CN110328366B

CN110328366B - Desktop formula increase and decrease material is compound prints manufacture equipment

Info

Publication number: CN110328366B
Application number: CN201910660886.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许江涛; 冯勇; 朱子豪; 王晓宇; 王浩祥
Original assignee: Nanjing Institute of Technology
Current assignee: Nanjing Institute of Technology
Priority date: 2019-07-22
Filing date: 2019-07-22
Publication date: 2021-11-02
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-22
Also published as: CN110328366A

Abstract

The invention relates to desktop type material increasing and decreasing composite printing manufacturing equipment, and belongs to the field of material increasing and manufacturing. The material reducing device is located on the right side of the material adding device and faces the right section of the workbench moving device, and the material adding device faces the left section of the workbench moving device. The printing workbench is installed on the workbench moving device, and the workbench moving device drives the printing workbench to move back and forth between the material increasing device and the material reducing device to perform printing operation. The sealed cabin is arranged on the left sections of the material adding device and the workbench moving device in a spanning mode, a sealed cabin door for the printing workbench to pass through is arranged on the sealed cabin, and the sealed cabin is connected with an inert gas adjusting system used for providing an inert material adding operation environment for the material adding device in a matching mode. According to the invention, the material increasing and reducing processing processes are not interfered with each other, the inert gas adjusting system can automatically adjust the atmosphere environment in the sealed cabin when the material increasing and reducing are switched, and is not influenced by the material reducing processing, the stability of the material increasing and manufacturing process is high, the time for constructing the atmosphere protection environment is short, and the efficiency is high.

Description

Desktop formula increase and decrease material is compound prints manufacture equipment

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and relates to desktop type additive and subtractive composite printing and manufacturing equipment.

Background

Additive manufacturing (additive manufacturing) is a technology for manufacturing solid parts by adopting a method of gradually accumulating materials, and is a manufacturing method from bottom to top compared with the traditional material removing-cutting processing technology. The technology does not need traditional tools, clamps and a plurality of processing procedures, and can rapidly and precisely manufacture parts with any complex shapes on one device, thereby realizing free manufacture, solving the problem of forming of a plurality of complex structural parts which are difficult to manufacture in the past, greatly reducing the processing procedures and shortening the processing period. And the more complex the structure of the product, the more significant the speed effect of its manufacture. Through the accumulation and development of the technology, the domestic metal additive manufacturing technology is greatly developed in various aspects such as materials, processes, equipment, forming performance and the like, and particularly, the metal additive manufacturing technology is put into the industrial application stage in the fields of aerospace, nuclear energy, ocean engineering, automobile engineering and the like. However, the metal additive manufacturing technology mainly uses a molten pool of high-temperature liquid metal (such as laser metal deposition technology, electric arc additive manufacturing technology and the like) as a basic point, and the processes of point-to-line, surface-to-body and the like are carried out, so that the lower dimensional precision and surface quality of the formed part become necessary results.

The composite manufacturing method of material increase and decrease can well make up the defect of pure material increase and manufacture, can form various complex structures, and can ensure the surface quality and the dimensional accuracy of products. However, the material increasing and reducing functions of the existing material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing equipment are all completed at the same station, and the following problems exist when the same station executes two processes of material increasing and material reducing: for easily-oxidized materials, such as titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy and the like, inert gas atmosphere protection needs to be carried out on the whole station, the atmosphere environment is damaged when the materials are added or removed, and the time for constructing the atmosphere protection environment again is long, so that the efficiency is extremely low, which is also the main reason that the material adding and removing composite manufacturing of parts such as titanium alloy and the like is difficult to realize by the existing material adding and removing composite manufacturing equipment. Meanwhile, when the additive manufacturing blank body is subjected to material reduction, in order to ensure the surface quality, a cutting liquid is usually adopted to cool a cutter and a processed surface, the water content of the cutting liquid is high, the use of the cutting liquid destroys the additive manufacturing inert atmosphere, the reconstruction of the atmosphere takes long time, and the production efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a desktop type composite printing manufacturing device which can separate material increase and material reduction and provide an inert gas environment for material increase operation.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a desktop type material increasing and decreasing composite printing and manufacturing device comprises a device base, a material increasing device, a printing workbench, a workbench moving device, a material decreasing device and a sealed cabin;

the workbench moving device is integrally L-shaped and is fixedly arranged at the front part of the upper end surface of the equipment base; the material adding device and the material reducing device are fixedly arranged at the rear part of the upper end face of the equipment base, the material reducing device is positioned on the right side of the material adding device, the material adding device faces the left section of the workbench moving device, and the material reducing device faces the right section of the workbench moving device; the printing workbench is arranged on the workbench moving device, and the workbench moving device drives the printing workbench to move back and forth between the material adding device and the material reducing device to perform printing operation;

the sealed cabin is arranged on the left sections of the material adding device and the workbench moving device in a spanning mode, a sealed cabin door for the printing workbench to pass through is arranged on the sealed cabin, and an inert gas adjusting system used for providing an inert material adding operation environment for the material adding device is connected to the sealed cabin in a matched mode.

Further, the workbench moving device comprises a first rack, a second rack, a first moving guide rail, a second moving guide rail, a third moving guide rail, an upper support plate, a lower support plate and a motor;

the first rack is fixedly arranged at the lower left position of the upper end surface of the equipment base through a first rack support, the second rack is fixedly arranged at the lower right position of the upper end surface of the equipment base through a second rack support, and the two racks are at the same height, are mutually vertical and are not combined; two third moving guide rails which are parallel to each other are fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the equipment base, the two third moving guide rails are positioned on the left upper side of the second rack, and the two third moving guide rails are parallel to the second rack; the upper end surfaces of the two third moving guide rails are respectively provided with a first sliding groove which is transversely communicated, the bottom of the lower supporting plate is provided with four lower supporting plate bottom sliding blocks matched with the first sliding grooves, the four lower supporting plate bottom sliding blocks are respectively embedded in the corresponding first sliding grooves, and the lower supporting plate can move along the two third moving guide rails;

the two parallel first moving guide rails are fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the equipment base, and the two first moving guide rails are positioned on the right upper side of the first rack and the left upper side of the two third moving guide rails and are parallel to the first rack; the upper end surfaces of the two first moving guide rails are respectively provided with a second sliding groove which is transversely communicated, the bottom of the upper supporting plate is provided with four upper supporting plate bottom sliding blocks matched with the second sliding grooves, the four upper supporting plate bottom sliding blocks are respectively embedded in the corresponding second sliding grooves, and the upper supporting plate can move along the two first moving guide rails; the upper end surface of the lower supporting plate is provided with two second moving guide rails which are parallel to each other, the upper end surfaces of the two second moving guide rails are respectively provided with a third sliding chute matched with a sliding block at the bottom of the upper supporting plate, when the lower supporting plate moves to the leftmost end of the two third moving guide rails, the two second moving guide rails are respectively in one-to-one butt joint with the two first moving guide rails, and the upper supporting plate can move from the two first moving guide rails to the two second moving guide rails; the motor is invertd and is installed through the screw go up backup pad position under the right side, the output shaft of motor passes go up the backup pad, the tip fixed mounting of output shaft has the gear, the gear can with first rack reaches the cooperation of second rack, the drive go up the backup pad and remove along first movable guide, second movable guide and third movable guide.

Further, the sealed cabin further comprises a cabin body, the cabin body is arranged on the material adding device and the two first movable guide rails in a spanning mode, and the first rack support penetrate out of the cabin body; the left front side of the cabin body is provided with a glass window for observing the inside of the sealed cabin, the right front side of the cabin body is provided with a hole matched with the sealed cabin door, the top of the sealed cabin door is hinged with the cabin body, and a pair of air springs for supporting the sealed cabin door are symmetrically arranged between the cabin body and the sealed cabin door to realize the opening and closing of the sealed cabin door;

the inert gas adjusting system comprises an air source, an air pump, an air inlet pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, an oxygen content sensor and a pressure sensor, wherein the air source is connected with the air pump through a pipeline, the oxygen content sensor and the pressure sensor are installed in a sealed cabin, the two sensors are respectively linked with the air pump, the air pump is installed outside the sealed cabin and is communicated with the sealed cabin, one end of the exhaust pipeline is connected with the sealed cabin, the other end of the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the atmosphere, and an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust pipeline.

Further, a sealing rubber strip is arranged at the joint position of the edge of the sealing cabin door and the cabin body.

Furthermore, the printing workbench comprises an object stage, a second sliding table and a third sliding table, the third sliding table is fixed on the upper end surface of the upper supporting plate through screws, and the third sliding table is arranged in parallel to the first movable guide rail; a stepping motor for driving a sliding block of the third sliding table to move is fixed at the end part of the third sliding table; the second sliding table is perpendicular to the third sliding table and is fixed on a sliding block of the third sliding table through a screw; the end part of the second sliding table is fixedly provided with a stepping motor for driving the sliding block of the second sliding table to move, and the objective table is fixed on the sliding block of the second sliding table through screws.

Further, the material adding device comprises a first support, a first sliding table and a laser cladding head; the first support is in a door shape, the bottom of the first support is fixed on the upper end face of the equipment base through bolts, and the first support is positioned on the right upper side of the two first movable guide rails and is arranged in parallel to the first movable guide rails; the first sliding table is inverted and fixed at the upper part of the left front side of the first support, and a stepping motor for driving a sliding block of the first sliding table to move up and down is arranged at the top of the first sliding table; the laser cladding head is inverted and fixed on the sliding block of the first sliding table through a screw, and the height of the laser cladding head is higher than that of the object stage.

Further, the material reducing device comprises a second support, a fourth sliding table and a material reducing spindle head; the second support is of a frame structure, the bottom of the second support is fixed on the upper end face of the equipment base through bolts, and the second support is positioned on the upper right side of the first support and on the upper left sides of the two third movable guide rails; the fourth sliding table is inverted and fixedly installed at the top of the right front side of the second support, a stepping motor used for driving a sliding block of the fourth sliding table to slide up and down is arranged at the top of the fourth sliding table, the material reducing main shaft head is inverted and fixed on the sliding block of the fourth sliding table through a screw, and the material reducing main shaft head is higher than the object carrying table.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

for easily oxidized materials such as titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy and the like, the printing workbench can be stably moved between the material increasing device and the material reducing device through the workbench moving device, so that the material increasing and reducing processing processes are not interfered with each other, the atmosphere environment is not influenced by the material reducing processing, and the process stability of material increasing manufacturing is improved. In addition, the inert gas adjusting system can automatically adjust the atmosphere environment in the sealed cabin when the material increasing and reducing are switched, the time for constructing the atmosphere protection environment is short, and the efficiency is high. The desktop type material increasing and decreasing composite printing and manufacturing equipment is also suitable for printing and manufacturing the non-oxidizable material.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a desktop type material-increasing and material-decreasing composite printing manufacturing device of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the printing and manufacturing apparatus of the present invention with the sealed cabin removed;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an additive region according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a material reducing region according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram (bottom view) of a gear in the present invention during the orbital transfer between a first rack and a second rack;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the first, second and third movable rails of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the capsule;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the upper support plate moving along the guide rail according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an inert gas conditioning system;

reference numerals: 1-an equipment base, 2-a material adding device, 201-a first support, 202-a first sliding table, 203-a laser cladding head; 3-printing workbench, 301-object stage, 302-second sliding table, 303-third sliding table; 4-workbench moving device, 401-first rack, 402-second rack, 403-first rack support, 404-second rack support, 405-first moving guide rail, 406-second moving guide rail, 407-third moving guide rail, 408-upper support plate, 409-upper support plate bottom slide block, 410-lower support plate, 411-lower support plate bottom slide block, 412-motor, 413-gear; 5-material reducing device, 501-second support, 502-fourth sliding table, 503-material reducing main shaft head; 6-sealed cabin, 601-cabin body, 602-glass window, 603-air spring, 604-sealed cabin door.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

The desktop type material increase and decrease composite printing and manufacturing equipment shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 comprises an equipment base 1, a material increase device 2, a printing workbench 3, a workbench moving device 4, a material decrease device 5 and a sealed cabin 6.

Referring to fig. 2, the apparatus base 1 is a horizontally disposed rectangular plate, and the worktable moving device 4 is integrally L-shaped and fixedly mounted in front of the upper end surface of the apparatus base 1. Material increase device 2 and subtract material device 5 equal fixed mounting in equipment base 1 up end rear portion, subtract material device 5 and be located material increase device 2 right side to, material increase device 2 faces workstation mobile device 4 left side section, subtracts material device 5 and faces workstation mobile device 4 right side section. The printing table 3 is mounted on a table moving device 4, and the table moving device 4 drives the printing table 3 to move back and forth between the material adding device 2 and the material reducing device 5 to perform a printing operation. With reference to fig. 1, the sealed cabin 6 spans over the left sections of the additive manufacturing device 2 and the workbench moving device 4, a sealed cabin door 604 for the printing workbench 3 to pass through is arranged on the sealed cabin 6, and the sealed cabin 6 is connected with an inert gas adjusting system for providing an inert additive manufacturing environment for the additive manufacturing device 2 in a matching manner.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 to 6, the table moving means 4 includes a first rack 401, a second rack 402, a first rack support 403, a second rack support 404, a first moving rail 405, a second moving rail 406, a third moving rail 407, an upper support plate 408, a lower support plate 410, and a motor 412. Referring to fig. 4, the first rack support 403 is fixedly installed at the lower left position of the upper end surface of the apparatus base 1, and is parallel to the lower left side of the apparatus base 1. The second rack support 404 is fixedly installed at the lower right position of the upper end surface of the equipment base 1 and is parallel to the lower right side of the equipment base 1. The first rack 401 is installed on the upper portion of the first rack support 403 in parallel, the second rack 402 is installed on the upper portion of the second rack support 404 in parallel, the first rack 401 and the second rack 402 are respectively parallel to and parallel to the corresponding rack supports, and the two ends of the first rack 401 and the two ends of the second rack 402 are parallel to and parallel to each other, and the first rack 401 and the second rack 402 are at the same height, perpendicular to each other and not jointed.

Two parallel third moving guide rails 407 are fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the apparatus base 1, and the two third moving guide rails 407 are located on the upper left side of the second rack 402, and the two third moving guide rails 407 are parallel to the second rack 402. Referring to fig. 3 and 6, the upper end surfaces of the two third moving guide rails 407 are respectively provided with a first sliding slot running through in the transverse direction, the bottom of the lower support plate 410 is provided with four lower support plate bottom sliding blocks 411 matching with the first sliding slots, and the four lower support plate bottom sliding blocks 411 are respectively embedded in the corresponding first sliding slots, so that the lower support plate 410 can move along the two third moving guide rails 407. The two parallel first moving guide rails 405 are fixedly installed on the upper end face of the apparatus base 1, the two first moving guide rails 405 are located on the right upper side of the first rack 401 and on the left upper side of the two third moving guide rails 407, and the two first moving guide rails 405 are parallel to the first rack 401. The second spout that transversely link up has all been opened to two first movable guide 405 up end, goes up backup pad 408 bottom and is equipped with four last backup pad bottom sliders 409 that match with the second spout, goes up backup pad bottom slider 409 and inlays respectively in the second spout that corresponds in four to, go up backup pad 408 and can remove along two first movable guide 405. Referring to fig. 6, the upper end surface of the lower support plate 410 is provided with two second moving guide rails 406 parallel to each other, the upper end surfaces of the two second moving guide rails 406 are both provided with third sliding grooves matched with the sliding blocks 409 at the bottom of the upper support plate, when the lower support plate 410 moves to the leftmost ends of the two third moving guide rails 407, the two second moving guide rails 406 are respectively butted with the two first moving guide rails 405 one by one, so that the upper support plate 408 can move from the two first moving guide rails 405 to the two second moving guide rails 406. Referring to fig. 3, the motor 412 is disposed upside down and mounted at the lower right position of the upper support plate 408 by screws, the output shaft of the motor 412 passes through the upper support plate 408, and the end of the output shaft is fixedly mounted with a gear 413. referring to fig. 5, the gear 413 can cooperate with the first rack 401 and the second rack 402 to drive the upper support plate 408 to move along the first moving rail 405, the second moving rail 406 and the third moving rail 407.

As shown in fig. 3, the printing table 3 includes an object stage 301, a second slide table 302, and a third slide table 303, the third slide table 303 is fixed to the upper end surface of an upper support plate 408 by screws, and the third slide table 303 is disposed in parallel to a first moving guide 405. A stepping motor for driving the slider of the third sliding table 303 to move is fixed to the end of the third sliding table 303. The second sliding table 302 is arranged perpendicular to the third sliding table 303 and is fixed to a slider of the third sliding table 303 by screws. A stepping motor for driving the slider of the second sliding table 302 to move is fixed to an end of the second sliding table 302, and the object stage 301 is fixed to the slider of the second sliding table 302 by screws.

The additive manufacturing apparatus 2 includes a first support 201, a first slide 202, and a laser cladding head 203. First support 201 is the door type, and its bottom is fixed in on the equipment base 1 up end through the bolt, and first support 201 is located two first movable guide rails 405 upper right sides, and is on a parallel with the setting of first movable guide rail 405. The first sliding table 202 is inverted and fixed at the middle position of the upper portion of the left front side of the first support 201, and a stepping motor for driving the sliding block of the first sliding table 202 to move up and down is arranged at the top of the first sliding table 202. The laser cladding head 203 is inverted and fixed on the slide block of the first sliding table 202 through screws, and the height of the laser cladding head 203 is higher than that of the object stage 301.

As shown in fig. 4, the material reducing device 5 includes a second support 501, a fourth slide table 502, and a material reducing spindle head 503. The second support 501 is of a frame structure, the bottom of the second support 501 is fixed on the upper end surface of the equipment base 1 through bolts, and the second support 501 is located on the upper right side of the first support 201 and on the upper left side of the two third moving guide rails 407. The fourth sliding table 502 is inverted and fixedly mounted in the middle of the top of the front right side of the second support 501, a stepping motor for driving a sliding block of the fourth sliding table 502 to slide up and down is arranged at the top of the fourth sliding table 502, the material reducing spindle head 503 is inverted and fixed on the sliding block of the fourth sliding table 502 through a screw, and the height of the material reducing spindle head 503 is higher than that of the object stage 301.

As shown in fig. 1 and 7, the capsule 6 includes a capsule body 601 and a capsule door 604. Cabin 601 is spanned on additive package 2 and two first moving guide rails 405, and first rack 401 and first rack support 403 penetrate cabin 601. The left front side of the cabin body 601 is provided with a glass window 602 for observing the inside of the sealed cabin 6, the right front side of the cabin body 601 is provided with a hole matched with the sealed cabin door 604, the top of the sealed cabin door 604 is hinged with the cabin body 601, and a pair of air springs 603 for supporting the sealed cabin door 604 is symmetrically arranged between the cabin body 601 and the sealed cabin door 604 to realize the opening and closing of the sealed cabin door 604. In addition, in this embodiment, a sealing rubber strip is further disposed at a position where the edge of the sealing door 604 is connected to the cabin 601.

The inert gas adjusting system comprises a gas source, a gas pump, a gas inlet pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, an oxygen content sensor and a pressure sensor, wherein the gas source is connected with the gas pump through a pipeline, the oxygen content sensor and the pressure sensor are both installed in a sealed cabin 6, the two sensors are respectively linked with the gas pump, the gas pump is installed on the outer side of the sealed cabin 6 and is communicated with the sealed cabin 6 through the gas inlet pipeline, one end of the exhaust pipeline is connected with the sealed cabin 6, the other end of the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the atmosphere, and an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust pipeline. Referring to fig. 9, when the inert gas environment is created, the exhaust valve is opened, the gas pump pumps the inert gas from the gas source and injects the inert gas into the hermetic chamber 6 through the gas inlet pipe, and when the data measured by the oxygen content sensor and the pressure sensor reaches the desired inert gas environment, the exhaust valve and the gas pump are closed. When returning to the air environment, the exhaust valve is opened to enable the external air and the inert gas in the sealed cabin 6 to carry out convection diffusion until the data displayed by the pressure sensor and the oxygen content sensor reach the required air environment.

The specific use method of the desktop type material increasing and decreasing composite printing manufacturing equipment comprises the following steps:

referring to fig. 8, before the device is started, a workpiece to be processed (a workpiece to be subjected to additive processing on the original basis) is placed on an object stage 301, the initial position of the object stage 301 is set under a laser cladding head 203, a lower support plate 410 is moved to the position under a material reduction spindle head 503, a sealing cabin door 604 is closed, and an inert gas environment in a sealing cabin 6 is ensured through an inert gas regulating system; the additive machining is carried out on the workpiece by using the additive machining device 2, when additive defects occur on the workpiece, the operation of the additive machining device 2 is stopped, the operation of the inert gas adjusting system is suspended, the sealing cabin door 604 is opened, the lower support plate 410 is moved to the leftmost end of the third moving guide rail, the second moving guide rail 406 is overlapped and butted with the first moving guide rail 405, the motor 412 drives the gear 413 to rotate, the gear 413 is meshed with the first rack 401 to drive the upper support plate 408 to move above the lower support plate 410, the motor 412 continues to drive the gear 413 to rotate, the gear 413 is moved to the tail end of the first rack 401 to be separated, the gear 413 is meshed with the second rack 402, the gear spindle 413 continues to drive the upper support plate 408 and the lower support plate 410 to move along the third moving guide rail 407 to be right below a material reduction head, the additive defects of the workpiece are subjected to material reduction machining by using the material reduction device 5, and after the material reduction machining is finished, and (3) moving the upper support plate 408 to an initial position where the object stage 301 is located right below the laser cladding head 203, moving the lower support plate 410 to a position below the material reduction spindle head 503, closing the sealing cabin door 604, and after an inert gas environment in the sealing cabin is ensured through an inert gas adjusting system, performing additive machining on the workpiece again by the additive machining device 2, and repeating the steps in such a circulating manner until the additive machining of the workpiece is finished.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.

Claims

1. A desktop type material increasing and decreasing composite printing and manufacturing device is characterized by comprising a device base (1), a material increasing device (2), a printing workbench (3), a workbench moving device (4), a material decreasing device (5) and a sealed cabin (6);

the workbench moving device (4) is integrally L-shaped and is fixedly arranged at the front part of the upper end surface of the equipment base (1); the material adding device (2) and the material reducing device (5) are fixedly mounted at the rear part of the upper end face of the equipment base (1), the material reducing device (5) is positioned on the right side of the material adding device (2), the material adding device (2) faces the left section of the workbench moving device (4), and the material reducing device (5) faces the right section of the workbench moving device (4); the printing workbench (3) is arranged on the workbench moving device (4), and the workbench moving device (4) drives the printing workbench (3) to move back and forth between the material increasing device (2) and the material reducing device (5) to perform printing operation;

the sealed cabin (6) is arranged on the left sections of the material adding device (2) and the workbench moving device (4) in a spanning mode, a sealed cabin door (604) for the printing workbench (3) to pass through is arranged on the sealed cabin (6), and the sealed cabin (6) is connected with an inert gas adjusting system used for providing an inert material adding operation environment for the material adding device (2) in a matching mode;

the workbench moving device (4) comprises a first rack (401), a second rack (402), a first moving guide rail (405), a second moving guide rail (406), a third moving guide rail (407), an upper support plate (408), a lower support plate (410) and a motor (412);

the first rack (401) is fixedly arranged at the left lower position of the upper end surface of the equipment base (1) through a first rack support (403), the second rack (402) is fixedly arranged at the right lower position of the upper end surface of the equipment base (1) through a second rack support (404), and the two racks are at the same height, vertical to each other and not combined; two parallel third moving guide rails (407) are fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the equipment base (1), the two third moving guide rails (407) are positioned on the left upper side of the second rack (402), and the two third moving guide rails (407) are parallel to the second rack (402); the upper end surfaces of the two third movable guide rails (407) are respectively provided with a first sliding chute which is transversely penetrated, the bottom of the lower support plate (410) is provided with four lower support plate bottom sliding blocks (411) matched with the first sliding chutes, the four lower support plate bottom sliding blocks (411) are respectively embedded in the corresponding first sliding chutes, and the lower support plate (410) can move along the two third movable guide rails (407);

two parallel first moving guide rails (405) are fixedly arranged on the upper end face of the equipment base (1), the two first moving guide rails (405) are positioned on the right upper side of the first rack (401) and on the left upper side of the two third moving guide rails (407), and the two first moving guide rails (405) are parallel to the first rack (401); the upper end surfaces of the two first movable guide rails (405) are respectively provided with a second through chute, the bottom of the upper supporting plate (408) is provided with four upper supporting plate bottom sliding blocks (409) matched with the second chutes, the four upper supporting plate bottom sliding blocks (409) are respectively embedded in the corresponding second chutes, and the upper supporting plate (408) can move along the two first movable guide rails (405); the upper end surface of the lower supporting plate (410) is provided with two second moving guide rails (406) which are parallel to each other, the upper end surfaces of the two second moving guide rails (406) are respectively provided with a third sliding chute matched with a sliding block (409) at the bottom of the upper supporting plate, when the lower supporting plate (410) moves to the leftmost end of the two third moving guide rails (407), the two second moving guide rails (406) are respectively butted with the two first moving guide rails (405) one by one, and the upper supporting plate (408) can move to the two second moving guide rails (406) from the two first moving guide rails (405); the motor (412) is arranged at the right lower position of the upper support plate (408) in an inverted mode through a screw, an output shaft of the motor (412) penetrates through the upper support plate (408), a gear (413) is fixedly arranged at the end portion of the output shaft, and the gear (413) can be matched with the first rack (401) and the second rack (402) to drive the upper support plate (408) to move along the first moving guide rail (405), the second moving guide rail (406) and the third moving guide rail (407).

2. The desktop type material increasing and decreasing composite printing and manufacturing equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sealed cabin (6) further comprises a cabin body (601), the cabin body (601) is spanned on the material increasing device (2) and the two first moving guide rails (405), and the first rack (401) and the first rack support (403) penetrate through the cabin body (601); a glass window (602) used for observing the inside of the sealed cabin (6) is arranged on the left front side of the cabin body (601), a hole matched with the sealed cabin door (604) is formed in the right front side of the cabin body (601), the top of the sealed cabin door (604) is hinged with the cabin body (601), and a pair of air springs (603) used for supporting the sealed cabin door (604) is symmetrically arranged between the cabin body (601) and the sealed cabin door (604) to realize the opening and closing of the sealed cabin door (604);

inert gas governing system includes air supply, air pump, admission line, exhaust duct, oxygen content sensor and pressure sensor, the air supply with the air pump passes through the pipeline and links to each other, oxygen content sensor with pressure sensor all installs in capsule (6), two sensors respectively with the air pump linkage, the air pump is installed in the capsule (6) outside, through admission line and capsule (6) intercommunication, exhaust duct one end is connected with capsule (6), and the other end accesss to the atmosphere, the last discharge valve that is equipped with of exhaust duct.

3. The desktop type material increasing and decreasing composite printing and manufacturing equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein a sealing rubber strip is further arranged at a position where the edge of the sealing cabin door (604) is connected with the cabin body (601).

4. The desktop type material increasing and decreasing composite printing and manufacturing equipment as recited in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the printing workbench (3) comprises an object stage (301), a second sliding table (302) and a third sliding table (303), the third sliding table (303) is fixed on the upper end surface of the upper support plate (408) through screws, and the third sliding table (303) is arranged in parallel to the first moving guide rail (405); a stepping motor for driving the sliding block of the third sliding table (303) to move is fixed at the end part of the third sliding table (303); the second sliding table (302) is perpendicular to the third sliding table (303) and is fixed on a sliding block of the third sliding table (303) through screws; a stepping motor for driving the sliding block of the second sliding table (302) to move is fixed at the end part of the second sliding table (302), and the object stage (301) is fixed on the sliding block of the second sliding table (302) through screws.

5. The desktop type material increasing and decreasing composite printing and manufacturing equipment as claimed in claim 4, wherein the material increasing and decreasing composite printing and manufacturing equipment is characterized in that the material increasing and decreasing device (2) comprises a first support (201), a first sliding table (202) and a laser cladding head (203); the first support (201) is in a door shape, the bottom of the first support is fixed on the upper end face of the equipment base (1) through bolts, and the first support (201) is positioned on the right upper side of the two first movable guide rails (405) and is arranged in parallel to the first movable guide rails (405); the first sliding table (202) is inverted and fixed at the upper part of the left front side of the first support (201), and a stepping motor for driving a sliding block of the first sliding table (202) to move up and down is arranged at the top of the first sliding table (202); the laser cladding head (203) is inverted and fixed on the sliding block of the first sliding table (202) through screws, and the height of the laser cladding head (203) is higher than that of the object stage (301).

6. The desktop type material increasing and decreasing composite printing and manufacturing equipment as claimed in claim 5, wherein the material decreasing device (5) comprises a second support (501), a fourth sliding table (502) and a material decreasing spindle head (503); the second support (501) is of a frame structure, the bottom of the second support is fixed on the upper end face of the equipment base (1) through bolts, and the second support (501) is located on the upper right side of the first support (201) and on the upper left sides of the two third movable guide rails (407); the fourth sliding table (502) is inverted and fixedly installed at the top of the right front side of the second support (501), a stepping motor used for driving a sliding block of the fourth sliding table (502) to slide up and down is arranged at the top of the fourth sliding table (502), the material reducing main shaft head (503) is inverted and fixed on the sliding block of the fourth sliding table (502) through a screw, and the height of the material reducing main shaft head (503) is higher than that of the object stage (301).