CN110317094A - A kind of dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree and its production method - Google Patents

A kind of dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree and its production method Download PDF

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CN110317094A
CN110317094A CN201910710308.8A CN201910710308A CN110317094A CN 110317094 A CN110317094 A CN 110317094A CN 201910710308 A CN201910710308 A CN 201910710308A CN 110317094 A CN110317094 A CN 110317094A
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organic fertilizer
dedicated
fermentation
stalk
tea tree
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郑羽西
宋桐伊
吉庆
赵正一
许厚强
郑珊珊
赵温荣
余明波
龚选滔
姚佳欣
刘雨龙
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Moutai University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
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  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree and its production method, fermentation materials include following component in parts by mass: 60~80 parts of vinasse, 20~40 parts of stalk, 1.0~8.0 parts of bone meal, 0.1~1.0 part of potassium sulfate and 0.0~0.2 part of strain.The method fermentation time that the present invention produces lees organic fertilizer is short, attenuation degree is controllable, overcome the lower and C/N relatively low problem of lees organic fertilizer potassium content of the existing technology, obtained product indices meet the requirement of NY525-2012, and organic fertilizer slant acidity, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio meet 1:0.4:0.7 needed for growth of tea plant.

Description

A kind of dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree and its production method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the comprehensive utilizations of vinasse, and in particular to a kind of dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree and its applies to medium and small The production method of type liquor-making enterprise.
Background technique
China's white wine year output is about 1198.1 ten thousand kilolitres, and the annual emissions of vinasse are up to 3 × 107T or more.Wine Poor acidity is big, 50% or more moisture content, and the content of organic matter is high, easily corrupt, inconvenience storage, if handling not in time, easily to ring Biggish pollution is caused in border, seriously threatens " lifeline " made a living of relying of liquor-making enterprise.Another aspect vinasse are raw as white wine The by-product of production, rich in the nutritional ingredients such as amino acid, lipid, starch, cellulose and lignin, nitrogen (3.5%) rich in, The plants such as phosphorus (0.41%) must element, content of beary metal, roundworm number, Escherichia coli, antibiotic content are few, are fabulous to have The machine source of manure.Although lacking potassium element (0.44%), while C/N is than too low (12 or so) however, vinasse nitrogen and phosphorus element is abundant. Straw moisture content is lower, potassium content is higher (2%), carbon-nitrogen ratio is high (72 or so), can good supplement vinasse the shortcomings that. Organic fertilizer is made using vinasse raw material abundant and straw, environmental issue is both can solve, turns waste into wealth, and can be to have Machine agricultural planting provides organic fertilizer, has high economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit.
At present China using vinasse be raw material maker fertilizer be mainly peasant it is spontaneous utilize vinasse spontaneous fermentation, low output and Mostly oneself applies, simultaneously because technique, raw material are different, application effect is also not quite similar, some inferior vinasse are organic Fertilizer cannot improve soil and build up fertility or even also will affect crop yield.And most of middle-size and small-size winery is due to fund, technology Etc. reasons, it is powerless to carry out lees organic fertilizer production, and then there are serious environment hidden danger.
The prior art for preparing fertilizer special for tea trees using vinasse that can be inquired in Chinese patent literature mainly has: urn The 108203326A of the double camellia industry Co., Ltd applications in An County discloses a kind of green tea dedicated fertilizer, by Chinese medicine slag 50-70 Part, 60-80 parts of stalk, 20-40 parts of plant ash, 20-60 parts of farmyard manure, 20-30 parts of vinasse, 20-30 parts of chicken manure, duck excrement 20-30 Part, 10-20 parts of fishbone dust, 5-10 parts of tea leaf powder, tea tree branch 5-10 parts of powder, 10-20 parts of vegetable leaf, oilseeds stalk powder 10-15 Part, 1-5 parts of cotton cake dregs, 1-5 parts of silkworm excrement, 1-3 parts of rice straw powder, 1-3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-3 parts of EM bacteria agent, sea 1-3 parts of foreign spirillum powder is made, and joined a variety of biomass fertilizers in the fertilizer formula, and be free of any chemical fertilizer ingredient, The problem of not will cause the hardened and soil fertility decline of soil, meets the requirement of organic tea, using organic waste as raw material, It is able to achieve the comprehensive utilization of waste, and reduces production cost, the yield and product of organic tea can be greatly improved using the fertilizer Matter is added various fungi preparations middle in fertilizer, increases the fertility of soil, improve tea tree synthesis capability itself.Changning City Yao Yuan The 109293406A of ecological agriculture development in science and technology Co., Ltd application discloses a kind of Special organic fertilizer for tea, is by following matter The bulk pharmaceutical chemicals dregs of a decoction of amount part proportion are made: 100 parts of the sophora bud, 190-215 parts of Rhizoma Gastrodiae, 170-200 parts of rhizoma polygonati, wilsonii 190-215 Part, 280-320 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 140-165 parts of Radix Astragali, 180-215 parts of vinasse, 190-215 parts of purple perilla, 190-220 parts of Radix Isatidis, 20-30 parts of asafoetide.Incompatibility is not present in each material combination in the fertilizer special for organic, can produce organic tea, improve simultaneously Tea leaf quality.
However, preparing fertilizer special for tea trees using vinasse in the prior art, still remain following technical problem: vinasse are sent out naturally Ferment effect is poor, C/N than low, pH value is low, K content is low, will lead to cause soil further be acidified influence crop growth simultaneously and also It will lead to the generation of some soil-borne diseases, main nutrient composition loss is serious, carries out secondary fermentation in the soil.And due to lacking Weary potassium element is unable to reach N P and K optimal proportion needed for tealeaves.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the prior art to still remain, a kind of dedicated vinasse of tea tree are provided Organic fertilizer and its production method.
The technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A kind of dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tealeaves, fermentation materials include following component in parts by mass: vinasse 60~80 Part, 20~40 parts of stalk, 1.0~8.0 parts of bone meal, 0.1~1.0 part of potassium sulfate and 0.0~0.2 part of strain.
Wherein, strain is prepared by the inclusion of the method for following steps: by straw decomposing microbial inoculum and its 2~5 times of dry weight of jade Rice flour, which stirs, to be activated and is spread, and is added 5~8 times of decomposing microbial inoculum dry weight of stalk powder and is stirred evenly;Institute The main composition for the decomposing microbial inoculum stated is the Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) that deposit number is CICC No.13002 The Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Phanerochaetechrysosporium) for being CICC No.14076 with deposit number, decomposed bacterium Spore count >=2 × 10 of agent8cfu/g;Decomposing microbial inoculum Green trichoderma and Phanerochaete chrysosporium respectively account for 70% He of total bacteria count 30%.Here Trichoderma viride and Phanerochaete chrysosporium is existing bacterial strain.
Further, the stalk that the present invention uses includes broomcorn straw, corn stover, wheat stalk, tabacco straw, rice One of stalk or two or more combinations.The vinasse include one of Maotai-flavor vinasse, Luzhou-flavor vinasse and delicate fragrance type vinasse Or several combinations
Further, the pH of the fermentation materials of lees organic fertilizer is preferably 6~6.5, and carbon-nitrogen ratio C/N is preferably 25~35, Bulk density is preferably 0.4~0.6g/cm3.Specifically, between 11~12,20~40% stalk (C/N value is added in the C/N of vinasse 72 or so) C/N is adjusted between 25~35.
The relatively more viscous weight of vinasse itself, will lead to incomplete fermentations, stalk, which is added, not only can be adjusted to loose fresh vinasse State, and potassium content is higher (2.2% or so), can supplement potassium content in organic fertilizer.Manual mixing is difficult handle under normal circumstances Vinasse are adjusted to rarefaction, need using mechanical premix.It grabs a mixture with hand to exert oneself concentrate around one point, as spokes on acis pressure, whether observation material is dredged Pine can not agglomerate agglomerating, and bulk density is controlled in 0.4~0.6g/cm3.
The production method of above-mentioned lees organic fertilizer, includes the following steps:
(1) fermentation materials prepare: take a certain amount of vinasse, uniformly sprinkle account for total mass fraction 20~40% stalk, 1.0%~8.0% bone meal, 0.1~1.0% potassium sulfate, be uniformly mixed complete fermentation materials prepare;
(2) it connects strain: strain is sprinkling upon on prepared fermentation materials by the ratio uniform of mass fraction 0.0~0.3%;
(3) premix, Jian Tiaoduo: will regulate above and connect the material of strain, is uniformly mixed, builds up a pile;
(4) ferment: fermentation 5~7 days, a pile temperature, which is raised on 60~65 DEG C and pile, covers with hypha,hyphae, carries out first Secondary turning;After 2~3 days, a pile temperature is raised to 60~65 DEG C again, covers with hypha,hyphae, then carries out turning;Fermentation 12~ Enter the fermentation megathermal period after 15 days, the frequency of the principle adjustment turning with maintaining item pile temperature no more than 65 DEG C;Fermentation period is 22~25 days;
(5) latter stage of ripening: gravity-flow ventilation continues 4-8 weeks without turning.
Wherein, pile described in step (3) is preferably the pile that section is isosceles trapezoid;The isosceles trapezoid is preferred For 0.6 meter of upper bottom, go to the bottom 3.0 meters, it is 1.5 meters high.
The production method of this lees organic fertilizer further includes crushing, sifting step: it is 2~4cm length, hair that stalk, which crushes, It after ferment material passes through latter stage of ripening, is crushed with semi-moist materials crusher, the rotary screen after 2~4mm is screened, and vinasse are obtained Organic fertilizer final products.
When material is built up the fermentation of pile, 1) temperature change: 36~48 hours temperature rise to 50 DEG C under normal circumstances, and 48 60 DEG C or more are risen within~60 hours, 3~5 days stabilizations enter high for 8~10 days 60~65 DEG C (being covered with hypha,hyphae on pile) Warm fermentation phase, temperature reach 70 DEG C or more, and temperature should drop to 50 DEG C or less after fermentation.2) turning: ordinary circumstance 5~ 7 days, a pile temperature was raised to 60~65 DEG C, and mycelium is covered on pile, carried out first time turning;After 2~3 days, temperature is again It is secondary to rise to 60~65 DEG C, mycelium is covered with, turning is carried out;Into fermentation megathermal period, depending on pile temperature, principle maintaining item Pile temperature is no more than 70 DEG C, and turn pile frequency is every other day or daily;Fermentation period is 22~25 days.3) fermentation terminates: item after turning Pile temperature starts to fall after rise, there are no going back up to turn over the temperature before throwing originally after a period of time, shows that fermentation heap temperature is begun to decline, item Pile temperature drops to 50 DEG C hereinafter, compost moisture is 35% or so at this time, and appearance is brown, taupe or black, physical structure It is loose, it is ordorless, illustrate that compost is decomposed in place.After hot fermentation, vinasse fermentation oxygen demand is largely reduced, the gap Fei Dui Increase, the enhancing of oxygen diffusivity only needs gravity-flow ventilation without turning.Latter stage of ripening, continues 1~2 month, further living by microorganism It is dynamic to cure difficult decomposed material.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the method fermentation time that the present invention produces lees organic fertilizer is short, attenuation degree is controllable, Overcome the lower and C/N relatively low problem of lees organic fertilizer potassium content of the existing technology, obtained product indices Meet the requirement of NY525-2012, and organic fertilizer slant acidity, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio meets 1:0.4:0.7 needed for growth of tea plant.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the production method of lees organic fertilizer of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description.The numerical value or number ratios being directed to, it is such as undeclared, refer both to mass figures or mass ratio.
The flow chart of the production method of lees organic fertilizer of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1.
Lees organic fertilizer production needs certain site area to carry out banking up fermentation, while Virtual production equipment being needed to mention High working efficiency (being shown in Table 1).
The production scale in place and required device configuration of the middle-size and small-size liquor-making enterprise lees organic fertilizer of table 1
Embodiment 1:
(1) fermentation materials are prepared: being taken 75 parts of vinasse, uniformly sprinkled 20 parts of stalk, 8 parts of bone meal, 0.3 part of sulfuric acid Potassium is uniformly mixed and completes fermentation materials preparation, so that organic fertilizer final products nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1:0.4:0.7.
(2) it connects strain: strain is sprinkling upon on prepared fermentation materials by the ratio uniform of vinasse quality 0.1%.
(3) premix, Jian Tiaoduo: will regulate above and connect the material of strain, is uniformly mixed, builds up a pile.
(4) ferment: fermentation 5~7 days, a pile temperature, which is raised on 60~65 DEG C and pile, covers with mycelium, carries out for the first time Turning;After 2~3 days, a pile temperature is raised to 60~65 DEG C again, covers with mycelium, then carries out turning;Fermentation 12~15 days Enter the fermentation megathermal period afterwards, the frequency of the principle adjustment turning with maintaining item pile temperature no more than 70 DEG C;Fermentation period be 22~ 25 days.
(5) latter stage of ripening: gravity-flow ventilation continues 8 weeks without turning.
Pile described in step (3) is preferably the pile that section is isosceles trapezoid;The isosceles trapezoid be preferably on 0.6 meter of bottom is gone to the bottom 3.0 meters, 1.5 meters high.
Wherein, the production method of the lees organic fertilizer further includes crushing, sifting step: starting stalk before fermenting to crush to be 2 ~4cm length after fermentation materials pass through latter stage of ripening, is crushed with semi-moist materials crusher, and the rotary screen after 4mm is sieved Choosing, obtains lees organic fertilizer final products.
The method fermentation time that the present invention produces lees organic fertilizer is short, and attenuation degree is controllable, overcomes prior art presence Lees organic fertilizer potassium content is lower and C/N relatively low problem.What the lees organic fertilizer obtained by the method for the invention obtained Product, obtained product organic matter 76%, N, P205、K2O is respectively 2.7%, 1.1%, 1.9%, total nutrient 5.8%, pH= 6.0, moisture 24%, induced worm egg death rate and excrement colibacillus group number index meet needed for requirement and the growth of tea plant of NY525-2012 Nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio 1:0.4:0.7.
Embodiment 2:
(1) fermentation materials are prepared: taking 75 parts of vinasse, 20 parts of stalk, 5 parts of bone meal, 0.3 part of potassium sulfate, mixing It uniformly completes fermentation materials to prepare, so that organic fertilizer final products nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1:0.4:0.7.
(2) premix, Jian Tiaoduo: the material that will be regulated above is uniformly mixed, builds up a pile.
(3) ferment: fermentation 5~7 days, a pile temperature, which is raised on 60~65 DEG C and pile, covers with mycelium, carries out for the first time Turning;After 2~3 days, a pile temperature is raised to 60~65 DEG C again, covers with mycelium, then carries out turning;Fermentation 12~15 days Enter the fermentation megathermal period afterwards, the frequency of the principle adjustment turning with maintaining item pile temperature no more than 70 DEG C;Fermentation period be 22~ 25 days.
(4) latter stage of ripening: gravity-flow ventilation continues 8 weeks without turning.
Pile described in step (2) is preferably the pile that section is isosceles trapezoid;The isosceles trapezoid be preferably on 0.6 meter of bottom is gone to the bottom 3.0 meters, 1.5 meters high.
Wherein, the production method of the lees organic fertilizer further includes crushing, sifting step: starting stalk crushing before fermenting is 2cm length after fermentation materials pass through latter stage of ripening, is crushed with semi-moist materials crusher, and the rotary screen after 4mm is screened, Obtain lees organic fertilizer final products.
The method fermentation time that the present invention produces lees organic fertilizer is short, and attenuation degree is controllable, overcomes prior art presence Lees organic fertilizer potassium content is lower and C/N relatively low problem.What the lees organic fertilizer obtained by the method for the invention obtained Product, obtained product organic matter 79%, N, P205、K2O is respectively 2.7%, 0.9%, 1.7%, total nutrient 5.3%, pH= 5.8, moisture 28%, induced worm egg death rate and excrement colibacillus group number index meet requirement and the growth of tea plant institute of NY525-2012 Need nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio 1:0.4:0.7.
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or part of technical characteristic is carried out etc. With replacement, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in this Within the protection scope of invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree, including fermentation materials, it is characterised in that: the fermentation materials include to press matter as follows Measure the component of part meter: 60~80 parts of vinasse, 20~40 parts of stalk, 1.0~8.0 parts of bone meal, 0.1~1.0 part of potassium sulfate and strain 0.0~0.3 part.
2. the dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tealeaves according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the strain is by straw decomposing bacterium Agent, corn flour and stalk powder are made;The decomposing microbial inoculum is by Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) and yellow archespore hair Flat lead fungi (Phanerochaetechrysosporium) is made, spore count >=2 × 10 of decomposing microbial inoculum8cfu/g。
3. the dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the decomposing microbial inoculum Green wood Mould and Phanerochaete chrysosporium respectively accounts for the 70% and 30% of total bacteria count.
4. the dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the stalk includes sorghum stalks One of stalk, corn stover, wheat stalk, tabacco straw or rice straw and combinations thereof.
5. the dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pH of the fermentation materials be 6~ 6.5, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25~35, and bulk density is 0.4~0.6g/cm3.
6. the dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the organic fertilizer nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1: 0.4:0.7, pH value slant acidity.
7. a kind of production method of the dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree as described in any one of claim 1-6, feature exist In including the following steps:
(1) fermentation materials prepare: take a certain amount of vinasse, uniformly sprinkle the stalk for accounting for total mass fraction 20~40%, 1.0%~ 8.0% bone meal, 0.1~1.0% potassium sulfate, be uniformly mixed complete fermentation materials prepare;
(2) it connects strain: strain is sprinkling upon on prepared fermentation materials by the ratio uniform of mass fraction 0.0~0.3%;
(3) premix, Jian Tiaoduo: will regulate above and connect the material of strain, is uniformly mixed, builds up a pile;
(4) ferment: fermentation 5~7 days, a pile temperature, which is raised on 60~65 DEG C and pile, covers with hypha,hyphae, turn over for the first time Heap;After 2~3 days, a pile temperature is raised to 60~65 DEG C again, covers with hypha,hyphae, then carries out turning;Fermentation 12~15 days Enter the fermentation megathermal period afterwards, the frequency of the principle adjustment turning with maintaining item pile temperature no more than 65 DEG C;Fermentation period be 22~ 25 days;
(5) latter stage of ripening: gravity-flow ventilation continues 4-8 weeks without turning.
8. the production method of the dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the strain is logical It crosses the method preparation comprised the following steps: straw decomposing microbial inoculum and its 2~5 times of dry weight of corn flour is stirred into progress Activation and diffusion, add 5~8 times of decomposing microbial inoculum dry weight of stalk powder and stir evenly.
9. the production method of the dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: further include crush, Sifting step: it is 2~4cm length that stalk, which crushes, after fermentation materials pass through latter stage of ripening, is crushed with semi-moist materials crusher, then The rotary screen for crossing 2~4mm is screened, and lees organic fertilizer final products are obtained.
CN201910710308.8A 2019-08-02 2019-08-02 A kind of dedicated lees organic fertilizer of tea tree and its production method Pending CN110317094A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111233582A (en) * 2020-03-18 2020-06-05 漳州御品茶业有限公司 Organic fertilizer for organic tea and preparation method thereof

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104151042A (en) * 2014-07-16 2014-11-19 贵州省烟草科学研究院 Distilled grain organic fertilizer and production method thereof

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104151042A (en) * 2014-07-16 2014-11-19 贵州省烟草科学研究院 Distilled grain organic fertilizer and production method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111233582A (en) * 2020-03-18 2020-06-05 漳州御品茶业有限公司 Organic fertilizer for organic tea and preparation method thereof

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