CN110328920B - 一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110328920B
CN110328920B CN201910543735.1A CN201910543735A CN110328920B CN 110328920 B CN110328920 B CN 110328920B CN 201910543735 A CN201910543735 A CN 201910543735A CN 110328920 B CN110328920 B CN 110328920B
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料，包括依次设置的外罩层、吸附降解层和亲肤层，外罩层位于最外层；外罩层采用活性炭布，通过静电纺丝法在活性炭布的内侧表面沉积有吸附降解纤维膜，作为吸附降解层；本发明还公开了该环保复合材料的制备方法。本发明包括由外至内依次设置的外罩层、吸附降解层和亲肤层，亲肤层具有优异的吸湿透气性、亲肤性和抑菌性能；外罩层为活性炭层，通过静电纺丝法在活性炭层表面沉积有吸附降解层；本发明采用各原料均绿色环保、易于降解，得到一种不仅能够阻隔有毒气体，起到防有毒气体的目的，而且能够整合物理吸附和化学吸附二者的优势，实现有毒气体浓度的快速降低兼持续稳定地分解的复合环保材料。

Description

一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料技术领域，具体地，涉及一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
工业排出的各种有毒气体是具有潜在危害的持久性污染物，空气中的有毒气体主要包括HCl，HF，SO2，H2S，NH3，HCHO等。这些有毒气体影响空气流通，对人体具有刺激作用，会使人出现头痛、恶心、呕吐、食欲减退等现象，高浓度致溶血性贫血及肝、肾损害，有毒气体会严重威胁人类空气环境的安全，考虑到人类对空气环境的持续依赖性，寻找能够有效防有毒气体的材料则显得尤为重要。
目前常用的毒气吸附材料按吸附原理可分为两大类，一类是物理吸附，如活性炭吸附、分子筛吸附、天然沸石吸附、活性氧化铝、硅胶等。这些吸附剂虽然能很好的吸附有毒气体，并得到了广泛的应用，但是他的相对吸附量比较低，吸附速度慢，再生困难，价格贵，使用寿命短，操作费用高。另一类是化学吸附，用于化学吸附的吸附材料主要包括离子交换树脂、离子交换纤维、光催化剂，化学吸附效率高，但存在不持久、不易降解的问题。
中国专利CN201710039614.4公开了一种防有毒气体的复合环保材料及其制造方法，该复合材料包括外、中、内三层，其中，外层为采用聚氨基甲酸酯、羧基聚合而成；中层采用碳纤维编织；内层采用静电聚氧化乙烯改性纺丝制成；该复合材料具有透气透湿性好、主动吸附有害颗粒、过滤能力强等优点，但是该复合材料在防有毒气体时主要采用的是物理吸附，存在吸附速度慢、吸附不彻底等缺点。
因此，研发一种不仅能够阻隔有毒气体，起到防有毒气体的目的，而且能够整合物理吸附和化学吸附二者的优势，实现有毒气体浓度的快速降低兼持续稳定地分解的复合材料具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料及其制备方法，包括由外至内依次设置的外罩层、吸附降解层和亲肤层，亲肤层采用麻布作为底布，麻布上负载有纳米Ag颗粒，使得亲肤层具有优异的吸湿透气性、亲肤性和抑菌性能；外罩层为活性炭层，通过静电纺丝法在活性炭层表面沉积有吸附降解层，吸附降解层对有毒气体既有物理吸附，又有光降解化学反应，即纳米TiO2表面形成的强氧化性空穴-电子对将吸附到硅藻土表面的有毒气体进行光降解反应，吸附降解层结合了物理吸附和化学降解反应的优点，能够实现有毒气体浓度的快速降低兼持续稳定地分解；本发明采用各原料均绿色环保、易于降解，得到一种不仅能够阻隔有毒气体，起到防有毒气体的目的，而且能够整合物理吸附和化学吸附二者的优势，实现有毒气体浓度的快速降低兼持续稳定地分解的复合环保材料。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料，包括依次设置的外罩层、吸附降解层和亲肤层，外罩层位于最外层；
外罩层采用活性炭布，通过静电纺丝法在活性炭布的内侧表面沉积有吸附降解纤维膜，作为吸附降解层；
亲肤层位于最内层，亲肤层由如下方法制成：
按照固液比1g:50mL将麻布浸润于质量分数为5％的AgNO3溶液中，浸渍20-25min后将麻布取出，采用紫外线灯在波长为365nm条件下照射30-35min，使Ag+还原为纳米Ag，辐照还原完成后，将麻布置于140-150℃真空干燥箱内干燥120-140min，得到亲肤层；
用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料由如下步骤制成：
步骤S1、采用平板硫化机将亲肤层与沉积有吸附降解层的外罩层进行复合，具体参数：复合压力为5-6MPa，复合温度为68-70℃；
步骤S2、采用超声波进行二道复合，热轧机上安装有一对刻花辊，刻花辊轧点尺寸为0.18cm*0.23cm，轧点之间的距离为3.5cm，轧点倾斜方向与热轧辊轴中心线的夹角为45°，热轧辊压力控制在50-60N/mm；
步骤S3、将经过两道复合后的材料，放入柠檬精油蒸汽中熏蒸2-3min，自然冷却后，得到环保复合材料。
进一步地，所述吸附降解层由如下方法制成：
(1)量取3-4mL的N-甲基吡咯烷酮和60mL的超纯水于烧杯中，常温下用磁力搅拌器搅拌15-20min，接着称取2.8g的TiO2粉末倒入该烧杯中，在常温下继续用磁力搅拌器搅拌30min，然后将混合液转移至水热反应釜中，150℃条件下反应18-20h，充分冷却后，对产物分别进行醇洗和水洗，置于60℃真空干燥箱中干燥12h，研磨过100目筛，得到改性TiO2；
(2)将改性纳米TiO2分散于超纯水中，超声50-60min后，加入酸处理后的硅藻土，充分搅拌后进行过滤、洗涤、离心和干燥，得到添加物；其中，改性纳米TiO2与硅藻土的质量之比为1:2-3；
(3)将添加物和聚环氧乙烷加入体积比为95：5的二氯乙烷-无水乙醇混合溶剂中，充分搅拌混合，得到混合液，其中，聚环氧乙烷的质量浓度为40mg/mL，添加物为聚乳酸质量的2％；将混合液作为纺丝液，利用静电纺丝技术，以活性炭布为基底接收静电纺纳米纤维，得到吸附降解层；
进一步地，步骤(3)中的静电纺丝参数设置为：纺丝电压25kV，纺丝距离20cm，纺丝速度为0.004mL/s，得到的静电纺纳米纤维的平均直径为470nm，纺丝时间8-9h。
一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1、采用平板硫化机将亲肤层与沉积有吸附降解层的外罩层进行复合，具体参数：复合压力为5-6MPa，复合温度为68-70℃；
步骤S2、采用超声波进行二道复合，热轧机上安装有一对刻花辊，刻花辊轧点尺寸为0.18cm*0.23cm，轧点之间的距离为3.5cm，轧点倾斜方向与热轧辊轴中心线的夹角为45°，热轧辊压力控制在50-60N/mm；
步骤S3、将经过两道复合后的材料，放入柠檬精油蒸汽中熏蒸2-3min，自然冷却后，得到环保复合材料。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明的复合材料最外层采用活性炭层，采用静电纺丝法在活性炭层内侧表面沉积有吸附降解纤维膜，作为吸附降解层；静电纺丝液中采用改性纳米TiO2颗粒、酸化后的硅藻土对聚环氧乙烷进行改性得到复合纤维，在制备改性纳米TiO2的过程中，以纳米TiO2为原料，超纯水为主溶剂，N-甲基吡咯烷酮为N源和次溶剂，通过一步水热法对二氧化钛进行N掺杂改性，水热过程中，N元素直接掺杂进TiO2的晶格中，且均匀的分散于TiO2晶格中，由于掺杂的N元素嵌在TiO2的晶格中或取代了部分TiO2中的O元素，在TiO2的O2p价带顶上引入一个新的N2p杂质能级，从而使TiO2禁带宽度变窄，对光的吸收波长范围边宽，因此可对可见光产生吸收，提高纳米TiO2的光催化能力；同时，经过水热改性过程的纳米TiO2颗粒表面含有丰富的羟基(-OH)，使得纳米TiO2颗粒能渗透进入活性炭布，并与活性炭步纤维上的含氧基团接枝和键合作用，提高了改性纳米TiO2的吸附牢度；
硅藻土用酸处理后，氧化物杂质含量降低，比表面积和孔容也增大，通过硅藻土、改性纳米TiO2和聚环氧乙烷共混可使前两者分布在聚环氧乙烷中，从而使复合纤维的亲水性得到改善；且复合纤维对甲醛等有毒气体既有物理吸附，又有光降解化学反应，即纳米TiO2表面形成的强氧化性空穴-电子对将吸附到硅藻土表面的甲醛氧化成二氧化碳和水；吸附降解层结合了物理吸附和化学降解反应的优点，能够实现有毒气体浓度的快速降低兼持续稳定地分解；
本发明采用麻布作为亲肤层的底布，麻布具有优异的透气性、亲肤性和吸湿性，与人体皮肤直接接触，具有优良的触感；采用麻布作为载体，麻纤维内部特殊的超细微孔结构使其具有强劲的吸附能力，在硝酸银溶液进行浸渍的过程中，Ag+会通过麻纤维的微孔吸附作用而负载于麻纤维上，再通过紫外还原Ag+法将Ag+还原为纳米Ag颗粒，从而纳米Ag颗粒成功负载于麻纤维的微孔内，使得麻布具有优良的抑菌性能，加之麻纤维本身含有叮咛、嘧啶、嘌呤等微量元素，对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌等可起到抑制效果，使得亲肤层具有优异的抗菌能力；由于麻纤维的超细微孔结构分布均匀、孔径小且吸附能力强，故而使得麻布载Ag效果好，载Ag牢度较高，在重复水洗后仍然含有较多的纳米银颗粒，使得麻布纤维的耐水洗性能高；
本发明的复合材料包括由外至内依次设置的外罩层、吸附降解层和亲肤层，亲肤层采用麻布作为底布，麻布上负载有纳米Ag颗粒，使得亲肤层具有优异的吸湿透气性、亲肤性和抑菌性能；外罩层为活性炭层，通过静电纺丝法在活性炭层表面沉积有吸附降解层，吸附降解层对有毒气体既有物理吸附，又有光降解化学反应，即纳米TiO2表面形成的强氧化性空穴-电子对将吸附到硅藻土表面的有毒气体进行光降解反应，吸附降解层结合了物理吸附和化学降解反应的优点，能够实现有毒气体浓度的快速降低兼持续稳定地分解；本发明采用各原料均绿色环保、易于降解，得到一种不仅能够阻隔有毒气体，起到防有毒气体的目的，而且能够整合物理吸附和化学吸附二者的优势，实现有毒气体浓度的快速降低兼持续稳定地分解的复合环保材料。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料，包括依次设置的外罩层、吸附降解层和亲肤层，外罩层位于最外层，与外界环境直接接触；
其中，外罩层采用活性炭布，通过静电纺丝法在活性炭布的内侧表面沉积有吸附降解纤维膜，作为吸附降解层；
亲肤层位于最内层，与人体直接接触，亲肤层由如下方法制成：
按照固液比1g:50mL将麻布浸润于质量分数为5％的AgNO3溶液中，浸渍20-25min后将麻布取出，采用紫外线灯在波长为365nm条件下照射30-35min，使Ag+还原为纳米Ag，辐照还原完成后，将麻布置于140-150℃真空干燥箱内干燥120-140min，得到亲肤层；
麻布具有优异的透气性、亲肤性和吸湿性，与人体皮肤直接接触，具有优良的触感；采用麻布作为载体，麻纤维内部特殊的超细微孔结构使其具有强劲的吸附能力，在硝酸银溶液进行浸渍的过程中，Ag+会通过麻纤维的微孔吸附作用而负载于麻纤维上，再通过紫外还原Ag+法将Ag+还原为纳米Ag颗粒，从而纳米Ag颗粒成功负载于麻纤维的微孔内，使得麻布具有优良的抑菌性能，加之麻纤维本身含有叮咛、嘧啶、嘌呤等微量元素，对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌等可起到抑制效果，使得亲肤层具有优异的抗菌能力；由于麻纤维的超细微孔结构分布均匀、孔径小且吸附能力强，故而使得麻布载Ag效果好，载Ag牢度较高，在重复水洗后仍然含有较多的纳米银颗粒，使得麻布纤维的耐水洗性能高；
所述吸附降解层由如下方法制成：
(1)量取3-4mL的N-甲基吡咯烷酮和60mL的超纯水于烧杯中，常温下用磁力搅拌器搅拌15-20min，使二者混合均匀，接着称取2.8g的TiO2粉末倒入该烧杯中，在常温下继续用磁力搅拌器搅拌30min，然后将混合液转移至水热反应釜中，150℃条件下反应18-20h，充分冷却后，对产物分别进行醇洗和水洗，置于60℃真空干燥箱中干燥12h，研磨过100目筛，得到改性TiO2；
(2)将改性纳米TiO2分散于超纯水中，超声50-60min后，加入酸处理后的硅藻土，充分搅拌后进行过滤、洗涤、离心和干燥，得到添加物；其中，改性纳米TiO2与硅藻土的质量之比为1:2-3；
(3)将添加物和聚环氧乙烷加入体积比为95：5的二氯乙烷-无水乙醇混合溶剂中，充分搅拌混合，得到混合液，其中，聚环氧乙烷的质量浓度为40mg/mL，添加物为聚乳酸质量的2％；将混合液作为纺丝液，利用静电纺丝技术，以活性炭布(外罩层)为基底接收静电纺纳米纤维，得到吸附降解层；
静电纺丝参数设置为：纺丝电压25kV，纺丝距离20cm，纺丝速度为0.004mL/s，得到的静电纺纳米纤维的平均直径为470nm，纺丝时间8-9h；
在制备改性纳米TiO2的过程中，以纳米TiO2为原料，超纯水为主溶剂，N-甲基吡咯烷酮为N源和次溶剂，通过一步水热法对二氧化钛进行N掺杂改性，水热过程中，N元素直接掺杂进TiO2的晶格中，且均匀的分散于TiO2晶格中，由于掺杂的N元素嵌在TiO2的晶格中或取代了部分TiO2中的O元素，在TiO2的O2p价带顶上引入一个新的N2p杂质能级，从而使TiO2禁带宽度变窄，对光的吸收波长范围边宽，因此可对可见光产生吸收，提高纳米TiO2的光催化能力；同时，经过水热改性过程的纳米TiO2颗粒表面含有丰富的羟基(-OH)，使得纳米TiO2颗粒能渗透进入活性炭布，并与活性炭步纤维上的含氧基团接枝和键合作用，提高了改性纳米TiO2的吸附牢度；
硅藻土用酸处理后，氧化物杂质含量降低，比表面积和孔容也增大，通过硅藻土、改性纳米TiO2和聚环氧乙烷共混可使前两者分布在聚环氧乙烷中，从而使复合纤维的亲水性得到改善；且复合纤维对甲醛等有毒气体既有物理吸附，又有光降解化学反应，即纳米TiO2表面形成的强氧化性空穴-电子对将吸附到硅藻土表面的甲醛氧化成二氧化碳和水；吸附降解层结合了物理吸附和化学降解反应的优点，能够实现有毒气体浓度的快速降低兼持续稳定地分解；
该环保复合材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1、采用平板硫化机将亲肤层与沉积有吸附降解层的外罩层进行复合，具体参数：复合压力为5-6MPa，复合温度为68-70℃；
步骤S2、采用超声波进行二道复合，热轧机上安装有一对刻花辊，刻花辊轧点尺寸为0.18cm*0.23cm，轧点之间的距离为3.5cm，轧点倾斜方向与热轧辊轴中心线的夹角为45°，热轧辊压力控制在50-60N/mm；
步骤S3、将经过两道复合后的材料，放入柠檬精油蒸汽中熏蒸2-3min，自然冷却后，得到环保复合材料；进行柠檬精油熏蒸，不仅能够获得沁人心脾的柠檬香气，改善气味，增加人体佩戴的舒适性；
二道复合时，采用热轧机上安装有刻花辊，能够对复合材料进行多点轧合，不仅能够增强复合材料三层之间的结合牢度，而且通过点式轧合，能够保证复合材料的透气性和过滤效率。
实施例1
一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料，包括依次设置的外罩层、吸附降解层和亲肤层，外罩层位于最外层，外罩层采用活性炭布，通过静电纺丝法在活性炭布的内侧表面沉积有吸附降解纤维膜，作为吸附降解层；
该环保复合材料由如下步骤制成：
步骤S1、采用平板硫化机将亲肤层与沉积有吸附降解层的外罩层进行复合，具体参数：复合压力为5MPa，复合温度为70℃；
步骤S2、采用超声波进行二道复合，热轧机上安装有一对刻花辊，刻花辊轧点尺寸为0.18cm*0.23cm，轧点之间的距离为3.5cm，轧点倾斜方向与热轧辊轴中心线的夹角为45°，热轧辊压力控制在50N/mm；
步骤S3、将经过两道复合后的材料，放入柠檬精油蒸汽中熏蒸2min，自然冷却后，得到环保复合材料。
实施例2
一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料，包括依次设置的外罩层、吸附降解层和亲肤层，外罩层位于最外层，外罩层采用活性炭布，通过静电纺丝法在活性炭布的内侧表面沉积有吸附降解纤维膜，作为吸附降解层；
该环保复合材料由如下步骤制成：
步骤S1、采用平板硫化机将亲肤层与沉积有吸附降解层的外罩层进行复合，具体参数：复合压力为5.5MPa，复合温度为69℃；
步骤S2、采用超声波进行二道复合，热轧机上安装有一对刻花辊，刻花辊轧点尺寸为0.18cm*0.23cm，轧点之间的距离为3.5cm，轧点倾斜方向与热轧辊轴中心线的夹角为45°，热轧辊压力控制在55N/mm；
步骤S3、将经过两道复合后的材料，放入柠檬精油蒸汽中熏蒸2.5min，自然冷却后，得到环保复合材料。
实施例3
一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料，包括依次设置的外罩层、吸附降解层和亲肤层，外罩层位于最外层，外罩层采用活性炭布，通过静电纺丝法在活性炭布的内侧表面沉积有吸附降解纤维膜，作为吸附降解层；
该环保复合材料由如下步骤制成：
步骤S1、采用平板硫化机将亲肤层与沉积有吸附降解层的外罩层进行复合，具体参数：复合压力为6MPa，复合温度为68℃；
步骤S2、采用超声波进行二道复合，热轧机上安装有一对刻花辊，刻花辊轧点尺寸为0.18cm*0.23cm，轧点之间的距离为3.5cm，轧点倾斜方向与热轧辊轴中心线的夹角为45°，热轧辊压力控制在60N/mm；
步骤S3、将经过两道复合后的材料，放入柠檬精油蒸汽中熏蒸3min，自然冷却后，得到环保复合材料。
对比例1
将实施例1中的亲肤层换为普通无纺布，其余制备过程不变。
对比例2
实施例1中的吸附降解层在制备过程中，将纺丝液中的改性纳米TiO2换为普通TiO2进行静电纺丝，其余制备过程不变。
对比例3
实施例1中的吸附降解层在制备过程中，将纺丝液中的酸化后硅藻土换为普通硅藻土进行静电纺丝，其余制备过程不变。
对比例4
实施例1中的吸附降解层在制备过程中，去掉纺丝液中的改性纳米TiO2和酸化后的硅藻土进行静电纺丝，其余制备过程不变。
对比例5
将实施例1中对三层材料进行复合时，仅采用步骤S1进行复合。
对实施例1-3和对比例1-5制得的复合材料进行如下性能测试：
采用全自动透气量仪测试透气率；采用空气检测仪测试PM2.5指数来测试过滤性能；采用电感耦合等离子光谱发生仪对亲肤层的银离子多次浸泡浓度进行检测以确定其载Ag牢度；通过降解甲醛来测定光催化降解性能，甲醛的初始浓度为0.68mg/m3，经过6h光照后，测定甲醛降解率；
Figure BDA0002103345030000111
Figure BDA0002103345030000121
可知，实施例1-3制得的复合材料的透气率为485-495mm·s-1，透湿率为8.6-8.9kg/m·m·24h，对PM2.5的过滤效率为99.0-99.4％，经过6h光照后对甲醛的吸附降解率为89.5-90.5％，说明本发明制得的复合材料具有透气、吸湿、过滤效果好、能够吸附降解甲醛等有毒气体，能够有效防雾霾、防毒气；结合对比例1，说明选择的亲肤层具有优异的透气吸湿性，与人体皮肤接触，具有很好的亲肤效果和舒适性；结合对比例2，说明吸附降解层中纳米TiO2颗粒经过改性处理能够提高光催化效果，进而提高对甲醛的吸附降解率；结合对比例3，说明硅藻土经过酸化后，能够提高吸附效果，进而提升对PM2.5的过滤效率；结合对比例4，说明TiO2和硅藻土的加入能够提高对甲醛的吸附降解率，提高对PM2.5的吸附效率；结合对比例5，说明经过二次复合后，通过点式轧合，能够保证复合材料的透气性和过滤效率。
以上公开的本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。优选实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节，也不限制该发明仅为所述的具体实施方式。显然，根据本说明书的内容，可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例，是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用，从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地理解和利用本发明。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料，其特征在于，包括依次设置的外罩层、吸附降解层和亲肤层，外罩层位于最外层；
外罩层采用活性炭布，通过静电纺丝法在活性炭布的内侧表面沉积有吸附降解纤维膜，作为吸附降解层；
亲肤层位于最内层，亲肤层由如下方法制成：
按照固液比1g:50mL将麻布浸润于质量分数为5%的AgNO3溶液中，浸渍20-25min后将麻布取出，采用紫外线灯在波长为365nm条件下照射30-35min，使Ag+还原为纳米Ag，辐照还原完成后，将麻布置于140-150℃真空干燥箱内干燥120-140min，得到亲肤层；
用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料由如下步骤制成：
步骤S1、采用平板硫化机将亲肤层与沉积有吸附降解层的外罩层进行复合，具体参数：复合压力为5-6MPa，复合温度为68-70℃；
步骤S2、采用超声波进行二道复合，热轧机上安装有一对刻花辊，刻花辊轧点尺寸为0.18cm*0.23cm，轧点之间的距离为3.5cm，轧点倾斜方向与热轧辊轴中心线的夹角为45°，热轧辊压力控制在50-60N/mm；
步骤S3、将经过两道复合后的材料，放入柠檬精油蒸汽中熏蒸2-3min，自然冷却后，得到环保复合材料；
所述吸附降解层由如下方法制成：
（1）量取3-4mL的N-甲基吡咯烷酮和60mL的超纯水于烧杯中，常温下用磁力搅拌器搅拌15-20min，接着称取2.8g的TiO2粉末倒入该烧杯中，在常温下继续用磁力搅拌器搅拌30min，然后将混合液转移至水热反应釜中，150℃条件下反应18-20h，充分冷却后，对产物分别进行醇洗和水洗，置于60℃真空干燥箱中干燥12h，研磨过100目筛，得到改性TiO2；
（2）将改性纳米TiO2分散于超纯水中，超声50-60min后，加入酸处理后的硅藻土，充分搅拌后进行过滤、洗涤、离心和干燥，得到添加物；其中，改性纳米TiO2与硅藻土的质量之比为1:2-3；
（3）将添加物和聚环氧乙烷加入体积比为95：5的二氯乙烷-无水乙醇混合溶剂中，充分搅拌混合，得到混合液，其中，聚环氧乙烷的质量浓度为40mg/mL，添加物为聚乳酸质量的2%；将混合液作为纺丝液，利用静电纺丝技术，以活性炭布为基底接收静电纺纳米纤维，得到吸附降解层；
步骤（3）中的静电纺丝参数设置为：纺丝电压25kV，纺丝距离20cm，纺丝速度为0.004mL/s，得到的静电纺纳米纤维的平均直径为470nm，纺丝时间8-9h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防有毒气体的环保复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1、采用平板硫化机将亲肤层与沉积有吸附降解层的外罩层进行复合，具体参数：复合压力为5-6MPa，复合温度为68-70℃；
步骤S2、采用超声波进行二道复合，热轧机上安装有一对刻花辊，刻花辊轧点尺寸为0.18cm*0.23cm，轧点之间的距离为3.5cm，轧点倾斜方向与热轧辊轴中心线的夹角为45°，热轧辊压力控制在50-60N/mm；
步骤S3、将经过两道复合后的材料，放入柠檬精油蒸汽中熏蒸2-3min，自然冷却后，得到环保复合材料。
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