CN110302331B - 一种脐部外用药贴 - Google Patents
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- CN110302331B CN110302331B CN201910651994.6A CN201910651994A CN110302331B CN 110302331 B CN110302331 B CN 110302331B CN 201910651994 A CN201910651994 A CN 201910651994A CN 110302331 B CN110302331 B CN 110302331B
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种脐部外用药贴,包括胶布贴层、药粉、薄膜层和粘片层;所述药粉包括如下重量份的原料:藿香5~20份、木香1~8份、小茴香30~53份、丁香13~32份、白豆蔻30~52份、花椒48~75份、桂圆肉87~116份、蕲艾绒18~39份。本发明采用分类分批粉碎,通过超细粉碎机研磨成微米至亚微米级别的中药粉体,原生药材细胞中的有效成分直接暴露出来并充分混合,极有利于有效成分释放,并且药粉可充分与肚脐接触,药效得到大幅度提高,而且起效速度快。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗技术领域,尤其涉及一种脐部外用药贴。
背景技术
痛经指妇女正值经期或行经前后出现周期性小腹痉挛性疼痛,或痛引腰骶,甚则剧痛昏厥者,又称“经行腹痛”,严重者伴有头痛、恶心呕吐、腰腿痛、手足厥冷,甚至昏厥,严重影响患者的学习、工作和生活。痛经分为湿热瘀阻型、气血虚弱型、肾气亏损型、气滞血瘀型、寒凝血瘀型。其中寒凝血瘀型为较常见的原发性痛经,主要因患者体质阳虚、阴寒内盛,或过食寒凉生冷,寒从内生;久居寒湿之地,或经期冒雨游泳等使风寒湿邪客于冲饪。西医治疗痛经主要以口服布洛芬缓释胶囊缓解疼痛为主,但长期服用容易对消化道产生刺激,且往往治标不治本。中医治疗痛经,标本兼治,且毒副作用小,目前治疗该病的药物主要是口服药,但是有些口服药物可能对患者肝脏肾脏等产生带来的不良毒副作用。
现代医学证明,脐部的皮肤比较薄,没有皮下脂肪,其血管非常丰富,所以药物易于渗透、扩散、吸收,在肚脐用药其用药量少、见效快。肚脐给药的效果是口服药的20倍,一处用药可以达到治疗全身的效果,并且不经肝肾代谢,避免了药物对消化道胃酶的干扰刺激,以及肝脏代谢对药物成分的破坏,同时减少毒副反应,使药物充分发挥药效。因此,肚脐给药是一条内病外治的理想给药途径,治疗方式安全快速。
现有的脐部外用药贴,通常包括药材干燥、研磨、萃取、熬制、制膏等步骤,药材在干燥、萃取、熬制环节药物有效成分极易散失,会影响药效的发挥,阴干时药材容易发生霉变、药效损失殆尽等问题。现有的脐部外用药贴不能直接接触到肚脐底部及其周边,降低了药物的有效释放。再者,现有的脐部外用药贴的贴片与粘片完全粘结,使用时不易分离。如专利号为201510025360.1的“肚脐贴膏”,药膏由桂圆肉、花椒、艾绒和适量茶油混合加工成糊状,并由其占敷在贴布中间以及在药膏周围贴布上涂以胶黏剂而成,贴于人体肚脐眼上,有理气逐寒、调理脾胃和气血的功效。其将药膏占敷在贴布中间成圆状,然后将贴布贴在封面纸板上,药膏不能直接接触到肚脐内部,会影响其药效的发挥,另外敷贴时也不易操作,易影响药贴的粘性。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种成本低廉、操作方便、条件简单、疗效好的脐部外用药贴,让药粉直接接触人体,充分发挥药效。采用如下技术方案:
一种脐部外用药贴,包括如下重量份的中药:藿香5~20份、木香1~8份、小茴香30~53份、丁香13~32份、白豆蔻30~52份、花椒48~75份、桂圆肉87~116份、蕲艾绒18~39份。
进一步地,本发明的脐部外用药贴,包括如下重量份的中药:藿香8~13份、木香3~6份、小茴香35~43份、丁香17~24份、白豆蔻38~42份、花椒56~65份、桂圆肉95~104份、蕲艾绒26~33份。
进一步地,本发明的脐部外用药贴,还包括如下重量份的中药:辛夷13~20份、灸甘草5~15份、桑葚3~10份、山药3~10份;和/或
郁金25~30份、芡实3~8份和细辛3~8份。
进一步地,本发明的脐部外用药贴,还包括如下重量份的中药:玉米粉3~8份、蜂蜜10~30份。玉米粉可起到调和药材之间粘合度的作用,还有消炎排毒的药用作用;蜂蜜具有调补脾胃、缓急止痛之功效,同样也可起到粘合作用。
进一步地,本发明的脐部外用药贴的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按配方量称取小茴香、白豆蔻、花椒混合,进行常规粉碎,得到粉末A;
S2、按配方量称取藿香、木香、丁香、蕲艾绒混合,进行常规粉碎,得到粉末B;
S3、按配方量称取桂圆肉,低温冷冻,得到冷冻药材;
S4、将粉末A、粉末B、冷冻药材直接混合,一并置于超细粉碎机中继续研磨成微粉;
S5、将中药微粉填入薄膜层的半球形或半椭球形凹槽中,然后将所述薄膜层粘贴至胶布贴层的中心位置;
S6、将粘片层贴于所述胶布贴层上,即得到药贴。
本发明采用分类分批粉碎,对部分药材低温冷冻后直接加入粘度低药材的粗粉末中进行超微粉碎,冷冻药材降低了药材的粘性,利于粉碎;另一方面降低了粉碎过程中粉碎部件摩擦等产生热量而造成的温升,可以减少药材有效成分的损失;分类分批粉碎和大小粒径级配增加了药材的出粉率,实现配方中药材的充分利用。
进一步地,步骤S2中加入辛夷、灸甘草粉碎;步骤S3中加入桑葚、山药进行低温冷冻;
进一步地,步骤S2中加入郁金、细辛粉碎;步骤S3中加入芡实进行低温冷冻。
进一步地,在步骤S5之前还包括步骤S50:在步骤S4得到的中药微粉中加入一半重量份的玉米粉,混合均匀,得到粉末C;取剩余一半玉米粉,加入蜂蜜,于40~80℃下加热搅拌糊化,得到胶体溶液;
步骤S5具体为:将胶体溶液加入粉末C中研磨,混合均匀,填入薄膜层的半球形或半椭球形凹槽中,然后将所述薄膜层粘贴至胶布贴层的中心位置。
采用玉米粉与蜂蜜调制胶体溶液,对中药微粉粘合起到协同增效的作用、不易起坨,减少了研磨混合的时间,还有辅助药效的作用。
进一步地,步骤S3中低温冷冻的时间为5~30 min,使用液氮进行低温冷冻。低温冷冻不仅能减少药材药效的挥发,还使得药材分子间脆化,分子键能和键长均形成一定程度的裂痕,药材能更容易更充分被粉碎,降低了粉碎难度,减少粉碎时间与能耗。
进一步地,粉末A和粉末B的细度为能过16~40目筛,得到粗粉;
进一步地,步骤S4中所述微粉的粒径为0.1~100μm,其中,能过800目筛的微粉质量占比10%~40%,得到超微粉,极有利于有效成分释放,药效得到大幅度提高。
进一步地,所述药材经过低温冷冻后的温度不需达到很低,在-30~5℃即可,容易实现。
进一步地,步骤S5填入的中药微粉质量为0.5~3 g,用量小。
进一步地,所述玉米粉的粒度为能过180~200目筛,该粒度的玉米粉更易糊化,糊化条件温和;
进一步地,步骤S50中糊化时间为10~60 min;
进一步地,步骤S50中搅拌时的转速为80~150 r/min;
进一步地,步骤S50中采用的加热方法为水浴加热,加热方式温和,不影响药材的药效发挥。
优选地,步骤S50中的加热温度为50~65℃,糊化效果最佳。
进一步地,本发明的脐部外用药贴在治疗经脉凝滞病症、痛经中有很好的应用。
本发明中药粉配方的原料分别存在以下功效:
藿香:祛暑解表、化湿和胃,用于夏令感冒,寒热头痛,胸脘痞闷,呕吐泄泻,妊娠呕吐,鼻渊,手足癣。
木香:行气止痛,健胃消食。辛散苦降而温通,芳香性燥可升可降,通行胃肠、三焦气滞,为行气止痛要药。兼能健脾消食。凡胸腹气滞胀痛,消化不良、食欲不振、呕吐泛哕泻痢后重等皆可用之。
小茴香:有散寒止痛,理气和胃的功效。
丁香:性味辛温。温中降逆,散寒止痛,温肾助阳。能温暖脾胃,壮阳泻肺而降逆气,可缓解腹部气胀,增加胃液分泌,增强消化能力,减轻恶心呕吐,以及男子阳痿、女子阴冷等症。
白豆蔻:性味辛温,有化湿行气、温中止呕、开胃消食的功效。功能主治主湿阻气滞,脾胃不和,脘腹胀满,不思饮食,湿温初起,胸闷不饥,胃寒呕吐,食积不消。
花椒:温中散寒,除湿,止痛,杀虫,解鱼腥毒。治积食停饮,心腹冷痛,呕吐,咳嗽,风寒湿痹,泄泻,痢疾,疝痛,齿痛等症。
蕲艾绒:通经活络、温经止血,散寒止痛、生肌安胎、回阳救逆。
郁金:性味辛苦寒,具有行气解郁、活血止痛的功效。
辛夷:性味辛温。归肺、胃经。祛风寒,通鼻窍。用于风寒头痛,鼻塞,鼻渊,鼻流浊涕。
灸甘草:益气滋阴,通阳复脉。
细辛:温经止痛,用于寒邪入络之肌肉关节痛,风湿痹痛。
桂圆肉:性味甘平,能补脾益肺,养血安神。
桑葚:性味甘寒,具有补肝益肾、生津润燥、乌发明目等功效。
芡实:具有益肾固精,补脾止泻,除湿止带之功效。
山药:性味甘平,具有益气养阴,补脾肺肾,固精止带的功效。主治脾虚证、肺虚证、肾虚证、消渴气阴两虚证。
玉米粉:性平,味甘、淡,归脾、胃经。益肺宁心、健脾开胃、利水通淋。
蜂蜜:调补脾胃,主脘腹虚痛、肺燥咳嗽、肠燥便秘、目赤、口疮、溃疡不敛、风疹瘙痒、水火烫伤、手足皲裂。
本发明技术方案中采用的中药均对人体无害,桂圆肉能补脾益肺、养血安神,花椒温中散寒,蕲艾绒能通经活络、温经止血,三者共为君药;小茴香、白豆蔻、丁香、灸甘草能行气活血、疏肝解郁、散寒止痛,共为臣药;郁金、藿香、辛夷、桑葚、芡实、山药可益气养阴、除湿止痛,共为佐药;木香、细辛具有行气活血、引方中诸药直达病所的功效,为使药。桑葚、郁金性寒,与君药性味相反,而能与君药的作用相成。
本发明的方法,首先将配方中含量较多的小茴香、白豆蔻、花椒混合粉碎,并对其粒度进行规定;对含量较少的藿香、木香、丁香、蕲艾绒等混合粉碎,并对其粒度进行规定;分批粉碎,出粉率更高。对粘度较大的桂圆肉、桑葚、山药等药材,先低温冷冻,一方面使药材的粘度降低、变得硬且脆,易于破碎,另一方面可以降低粉碎过程中因碰撞、摩擦、研磨等造成的发热现象,减少药物有效成分的散失。粘度低的药材不需进行低温冷冻,节约能源,先进行常规粉碎,然后加入冷冻药材一并进行超微粉碎,减少大颗粒药材的碰撞与摩擦,粉碎过程产生的热量少,粉碎效率高。通过上述粉碎方式的配合,可以减少药材有效成分的损失,增加药材的出粉率,实现配方中药材的充分利用。采用玉米粉与蜂蜜调制胶体溶液,对中药微粉粘合起到协同增效的作用、不易起坨,减少了研磨混合的时间;玉米粉与蜂蜜还有辅助药效的作用:玉米粉有消炎排毒的药用作用、缓解药贴使用带来的皮肤不适,蜂蜜具有调补脾胃、缓急止痛之功效。
本发明可取得如下有益效果:
1、本发明的配方以君臣辅佐的配合组方,能显单药之灵性,合组方之妙用,具有温经散寒、升阳固肾、行气活血、化瘀止痛的功效;本发明可治疗于寒邪凝滞经脉诸证;以手足不温,肢体痹痛,或肢体麻木不仁等为主证;有通畅血脉、消散瘀滞、调经止痛的作用。
2、本发明采用分类分批粉碎,对粘度大的药材低温冷冻后直接加入粘度低药材的粗粉末中进行超微粉碎,可以减少药材有效成分的损失,增加药材的出粉率,实现配方中药材的充分利用。本发明将药物研磨成微米至亚微米级别的中药粉体,原生药材细胞中的有效成分直接暴露出来并充分混合,极有利于有效成分释放,药效得到大幅度提高,而且起效速度快。
3、本发明将药物制成脐贴,药物通过脐部渗透并刺激脐部穴位,从而达到温经散寒、化瘀止痛的效果,外用可以避免药物对身体的毒副作用和首过效应,且避免了中药口感苦涩的问题。
4、药贴中的药粉为半球体形或半椭球体形,使肚脐口、底部以及其周边均能充分与药粉接触,增大了药物与皮肤的接触面积,加强了药物的渗透效果,使药物更精准发挥药效,从而提高了药物的吸收利用率,显著提升了药贴疗效。
5、本发明采用玉米粉与蜂蜜调制胶体溶液,对中药微粉粘合起到协同增效的作用、不易起坨,减少了研磨混合的时间;玉米粉与蜂蜜还有辅助药效的作用,促进药贴药效的发挥。
6、本发明的药贴采用“三明治”夹心工艺,以胶布贴层为底,中间是药粉,外层是透药性、延展性好的薄膜层,能很好的贴合肚脐及其周边的皮肤;配方的药物研磨成粉末,直接填入薄膜层的凹槽中,不需萃取、熬制等工序步骤,不需加入额外的引经药,可充分发挥药效。
附图说明
图1为本发明的脐部外用药贴结构示意图;
图2为本发明的脐部外用药贴纵截面结构示意图;
图3为本发明的脐部外用药贴制作工艺示意图;
附图标记说明:胶布贴层1,药球2,薄膜层3,粘片层4,防粘纸5,易撕条6,真空包装袋7,易撕口8,接缝9。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的实施例中的附图,对本发明的实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
本实施例的脐部外用药贴的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按配方量称取小茴香90g、白豆蔻90g、花椒150g使用粉碎机(如CSJ型)粉碎,得到粉末A,细度为能过16目筛;
S2、按配方量称取藿香25g、木香10g、丁香40g、蕲艾绒54g使用粉碎机粉碎,得到粉末B,细度为能过16目筛;
S3、按配方量称取桂圆肉270g,使用液氮低温冷冻20min,得到冷冻药材,冷冻后的温度在-15±2℃;
S4、将粉末A、粉末B、冷冻药材直接混合,一并置于超细粉碎机(如TY-8L型)中继续研磨成粒径在1~100μm的微粉,其中,能过800目筛的粉末质量占比10%;
S5、将步骤S4得到的中药微粉填入薄膜层3的半球形凹槽中,然后将薄膜层3粘贴至胶布贴层1的中心位置;
S6、将粘片层4贴于胶布贴层1上,即得到药贴。
实施例2:
本实施例的脐部外用药贴的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按配方量称取小茴香155g、白豆蔻155g、花椒225g使用粉碎机粉碎,得到粉末A,细度为能过40目筛;
S2、按配方量称取藿香60g、木香24g丁香96g、蕲艾绒115g、辛夷60g、灸甘草45g使用粉碎机粉碎,得到粉末B,细度为能过40目筛;
S3、按配方量称取桂圆肉345g、桑葚30g、山药30g,使用液氮低温冷冻25min,得到冷冻药材,冷冻后的温度在-20±2℃;
S4、将粉末A、粉末B和冷冻药材直接混合,一并置于超细粉碎机中继续研磨成粒径在0.1~100μm的微粉,其中,能过800目筛的粉末质量占比38%;
S5、将步骤S4得到的中药微粉填入薄膜层3的半球形凹槽中,然后将薄膜层3粘贴至胶布贴层1的中心位置;
S6、将粘片层4贴于胶布贴层1上,即得到药贴。
实施例3:
本实施例的脐部外用药贴的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按配方量称取小茴香200g、白豆蔻200g、花椒300g使用粉碎机粉碎,得到粉末A,细度为能过30目筛;
S2、按配方量称取藿香50g、木香20g、丁香100g、蕲艾绒150g、辛夷80g、灸甘草50g、郁金140g、细辛30g使用粉碎机粉碎,得到粉末B,细度为能过30目筛;
S3、按配方量称取桂圆肉500g、桑葚30g、山药30g、芡实30g,使用液氮低温冷冻15min,得到冷冻药材,冷冻后的温度在-10±2℃;
S4、将粉末A、粉末B和冷冻药材直接混合,置于超细粉碎机中继续研磨成粒径在0.1~100μm的微粉,其中,能过800目筛的粉末质量占比25%;
S5、将步骤S4得到的中药微粉填入薄膜层3的半椭球形凹槽中,然后将薄膜层3粘贴至胶布贴层1的中心位置;
S6、将粘片层4贴于胶布贴层1上,即得到药贴。
实施例4:
本实施例的脐部外用药贴的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按配方量称取小茴香225g、白豆蔻225g、花椒350g使用粉碎机粉碎,得到粉末A,细度为能过24目筛;
S2、按配方量称取藿香75g、木香30g、丁香125g、蕲艾绒175g、郁金150g、细辛20g使用粉碎机粉碎,得到粉末B,细度为能过20目筛;
S3、按配方量称取桂圆肉550g、芡实20g,使用液氮低温冷冻10min,得到冷冻药材,冷冻后的温度在-10±2℃;
S4、将粉末A、粉末B和冷冻药材直接混合,置于超细粉碎机中继续研磨成粒径在0.1~100μm的微粉,其中,能过800目筛的粉末质量占比30%;
S5、称取20g粒度为能过180~200目筛的玉米粉备用,在步骤S4得到的中药微粉中加入10g玉米粉,混合均匀,得到粉末C;取剩余玉米粉,加入30g蜂蜜,于70℃水浴、搅拌速度为140r/min的条件下加热糊化20min,得到胶体溶液;
S6、将胶体溶液加入粉末C中研磨,混合均匀,填入薄膜层3的半椭球形凹槽中,然后将薄膜层3粘贴至胶布贴层1的中心位置;
S7、将粘片层4贴于胶布贴层1上,即得到药贴。
实施例5:
本实施例的脐部外用药贴的结构与实施例4相同,其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按配方量称取小茴香245g、白豆蔻295g、花椒490g使用粉碎机粉碎,得到粉末A,细度为能过35目筛;
S2、按配方量称取藿香56g、木香14g、丁香125g、蕲艾绒245g、辛夷126g、灸甘草112g、郁金180g、细辛36g使用粉碎机粉碎,得到粉末B,细度为能过35目筛;
S3、按配方量称取桂圆肉630g、桑葚35g、山药35g、芡实42g,使用液氮低温冷冻5min,得到冷冻药材,冷冻后的温度在0±2℃;
S4、将粉末A、粉末B和冷冻药材直接混合,置于超细粉碎机中继续研磨成粒径在1~100μm的微粉,其中,能过800目筛的粉末质量占比15%;
S5、称取35g粒度为能过180目筛的玉米粉备用,在步骤S4得到的中药微粉中加入17.5g玉米粉,混合均匀,得到粉末C;取剩余玉米粉,加入210g蜂蜜,于50℃水浴、搅拌速度为90r/min的条件下加热糊化60min,得到胶体溶液;
S6、将胶体溶液加入粉末C中研磨,混合均匀,填入薄膜层3的半椭球形凹槽中,然后将薄膜层3粘贴至胶布贴层1的中心位置;
S7、将粘片层4贴于胶布贴层1上,即得到药贴。
实施例6:
药贴配方及制备步骤S1~S4同实施例3,具体如下:
S1、按配方量称取小茴香200g、白豆蔻200g、花椒300g使用粉碎机粉碎,得到粉末A,细度为能过30目筛;
S2、按配方量称取藿香50g、木香20g、丁香100g、蕲艾绒150g、辛夷80g、灸甘草50g、郁金140g、细辛30g使用粉碎机粉碎,得到粉末B,细度为能过30目筛;
S3、按配方量称取桂圆肉500g、桑葚30g、山药30g、芡实30g,使用液氮低温冷冻15min,得到冷冻药材,冷冻后的温度在-10±2℃;
S4、将粉末A、粉末B和冷冻药材直接混合,置于超细粉碎机中继续研磨成粒径在0.1~100μm的微粉,其中,能过800目筛的粉末质量占比25%;
S5、称取30g粒度为能过200目筛的玉米粉备用,在步骤S4得到的中药微粉中加入15g玉米粉,混合均匀,得到粉末C;取剩余玉米粉,加入150g蜂蜜,于60℃水浴、搅拌速度为120r/min的条件下加热糊化30min,得到胶体溶液;
S6、将胶体溶液加入粉末C中研磨,混合均匀,填入薄膜层3的半椭球形凹槽中,然后将薄膜层3粘贴至胶布贴层1的中心位置;
S7、将粘片层4贴于胶布贴层1上,即得到药贴。
据检测,实施例1~6中经超微粉碎后的中药微粉,无污染,无铁、铜、锌、钛、铬、镍、镉、铅、砷等重金属粉屑微粒剥落释出。每副药贴中药球2的质量均为1.5g。
本发明的脐部外用药贴,其结构如图1~2所示。实施例1~3中步骤S5~S6、实施例4~6中步骤S6~S7的具体制作工艺如图3所示,采用“三明治”夹心工艺:以胶布贴层1为底,中间是药球2,外层是透药性、延展性好的薄膜层3,薄膜层3可以采用棉纱布、无纺布、PU膜、TPU膜、硅胶或纸制品材料;先将中药微粉或混合胶体溶液的微粉填入薄膜层3的凹槽中形成药球2,然后将薄膜层3粘贴至胶布贴层1中心位置;将组装的整体粘贴至粘片层4上,使其完全重合,粘片层4由防粘纸5与易撕条6组成,防粘纸5与易撕条6设有接缝9。最后,将药贴置入设有易撕口8的真空包装袋7内密封包装,使药贴的药效持久保留。
使用时,通过易撕口8将真空包装袋7打开,将药贴取出,通过接缝9边缘将防粘纸5揭开,使薄膜层3的凸起对准肚脐,按压胶布贴层1使药贴贴于肚脐周边皮肤,最后将易撕条6揭开,使药贴完全贴于皮肤上。最后,用中指或者食指按压对准肚脐眼轻轻按压,使药球2能充分接触肚脐皮肤。
对比例1:
配方量如实施例6,将所有药材一次性加入超微粉碎机中进行粉碎,后续步骤如实施例6。
对比例2:
配方量如实施例6,将步骤S1和步骤S2合并,后续步骤如实施例6。
实施例1~5,对比例1~2中药材出粉率如表1所示。
表1
对比表1数据可知,将所有药材一次性加入超微粉碎机中进行粉碎(对比例1),药材出粉率最低,只有91.5%;不管用量大小、将粘性小的药材一次混合粉碎(对比例2),药材出粉率(94.8%)相对本发明的粉碎方法(99.3%,实施例3)也要低得多。因此,采用本发明的粉碎方法,可以较少药材的损失,粉碎率及利用率高。
对实施例1~6所得药粉进行菌落检测,检查结果列于表2。
表2
为了更好的理解本发明,下面通过临床实验数据来证明本发明的技术效果,有关临床资料如下:
1、对象
在医院确诊为寒凝血瘀型痛经的患者360例,经过评估后,按疼痛程度分为两组,对照组120例,治疗组240例。其中对照组患者,轻度、中度、重度疼痛各40例;治疗组患者,轻度、中度、重度疼痛各80例。将对照组按疼痛等级平均分成两组,治疗组按疼痛等级平均分成四组。各组病例在年龄、性别、病程等方面经统计学分析无显著性差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。
轻度:有疼痛,但不影响日常活动,工作很少受影响,无全身症状,很少用止痛药;
中度:疼痛使日常活动受影响,工作能力亦有一定影响,很少有全身症状,需用止痛药,且有效;
重度:疼痛使日常生活及工作明显受影响,全身症状明显,止痛药效果不好。
2、诊断标准
复合《中医病症诊断疗效标准》对寒凝血瘀型痛经的诊断标准:经行小腹冷痛,得热则舒,经量少,色紫黯有块,伴形寒肢冷。
3、排除标准
(1)继发性痛经,有盆腔炎、子宫肌瘤、子宫内膜异位病变而导致的痛经;(2)同时应用其他方法治疗痛经者。
4、治疗方案
对照组1:常规治疗,服用一般非特异性止痛药。经期第1天开始,口服布洛芬缓释胶囊,每次1粒,每天2次,连续服用3天。
对照组2:取对比例1的肚脐贴,经期第1天开始贴在脐部神阙穴上,每日1贴,连续治疗3天。
治疗组1:取实施例1的肚脐贴,经期第1天开始贴在脐部神阙穴上,每日1贴,连续治疗3天。
治疗组2:取实施例3的肚脐贴,经期第1天开始贴在脐部神阙穴上,每日1贴,连续治疗3天。
治疗组3:取实施例4的肚脐贴,经期第1天开始贴在脐部神阙穴上,每日1贴,连续治疗3天。
治疗组4:取实施例6的肚脐贴,经期第1天开始贴在脐部神阙穴上,每日1贴,连续治疗3天。
嘱咐各组患者在治疗期间忌食生冷,不洗冷水,游泳等。
5、治疗效果
入选寒凝血瘀型痛经一共360例,按上述治疗方案,贴敷本发明的脐部外用药贴,1个疗程后进行统计,P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。统计结果见表3。其中,疗效判断标准如下:
显效:临床症状、体征明显缓解;
有效:临床症状、体征减轻;
无效:临床症状、体征无改善或加重。
表3
组别 | 例数 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率 |
治疗组1 | 60 | 24 | 29 | 7 | 88.3%* |
治疗组2 | 60 | 30 | 26 | 4 | 93.3%* |
治疗组3 | 60 | 28 | 27 | 5 | 91.7%* |
治疗组4 | 60 | 32 | 26 | 2 | 96.7%* |
对照组1 | 60 | 17 | 27 | 16 | 73.3% |
对照组2 | 60 | 22 | 28 | 10 | 83.3% |
注:*表示治疗组与对照组比较P<0.05。
表3结果表明,本发明的脐部外用药贴,治疗寒凝血瘀型痛经具有显著的效果,能有效改善痛经症状,一个疗程只需三天,用药时间短,见效快,治疗痛经的有效率在88%以上;配方中加入辛夷、灸甘草、桑葚、山药、郁金、芡实、细辛(治疗组2),能够提升药贴的疗效,总有效率达到93.3%;配方中加入玉米粉、蜂蜜,调制胶体溶液与中药微粉混合(治疗组4),进一步提升了药贴的疗效,总有效率达到96.7%;所有药材直接使用超细粉碎机打粉(对照组2),药贴的药效比本发明的分类分批粉碎的方法低13.4%,说明本发明的药贴制备方法能够很好的保留药效,治疗痛经的总有效率高,并且在治疗过程中,未见明显不良反应。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种脐部外用药贴的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、按配方量称取小茴香、白豆蔻、花椒混合,粉碎,得到粉末A;
S2、按配方量称取藿香、木香、丁香、蕲艾绒混合,粉碎,得到粉末B;
S3、按配方量称取桂圆肉,低温冷冻,得到冷冻药材;
S4、将粉末A、粉末B、冷冻药材直接混合,一并置于超细粉碎机中继续研磨成微粉;
S5、将中药微粉填入薄膜层的半球形或半椭球形凹槽中,然后将所述薄膜层粘贴至胶布贴层的中心位置;
S6、将粘片层贴于所述胶布贴层上,即得到药贴。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中还加入辛夷、灸甘草粉碎;步骤S3中还加入桑葚、山药进行低温冷冻;和/或
步骤S2中还加入郁金、细辛粉碎;步骤S3中还加入芡实进行低温冷冻。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S5之前还包括步骤S50:在步骤S4得到的中药微粉中加入一半重量份的玉米粉,混合均匀,得到粉末C;取剩余一半玉米粉,加入蜂蜜,于40~80 °C下加热搅拌糊化,得到胶体溶液;
步骤S5具体为:将胶体溶液加入粉末C中研磨,混合均匀,填入薄膜层的半球形或半椭球形凹槽中,然后将所述薄膜层粘贴至胶布贴层的中心位置。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,粉末A和粉末B的细度为能过16~40目筛;和/或
步骤S4中所述微粉的粒径为0.1~100 μm,其中,能过800目筛的微粉质量占比10%~40%;和/或
步骤S3中使用液氮进行低温冷冻,低温冷冻的时间为5~30 min,所述冷冻药材的温度在-30~5 °C;
步骤S5填入的中药微粉质量为0.5~3 g。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,还至少包括以下技术特征之一:
所述玉米粉的粒度为能过180~200目筛;
步骤S50中糊化时间为10~60 min;
步骤S50中搅拌时的转速为80~150 r/min;
步骤S50中采用的加热方法为水浴加热;
步骤S50中的加热温度为50~65 °C。
6.一种脐部外用药贴,其特征在于,根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的制备方法制得。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种脐部外用药贴,其特征在于,包括如下重量份的中药:藿香5~20份、木香1~8份、小茴香30~53份、丁香13~32份、白豆蔻30~52份、花椒48~75份、桂圆肉87~116份、蕲艾绒 18~39份。
8.如权利要求6所述的一种脐部外用药贴,其特征在于,还包括如下重量份的中药:辛夷13~20份、灸甘草5~15份、桑葚3~10份、山药3~10份;和/或
郁金25~30份、芡实3~8份和细辛3~8份。
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