CN110289894B - Novel modulation method - Google Patents

Novel modulation method Download PDF

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CN110289894B
CN110289894B CN201910646902.5A CN201910646902A CN110289894B CN 110289894 B CN110289894 B CN 110289894B CN 201910646902 A CN201910646902 A CN 201910646902A CN 110289894 B CN110289894 B CN 110289894B
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modulation
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constellation
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CN110289894A (en
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方舒
黄润
张邵芳
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0602—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching
    • H04B7/0608—Antenna selection according to transmission parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0036—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff arrangements specific to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H04L1/0054—Maximum-likelihood or sequential decoding, e.g. Viterbi, Fano, ZJ algorithms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/345—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information
    • H04L27/3461—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel
    • H04L27/3483—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel using a modulation of the constellation points

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and relates to a novel modulation method based on a spatial channel. The invention mainly adjusts the space information based on the MIMO channel after the transmitting terminal obtains the downlink channel, namely constructs a constellation diagram based on the space channel according to the channel, and then encodes, transmits and demodulates the signal. Compared with the traditional QAM constellation diagram, the scheme of the invention can obtain better performance in high-order modulation, namely, when M is larger, and has better confidentiality.

Description

Novel modulation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and relates to a novel modulation method based on a spatial channel.
Background
Modulation techniques in the conventional communication system include Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), Phase Modulation (PSK), and quadrature Amplitude Modulation (qam). QAM modulation is widely used in 4G, 5G and future communication systems due to its good spectral efficiency and performance.
As one of the key technologies in the future wireless communication field, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology greatly improves link reliability and system Spectrum Efficiency (SE). Under the MIMO architecture, a new MIMO Modulation technique Spatial Modulation (SM) is proposed.
In spatial modulation techniques, only one antenna is activated at a time to transmit data. The input data bits are mapped into two parts, one part is mapped to the serial number of the active antenna, and the other part is mapped to the modulation constellation point transmitted on the active antenna. Therefore, the spatial modulation can effectively avoid the problems of inter-channel interference and transmitting end antenna synchronization in the traditional multiple-input multiple-output technology. If all the input bits are mapped to active antenna numbers, the technique becomes a Space Shift Keying (SSK) technique.
The space shift keying modulation technology originally makes the input bit and the serial number of the transmitting antenna form a mapping relation, namely, the transmission bit is used for selecting and activating the antenna with the corresponding serial number. In each time slot, only one transmitting antenna bears information, and other antennas are in idle states. The mapping mode is that decimal plus one corresponding to the transmission bit data is the transmitted antenna index, namely the antenna serial number. At the transmitting end, the symbol 1 carrying no information is transmitted on the antenna corresponding to the antenna index. Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of a space shift keying modulation technique SSK.
The receiving end adopts maximum likelihood detection (ML) algorithm to decode the demodulated antenna serial number and the transmitted signal to obtain the original data. A typical codebook corresponding to this is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 space shift keying mapping code table
Figure BDA0002133878490000011
Figure BDA0002133878490000021
Fig. 2 is a system block diagram of a spatial modulation SM. Compared with the space shift keying modulation technology, the space modulation technology divides input bits into blocks, wherein one part of data is mapped to symbols sent on antennas by adopting APM modulation, and the other part of bit data is mapped to serial numbers of active antennas similar to SSK modulation. Thus, spatial modulation techniques achieve higher spectral efficiency than space shift keying modulation techniques. At the receiving end, the received signal may be subjected to symbol demapping by maximum likelihood detection or other detection methods to obtain the transmitted data. Table 2 shows a typical codebook for spatial modulation, where the transmit antenna is 4, the first two bits are SSK modulated in dimension M ═ 4, and the last 1 bit is BPSK modulated.
Table 2 space modulation technique code table M-4 BPSK
Figure BDA0002133878490000022
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a brand new modulation method based on a spatial Channel, which is defined as Spatial Channel Modulation (SCM).
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: if the transmitting end obtains the downlink channel csi (channel State information), the transmitting end may modulate based on the spatial channel information of the MIMO channel. In a typical scenario, such as a TDD mode, through uplink and downlink reciprocity, a base station may obtain information of a downlink MIMO channel through an uplink srs (sounding Reference signal).
The invention is based on a MIMO system with NtRoot transmitting antenna and NrA receiving antenna as shown in fig. 3.
Assuming that the base station in the TDD mode can obtain the downlink channel matrix through uplink srs (sounding Reference signal) information (or other methods):
Figure BDA0002133878490000031
wherein h isj,iRepresenting the value of the jth row and ith column in the channel matrix H.
The adopted space channel modulation SCM mode at this time is as follows:
a sending end:
s1, base station first according to N-log2M，M≤NrNtThe binary bits determine the spatial Channel constellation (spatial Channel constellation). Wherein, M is a modulation order, and N is a corresponding binary bit number under the modulation order. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1-1, converting N in the H matrixrNtThe M channel elements of the elements are extracted, and the M channel elements may be extracted according to a fixed criterion, such as in the order of the H matrix, or according to a criterion such as taking the largest M channel elements. If the modulus values of the M channel elements are: q. q.si1, 2.., M. The phase theta of the ith element of M channel elementsiTaking out (or according to other rules), the serial number value of i can pass through the base stationAfter selection, the terminal is informed of the thetaiBy zeroing the phase ofi＝0。
S1-2, determining the rotational phase of the M channel elements. Let p bei2 pi (i-1)/M, i 1,2iIndicating the phase of the corresponding element of the ith channel.
S1-3, constructing a constellation diagram based on the space channel as follows:
Figure BDA0002133878490000032
or:
Figure BDA0002133878490000041
pirepresenting the phase corresponding to the ith element generated offline according to some criteria.
S2, the base station determines the space channel constellation diagram according to the input N binary bits
Figure BDA0002133878490000042
The modulation symbols of (2). After N binary bits are converted into decimal, a decimal serial number t is obtainedqDetermining the corresponding transmitted symbol as
Figure BDA0002133878490000043
Representation of taking spatial channel constellation
Figure BDA0002133878490000044
(t) ofq+1) value as the spatial channel constellation modulation symbol corresponding to the input binary bit.
And S3, after the transmitting symbol is determined, the symbol is transmitted according to different MIMO transmission modes.
Mode 1: and determining transmission data according to the transmission layer number of the sending end under the precoding structure. If the number of layers is K, according to the steps of S1 and S2 and the input K stream binary systemBit-determined K stream spatial channel modulation symbol x ═ x1 x2...xK]T，xiSymbols on the spatial channel constellation corresponding to the kth stream data obtained according to steps S1 and S2.
According to the traditional method, x is equal to [ x ]1 x2...xK]TPrecoding to obtain a precoded transmission signal:
Figure BDA0002133878490000045
wherein W is a precoding matrix, and the transmission signal after normalization operation of the transmission signal is:
Figure BDA0002133878490000046
wherein
Figure BDA0002133878490000047
Is a power normalization factor, |. luminance2Is the 2 norm of the matrix.
In addition to the method of mode 1, the modulation can be used in any conventional multi-antenna transmission system, such as antenna selection, space-time block coding (STBC), etc.
S4, the base station informs the terminal that the constellation diagram adopted is a constellation diagram Q of multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM modulation) (e.g., 4QAM modulation, Q ═ 1+ j-1 + j-1-j)]) Or based on spatial channel constellations
Figure BDA0002133878490000048
(if a high-security communication is required, a constellation diagram based on a space channel can be adopted, so that even if the signal is intercepted, the opposite party does not know the signal
Figure BDA0002133878490000049
The specific selection and mapping rules of the communication system can hardly demodulate correct information, so that the communication safety is ensured). Specifically, the modulation mode indication information may be signaled through RRCOrder, MAC CE, or DCI is indicated to the terminal. This information may be indicated, for example, by DCI scheduling data transmission.
S5, if the base station adopts the constellation diagram based on the space channel
Figure BDA0002133878490000051
The modulation modes M and thetaiThe sequence number i of the terminal informs the terminal; if at the base end pair thetaiSetting zero, the base station informs the terminal theta i0. Specifically, the indication information may be indicated to the terminal through RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI. This information may be indicated, for example, by DCI scheduling data transmission.
Receiving end:
s6, the terminal determines whether a novel modulation mode based on space channel modulation is adopted according to modulation indication information indicated by DCI of high-level signaling or scheduling data transmission at the network side.
S7, if the terminal receives the notice that the base station adopts the modulation mode of the novel channel space, the terminal simultaneously receives the corresponding modulation orders M and thetaiAnd (4) information. The terminal firstly obtains the MIMO channel matrix H which is the same as the MIMO channel matrix H of the transmitting terminal through the CSI-RS reference signal, and simultaneously utilizes M and thetaiConstructing the same space channel modulation constellation as the originating end
Figure BDA0002133878490000052
S8, the signal received by the terminal is:
y＝Hx+n (6)
wherein n gauss noise is;
if the sending end adopts the mode 1, the terminal detects signals according to the traditional MMSE-IRC detection or other detection modes:
Figure BDA0002133878490000053
wherein g iskIs the equalization vector for the k-th stream,
Figure BDA0002133878490000054
for the data after the K-th stream equalization, K is 1,2, …, K.
If other MIMO transmission modes except mode 1 are adopted, MIMO reception and detection matched with the transmission mode are correspondingly performed at the receiving end, and the following signals to be demodulated are obtained:
Figure BDA0002133878490000055
s9, the terminal determines a demodulation method according to the modulation method indication information, specifically:
s9-1, if the instruction informs the terminal that the modulation mode is a spatial channel based modulation, the terminal performs the following processes:
modulation constellation in conjunction with spatial channels
Figure BDA0002133878490000056
According to space channel constellation demodulation mode pair
Figure BDA0002133878490000057
Demodulation is performed as follows:
Figure BDA0002133878490000058
thereby obtaining corresponding transmitted binary bits.
S9-2, if the indication informs the terminal that the modulation mode is the traditional QAM modulation, the terminal pair
Figure BDA0002133878490000061
Demodulation of the conventional constellation is performed.
Figure BDA0002133878490000062
Where Q is the conventional QAM modulation constellation.
The beneficial effects of this technical scheme do:
1) compared with the traditional QAM constellation map, the constellation map of the scheme can obtain better performance in high-order modulation, namely when M is larger;
2) in TDD mode, the method can be conveniently transplanted to any traditional MIMO system;
3) the more the number of the antennas is, the larger the gain which can be provided by the constellation diagram of the scheme is;
4) on the premise that a transmitting end knows a channel, the traditional QAM-based modulation mode can be replaced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a space shift keying modulation system;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a spatial modulation system;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a MIMO system;
fig. 4 is a comparison graph of an original constellation point and a phase rotated when a modulation order is 8, (a) is the original constellation point, and (b) is the phase rotated;
fig. 5 is a comparison graph of an original constellation point and a phase rotated when a modulation order is 16, (a) is the original constellation point, and (b) is the phase rotated;
fig. 6 is a comparison of the error curves of the present new scheme and the conventional space shift keying when the receiving antenna is 2;
fig. 7 is a comparison of the error curves of the new scheme and the conventional space shift keying when the receiving antenna is 4.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Examples
This embodiment specifically describes a spatial channel modulation system based on antenna selection with multiple transmission and multiple reception as an example. Assume that the number of transmit antennas is 4, the number of receive antennas is 2, and the modulation order M is 4. The transmitting end can obtain the channel gain matrix under the condition of knowing the channel state information as follows:
Figure BDA0002133878490000071
since the modulation order of the system is 4, 4 elements need to be selected from H as one constellation point symbol set in the present case. Now, it is specified to select the 1 st element of each column and get the following mapping:
00→q1＝|h11|,01→q2＝|h12|,10→q3＝|h13|,11→q4＝|h14| (12)
due to hijThe modulus of (2) is subject to (0,0.5) rayleigh distribution, and the average power of each symbol is 1 in a long-term statistical sense, so that the normalization processing of constellation points is not needed. Then, the phase rotation processing is carried out on the constellation symbols. It is now specified that the phase of the largest modulo element in the channel matrix is taken as the reference, assuming that the largest modulo element is h22I.e. theta1＝θ2＝θ3＝θ4＝θ22. And sequentially performing phase rotation processing according to an antenna serial number mapping rule, wherein a finally transmitted constellation point set can be represented as follows:
Figure BDA0002133878490000072
if the transmission bit is 01 at this time, the selected symbol is
Figure BDA0002133878490000073
In order to ensure that the instantaneous value of the transmitting end power is 1, a power adjustment factor β needs to be introduced for correction, so that the final transmitted symbol is:
Figure BDA0002133878490000074
since the present invention introduces an antenna selection technique, i.e. each time the antenna with the best channel state is activated. The transmitting end needs to calculate the F norm of the channel gain vector between each transmitting antenna and multiple receiving antennas, and then activates the antenna with the largest norm, the process is as follows:
Figure BDA0002133878490000075
suppose then h3||FMaximum, i.e., m-3, the 3 rd transmit antenna is activated.
After passing through the channel, the receiving end receives the following signals:
Figure BDA0002133878490000081
since the receiving end knows the channel state information, h13,h23Is known, while under known selection rules a set of constellation points can be obtained
Figure BDA0002133878490000082
Firstly, the received signals are processed as follows:
Figure BDA0002133878490000083
then, ML detection is used to decode and output, the process is as follows:
Figure BDA0002133878490000084
analysis of the processed signal reveals that the gain of this scheme is reflected in the constellation rotation and antenna selection compared to conventional spatial modulation. The received signal is again subjected to the simplification analysis to obtain the following equation:
Figure BDA0002133878490000085
the new scheme performs antenna selection, activates the antenna with the largest channel norm, and divides the noise by alphaj＝βhjm,j＝1,2,…,NrThe value is usually larger than 1, and the functions of reducing noise and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio are achieved, and the system performance is improved. And the distance between the constellation points is increased by rotating the phase of the constellation points, so that the distance between the constellation points is the mostThe small Euclidean distance is increased, and the error code performance is also improved. The performance improvement of the new scheme under the spatial modulation system in various aspects is analyzed by combining a specific simulation result.
TABLE 3 table of mean value of a with transmission change under different numbers of receiving and transmitting antennas by new scheme
Figure BDA0002133878490000086
Figure BDA0002133878490000091
The observation data can be that when the receive antennas are fixed, the average of a increases with the number of transmit antennas, and when N is fixedrWhen the value is 1, all alpha is not less than 1, noise is reduced, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved. As the number of receive antennas increases, the average value of α decreases all the way down, and there is a fraction α that is less than 1. This, while resulting in a small improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, still improves the performance of the system as a whole.
By observing the constellation diagram, the optimized constellation points can almost uniformly cover the whole complex plane space after phase rotation is carried out, the distance between the two constellation points is increased, and the minimum Euclidean distance is increased. The misjudgment probability is reduced under the same signal-to-noise ratio, and the error code performance of the system is naturally improved.
Fig. 5 and fig. 6 are graphs comparing the error rate curves of the new scheme with the conventional space shift keying under different spectral efficiencies at the number of receiving antennas of 2 and 4, respectively. When the receiving antenna is 2, the new scheme is comprehensively superior to the traditional space shift keying, and the antenna selection and the constellation point rotation bring larger gain. At a bit error rate of 10-2The new scheme with spectral efficiency of 2bps/Hz brings about a gain of 6dB compared to the conventional system. The gain becomes gradually smaller as the number of antennas (spectral efficiency) increases, and at 5bps/Hz, the gain is about 5 dB. However, as the signal-to-noise ratio increases, the performance of the new scheme improves more, and the bit error rate is 10-3The new scheme gain of 4 antennas is about 8dB. When the receiving antenna is changed to 4, the new scheme with the spectral efficiency of 2 and 3bps/Hz still has more obvious gain compared with the traditional space shift keying, and the error rate is 10-4The former gain exceeds 4dB, the latter is about 3 dB. When the spectrum efficiency is 4bps/Hz, the gain of the new scheme under low signal-to-noise ratio is about 2dB, the error code curves of the two schemes are gradually closed along with the increase of the signal-to-noise ratio, and the error code rate is approximately the same when the signal-to-noise ratio is 12 dB. When the spectrum efficiency is 5bps/Hz, the error code performance of the two is basically consistent, but the new scheme has certain performance improvement when the signal-to-noise ratio is within 6dB or above 10dB according to the change trend of an error rate curve.

Claims (1)

1. A novel modulation method is used for an MIMO system, and the system has NtRoot transmitting antenna and NrRoot receiving antennas, N for each end userrAnd defining a downlink channel matrix obtained by the base station as follows according to the receiving antenna:
Figure FDA0002953896120000011
hj,ia value representing the jth row and ith column in a channel matrix H, wherein the modulation method comprises:
a sending end:
s1, base station first according to N-log2Determining a spatial channel constellation by M binary bits, M being equal to or less than NrNtM is a modulation order, N is a binary bit number corresponding to the modulation order, and specifically includes:
s11, converting N in the H matrixrNtExtracting M channel elements in the elements, and recording the modulus values of the M channel elements as follows: q. q.si1, 2. ·, M; the phase theta of the ith element of M channel elementsiTaking out, the serial number value of i is selected by the base station and then notified to the mobile station, or the theta is determinediBy zeroing the phase ofi＝0；
S12, determining the rotation phase of M channel elements, and making pi2 pi (i-1)/M, i 1,2Number of trace elements, piRepresenting the phase of the corresponding element of the ith channel;
s13, constructing a constellation diagram based on the space channel as follows:
Figure FDA0002953896120000012
or:
Figure FDA0002953896120000013
pirepresenting the phase corresponding to the ith element generated off line;
s2, the base station determines the space channel constellation diagram according to the input N binary bits
Figure FDA0002953896120000014
Modulation symbol of (2): after N binary bits are converted into decimal, a decimal serial number t is obtainedqDetermining the corresponding transmitted symbol as
Figure FDA0002953896120000021
Representation of taking spatial channel constellation
Figure FDA0002953896120000022
(t) ofq+1) value as the spatial channel constellation modulation symbol corresponding to the input binary bit;
s3, after the transmitting symbol is determined, the symbol is transmitted according to the MIMO transmission mode;
s4, defining Q as the traditional constellation diagram adopting multi-system quadrature amplitude modulation, the base station informs the terminal of the adopted constellation diagram based on the space channel constellation diagram through the modulation mode indication information
Figure FDA0002953896120000023
Or the traditional QAM constellation diagram Q, if the space channel constellation diagram is adopted
Figure FDA0002953896120000024
Step S5 is entered, otherwise step S6 is entered;
s5, modulating modes M and thetaiThe sequence number i of the terminal informs the terminal; if at the base end pair thetaiSetting zero, the base station informs the terminal thetai＝0；
Receiving end:
s6, the terminal judges whether a modulation mode based on the space channel is adopted according to the modulation mode indication information, if so, the step S7 is carried out, otherwise, the step S10 is carried out;
s7, according to received corresponding modulation orders M and thetaiInformation, the terminal obtains the MIMO channel matrix H same as the transmitting terminal through the CSI-RS reference signal, and simultaneously utilizes M and thetaiConstructing the same space channel modulation constellation as the originating end
Figure FDA0002953896120000025
S8, the signal received by the terminal is:
y＝Hx+n
wherein x is a transmission signal, and n is Gaussian noise;
and then, correspondingly equalizing and detecting the received signals to obtain the following signals to be demodulated:
Figure FDA0002953896120000026
wherein
Figure FDA0002953896120000027
For the data after the K-th stream equalization, K is 1,2, …, K;
s9, determining the demodulation method, and the terminal performs the following processes:
combined with constellation diagram
Figure FDA0002953896120000028
According to spatial channelsConstellation demodulation mode pair
Figure FDA0002953896120000029
Demodulation is performed as follows:
Figure FDA00029538961200000210
obtaining a corresponding transmission binary bit;
s10, the signal received by the terminal is:
y＝Hx+n
wherein x is a transmission signal and n is Gaussian noise;
and then, correspondingly equalizing and detecting the received signals to obtain the following signals to be demodulated:
Figure FDA0002953896120000031
wherein
Figure FDA0002953896120000032
For the data after the K-th stream equalization, K is 1,2, …, K;
s11, the terminal pair according to the Q demodulation mode of the traditional constellation diagram
Figure FDA0002953896120000033
And (3) demodulation:
Figure FDA0002953896120000034
the corresponding transmitted binary bit is obtained.
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