CN110302812B - 一种碘空位BiO1.2I0.6/WO3复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种碘空位BiO1.2I0.6/WO3复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
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- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于光催化环境污染物净化技术领域,具体涉及一种碘空位BiO1.2I0.6/WO3复合材料及其制备方法和应用。以球磨后的碘空位BiO1.2I0.6和WO3均匀粉体作为前驱体,在马弗炉中升温加热至350‑550℃,焙烧2‑6h,获得可见光驱动深度分解VOCs光催化复合材料BiO1.2I0.6/WO3。将其应用于VOCs处理中,40wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3光催化分解典型VOCs甲苯的效率分别为BiO1.2I0.6和WO3的1.2和1.4倍。瞬态光电流测试结果显示,40wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3中光生电子和空穴分离效率明显高于WO3和BiO1.2I0.6。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化环境污染物净化技术领域,尤其涉及一种碘空位 BiO1.2I0.6/WO3复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
光催化技术净化环境污染物,因具有可望利用太阳能,反应条件温和,所需设备简单、高效,而被认为是一种理想的实用技术。然而,该技术在实际应用中却面临着高效能可见光驱动的催化材料缺乏的关键问题。
近年来,研究人员发现利用氧化钨(WO3)作为光催化材料降解有机污染物具有较高的催化活性。WO3是一种可见光吸收良好的催化材料,其能隙约为 2.6eV,最大吸收波长可达480nm。此外,WO3的价带电位约为3.3V,价带能级深,氧化能力强,能够将众多有机污染物氧化分解。虽然WO3的光吸收范围较宽,但是其量子效率较低,这主要是由于WO3的光生电子和空穴分离效率较低所致。
发明内容
为了解决WO3光生电子和空穴分离效率低,导致其降解有机污染物效率低的问题,本发明采用碘空位BiO1.2I0.6修饰WO3复合材料,并提供一种可见光驱动高效分解VOCs催化复合材料BiO1.2I0.6/WO3的制备方法。
本发明提供的碘空位BiO1.2I0.6/WO3复合材料为采用碘空位BiO1.2I0.6修饰WO3复合材料,其中,碘空位BiO1.2I0.6在复合材料中的质量含量为10wt%-50wt%。
本发明还提供了一种碘空位BiO1.2I0.6/WO3复合材料的制备方法,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)、将碘化钾的乙二醇溶液滴入硝酸铋的乙二醇溶液中,避光磁搅拌反
应0.5-1h后,将混合液转入高压反应釜,140-180℃反应8-12h,自然冷却至室温,过滤、洗涤、80℃干燥后获得BiOI;其中,碘化钾和硝酸铋摩尔比为1:1。
(2)、称取适量BiOI放入坩埚,并将其置于马弗炉中,以5-10℃/min的升温速率加热至350-550℃,焙烧2-6h,自然冷却至室温,获得碘空位BiO1.2I0.6。
(3)、称取适量钨酸放入坩埚,并将其置于马弗炉中,以5-10℃/min的升温速率加热至450-600℃,焙烧2-4h,自然冷却至室温,获得WO3;
(4)、以球磨后的碘空位BiO1.2I0.6和WO3的混合粉体作为前驱体,在马弗炉中,以5-10℃/min的升温速率加热至350-550℃,焙烧2-6h,自然冷却至室温称重,获得高效分解VOCs可见光复合材料BiO1.2I0.6/WO3。其中,球磨转速 300-800r/min,球磨时间1-5h。
进一步的,所述步骤1)的反应温度是160℃,反应时间是12h。
进一步的,所述步骤2)中升温速率5℃/min,焙烧温度400℃,焙烧时间 5h。
进一步的,所述步骤3)中升温速率10℃/min,焙烧温度500℃,焙烧时间 3h。
进一步的,所述步骤4)中球磨转速500r/min、时间2h,焙烧温度400℃,焙烧时间5h,升温速率5℃/min。
有益效果
以球磨后的BiOI和WO3的均匀粉体煅烧,其中40wt%碘空位BiO1.2I0.6与WO3复合,在带边电位差驱动下,复合材料光生载流子的分离效率显著提高,光催化分解有机污染物的能力得到明显增强。将本发明所得的40wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3应用于典型VOCs甲苯净化中,其光催化分解甲苯的效率分别为BiO1.2I0.6和WO3的 1.2和1.4倍。
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的限制。
附图说明
图1为BiO1.2I0.6、WO3、BiO1.2I0.6/WO3的X射线衍射图;
图2是BiO1.2I0.6、WO3、BiO1.2I0.6/WO3的紫外-可见漫反射光谱;
图3为(a、b)BiO1.2I0.6、(c、d)WO3、(e、f)40wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3的扫描电镜;
图4是BiO1.2I0.6、WO3、BiO1.2I0.6/WO3光催化分解甲苯的结果;
图5是BiO1.2I0.6、WO3、40wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3的瞬态光电流。
具体实施方式
本发明下面结合实施例作进一步详述:
实施例1
按照对比例1的方法制备碘空位BiO1.2I0.6;
按照对比例2的方法制备WO3;
称取0.46g碘空位BiO1.2I0.6和0.6gWO3,放入球磨机,以500r/min的速度球磨2h后,置于马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率加热至400℃,焙烧5h,自然冷却至室温,获得40wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3。
实施例2
按照对比例1的方法制备碘空位BiO1.2I0.6;
按照对比例2的方法制备WO3;
称取0.12g碘空位BiO1.2I0.6和0.9gWO3,放入球磨机,以500r/min的速度球磨2h后,置于马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率加热至400℃,焙烧5h,自然冷却至室温,获得10wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3。
实施例3
按照对比例1的方法制备碘空位BiO1.2I0.6;
按照对比例2的方法制备WO3;
称取0.23g碘空位BiO1.2I0.6和0.8gWO3,放入球磨机,以500r/min速度球磨 2h后,置于马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率加热至400℃,焙烧5h,自然冷却至室温,获得20wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3。
实施例4
按照对比例1的方法制备碘空位BiO1.2I0.6;
按照对比例2的方法制备WO3;
称取0.35g碘空位BiO1.2I0.6和0.7gWO3,放入球磨机,以500r/min速度球磨 2h后,置于马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率加热至400℃,焙烧5h,自然冷却至室温,获得30wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3。
实施例5
按照对比例1的方法制备碘空位BiO1.2I0.6;
按照对比例2的方法制备WO3;
称取0.58g碘空位BiO1.2I0.6和0.5gWO3,放入球磨机,以500r/min速度球磨 2h后,置于马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率加热至400℃,焙烧5h,自然冷却至室温,获得50wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3。
比较例1
将40mL含1.9gKI的乙二醇溶液滴入40mL含5.5gBi(NO3)3·5H2O乙二醇溶液中,避光磁搅拌反应0.5h。将混合液转入100mL高压反应釜并置于烘箱中, 160℃反应12h。自然冷却至室温,样品经过滤、洗涤、80℃干燥后获得BiOI。称取1gBiOI放入坩埚,在马弗炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率加热至400℃,焙烧5h,自然冷却至室温,获得碘空位BiO1.2I0.6。
比较例2
称取1g钨酸放入坩埚,在马弗炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率加热至500℃,焙烧3h,自然冷却至室温,获得WO3。
图1为BiO1.2I0.6、WO3、BiO1.2I0.6/WO3的X射线衍射图。从图1可知,四方相的BiOI经过煅烧后,逐渐向正交相Bi5O7I转变(PDF#40-0548),但是并没有变为Bi5O7I和Bi2O3。WO3为正交晶体结构(PDF#20-1324)。在BiO1.2I0.6/WO3复合材料存在BiO1.2I0.6和WO3的特征衍射峰,且随着BiO1.2I0.6含量增加,BiO1.2I0.6的特征峰逐渐变强,而WO3的特征峰逐渐减弱。XRD测试结果显示,BiO1.2I0.6、WO3、 BiO1.2I0.6/WO3被成功地制备。
图2为BiO1.2I0.6、WO3、BiO1.2I0.6/WO3的紫外-可见漫反射光谱。由图2可知碘空位BiO1.2I0.6光吸收范围较宽,其最大吸收波长为500nm,WO3也是一种光吸收范围良好的材料,能够吸收波长小于480nm的光。BiO1.2I0.6/WO3最大光吸收范围在480-500nm之间,证实BiO1.2I0.6/WO3是一种具有良好可见光吸收的复合材料。
图3为(a、b)BiO1.2I0.6、(c、d)WO3、(e、f)40wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3的扫描电镜。由图3可以看出BiO1.2I0.6呈花球状,微球平均直径约为2μm,WO3为板块状外型,长度约10-350nm,厚度约50nm。从40wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3电镜图可以清楚看出,WO3固载在BiO1.2I0.6表面,且分散较好。扫描电镜结果进一步证实 BiO1.2I0.6/WO3被成功地合成,且BiO1.2I0.6和WO3结合紧密。
图4为BiO1.2I0.6、WO3、BiO1.2I0.6/WO3的光催化分解甲苯的活性。石英反应器容积为250mL、300W氙灯作为光源、每次催化剂用量0.1g、甲苯初始浓度2800mg m-3、H2O 50μL。由图4可以看出,BiO1.2I0.6/WO3的光催化分解甲苯活性高于BiO1.2I0.6和WO3,其中40wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3显示出最高的光催化活性。经过8h照射,BiO1.2I0.6将82.3%的甲苯降解,WO3降解了73.8%的甲苯,而在同样的条件下,10wt%、20wt%、30wt%、40wt%和50wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3分别将96.2%、95.5%、96.4%、99%和96.9%的甲苯降解。
图5为BiO1.2I0.6、WO3、40wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3的瞬态光电流的结果。由图5可知,瞬态光电流的大小为WO3<BiO1.2I0.6<40wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3,这表明BiO1.2I0.6、WO3、 40wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3中光生电子和空穴的分离效率为 WO3<BiO1.2I0.6<40wt%BiO1.2I0.6/WO3,从而证实40wt%BiO1.2I0.6与WO3后能显著提高复合材料的分离效率。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于可见光驱动催化VOCs降解碘空位BiO1.2I0.6/WO3复合材料,其特征在于,所述复合材料为采用碘空位BiO1.2I0.6修饰WO3复合材料,其中,碘空位BiO1.2I0.6在复合材料中的质量含量为10wt%-50wt%;
所述的碘空位BiO1.2I0.6/WO3复合材料的制备方法步骤如下:
(1)、将碘化钾的乙二醇溶液滴入硝酸铋的乙二醇溶液中得到混合液,避光磁搅拌反应0.5-1h后,将混合液转入高压反应釜反应,自然冷却至室温,过滤、洗涤、80℃干燥后获得BiOI;
(2)、称取BiOI放入坩埚,并将其置于马弗炉中,升温加热至焙烧温度进行焙烧,然后自然冷却至室温,获得碘空位BiO1.2I0.6;
(3)、称取钨酸放入坩埚,并将其置于马弗炉中,升温加热至焙烧温度进行焙烧,自然冷却至室温,获得WO3;
(4)、以球磨后的碘空位BiO1.2I0.6和WO3均匀粉体作为前驱体,在马弗炉中,升温加热至焙烧温度进行焙烧,自然冷却至室温称重,获得碘空位BiO1.2I0.6/WO3复合材料;
所述球磨转速300-800r/min、时间1-5h,升温速率为5-10℃/min,焙烧温度为350-550℃,焙烧时间2-6h。
2.如权利要求1所述的碘空位BiO1.2I0.6/WO3复合材料,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述碘化钾和硝酸铋的摩尔比为1:1,高压反应釜中反应温度:140-180℃,反应时间8-12h。
3.如权利要求1所述的碘空位BiO1.2I0.6/WO3复合材料,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述升温速率5-10℃/min,焙烧温度350-550℃,焙烧时间2-6h。
4.如权利要求1所述的碘空位BiO1.2I0.6/WO3复合材料,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的升温速率为5-10℃/min,焙烧温度为450-600℃,焙烧时间2-4h。
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