CN110334480B - Design method of secondary surface extended curved surface of double-offset antenna for reducing noise temperature - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for designing a secondary surface extended curved surface of a double-offset antenna for reducing noise temperature, and relates to the fields of communication, measurement and control, radio astronomy and the like. The design method of the invention obtains an ellipsoid by rotating the secondary surface ellipse, and then cuts the ellipsoid according to parameters such as the feed source irradiation angle, the edge point coordinate, the lowest elevation angle of the antenna operation and the like to form an extended curved surface. The extended curved surface reduces the diffraction of electromagnetic waves at the edge of the minor surface and the leakage of radiation of the feed source, shields the thermal noise on the ground, increases the interception efficiency of the minor surface, improves the gain of the antenna, improves the quality factor of the antenna, and is suitable for the design of the antenna in the fields of radio astronomy, satellite communication, deep space exploration and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of communication, measurement and control, radio astronomy and the like, in particular to a method for designing a secondary surface extended curved surface of a double-offset antenna for reducing noise temperature.
Background
The double offset antenna is characterized in that a main surface is offset to a secondary surface, and the secondary surface is offset to a feed source. The double-bias antenna overcomes the shielding of the secondary surface to the main surface and the shielding of the feed source and the support arm to the secondary surface, thereby improving the paraxial side lobe characteristic of an antenna directional diagram and the input voltage standing wave ratio characteristic of the feed source and having higher antenna efficiency.
The dual-bias antenna in the form of the Grey Golay is easy to realize a compact structure, and the primary feed source and the secondary surface have larger intervals, so that the near field effect can be reduced, the far field condition is easy to realize, and the application range is wider. The lower offset antenna is beneficial to installation and maintenance of a receiving system due to low gravity center position, and is adopted by a large number of projects.
Just because the double-offset antenna has the advantages, the international large scientific engineering-Square kilometer Array SKA (Square kilometric Array) radio telescope project adopts the form of the lower offset GerGao-Li double-reflector antenna.
The SKA project is composed of a dual-offset reflector antenna with a total aperture of 2500 planes and 15 meters, and receives a weak radio signal from a remote universe, so that the antenna is required to have high gain and low noise performance to improve the receiving sensitivity. Under the condition of a certain antenna gain, people pay more attention to the noise problem of the antenna. The main parameter for assessing the performance of an antenna system is the gain-to-noise ratio G/T, also called the quality factor of the antenna, G being the antenna gain and T being the noise temperature of the antenna system. Therefore, the requirement of the system on the quality factor G/T value of the antenna can be met only by reducing the noise temperature of the antenna, and the noise reduction is more important for the antenna applied to the radio astronomy field.
Even if an antenna with quite good performance is used, the noise temperature at low elevation angle (5-7 degrees) is 30-50K, and the requirement of the international SKA project cannot be met.
Chinese patent publication No. CN102496774A, entitled "design method of high-gain, low-sidelobe shaped dual-offset griigy antenna," discloses an aperture field distribution function for a dual-offset antenna, which can make the antenna have the characteristics of high gain and low sidelobe; chinese patent publication No. CN1317884A, entitled "a corrugated horn feed for improving cross polarization characteristics of offset parabolic antenna", discloses a horn feed which reduces cross polarization level of a single offset antenna by exciting a higher order mode; chinese patent publication No. CN2433740Y, entitled "an offset satellite communication antenna", discloses a satellite communication antenna that improves cross polarization isolation using a double offset griigold format. Several of the above patents relate to a bias antenna, which improves the antenna mainly in terms of gain, sidelobe and cross isolation, but for another important index of the antenna, namely noise temperature, the following disadvantages exist:
(1) Design related to noise temperature is not involved. In the above three patents, the techniques related to antenna gain, side lobe and cross isolation are mainly mentioned, and no design method related to noise temperature is mentioned.
(2) No method of reducing the noise temperature is given. As is well known, the quality factor of an antenna is a very important technical index in the field of communication and radio astronomy, and in the above patents, no method for reducing the noise temperature of the antenna is given.
(3) No biasing means is given. The dual-offset antenna is divided into an upper offset mode and a lower offset mode, and the upper offset mode and the lower offset mode refer to positions of the secondary surface when the antenna moves in a pitching mode. The antenna noise temperature caused by the two biasing approaches is different.
William A. Imbriale in the book Large Antennas of the Deep Space Network (JPL, 2002) proposed a method of adding a collar outside the minor face to reduce the antenna noise temperature, but this method has the following disadvantages:
(1) The efficiency of the antenna is reduced. Because the method is applied to the circularly symmetric Cassegrain antenna, the flange added outside the secondary surface forms shielding in the antenna caliber direction, and the effective receiving area of the antenna is reduced, thereby reducing the efficiency of the antenna.
(2) Not suitable for dual offset antennas. The approach proposed in the book is only for the cassegrain version of the antenna and is not suitable for the griigy version of the dual offset antenna.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for designing a secondary surface extension curved surface of a double-offset antenna for reducing noise temperature, which has the characteristics of low noise temperature, low side lobe level and high antenna efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for designing a secondary surface extended curved surface of a double-offset antenna for reducing noise temperature comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system XOY by taking a connecting line of two focuses of the secondary surface ellipse as an X axis and the midpoint of the connecting line as a coordinate origin;
(2) In the coordinate system established in the step (1), establishing an ellipse equation:
wherein a is a major semiaxis of the minor surface ellipse; b is the minor face ellipse minor semi-axis;
(3) Rotating the ellipse obtained in the step (2) for 360 degrees around the X axis to obtain an ellipsoid, and recording the ellipsoid as S;
(4) According to the noise temperature index required to be reduced, determining the radiation angle theta of the feed source to the extended curved surface and the included angle theta of the edge of the extended curved surface to the major axis of the minor surface ellipse 1 Determining the edge point of the extended curved surface, recording as A, and recording as Y the Y coordinate value corresponding to the A point A ，y A The value satisfies the following formula:
wherein, R is the distance from the phase center of the feed source to the point A, and R satisfies the following formula:
wherein e is the eccentricity of the minor surface ellipse;
(5) With y = y A Establishing a plane, denoted S 1 ；
(6) With minor face and S 1 Cutting the curved surface S as a boundary to obtain a curved surface S';
(7) Determining the intersection point of the upper edge of the auxiliary surface and the symmetrical surface, and marking as B;
(8) Connecting the A point and the B point to obtain a line segment AB;
(9) Determining a plane passing through the line segment AB and perpendicular to the symmetry plane, and marking as C;
(10) Taking C as a boundary, cutting the curved surface S' to obtain a curved surface E;
(11) Rotating the curved surface E to the lowest working elevation angle of the antenna by taking the phase center of the antenna feed source as an axis;
(12) Passing through the phase center of the antenna feed source, and making a horizontal plane as D;
(13) Taking the horizontal plane D as a boundary, and cutting out the curved surface E to obtain a curved surface E';
(14) Moving the boundary between the curved surface E ' and the auxiliary surface to form a gap between the auxiliary surface and the curved surface E ' and obtain a curved surface E ';
and finishing the design of the secondary surface extended curved surface.
Optionally, the dual offset antenna is in a griigy form.
Optionally, the dual-bias antenna is in a downward bias mode.
Optionally, the secondary surface expansion curved surface is made of an aluminum alloy material or a composite material with a metal mesh laid inside.
Optionally, the secondary expansion curved surface is composed of a plurality of sub-curved surfaces.
Optionally, in the step (4), the value range of the radiation angle θ of the feed source to the extension curved surface is greater than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.
Optionally, in the step (14), the distance of the inward movement of the boundary is 0.2-5 mm.
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The noise temperature of the antenna is reduced. Compared with the background technology, the invention expands the curved surface of the lower part of the minor surface, reduces the energy loss of the antenna feed source received by the ground and reduces the noise temperature of the antenna system.
(2) The efficiency of the antenna is improved. The invention increases the extended curved surface of the secondary surface, improves the interception efficiency of the secondary surface, and reduces the loss and diffraction of the edge of the secondary surface, thereby improving the efficiency of an antenna system.
(3) The side lobe levels of the antenna are reduced. By adding the extension curved surface, the continuity of the edge current of the secondary surface is improved, the edge leakage of electromagnetic waves is reduced, the energy is concentrated in a main beam of an antenna, and the level of paraxial side lobes and far side lobes is reduced.
(4) And the weight of the expanded curved surface is reduced and the wind resistance is reduced by reasonable cutting. The invention cuts the extended curved surface reasonably, which not only improves the comprehensive performance of the antenna, but also minimizes the area of the extended curved surface, thereby reducing the weight of the curved surface and reducing the wind resistance of the secondary surface.
In a word, the invention has the advantages of ingenious conception, clear thought and easy realization, not only solves the defect of high noise temperature of the traditional double-offset antenna, but also reduces the side lobe of the antenna, improves the efficiency of the antenna, and is an important improvement on the prior art.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structural composition of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of steps 1 to 3 in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of steps 4 to 6 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of steps 7 to 10 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of steps 11 to 13 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of step 14 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the deblocking of an extended surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an electromagnetic simulation model without an extended surface antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an electromagnetic simulation model with an extended curved antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the directional pattern calculation for an extended surface antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a comparison of the noise temperature calculation results for the presence or absence of the extended curved surface antenna in the embodiment of the present invention.
The meaning of the reference symbols in the figures is as follows: the device comprises a main surface 1, a secondary surface 2, an extended curved surface 3 and a feed source 4.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
In this embodiment, a dual-offset 15-meter aperture antenna is taken as an example, and the structure thereof is shown in fig. 1. The design method of the secondary surface extension curved surface in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2:
(1) Establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system XOY by taking a connecting line of two focuses of the secondary surface ellipse as an X axis and the midpoint of the connecting line as a coordinate origin;
(2) In the coordinate system established in the step (1), establishing an ellipse equation:
wherein a is a major semi-axis of the minor face ellipse; b is a minor face ellipse minor semi-axis;
in the examples, a =3023.182mm, b =2873.497mm.
(3) Rotating the ellipse obtained in the step (2) for 360 degrees around the X axis to obtain an ellipsoid, and recording the ellipsoid as S;
as shown in fig. 3:
(4) According to the noise temperature index required to be reduced, determining the radiation angle theta of the feed source to the extended curved surface and the included angle theta of the edge of the extended curved surface to the major axis of the minor surface ellipse 1 Determining the edge point of the extended curved surface, recording as A, and recording as Y coordinate value corresponding to the A point A ，y A The value can be calculated as follows:
wherein, R is the distance of the feed source phase center distance A point, and R can be calculated according to the following formula:
wherein e is the eccentricity of the minor surface ellipse;
in an embodiment, θ =40 °; theta 1 =10.5°；R=2092.074mm；e==0.310762。
(5) With y = y A Establishing a plane, denoted S 1 ；
(6) With minor face and S 1 Cutting the curved surface S as a boundary to obtain a curved surface S';
as shown in fig. 4:
(7) Determining the intersection point of the upper edge of the auxiliary surface and the symmetrical surface, and marking as B;
(8) Connecting the A point and the B point to obtain a line segment AB;
(9) Determining a plane passing through the line segment AB and perpendicular to the symmetry plane, and marking as C;
(10) Taking C as a boundary, cutting the curved surface S' to obtain a curved surface E;
as shown in fig. 5:
(11) Rotating the curved surface E to the lowest working elevation angle of the antenna by taking the phase center F of the antenna feed source as an axis;
(12) Passing through the antenna feed source phase center F, and making a horizontal plane, and marking as D;
(13) Taking the horizontal plane D as a boundary, and cutting out the curved surface E to obtain a curved surface E';
as shown in fig. 6:
(14) Moving the boundary between the curved surface E ' and the secondary surface inwards to form a gap between the secondary surface and the curved surface E ' and obtain a curved surface E ';
in an embodiment, the boundary inward shift distance is 0.5mm;
and finishing the design of the secondary surface extended curved surface.
The dual-offset antenna is in the form of a gurigley.
The dual-bias antenna is in a down-bias mode.
The secondary surface expansion curved surface is made of aluminum alloy material or composite material with metal net laid inside.
In this embodiment, the extension curved surface is in the form of a composite material in which a metal mesh is laid.
The secondary surface extension curved surface can be divided into blocks again and consists of a plurality of sub-curved surfaces.
In this embodiment, the extension curved surface is divided into three sub-curved surfaces with uniform areas, as shown in fig. 7.
The value range of the feed source to the irradiation angle theta of the extension curved surface is more than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.
In this embodiment, the value of the radiation angle θ of the extended curved surface by the feed source is 40 °.
The advantages of the present invention can be further illustrated by the following simulation analysis:
(1) And (5) model description. In order to illustrate the beneficial effects of the invention, two electromagnetic field simulation models are established, one is an antenna without an extended curved surface, and the other is the method of the invention. The two simulation models have the same conditions of calculation method, geometric dimension, simulation frequency and the like. The two simulation models are shown in fig. 8 and 9 respectively.
(2) And calculating a result. For the two models, the antenna efficiency and the noise temperature are calculated respectively, fig. 10 is the calculation result of the antenna efficiency of the method of the present invention, and fig. 11 is the comparison of the noise temperature results of the background art and the method of the present invention.
(3) The effect is achieved. From the calculation results, it can be seen that: when the antenna is at a low working elevation angle (5 degrees), the noise temperature of the antenna is 7.5K lower than that of the antenna in the background technology; at high operating elevation angles (90 deg.), the present invention is 2K cooler than the background art noise temperature.
In a word, the design method effectively reduces diffraction of electromagnetic waves at the edge of the secondary surface and leakage of radiation of the feed source by extending and cutting the lower edge of the secondary surface, shields thermal noise on the ground, increases interception efficiency of the secondary surface, improves gain of the antenna and improves quality factor of the antenna.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for designing a secondary surface extended curved surface of a double-offset antenna for reducing noise temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system XOY by taking a connecting line of two focuses of the secondary surface ellipse as an X axis and the midpoint of the connecting line as a coordinate origin;
(2) In the coordinate system established in the step (1), establishing an ellipse equation:
wherein a is a major semi-axis of the minor face ellipse; b is a minor face ellipse minor semi-axis;
(3) Rotating the ellipse obtained in the step (2) for 360 degrees around the X axis to obtain an ellipsoid, and recording the ellipsoid as S;
(4) According to the noise temperature index required to be reduced, determining the irradiation angle theta of the feed source to the extended curved surface and the included angle theta of the edge of the extended curved surface to the major axis of the minor surface ellipse 1 Determining the edge point of the extended curved surface, recording as A, and recording as Y the Y coordinate value corresponding to the A point A ，y A The value satisfies the following formula:
wherein, R is the distance from the phase center of the feed source to the point A, and R satisfies the following formula:
wherein e is the eccentricity of the secondary surface ellipse;
(5) With y = y A Establishing a plane, denoted S 1 ；
(6) With minor face and S 1 Cutting the curved surface S as a boundary to obtain a curved surface S';
(7) Determining the intersection point of the upper edge of the auxiliary surface and the symmetrical surface, and marking as B;
(8) Connecting the point A and the point B to obtain a line segment AB;
(9) Determining a plane passing through the line segment AB and perpendicular to the symmetry plane, and marking as C;
(10) Cutting the curved surface S' by taking the C as a boundary to obtain a curved surface E;
(11) Rotating the curved surface E to the lowest working elevation angle of the antenna by taking the phase center of the antenna feed source as an axis;
(12) Passing through the phase center of the antenna feed source, and making a horizontal plane, which is marked as D;
(13) Taking the horizontal plane D as a boundary, and cutting the curved surface E to obtain a curved surface E';
(14) Moving the boundary between the curved surface E ' and the secondary surface inwards to form a gap between the secondary surface and the curved surface E ' and obtain a curved surface E ';
and finishing the design of the secondary surface extension curved surface.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dual-offset antenna is in the form of a gurley.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the dual offset antenna is under-biased.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the secondary extension curved surface is made of aluminum alloy or composite material with metal mesh laid inside.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the secondary extension curved surface of the dual-offset antenna comprises a plurality of sub-curved surfaces.
6. The method for designing a secondary extended curved surface of a dual-offset antenna for reducing noise temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the radiation angle θ of the feed source to the extended curved surface is in a range of 5 ° to 60 °.
7. The method for designing a secondary surface of a dual-offset antenna for reducing noise temperature as set forth in claim 1, wherein in said step (14), the distance of the inward shift of the boundary is 0.2-5 mm.
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| FR2713404B1 (en) * | 1993-12-02 | 1996-01-05 | Alcatel Espace | Oriental antenna with conservation of polarization axes. |
| CN2433740Y (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2001-06-06 | 北京科园卫通科技有限公司 | Baised satellite communication antenna |
| CN1115009C (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2003-07-16 | 信息产业部电子第五十四研究所 | Feed source of corrugated horn for improving cross polarization characterisitics of offset parabolic antenna |
| FR2835356B1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2005-09-30 | Cit Alcatel | RECEPTION ANTENNA FOR MULTIFACEAL COVERAGE |
| CN1170343C (en) * | 2002-07-13 | 2004-10-06 | 信息产业部电子第五十四研究所 | Making process of elliptic-beam varying-focal length ring antenna |
| JP2006148274A (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-06-08 | Kirmen Ben Ahmed Marzuki | Extensible parabolic antenna |
| FR2897722B1 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2008-07-11 | Agence Spatiale Europeenne | MULTI BEAM ANTENNA. |
| JP5266314B2 (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2013-08-21 | マスプロ電工株式会社 | Offset parabolic antenna |
| EP2478591B1 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2020-05-06 | Agence Spatiale Européenne | Aperiodic and non-planar array of electromagnetic scatterers and reflectarray antenna comprising the same |
| CN102013576B (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2013-06-12 | 西安电子科技大学 | Regulating method of secondary surface of modified Cassegrain type antenna |
| JP2012160828A (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2012-08-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Antenna reflector |
| CN102509898B (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2014-01-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Design method of low-profile elliptic-wave beam Cassegraio antenna |
| CN102496774B (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-10-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Design method of shaped double-offset Gregory antenna with high gain and low side lobe |
| US9594857B2 (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2017-03-14 | California Institute Of Technology | Methods for designing quadruple-ridged flared horn antennas |
| CN103488818B (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2016-01-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | The subreflector position compensation method of the large-scale dual reflector antenna of a kind of thermal deformation |
| US9502751B2 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2016-11-22 | Paneratech, Inc. | Desensitized antenna and design method thereof |
| CN104715111A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-06-17 | 西安电子科技大学 | Auxiliary face compensation method for large beam-forming double-reflection-face antenna based on electromechanical coupling |
| CN106025550B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2018-11-27 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | It is a kind of using electrical property as the dual reflector antenna minor face location regulation method of target |
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| CN108281790B (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2020-07-10 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Method and device for adjusting secondary surface of shaped double-reflector antenna |
| CN108808252B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2020-11-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Gregory antenna based on super surface |
| CN109408986B (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2022-11-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Design method of elliptical beam Cassegrain antenna |
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