CN110316181A - 启动混合动力车辆的内燃机的方法和系统以及包括启动内燃机的系统的混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

启动混合动力车辆的内燃机的方法和系统以及包括启动内燃机的系统的混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110316181A
CN110316181A CN201910217138.XA CN201910217138A CN110316181A CN 110316181 A CN110316181 A CN 110316181A CN 201910217138 A CN201910217138 A CN 201910217138A CN 110316181 A CN110316181 A CN 110316181A
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clutch
internal combustion
combustion engine
torque
revolving speed
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CN110316181B (zh
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A·埃里克松
A·扬松
J·福塞尔
M·居林
M·博曼
M·克龙
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Volvo Car Corp
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Volvo Car Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B60W10/023—Fluid clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B60W10/024—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches including control of torque converters
    • B60W10/026—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches including control of torque converters of lock-up clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
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    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/022—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the starter comprising an intermediate clutch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N5/00—Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage
    • F02N5/04—Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage of inertia type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
    • F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
    • F02P5/15—Digital data processing
    • F02P5/1502—Digital data processing using one central computing unit
    • F02P5/1506—Digital data processing using one central computing unit with particular means during starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

用于启动混合动力车辆的内燃机的方法和系统，其中内燃机适用于使驱动轴旋转，从而经由传动单元向混合动力车辆的至少一个驱动轮提供扭矩；其中传动单元包括第一离合器，第一离合器将内燃机连接到齿轮箱的输入轴，输入轴连接到变矩器，其中变矩器连接到第二离合器，第二离合器通过传动装置将变矩器连接到至少一个驱动轮，其中输入轴连接到电机；所述方法包括以下步骤：将第二离合器分离到预定的扭矩水平，使得第二离合器中存在滑动；接合锁止离合器；接合第一离合器以使内燃机达到第一转速；当内燃机达到第一转速时分离第一离合器；通过喷射燃料和点燃燃料来启动内燃机，并且在内燃机已经启动且以第二转速旋转时接合第一离合器。

Description

启动混合动力车辆的内燃机的方法和系统以及包括启动内燃 机的系统的混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于启动混合动力车辆的内燃机的方法，其中内燃机适用于使驱动轴旋转，从而经由传动单元向混合动力车辆的至少一个驱动轮提供扭矩。本公开还涉及用于启动混合动力车辆的内燃机的系统、包括用于启动内燃机的系统的混合动力车辆、计算机程序以及计算机程序产品。
背景技术
使用内燃机和辅助驱动源(例如电机)的组合的混合动力车辆由于其有效使用能量而变得越来越流行。内燃机可以间歇地运转，以基于行驶条件在需要时为混合动力车辆的传动系提供动力。在低速行驶情况下，混合动力车辆可以仅通过使用辅助驱动源来运行，并且当需要更多动力时，例如当以更高的速度行驶时，内燃机向传动系供应附加的动力。对于并联型混合动力车辆，内燃机和辅助驱动源都可以通过混合动力车辆的传动单元来驱动一个或多个驱动轮。
当启动内燃机时，通常使用具有启动马达的传统12V启动系统。然而，现代混合动力车辆使用48V电力系统或具有其它电压的系统，通常带有锂离子电池。电动启动马达也可用于48V系统以启动内燃机，但通常使用集成启动发电机(ISG)，其中电机适用于充当启动内燃机的启动马达并充当推进车辆的电动马达，并且用作当车辆由内燃机提供动力时给电池充电的发电机。然而，所使用的48V锂离子型电池的可用输出功率受到限制，这可能使得当ISG用于推进车辆时难以启动内燃机，尤其是在需要相对较高功率的较高速度的情况下。当以更高的速度或更高的加速度使用电机时，电力系统的功率预留相对较低。如果电力系统的最大输出例如是25kW，可以预留最大5kW以用于启动内燃机。如果电机满载，则预留的功率可能较小，并且可能不足以启动内燃机，尤其是在低温情况下。
该问题的一个常用解决方案是使用具有常规12V铅电池的12V启动马达。用于启动内燃机的另一替代方案是使用飞轮，以通过使用存储在飞轮中的能量来启动内燃机。
US6098584A公开了一种用于内燃机的启动装置，其包括用于使飞轮旋转的装置，该启动装置在脉冲启动方法中用于利用存储在飞轮中的旋转能量来启动发动机。或者，可以使用直接启动方法，其中集成启动发电机直接联接到发动机。转换装置根据发动机的温度在直接启动方法和脉冲启动方法之间切换，以便在相对较低的温度下使用脉冲启动方法，并且在相对较高的温度下使用直接启动方法。
这种启动装置的主要缺点是该解决方案不适用于现代混合动力车辆，现代混合动力车辆需要非常紧凑的发动机和传动装置设计，这种设计包括内燃机和辅助驱动源二者，并且能够在不同的行驶条件下启动内燃机，也适用于在非常低的温度下的冷启动。上述类型的启动装置还存在这样的风险：当从其中辅助驱动源输送动力的电驱动模式切换到其中内燃机也向混合动力车辆输送动力的混合动力驱动模式时，发生迟滞(hesitation)。
GB2413998A公开了一种控制混合动力车辆的传动系的方法，其中发动机由连接到飞轮的电动马达启动。该车辆设置有并联混合动力驱动装置，其具有发动机、马达发电机和连接到驱动轴的驱动齿轮组成的串联布置结构。可控摩擦离合器分别设置在马达发电机的输入侧和输出侧。在完全电动模式中，飞轮由电机加速以积累过剩的动量，其中以滑动模式控制输出离合器。使飞轮加速的可用功率取决于车辆的行驶条件。随后，马达输入侧的离合器的闭合使发动机启动。
在该解决方案中，使用由直列式马达发电机驱动的单独的飞轮来提供足够的扭矩以启动车辆的发动机。由于部件以串联设置，因此该解决方案不适合混合动力发动机的紧凑布局。另一个缺点是直列式马达发电机必须相对较大以便能够提供启动发动机所需的扭矩。此外，使用单独的飞轮给系统增加了额外的重量。
这些解决方案在大多数情况下都可以很好地起作用，但它们显示出一些缺点。一个缺点是飞轮的质量增加了车辆的重量。另一个缺点是使飞轮加速所需的时间取决于电力系统的可用预留功率。如果电机负载较重，则使飞轮加速的时间会相对较长。这将进而影响感知到的车辆驾驶性能。这当车辆正在加速并且需要来自内燃机的额外的动力以便能够实现所需加速时尤其明显。如果启动内燃机的时间太长，则驾驶员会注意到缓慢的加速。
因此，需要一种在包括内燃机和辅助驱动源的混合动力车辆中启动内燃机的改进方法，该方法在启动内燃机时防止迟滞。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于启动混合动力车辆中的内燃机的改进方法。另一个目的是提供一种包括这种改进方法的车辆。又一个目的是提供一种用于启动混合动力车辆的内燃机的改进系统。
在关于方法的权利要求1、关于系统的权利要求10和关于车辆的权利要求12的特征部分中描述了根据本发明的对问题的解决方案。其它权利要求包含本发明方法和系统的有利的进一步发展。权利要求还包含用于执行这种方法的计算机程序和计算机程序产品。
本公开涉及一种用于启动混合动力车辆的内燃机的方法，其中内燃机适用于使驱动轴旋转，从而经由传动单元向混合动力车辆的至少一个驱动轮提供扭矩；其中传动单元包括将内燃机连接到齿轮箱的输入轴的第一离合器，其中输入轴连接到变矩器，变矩器设置有锁止离合器或者任何其它与变矩器并联设置的合适的离合器，其中变矩器连接到第二离合器，第二离合器通过传动装置将变矩器连接到至少一个驱动轮，输入轴连接到电机，并且第一离合器打开，该方法包括以下步骤：将第二离合器分离到预定的扭矩水平，使得第二离合器中存在滑动；接合锁止离合器；接合第一离合器以使内燃机达到第一转速；当内燃机达到第一转速时分离第一离合器；通过喷射燃料和点燃燃料来启动内燃机；以及，当内燃机已经启动并且以第二转速旋转时接合第一离合器。上述方法的一个优点是可以通过简单且快速的方式启动内燃机。此外，该方法防止了启动内燃机时的迟滞。
根据本公开的一个实施方式，上述方法还包括在锁止离合器接合之前通过电机向变矩器输送附加扭矩的步骤。以这种方式，可以将附加的角动量增加至变矩器以启动内燃机，这将进一步增强启动过程。
根据本公开的一个实施方式，上述方法还包括当内燃机达到第一转速时将第一离合器分离到与电机输送的附加扭矩相对应的扭矩水平的步骤。该特征的优点在于，由于在内燃机的启动期间增加了额外的角动量，因此内燃机可以更快地启动。这还将允许车辆在非常低的温度下启动。
根据本公开的一个实施方式，内燃机的第一转速在300rpm至500rpm的范围内。
根据本公开的一个实施方式，内燃机的第二转速对应于第二离合器的转速。以这种方式，内燃机的转速与齿轮箱的输入轴的转速相同，这将允许第一离合器的平稳接合。
根据本公开的一个实施方式，第二离合器的扭矩水平在30Nm至300Nm的范围内。
根据本公开的一个实施方式，该方法还包括以下步骤：第二离合器接合到完全接合状态，以在内燃机启动时将扭矩输送到混合动力车辆的至少一个驱动轮。通过完全接合第二离合器，将不会由于第二离合器中的滑动而造成损失。
本发明还涉及一种用于在混合动力车辆由电机提供动力时启动混合动力车辆的内燃机的系统，其中该系统包括内燃机、电机和传动单元，其中传动单元包括齿轮箱，其中齿轮箱包括设置有锁止离合器的变矩器、第二离合器和传动装置，其中内燃机适用于使驱动轴旋转，从而经由传动单元向混合动力车辆的至少一个驱动轮提供扭矩，其中第一离合器将内燃机连接到齿轮箱的输入轴，其中输入轴连接到变矩器，其中变矩器连接到第二离合器，第二离合器通过传动装置将变矩器连接到至少一个驱动轮，其中输入轴还连接到电机，即本发明的目的通过以下实现：锁止离合器适用于在第二离合器已经分离到预定的扭矩水平，使得第二离合器中存在滑动之后进行接合，内燃机适用于通过接合第一离合器、通过存储在变矩器中的角动量来达到第一转速，并且第一离合器适用于保持分离直到内燃机已经启动并达到第二转速。上述系统的一个优点是获得了一种内燃机可以通过简单且快速的方式启动的系统。
根据本公开的一个实施方式，当通过喷射燃料和点燃燃料来启动内燃机时，第一离合器分离。当内燃机达到第二转速时，第一离合器接合。通过在内燃机的启动期间分离第一离合器，减小了启动内燃机所需的角动量。
本公开还涉及一种具有用于启动内燃机的系统的混合动力车辆、计算机程序和计算机程序产品。该计算机程序和计算机程序产品可以包括存储在计算机可读介质上的程序代码模块，以用于执行与本发明的方法有关的任何一个上述实施方式的所有步骤。这种计算机程序或计算机程序产品可以实施在本发明的以上公开系统的电气控制单元(ECU)中。
附图说明
下面将参考附图更详细地描述本发明，其中
图1示出了根据本发明的用于启动混合动力车辆的内燃机的示意性系统，
图2示出了根据本发明的包括用于启动内燃机的系统的示意性混合动力车辆，以及
图3示出了根据本发明的用于启动混合动力车辆的内燃机的方法的示意性流程图。
【附图标记说明】
1：系统
2：内燃机
3：第一离合器
4：第一滑轮
5：第二滑轮
6：柔性驱动构件
7：辅助驱动源
8：齿轮箱
9：锁止离合器
10：变矩器
11：第二离合器
12：输入轴
13：轴
14：传动装置
15：控制单元
16：驱动轮
17：传动单元
18：驱动轴
19：电能存储装置
30：混合动力车辆
31：传动系
具体实施方式
具有下面描述的进一步发展的本发明的实施方式仅被视为示例，并且决不限制由专利权利要求提供的保护的范围。
图1示意性地示出了用于启动混合动力车辆30(图2中示出)的内燃机2的系统1。混合动力车辆30包括传动系31(图2中示出)，传动系31包括内燃机2、经由驱动轴18连接到内燃机的传动单元17。内燃机2适用于使驱动轴18旋转，以经由传动单元17向混合动力车辆30的至少一个驱动轮16提供扭矩。传动单元17包括将内燃机2连接到齿轮箱8的输入轴12的第一离合器3。输入轴12连接到齿轮箱8的变矩器10。变矩器设置有锁止离合器9，当输入轴和第二离合器的转速相同时，可使用锁止离合器9来锁定变矩器10。例如在低发动机速度下，锁止离合器优选地分离，即打开。变矩器10连接到第二离合器11，第二离合器11又通过传动装置14将变矩器10连接到至少一个驱动轮16。传动装置14设置有适用于设定第二离合器和驱动轮之间的转速比的多个齿轮。输入轴还利用安装在输入轴12上的第一滑轮4和安装在电机7上的第二滑轮5连接到电机7。柔性驱动构件6将第一滑轮连接到第二滑轮。电机7也可以是安装在输入轴12上的直列式电机。
混合动力车辆30使用内燃机2和电机7的组合作为动力源，以向车辆30的至少一个驱动轮16提供扭矩。内燃机2可以间歇地运转，以根据行驶条件在需要时向混合动力车辆的传动系31提供动力。例如在低速行驶情况下，混合动力车辆30可以仅通过使用电机7来运行，并且当需要更多动力时，例如当以更高的速度行驶时，内燃机2向传动系供应附加的动力或者向传动系供应所有动力。内燃机2和电机7都可以通过混合动力车辆的传动单元17驱动一个或多个驱动轮16。
在这个示例中，混合动力车辆30使用具有电能存储装置19的48V电力系统。电能存储装置19可以例如是向电机7和混合动力车辆1的其它电气部件提供电能的锂离子电池单元系统。任何类型的合适的电池单元都可以单独或组合地用作电能存储装置。由于混合动力车辆30适用于仅在短距离内以全电动模式使用，因此电池的尺寸和功率可能相当有限。电机7优选地适用于充当电动马达和发电机。电机在电驱动模式下向混合动力车辆30供电。当内燃机2向混合动力车辆30提供动力时，电机可以充当给电能存储装置19充电的发电机。电机还可以用于回收制动能量，并且回收的制动能量可用于给电能存储装置19充电。电能存储装置和电气系统也可以具有其它电压。
输入轴12设置有第一滑轮4，并且电机7设置有第二滑轮5。电机7经由柔性驱动构件6连接到输入轴12。柔性驱动构件6可以例如是具有齿或没有齿的将扭矩传递至或传递出电机7的驱动皮带。或者，第一和第二滑轮也可以设置有适于与链条而不是皮带相互作用的齿。轴13从电机7延伸到第二滑轮5。在所示示例中，第二滑轮5的半径小于第一滑轮4的半径，使得在第二滑轮5和第一滑轮4之间建立固定的扭矩比。扭矩比可以基于例如混合动力车辆的类型和电机7输送的扭矩而不同，但通常在1：2至1：4的范围内，以建立驱动车辆30和启动发动机所需的足够动力。以这种方式，可以使用相对较小且紧凑的电机。
电机7通过具有柔性驱动构件6的布置结构被设置为与输入轴12处于偏移关系，而不是与输入轴12呈直线连接。该偏移布置结构将传动单元17的长度增加保持到最小，这给出了适合现代混合动力车辆的紧凑设计。另一个优点是电机可以容易地更换为其它类型的电机而不会影响发动机-传动装置，例如当需要功率更大的电机以用于更大的发动机或者要使用另一电压的电机时。如果电机磨损或损坏，也可以容易地更换电机，并且可以容易地改变扭矩比。电机也可以是设置在输入轴12上的集成启动发电机(ISG)。
第二离合器11将变矩器10连接到传动装置14。第二离合器11优选地是用于手动或自动传动装置的传统离合器类型。传动装置14将扭矩输送到混合动力车辆1的至少一个驱动轮16。第二离合器11被设置成，当通过变矩器10从内燃机2或电机7向至少一个驱动轮16输送扭矩时，以闭合状态使传动装置14接合，并且当没有向至少一个驱动轮16输送扭矩时，以打开状态使传动装置14与输入轴12分离。在第二离合器11的打开状态和闭合状态之间存在滑动区域。该滑动在第二离合器11从接合转换到分离时发生，反之亦然。实际上，这意味着第二离合器11的连接到变矩器10的部分与第二离合器11的连接到传动装置的部分相比具有不同的转速。这种转速的差称为滑动，并且可用于维持通过变矩器10的输入轴12与传动装置14之间的确定的扭矩传递水平。滑动可以基于所需扭矩水平而变化。当第二离合器11完全接合时没有滑动，并且相同地，当第二离合器11完全分离时没有滑动。
在启动内燃机2之前，混合动力车辆由电机7提供动力并且第一离合器3打开，即分离。当要启动内燃机时，车辆的控制单元发出启动信号。例如，当48V电池的SoC较低时，或者当车辆正在加速并且需要比电机能够输送的更多的功率时，可以发出启动信号。尤其是当车辆正在加速时，内燃机的启动过程很短是重要的，以便驾驶员不会注意到加速度的下降。
当已经发出启动信号时，第二离合器11分离到预定的扭矩水平，使得第二离合器中存在滑动。第二离合器中的滑动将允许与启动过程之前相同的扭矩被传递到传动装置。当第二离合器被设定到预定的扭矩水平时，锁止离合器9接合。通过接合锁止离合器，变矩器的角动量可用于发起内燃机的启动。当锁止离合器完全接合时，第一离合器接合。这将变矩器的角动量传递给内燃机，并且这将进而使内燃机达到第一转速。第一转速取决于发动机的类型，但是至少为300rpm优选为400rpm的转速是理想的。
当内燃机达到第一转速时，第一离合器再次分离。第一转速足以允许内燃机通过喷射燃料和点燃燃料来启动。由于内燃机在没有负载的情况下自由运转，因此现在内燃机的转速将快速上升。当内燃机达到第二转速时，第一离合器再次接合，使得内燃机可以向混合动力车辆提供动力。第二转速优选地与第二离合器的速度相同，使得当第一离合器接合时内燃机和输入轴之间没有速度差。当第一离合器已经接合时，第二离合器也可以完全接合，以避免传动系中的滑动。
在所描述的示例中，电机使用所有可用功率向车辆提供动力，并且电机不能向内燃机的启动过程输送任何附加的扭矩。在另一个示例中，在电气系统中存在功率预留。在这个示例中，电机将帮助启动内燃机。当发出启动信号时，电机被设定为输出最大扭矩。同时，第二离合器被设定为预定的扭矩水平。由电机输送的附加的扭矩将基于行驶条件使输入轴12和变矩器10加速到更高的转速。当达到变矩器的预定转速时，锁止离合器接合。现在可以如上所述使用变矩器的角动量来发起内燃机的启动。当锁止离合器完全接合时，第一离合器接合。这将变矩器的角动量输送给内燃机，并且这将进而使内燃机达到第一转速。第一转速取决于发动机的类型，但是至少为300rpm优选为400rpm的转速是理想的。
使用电机向变矩器供应附加的扭矩可以用于，通过向内燃机供应更高的角动量来更快地启动内燃机。当变矩器本身的扭矩不足以使内燃机达到第一转速，即内燃机的点火系统可以在此启动发动机的速度时，电机还可用于向变矩器供应附加的扭矩。以这种方式，电机被设定为增加缺失的扭矩。
在一个示例中，变矩器本身的扭矩可以使内燃机达到300rpm的转速，但是需要400rpm的转速来启动内燃机。在这种情况下，电机可以被设定为输送附加的扭矩，使得内燃机可以达到400rpm的转速。
当电力系统中有预留功率时，电机也可以帮助更快地启动内燃机。一种方式是如上所述的向变矩器供应附加的扭矩。另一种方式是在点火启动过程期间向内燃机供应附加的扭矩。当第一离合器已经接合并且变矩器的角动量已经被输送到内燃机时，第一离合器没有完全分离。相反，第一离合器被设定为与电机输送的附加的扭矩相对应的扭矩值。因此，电机的附加的扭矩将被传递到内燃机，这将有助于内燃机更快地达到第二转速。当达到第二转速时，第一离合器完全接合。
在一个示例中，电机7可以具有向混合动力车辆30输送150Nm的最大扭矩的能力。在电驱动模式的具体情况下，电机7输送100Nm以用于驱动混合动力车辆1。如果行驶条件改变并且例如需要向混合动力车辆30输送180Nm，则电机7将没有足够的功率来输送期望扭矩水平并且需要启动内燃机2来输送所需扭矩。为了启动内燃机，第一离合器3分离，使得输入轴和变矩器与内燃机断开。第二离合器11分离到预定的扭矩水平，例如100Nm，并且被设定为存在滑动以保持100Nm的扭矩水平，直到输入轴和变矩器被加速以启动内燃机2。当第一离合器3分离并且第二离合器11分离到100Nm的预定扭矩水平时，输入轴和变矩器通过电机7加速到预定转速。为了使输入轴和变矩器加速，可以使用电机7的50Nm的剩余可用扭矩水平，从而利用电机的150Nm的最大扭矩水平。当输入轴和变矩器达到期望转速时，第一离合器3接合以使用存储在输入轴、变矩器和辅助驱动源中的能量来发起内燃机2的启动过程。当达到内燃机2的第一转速时，第一离合器分离。
输入轴和变矩器的质量和转速可以根据混合动力车辆中使用的内燃机的类型和行驶条件而变化，但是通常启动内燃机所需的扭矩在50-200Nm的范围内。将输入轴和变矩器加速到期望转速所需的时间段非常短并且通常在200ms至500ms的范围内。输入轴和变矩器的转速可以在高于内燃机的第一转速50rpm至1000rpm的范围内，并且输入轴和变矩器的惯性可以在0.05kgm2至0.40kgm2的范围内。
在该示例中，电机在输入轴和变矩器的加速期间向混合动力车辆30输送100Nm，并且向输入轴和变矩器的加速输送50Nm。因此，从电机7输送出150Nm的最大扭矩水平。一旦内燃机2启动，来自电机7的功率可以根据行驶条件而减小，或者甚至设定为完全不输送扭矩，使得混合动力车辆30仅由内燃机2提供动力。如果需要，电机可以用于使用来自内燃机2的动力或者通过回收制动能量得到的动力给电能存储装置充电。
当电机用于向变矩器输送附加的扭矩时，设置在第一离合器3和第二离合器11之间的所有旋转部件归入存储扭矩的旋转质量体。这包括电机本身、第一滑轮、第二滑轮、柔性驱动构件、变矩器的部件、变矩器与第二离合器之间的内轴。
当接合锁止离合器或者当使输入轴和变矩器构成的质量体加速时，内燃机2经由第一离合器3与输入轴断开。第一离合器3被设置成在闭合状态下使输入轴与内燃机2接合，并且在打开状态下使输入轴与内燃机2分离。第一离合器3例如可以是设置在输入轴和内燃机2之间的传统摩擦离合器。
通过接合第一离合器3，使得变矩器的角动量经由驱动轴18从输入轴12输送到内燃机，从而发起内燃机2的启动。当内燃机2已经启动并且正在向混合动力车辆30输送动力时，第一离合器3处于其闭合状态并且将输入轴12连接到内燃机2。当内燃机2关闭时，第一离合器3使输入轴与内燃机2分离，从而第一离合器处于其打开状态。以这种方式，当仅电机7向混合动力车辆30输送动力时，内燃机2与输入轴12和传动单元17的其它部分断开。
用于启动内燃机2的系统1适合用于混合动力车辆30中。混合动力车辆30设置有控制单元15，其适用于控制启动内燃机的系统和方法。控制单元15连接到混合动力车辆30的控制系统，该控制系统例如控制内燃机2和混合动力车辆30的其它部分。上述方法步骤优选地由车辆的电子控制单元所包含和运行的计算机程序和计算机程序产品执行。
图2示意性示出了具有示意性传动系31的汽车形式的混合动力车辆30。传动系包括内燃机2、经由驱动轴18连接到内燃机的传动单元17，如图1所示。内燃机可以经由传动单元17向混合动力车辆30的至少一个驱动轮16提供扭矩。
图3示出了用于启动混合动力车辆的内燃机的方法的流程图。在该方法中，混合动力车辆由电机7提供动力并且第一离合器3打开。
在步骤100中，第二离合器11分离到预定的扭矩水平，使得第二离合器中存在滑动。以这种方式，车辆将以相同的速度继续行驶并且驾驶员将不会注意到速度变化。
在步骤110中，变矩器10的锁止离合器9接合。通过快速接合锁止离合器，变矩器的全部角动量可用于发起内燃机的启动过程。
在步骤120中，第一离合器3接合以使内燃机达到第一转速。
在步骤130中，当内燃机达到第一转速时，第一离合器3分离。
在步骤140中，通过喷射燃料和点燃燃料来启动内燃机。这是内燃机的正常启动程序，该启动程序可以在内燃机的转速高于指定转速时执行，在这种情况下，启动程序在高于第一转速时执行。
在步骤150中，当内燃机2已经启动并且内燃机的转速等于第二转速时，第一离合器3接合。第二转速优选地对应于传动单元的输入轴12的转速，使得第二离合器11中不存在滑动或者存在有限的滑动。因此，当第一离合器3接合时，内燃机2和第二离合器优选地同步。
本发明不应被视为限于上述实施方式，在随后的专利权利要求的范围内可以有许多额外的变型和修改。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于当混合动力车辆(30)由电机(7)提供动力时启动所述混合动力车辆的内燃机(2)的方法，其中所述内燃机(2)适用于使驱动轴(18)旋转，以经由传动单元(17)向所述混合动力车辆(30)的至少一个驱动轮(16)提供扭矩，所述传动单元(17)包括将所述内燃机(2)连接至齿轮箱(8)的输入轴(12)的第一离合器(3)，所述输入轴(12)连接到设置有锁止离合器(9)的变矩器(10)，其中所述变矩器(10)连接到第二离合器(11)，所述第二离合器(11)通过传动装置(14)将所述变矩器(10)连接到所述至少一个驱动轮(16)，所述输入轴(12)还连接到所述电机(7)，并且所述第一离合器(3)打开，所述方法包括以下步骤：
将所述第二离合器(11)分离到预定扭矩水平，使得所述第二离合器(11)中存在滑动；
接合所述锁止离合器(9)；
接合所述第一离合器(3)以使所述内燃机达到第一转速；
当所述内燃机达到所述第一转速时分离所述第一离合器(3)；
通过喷射燃料和点燃燃料来启动所述内燃机，以及
当所述内燃机(2)已经启动并以第二转速旋转时接合所述第一离合器(3)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下附加步骤：在所述锁止离合器(9)接合之前通过所述电机(7)向所述变矩器(10)输送附加扭矩。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下附加步骤：当所述内燃机达到所述第一转速时将所述第一离合器(3)分离到与所述电机(7)输送的所述附加扭矩相对应的扭矩水平。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述内燃机(2)的所述第一转速在300rpm至500rpm的范围内。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述内燃机(2)的所述第一转速为400rpm。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述内燃机(2)的所述第二转速高于800rpm。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述内燃机(2)的所述第二转速对应于所述第二离合器(11)的转速。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二离合器(11)的所述预定扭矩水平在30Nm至300Nm的范围内。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括以下步骤：所述第二离合器(11)接合至完全接合状态，以当所述内燃机(2)已经启动时向所述混合动力车辆(30)的所述至少一个驱动轮(16)输送扭矩。
10.一种用于当混合动力车辆(30)由电机(7)提供动力时启动所述混合动力车辆的内燃机(2)的系统(1)，其中所述系统包括内燃机(2)、电机(7)和传动单元(17)，其中所述传动单元(17)包括齿轮箱(8)，其中所述齿轮箱(8)包括设置有锁止离合器(9)的变矩器(10)、第二离合器(11)和传动装置(14)，其中所述内燃机(2)适用于使驱动轴(18)旋转，以经由所述传动单元(17)向所述混合动力车辆(30)的至少一个驱动轮(16)提供扭矩，其中所述第一离合器(3)将所述内燃机(2)连接到所述齿轮箱(8)的输入轴(12)，其中所述输入轴(12)连接到变矩器(10)，其中所述变矩器(10)连接到所述第二离合器(11)，所述第二离合器(11)通过所述传动装置(14)将所述变矩器(10)连接到所述至少一个驱动轮(16)，其中所述输入轴(12)还连接到所述电机(7)，其特征在于，所述锁止离合器(9)适用于在所述第二离合器(11)已经分离到预定扭矩水平，使得所述第二离合器(11)中存在滑动之后进行接合，所述内燃机(2)适用于通过接合所述第一离合器(3)、通过存储在所述变矩器(10)中的角动量来达到第一转速，并且所述第一离合器(3)适用于保持分离直到所述内燃机(2)已经启动并达到第二转速。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一离合器(3)适用于在所述内燃机(2)达到所述第二转速时接合。
12.一种混合动力车辆(30)，其特征在于，所述混合动力车辆(30)包括根据权利要求10或11所述的系统(1)。
13.一种计算机程序，包括用于当所述程序在计算机上运行时执行权利要求1至9中的任一项的所有步骤的程序代码模块。
14.一种计算机程序产品，包括存储在计算机可读介质上的用于当所述程序产品在计算机上运行时执行权利要求1至9中的任一项的所有步骤的程序代码模块。
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