磁微粒Fe3O4,以溶胶凝胶法在磁微粒表面包裹一层SiO2,制备磁性二氧化硅微球 Fe3O4-SiO2,再用丙烯酰基硅烷偶联剂 MPS对Fe3O4-SiO2进行表面修饰,制得丙烯酰基改性磁性微球Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS;采用金属离子螯合法,称取1 g Fe3O4-SiO2-MPS加入到500 mL 0.01mol/L的CuCl2溶液中搅拌8 h,磁铁分离去上清,去离子水洗涤数次,加入到20 mL pH3.0 PBS缓冲体系中,加入总酶量为150 U的漆酶,搅拌超声分散,放入200 r/min 20℃摇床固定5 h,磁分离去上清,蒸馏水清洗3次,收集固定化漆酶;
(2)固定化漆酶催化降解大豆异黄酮:大豆异黄酮在反应体系为20 mL的B-R缓冲液中进行酶解,底物浓度为20 mg/L,加入漆酶,调节溶液pH为2.0-6.0,然后放置在水浴摇床在20-60℃下反应1-60 min,即完成大豆异黄酮的降解步骤;
(3)大豆异黄酮酶解产物ESI-MS分析:质谱条件为负电子喷射电离模式(ESI-)下操作,使用氮气作为去溶剂化气体并保持10 L/min的流速,去溶剂化温度设定在350℃,碎片设定为90V。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用固定化漆酶催化降解异黄酮的方法,其特征在于:固定化漆酶降解的工艺条件为大豆异黄酮浓度20 mg/L,加酶量4 U/mL,pH 4.0,温度40℃,转速80 r/min,酶解20 min。
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