CN109818663A - A kind of low complex degree difference quadrature spatial modulation detection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low complex degree difference quadrature spatial modulation detection method (referred to as LC-DQSM algorithms,), this method to estimate transmitting antenna index sequence step by step and emits symbol for one or two two kinds of situations on the basis of receipt signal matrix are split as signal vector, through consideration activation antenna.Wherein the first situation detects thought using signal vector, and second situation is detected using improved block sorting least mean-square error thought.Simulation result shows that under the premise of guaranteeing algorithm performance, LC-DQSM algorithm has obtained significantly reducing relative to maximum likelihood algorithm (ML) complexity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a signal detection method of a receiving end of a wireless communication system, and specifically relates to a low-complexity differential orthogonal space modulation detection method.
Background
Quadrature Spatial Modulation (QSM) is a novel Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless communication technology, which improves the overall spectrum efficiency by expanding the spatial constellation, while retaining all the advantages of SM. Channel State Information (CSI) is crucial in QSM because a portion of the data is encoded using euclidean distance differences between different channel paths. While Differential Spatial Modulation (DSM) completely eliminates the receiver end's need for any CSI while preserving the advantages of SM, the DSM idea is used for differential QSM schemes to avoid the receiver's need for CSI.
In Differential Quadrature Spatial Modulation (DQSM), permutation matrices of transmit antennas are used to transmit real and imaginary parts of a transmit symbol, respectively. In a QSM, one or both transmit antennas may be active at a particular time, depending on the incoming data bits. Parallel transmission is not possible in DSM because differential demodulation cannot identify more than one transmit antenna at a time. However, in QSM, the in-phase and quadrature components of the transmit symbol modulate the cosine and sine portions of the carrier signal, respectively. Therefore, the transmitted data are orthogonal and can be decoded separately by IQ demodulation. In contrast, a Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection algorithm of the DQSM is proposed, which has excellent performance but requires traversal search and is extremely complex.
Based on the above background, the present invention provides a new Low-Complexity Differential detection method (LC-DQSM algorithm for short) for a Differential space orthogonal modulation system. According to the method, a received signal matrix is firstly split into vector forms at a receiving end, so that the application of a low-complexity ML detection algorithm is facilitated, and meanwhile, the calculation complexity of the algorithm is reduced by reducing a channel matrix. Then, considering the transmit antennas in two different cases, the SVD and OB-MMSE detection ideas are used to estimate the transmit antenna index sequence and the transmit symbols from the scene without performing a traversal search, thereby reducing complexity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a low-complexity differential orthogonal spatial modulation detection method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a low-complexity differential orthogonal spatial modulation detection method comprises the following steps:
in the differential space orthogonal modulation system, firstly, a receiving signal matrix is split into a receiving signal matrix of column vectors at a receiving end, and then a transmitting antenna index sequence and a transmitting symbol are estimated step by step, wherein according to the signal construction characteristics of the differential orthogonal modulation system, transmitting antennas need to be considered under two different conditions. In the first case, it is assumed that only one antenna is active, which means that the real and imaginary parts of the transmitted symbol are transmitted via the same antenna. In the second case, it is assumed that the real and imaginary parts of the transmitted symbol are transmitted via two different transmit antennas.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can also adopt the following further technical scheme:
the differential spatial quadrature modulation system has NtRoot transmitting antenna and NrAnd according to the receiving antenna, M-order PSK modulation is adopted. The differential quadrature spatial modulation process is as follows: the information bits are first divided into three parts, N of the first parttlog2M bits are subjected to M-order PSK modulation to obtain modulation symbols, the second part(Represents rounding down, (. The! Representing factorial) bits for selecting antenna index of real part, the restThe bits are used to select the antenna index of the imaginary part. Then loading the real part of the corresponding modulation symbol on the real part antenna index matrix to obtain a matrixObtaining matrix by loading imaginary part on imaginary part antenna index matrix( Andany column of any row has one and only one nonzero element, and the requirement that different time slots activate different antennas to transmit a single symbol is met); matrix of symbolsAndrespectively carrying out differential conversion to obtainAnd( wherein The real part difference matrix obtained after the difference change at the time d,the imaginary part difference matrix obtained after the difference change at the time d,the matrix of real symbols transmitted for time d,for the imaginary symbol matrix transmitted at time d, S0As an identity matrix); finally, the S isdLoading on transmitting antenna to transmit, and receiving matrix at d-th time at receiving endIs composed of
Yd＝ΗdSd+Nd(1)
wherein ,is a matrix of the emission of the light,representing a channel matrix and a noise matrix whose elements obey complex Gaussian distributions CN (0,1) and CN (0, sigma), respectively2)，σ2Is the noise power. The splitting of the received signal matrix into column vectors is specifically: the receiving end maximum likelihood detection algorithm formula can be expressed as wherein ,andrespectively representing an estimated real part receive matrix and an estimated imaginary part receive matrix,andrespectively representing an estimated real part transmit matrix and an estimated imaginary part transmit matrix,andrespectively representing a real transmit matrix candidate set and an imaginary transmit matrix candidate set,representing a norm form. Based on the ML detection structure, the received signal obtained at the d-1 momentChannel gain matrix considered necessary for detecting a transmitted signal at time d Channel gain matrix considered necessary for detecting a transmitted signal at time dAnd the received signal matrix is split into the form of signal vectors.
Further, in the first case, the real part of the transmitted symbol s is assumedAnd imaginary partTransmitting from the same antenna with index value l, wherein the algorithm specifically comprises the following steps: first, the idea of signal vector detection is utilizedObtaining the activated transmit antenna index sequence, i.e. wherein Gl|i、Yd|i and Hd|lEach represents Gl and YdH and hdColumn l. Then, on the basis of MPSK modulation, according to the angle variation range of the received signal, the modulation symbol is directly calculated by using the formulas (2) and (3)And
where round (.) and mod (.) denote rounding and modulo operations respectively,θl|iis composed ofThe corresponding angle is set to be the same as the angle,finally its Euclidean distance measure isDiColumn i, i e {1,2, …, N, representing Dt}。
Further, the method can be used for preparing a novel materialIn the second case, i.e. assuming the real part of the transmitted symbol sAnd imaginary partRespectively from two index values ofAndthe antenna of (1) is transmitted, the detection is carried out by adopting an improved block sorting minimum mean square error thought, and the algorithm specifically comprises the following steps:
first, define wherein m∈{1,2,…,Nt}，(·)HWhich represents a conjugate transpose matrix of the image,a pseudo-inverse matrix is represented. Then theOrder to Index vector representing α th transmit antenna group, where the number of all possible transmit antenna groups Representing the coefficients of a binomial expression, 2 representing the activation of a total of two antennas, 1 ≦ α ≦ Na，1≤kα,1≠kα,2≤Nt. Then L isαWeight factor of
Defining a weight vectorV is to beiArranged in descending order wherein λ1Andrespectively represent viThe maximum value and the minimum value in (1), i ∈ {1,2, …, Nt}。
Let us assume that λ is known fromτIf one transmitting antenna group transmits, the predicted transmitting symbol can be obtained by the minimum mean square error detectionComprises the following steps:
where τ ∈ {1,2, …, NaQ (-) denotes a demodulation function,(·)-1represents an inverse matrix, I2The identity matrix of 2 x 2 is represented.
Is defined as
When in useWhen the detection is terminated, where δ is 2Nrσ2. Then the transmit antenna index matrix is expectedAnd transmitting the symbol matrixIs composed of Then, let τ +1 again continue the above steps. If τ > NaThen, thenNamely, it isOrder toThen D isi'＝min{dz},i∈{1,2,…,Nt}。
Finally, if Di≤Di',i∈{1,2,…,NtIn the first case, the transmitted symbols are transmitted from the same antenna, and the final optimal detection value is obtainedIs composed ofIn the second case, on the other hand, the transmit symbols are transmitted from different antennas,is composed of
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the method divides the received signal matrix into vector forms at the receiving end, is beneficial to the application of the ML detection algorithm with low complexity, and reduces the calculation complexity of the algorithm by reducing the channel matrix; then, the transmitting antenna is considered under two different conditions, the transmitting antenna index sequence and the transmitting symbol are estimated according to the scene by respectively utilizing the ideas of signal vector detection and minimum mean square error detection without traversing search, and the complexity is greatly reduced. The method not only approaches the ML performance, but also has lower complexity and has excellent theoretical and practical significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of N for a low complexity differential quadrature spatial modulation detection method in accordance with the present inventiont＝2,M＝4,NrBER performance of 2,3,4 DQSM system is compared with the diagram;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of algorithm complexity comparison of the low-complexity differential orthogonal spatial modulation detection method proposed by the present invention at different numbers of transmit antennas, receiving antennas and modulation orders.
Table 1 is a complexity comparison table of ML algorithm and LC-DQSM algorithm of the low complexity differential quadrature spatial modulation detection algorithm proposed by the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention adopts a low-complexity differential orthogonal space modulation detection method which comprises the following steps:
firstly, the algorithm splits a received signal matrix into a received signal matrix of column vectors at a receiving end, and then estimates a transmitting antenna index sequence and a transmitting symbol step by step. Wherein, according to the signal construction characteristics of the differential orthogonal modulation system, the transmitting antenna needs to be considered under two different conditions. In the first case, it is assumed that only one antenna is active, which means that the real and imaginary parts of the transmitted symbol are transmitted via the same antenna. In the second case, it is assumed that the real and imaginary parts of the transmitted symbol are transmitted via two different transmit antennas. On the basis of the technical scheme, the method of the invention is described in detail as follows:
the differential spatial quadrature modulation system has NtRoot transmitting antenna and NrAnd according to the receiving antenna, M-order PSK modulation is adopted. The differential quadrature spatial modulation process is as follows: the information bits are first divided into three parts, N of the first parttlog2M bits are subjected to M-order PSK modulation to obtain modulation symbols, the second part(Represents rounding down, (. The! Representing factorial) bits for selecting antenna index of real part, the restThe bits are used to select the antenna index of the imaginary part. Then loading the real part of the corresponding modulation symbol on the real part antenna index matrix to obtain a matrixObtaining matrix by loading imaginary part on imaginary part antenna index matrix( Andany column of any row has one and only one nonzero element, and the requirement that different time slots activate different antennas to transmit a single symbol is met); matrix of symbolsAndrespectively carrying out differential conversion to obtainAnd( wherein The real part difference matrix obtained after the difference change at the time d,the imaginary part difference matrix obtained after the difference change at the time d,the matrix of real symbols transmitted for time d,for the imaginary symbol matrix transmitted at time d, S0As an identity matrix); finally, the S isdLoading on transmitting antenna to transmit, and receiving matrix at d-th time at receiving endIs composed of
Yd＝ΗdSd+Nd(1)
wherein ,is a matrix of the emission of the light,andrepresenting a channel matrix and a noise matrix whose elements obey complex Gaussian distributions CN (0,1) and CN (0, sigma), respectively2)，σ2Is the noise power.
The splitting of the received signal matrix into column vectors is specifically: the receiving end maximum likelihood detection algorithm formula can be expressed as wherein ,andrespectively representing an estimated real part receive matrix and an estimated imaginary part receive matrix,andrespectively representing an estimated real part transmit matrix and an estimated imaginary part transmit matrix,andrespectively representing a real transmit matrix candidate set and an imaginary transmit matrix candidate set,representing a norm form. Detection in MLStructure based reception of signals obtained at d-1Channel gain matrix considered necessary for detecting a transmitted signal at time d Channel gain matrix considered necessary for detecting a transmitted signal at time dAnd the received signal matrix is split into the form of signal vectors.
Further, in the first case, the real part of the transmitted symbol s is assumedAnd imaginary partTransmitting from the same antenna with index value l, specifically including: firstly, the activated transmitting antenna index sequence is obtained by using the idea of signal vector detection, namely wherein Gl|i、Yd|i and Hd|lEach represents Gl and YdH and hdColumn l. Then, on the basis of MPSK modulation, according to the angle variation range of the received signal, the modulation symbol is directly calculated by using the formula (2)And
where round (.) and mod (.) denote rounding and modulo operations respectively,θl|iis composed ofThe corresponding angle is set to be the same as the angle,finally its Euclidean distance measure isDiColumn i, i e {1,2, …, N, representing Dt}。
Further, in the second case, the real part of the transmitted symbol s is assumedAnd imaginary partRespectively from two index values ofAndthe antenna of (1) is transmitted, the detection is carried out by adopting the idea of improved block sorting minimum mean square error, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
first, define wherein (·)HWhich represents a conjugate transpose matrix of the image,a pseudo-inverse matrix is represented. Then let Lα＝[kα,1,kα,2]Index vector representing α th transmit antenna group, where the number of all possible transmit antenna groups Representing the coefficients of a binomial expression, 2 representing the activation of a total of two antennas, 1 ≦ α ≦ Na，1≤kα,1≠kα,2≤Nt。Then L isαWeight factor of
Defining a weight vectorV is to beiArranged in descending order wherein λ1 and λNaRespectively represent viThe maximum value and the minimum value in (1), i ∈ {1,2, …, Nt}。
Let us assume that λ is known fromτIf one transmitting antenna group transmits, the predicted transmitting symbol can be obtained by the minimum mean square error detectionComprises the following steps:
where τ ∈ {1,2, …, NaQ (-) denotes a demodulation function,(·)-1denotes an inverse matrix, I2 denotes a 2 × 2 identity matrix.
Is defined as
When in useWhen the detection is terminated, where δ is 2Nrσ2. Then the transmit antenna index matrix is expectedAnd transmitting the symbol matrixIs composed ofThen, let τ +1 again continue the above steps. If τ > NaThen, thenNamely, it isOrder toThen D isi'＝min{dz},i∈{1,2,…,Nt}。
Finally, if Di≤Di',i∈{1,2,…,NtIn the first case, the transmitted symbols are transmitted from the same antenna, and the final optimal detection value is obtainedIs composed ofIn the second case, on the other hand, the transmit symbols are transmitted from different antennas,is composed of
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
From fig. 1, it can be observed that BER performance of the LC-DQSM algorithm is similar to that of the ML algorithm, loss is not more than 3dB, and system performance of both algorithms is improved with the increase of the number of receiving antennas. The ML algorithm uses a classical block-by-block detection method to jointly detect the active antenna indices and modulation symbols, resulting in optimal performance. The LC-DQSM algorithm is designed based on splitting the received signal matrix into signal vectors, which results in the loss of performance of the algorithm due to the wrong decision in the previous detection. However, the computational complexity of the LC-DQSM algorithm is much less than that of the ML algorithm.
Fig. 2 compares the complexity of the ML algorithm and the LC-DQSM algorithm at different numbers of transmit antennas, numbers of receive antennas, and modulation orders. As can be seen from fig. 2, the complexity of the LC-DQSM algorithm is reduced by about 99% compared with the ML algorithm, specifically, in the figure, compared with the (4,4,4) condition, the number of the transmitting antennas and the number of the receiving antennas are unchanged, the modulation order is increased, the complexity of the ML algorithm is greatly increased, and the LC-DQSM algorithm is only slightly increased; (4,4,4) compared with the condition (16,4,4), the modulation order and the number of receiving antennas are unchanged, the number of transmitting antennas is increased, the complexity of the ML algorithm is larger than that of the ML algorithm which only increases the modulation order, and the LC-DQSM algorithm still only increases slightly; (16,4,4) compared with the (16,16,4) condition, the number of transmitting antennas and the modulation order are unchanged, the number of receiving antennas is increased, the complexity of the ML algorithm is greatly increased, and the LC-DQSM algorithm is only slightly increased.
The complexity calculation is based on the number of real number multiplication, and the calculation complexity of the differential spatial modulation system adopting different detection algorithms is shown in table 1. As can be seen from the table, the computational complexity of the ML algorithm is a function of the modulation order M and the number of transmit antennas N, as compared to the LC-DQSM algorithmtExponential increase, M, NtThe higher the ML complexity. Therefore, in a large-scale NCSM system, the computational complexity of the LC-DQSM algorithm is much smaller than that of the ML algorithm.
TABLE 1 complexity analysis Table
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications or alterations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A low-complexity differential orthogonal spatial modulation detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) under a differential orthogonal modulation system, splitting a received signal matrix into a received signal matrix of column vectors at a receiving end; 2) estimating the transmitting antenna index sequence and the transmitting symbol step by step, wherein according to the signal construction characteristics of the differential orthogonal modulation system, the transmitting antenna needs to be considered under two different conditions: in the first case, it is assumed that only one antenna is active, which means that the real part and the imaginary part of the transmitted symbol are transmitted through the same antenna, and the detection is performed by adopting the signal vector idea; in the second case, the real part and the imaginary part of the transmission symbol are supposed to be transmitted through two different transmission antennas, the improved idea of block sorting minimum mean square error is adopted for detection, and finally the Euclidean distances in the two cases are compared, and the transmission antenna is the corresponding case of the smaller one.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the differential spatial quadrature modulation system has NtRoot transmitting antenna and NrAccording to the receiving antenna, M-order PSK modulation is adopted, and the differential orthogonal space modulation process is as follows: the information bits are first divided into three parts, N of the first parttlog2M bits are subjected to M-order PSK modulation to obtain modulation symbols, the second partBits are used to select the antenna index of the real part, the restBits are used to select the antenna index of the imaginary part; then loading the real part of the corresponding modulation symbol on the real part antenna index matrix to obtain a matrixObtaining matrix by loading imaginary part on imaginary part antenna index matrix Andany column of any row has only one nonzero element, and the requirement that different time slots activate different antennas to transmit a single symbol is met; matrix of symbolsAndrespectively carrying out differential conversion to obtainAnd wherein The real part difference matrix obtained after the difference change at the time d,the imaginary part difference matrix obtained after the difference change at the time d,the matrix of real symbols transmitted for time d,an imaginary symbol matrix sent at time d; finally, the S isdLoading on transmitting antenna to transmit, and receiving matrix at d-th time at receiving endIs composed of
Yd＝ΗdSd+Nd(1)
wherein ,is a matrix of the emission of the light,andrepresenting a channel matrix and a noise matrix whose elements obey complex Gaussian distributions CN (0,1) and CN (0, sigma), respectively2)，σ2Is the noise power.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the splitting of the received signal matrix into column vectors is specifically: the receiving end maximum likelihood detection algorithm formula can be expressed as wherein ,andrespectively representing an estimated real part receive matrix and an estimated imaginary part receive matrix,andrespectively representing an estimated real part transmit matrix and an estimated imaginary part transmit matrix,andrespectively representing a real transmit matrix candidate set and an imaginary transmit matrix candidate set,representing norm form, based on the detection structure of ML algorithm, and obtaining the received signal at d-1 timeChannel gain matrix considered necessary for detecting a transmitted signal at time d Channel gain matrix considered necessary for detecting a transmitted signal at time dAnd splitting the received signal matrix into signal vector forms.
4. The low complexity differential quadrature spatial modulation detection method of claim 3 wherein in step 2), in the first case, the real part of the transmitted symbol s is assumedAnd imaginary partTransmitting from the same antenna with index l, then: firstly, the activated transmitting antenna index sequence is obtained by using the idea of signal vector detection, namely wherein Gl|i、Yd|i and Hd|lIndividual watchShow Gl and YdH and hdColumn l. Then, on the basis of MPSK modulation, according to the angle variation range of the received signal, the modulation symbol is directly calculated by using the formulas (2) and (3)And
where round (.) and mod (.) denote rounding and modulo operations respectively,θl|iis composed ofThe corresponding angle is set to be the same as the angle,
finally its Euclidean distance measure isDiColumn i, i e {1,2, …, N, representing Dt}。
5. The low complexity differential quadrature spatial modulation detection method of claim 3 wherein in step 2), in the second case, the real part of the transmitted symbol s is assumedAnd imaginary partRespectively from two index values ofAndthe antenna of (1) is transmitted, the detection is carried out by adopting the idea of improved block sorting minimum mean square error, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
first, define wherein m∈{1,2,…,Nt}，(·)HWhich represents a conjugate transpose matrix of the image,representing a pseudo-inverse matrix, then let Lα＝[kα,1,kα,2]Index vector representing α th transmit antenna group, where the number of all possible transmit antenna groups Expressing the coefficients of a binomial equation, where 2 denotes that two antennas are activated in total, 1. ltoreq. α. ltoreq.Na，1≤kα,1≠kα,2≤NtThen L isαWeight factor of
Defining a weight vectorV is to beiArranged in descending order wherein λ1Andrespectively represent viThe maximum value and the minimum value in (1), i ∈ {1,2, …, Nt}；
Let us assume that λ is known fromτIf one transmitting antenna group transmits, the predicted transmitting symbol can be obtained by the minimum mean square error detectionComprises the following steps:
where τ ∈ {1,2, …, NaQ (-) denotes a demodulation function,(·)-1represents an inverse matrix, I2An identity matrix representing 2 x 2;
is defined as
When in useWhen the detection is terminated, where δ is 2Nrσ2Then the transmit antenna index matrix is predictedAnd transmitting the symbol matrixIs composed ofThen, the step is continued by making tau be tau + 1; if τ > NaThen, thenNamely, it isOrder toThen D isi'＝min{dz},i∈{1,2,…,Nt}。
6. The method of claim 3, wherein if the Euclidean distance in the first case is not greater than the second case, the transmitting antenna is the first case and the transmitting symbol is transmitted from the same antenna, otherwise, the transmitting symbol is transmitted from different antennas in the second case.
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