CN110295405A - 一种吸湿伸长复合纤维及纱线 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明关于一种吸湿伸长复合纤维,其特征为含有聚酰胺成份及聚烯烃成份,且以日月并列型或偏心蕊鞘型构造接合而成的复合纤维。根据本发明的复合纤维具有吸湿伸长作用,该复合纤维通过吸水或吸湿增加伸长变化,放湿后回复原长。
Description
技术领域
本发明是有关一种具有吸湿伸长作用、其伸长率随着吸湿或吸水而增大,放湿后回复原长的复合纤维。更详言之,本发明是有关具有吸湿伸长作用的复合纤维,其经由染色、加工处理步骤后,具有吸水伸长作用。本发明也关于包含此复合纤维的纱线。
背景技术
美国专利申请案US 5534339 A公开了含聚酰胺与聚烯烃聚合物的共轭纤维,其采用熔喷方法所制造,该共轭纤维的断面为并列型、同心蕊鞘型、偏心蕊鞘型、分割型或海岛型,主要应用在织布;但其没有公开其纱线长度会随湿度变化。
台湾专利申请案TW 200804640 A记载含聚酰胺与聚酯聚合物的复合纤维,断面为并列型或偏心蕊鞘型,其纱线会随吸收水气而卷取收缩,亦即纱线于吸湿后会收缩。
现有技术中尚未有公开吸收水气后伸长,且放湿(即干燥)后回复原长度的纤维。
发明内容
本案发明人出乎意料地发现,利用一种含有聚酰胺成份及聚烯烃成份以称日月并列型或偏心蕊鞘型构造接合所制成的复合纤维,该复合纤维具有吸湿伸长(moisture-absorbed elongation)作用,此复合纤维可通过吸水或吸湿增加伸长,通过放湿后予以回复的吸湿伸长复合纤维。
根据本发明的吸湿伸长复合纤维,其中聚酰胺成分可为耐纶6、耐纶66等。
根据本发明的吸湿伸长复合纤维,其中聚烯烃成份可为聚乙烯、聚丙烯及其共聚物或和聚酯或聚酰胺的共混物。
根据本发明的吸湿伸长复合纤维,其中其纤维横截面形状为日月并列型或偏心蕊鞘型。
根据本发明的吸湿伸长复合纤维,其以偏心蕊鞘型构造接合而成的复合纤维,其中以聚酰胺成分为鞘,及以聚烯烃成份为芯。
根据本发明的吸湿伸长复合纤维,其中聚酰胺成分与聚烯烃成份的比例,以重量比为基准时,聚酰胺成分/聚烯烃成分为30/70~70/30。
根据本发明的吸湿伸长复合纤维,其中其复合纤维可为高顺向延伸丝(HOY)、全延伸丝(SDY)、或假捻加工丝(DTY)。
一种纱线,其包含上述任一项所述的吸湿伸长复合纤维。
附图说明
图1为偏心蕊鞘型构造接合的复合纤维的横截面。
图2为日月并列型构造接合的复合纤维的横截面。
主要元件符号说明:
无
具体实施方式
本发明是有关一种复合纤维,其特征为含有聚酰胺成份及聚烯烃成份,且以日月并列型或偏心蕊鞘型构造接合的复合纤维,该复合纤维具有吸湿伸长作用,其可通过吸水或吸湿而伸长,通过放湿后而回复。本发明也关于含有此复合纤维的纱线。
本发明的复合纤维是将聚酰胺成分与聚烯烃成分以日月并列型接合或以偏心蕊鞘型构造接合而成。当以聚酰胺成分与聚烯烃成分形成偏心芯鞘型构造时,芯部由聚烯烃成分所构成,鞘部由聚酰胺成分所构成。本发明的吸湿伸长复合纤维具偏心芯-鞘型构造时,芯部为配置于鞘部中偏心位置。当形成日月并列型构造时,以聚合物互相黏合。
一般而言,本发明所使用的复合纤维,通过热处理(例如染色工艺)后,因为聚酰胺成分与聚烯烃成分的收缩率不同会形成卷缩型态,其中以复合纤维的弯曲部外侧为聚烯烃成分,且内侧为聚酰胺成分最佳。由于聚酰胺成分的吸水伸长率较聚烯烃成分的吸水伸长率更大。因此,其复合纤维于吸湿或吸水时,聚酰胺成分(即弯曲内侧)较聚烯烃成分(即弯曲外侧)伸长大,因而使纤维卷缩部份变为伸直,故纤维产生伸长变化。当复合纤维纱线放湿或干燥后,复合纤维的聚酰胺成分(弯曲内侧)较聚烯烃成分(弯曲外侧)收缩大,因此纱线回复卷缩型态。
本发明的复合纤维中,聚酰胺成分只要是在主链中具有酰胺键即可,没有特别的限制。可用于本发明的复合纤维的聚酰胺成分例如可为耐纶6、耐纶66。其中,就制纱安定性而言,一般以耐纶6、耐纶66较佳。而且,也可以此等在主链中具有酰胺键为基体与其他成分共聚合作为本发明的聚酰胺成分。
本发明的复合纤维中,聚烯烃成分可为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚戊烯等。其中,以聚乙烯、聚丙烯及其共聚物或共混物为较佳。此外,由于聚烯烃不易染色的特性,也可将第三成份如聚酯、聚酰胺等加入聚烯烃成份,形成共混物来增加聚烯烃的染色性。
本发明的吸湿伸长复合纤维,为具有使上述聚酰胺成分与上述聚烯烃成分接合的纤维横截面形状的复合纤维。其中聚酰胺成分与聚烯烃成分复合的形态可为日月并列型或偏心蕊鞘型构造接合,就具有伸长性而言,较佳为将两成分以偏心蕊鞘型接合的形态。上述复合纤维的截面形状,可以为圆形截面、亦可以为非圆形截面,非圆形截面例如可采用三角截面或四角截面等。而且,于上述复合纤维的截面内存在有中空部分时亦可。而且,纤维横截面的聚酰胺成分与聚烯烃成分的比例,以重量比为基准时,聚酰胺成分/聚烯烃成分以10/90~90/10较佳,以60/40~75/25更佳。
此外,在根据本发明的吸湿伸长复合纤维所含的两成分中,也可各自含有氧化钛或碳黑等颜料、现有的抗氧化剂、抗静电剂、耐光剂及吸湿剂、相容剂等。
本发明的复合纤维以现有熔融纺丝工艺装置制造,其熔融纺丝速度以2000~5000m/分较佳,更佳者为2500~4500m/分卷取,卷取成高顺向延伸丝(HOY)。也可通过熔融纺丝装置直接进行延伸,且视其所需也可与延伸同时进行热处理。例如,使复合纤维于延伸机的给纱侧第1罗拉中,在50~100℃的温度下预热,使该经预热的复合纤维在上述第1罗拉与第2罗拉之间进行延伸,然后在80~180℃、较佳者为80~140℃的温度下加热的第2罗拉中实施热定型。在上述第1及第2罗拉间的延伸倍率,可在所得的复合纤维具有企求的纤维伸度下予以设定,例如以1.1~4.0较佳,以1.4~3.6更佳,可得到全延伸丝(SDY)。也可视其所需亦可与同时进行假捻加工热处理,例如使用加工速度500m/分,热板温度160℃,延伸倍率1.5经假捻加工程序,予以卷取,得到假捻加工丝(DTY)。
对根据本发明的吸湿伸长复合纤维实施沸水处理40分钟,测定于其施加6.6*10- 4g/d的负载下,以使安定化,对经热处理后该复合纤维施加6.6*10-4g/d的负载,静置于相对湿度60%及温度25℃下2小时,测其长度为L0,与使用喷雾器在该复合纤维喷入水气后1分钟,测其长度为L1,以下述式所示的伸长率ΔL。
ΔL=(L1-L0)*100/L0
根据本发明的复合纤维的ΔL为0.5以上,较佳为1.0至35.0,更佳1.5至30.0。
实施例
通过下述实施例更详细地说明本发明。
实施例1
使用耐纶6与聚丙烯在275℃下予以熔融,使用偏心蕊鞘型纺嘴,耐纶6为鞘,聚丙烯为芯,以复合比例70∶30,形成偏心蕊鞘型复合纤维,予以冷却固化,赋予油剂后,使纱线以速度3700m/分,予以卷取,制得75d/72f HOY的吸湿伸长复合纤维。结果如表1所示。
实施例2
使用耐纶6与聚丙烯在275℃下予以熔融,使用偏心蕊鞘型纺嘴,耐纶6为鞘,聚丙烯为芯,以复合比例70∶30,形成偏心蕊鞘型复合纤维,予以冷却固化,赋予油剂后,使纱线以速度2500m/分,在温度60℃的第1滚筒进行预热,然后,以速度4000m/分、在温度130℃下加热的第2滚筒间进行延伸热处理(延伸倍率1.6倍),予以卷取,制得75d/72f SDY的吸湿伸长复合纤维。
实施例3
使用耐纶6与聚丙烯在275℃下予以熔融,使用偏心蕊鞘型纺嘴,耐纶6为鞘,聚丙烯为芯,以复合比例70∶30,且形成偏心蕊鞘型复合纤维,予以冷却固化,赋予油剂后,使纱线以速度2500m/分,予以卷取,制得120d/72f POY的复合纤维,再以加工速度500m/分,热板温度160℃,延伸倍率1.6经假捻加工程序,予以卷取,制得75d/72f DTY的吸湿伸长复合纤维。
实施例4
使用耐纶6与聚丙烯在275℃下予以熔融,使用偏心蕊鞘型纺嘴,耐纶6为鞘,聚丙烯与10%聚酰胺共混聚合物为芯,以复合比例70∶30,且形成偏心蕊鞘型复合纤维,予以冷却固化,赋予油剂后,使纱线以速度3700m/分,予以卷取,制得75d/72f HOY的吸湿伸长复合纤维。
实施例5
使用耐纶6与聚乙烯在275℃下予以熔融,使用偏心蕊鞘型纺嘴,耐纶6为鞘,聚乙烯为芯,以复合比例70∶30,且形成偏心蕊鞘型复合纤维,予以冷却固化,赋予油剂后,使纱线以速度3700m/分,予以卷取,制得75d/72f HOY的吸湿伸长复合纤维。
实施例6
使用耐纶66与聚乙烯在275℃下予以熔融,使用偏心蕊鞘型纺嘴,耐纶66为鞘,聚乙烯为芯,以复合比例70∶30,且形成偏心蕊鞘型复合纤维,予以冷却固化,赋予油剂后,使纱线以速度3700m/分,予以卷取,制得75d/72f HOY的吸湿伸长复合纤维。
实施例7
使用耐纶6与聚丙烯在275℃下予以熔融,使用偏心蕊鞘型纺嘴,耐纶6为鞘,聚丙烯为芯,以复合比例55∶45,形成偏心蕊鞘型复合纤维,予以冷却固化,赋予油剂后,使纱线以速度3500m/分,予以卷取,制得75d/72f HOY的吸湿伸长复合纤维。结果如表1所示。
实施例8
使用耐纶6与聚丙烯在275℃下予以熔融,使用日月并列型纺嘴,耐纶6为鞘(月),聚丙烯为芯(日),以复合比例70∶30,形成日月并列型复合纤维,予以冷却固化,赋予油剂后,使纱线以速度3500m/分,予以卷取,制得75d/72f HOY的吸湿伸长复合纤维。结果如表1所示。
实施例9
使用耐纶6与聚丙烯在275℃下予以熔融,使用日月并列型纺嘴,耐纶6为芯(日),聚丙烯为鞘(月),以复合比例30∶70,形成偏心蕊鞘型复合纤维,予以冷却固化,赋予油剂后,使纱线以速度3400m/分,予以卷取,制得75d/72f HOY的吸湿伸长复合纤维。结果如表1所示。
比较例1
使用耐纶6与聚丙烯在275℃下予以熔融,使用同心圆蕊鞘型纺嘴,耐纶6为鞘,聚丙烯为芯,以复合比例70∶30,形成同心圆蕊鞘型复合纤维,予以冷却固化,赋予油剂后,使纱线以速度3700m/分,予以卷取,制得75d/72f HOY的复合纤维。
比较例2
使用较低极限黏度0.50的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯与较高极限黏度0.64聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯在290℃下予以熔融,使用偏心蕊鞘型纺嘴,较低极限黏度聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为鞘,较高极限黏度聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为芯,以复合比例70∶30,且形成偏心圆蕊鞘型复合纱线,予以冷却固化,赋予油剂后,使纱线以速度3700m/分,予以卷取,制得75d/72f HOY的复合纤维。
比较例3
使用较低极限黏度0.50聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯与较高极限黏度0.64聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯在290℃下予以熔融,使用日月并列型纺嘴,较低极限黏度聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为鞘(月),较高极限黏度聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为芯,以复合比例70∶30,且形成日月并列型复合纱线,予以冷却固化,赋予油剂后,使纱线以速度3700m/分,予以卷取,制得75d/72f HOY的复合纤维。
针对上述实施例及比较例的复合纤维进行下述测定。
(1)形态变化
使纱线进行筒编(3″/190针)编织,以酸性染料进行100℃染色、水洗后烘干,作为测定试料。使用喷雾器在该袜带中喷入水气,观察吸收水气后袜带状况,以肉眼判断通过水滴下的编目的膨松感或收缩情形。
编目变化1:水滴下后编目大为伸长(空隙变大)
编目变化2:水滴下后编目无变化
编目变化3:水滴下后编目显著收缩(空隙变小)
(2)吸湿伸长率:
以复合纤维制作1500De的绞纱,施加6.6*10-4g/d的轻负载下、于沸水中进行处理40分钟。然后,在6.6*10-4g/d的负载下、静置2小时,测其长度为L0,与使用喷雾器在该复合纤维喷入水气后1分钟,测其长度为L1。以下述式所示的吸湿伸长率ΔL为
ΔL=(L1-L0)/L0*100
表1
Claims (8)
1.一种吸湿伸长复合纤维,其特征为含有聚酰胺成份及聚烯烃成份,且以日月并列型或偏心蕊鞘型构造接合而成的复合纤维,该复合纤维具有吸湿伸长作用,该复合纤维通过吸水或吸湿增加纱线伸长变化,放湿后回复原长。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿伸长复合纤维,其特征在于,聚酰胺成分为耐纶6或耐纶66。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿伸长复合纤维,其特征在于,聚烯烃成份可为聚乙烯、聚丙烯及其共聚物或和聚酯或聚酰胺的共混物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿伸长复合纤维,其特征在于,纤维横截面形状为日月并列型或偏心蕊鞘型。
5.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿伸长复合纤维,其特征在于,以偏心蕊鞘型构造接合而成的复合纤维,其中以聚酰胺成分为鞘,及以聚烯烃成份为芯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿伸长复合纤维,其是高顺向延伸丝、全延伸丝、或假捻加工丝。
7.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿伸长复合纤维,其中聚酰胺成分与聚烯烃成份的比例,以重量比为基准时,聚酰胺成分/聚烯烃成分为30/70~70/30。
8.一种纱线,其包含根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的吸湿伸长复合纤维。
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