CN111585621B - Communication method based on antenna selection of maximized artificial noise power - Google Patents

Communication method based on antenna selection of maximized artificial noise power Download PDF

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CN111585621B
CN111585621B CN202010315218.1A CN202010315218A CN111585621B CN 111585621 B CN111585621 B CN 111585621B CN 202010315218 A CN202010315218 A CN 202010315218A CN 111585621 B CN111585621 B CN 111585621B
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antenna
artificial noise
receiving
transmitting
noise power
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CN111585621A (en
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牛鸿
雷霞
肖悦
郭瑞林
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0691—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using subgroups of transmit antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H04B7/0805—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching
    • H04B7/0814—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching based on current reception conditions, e.g. switching to different antenna when signal level is below threshold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K1/00—Secret communication
    • H04K1/02—Secret communication by adding a second signal to make the desired signal unintelligible

Abstract

The invention provides a communication method for antenna selection based on maximized artificial noise power, which comprises the following steps: 1) both communication parties determine the total number of transmitting antennas and the total number of receiving antennas, and each time slot uses a plurality of transmitting antennas and 1 receiving antenna during appointed communication; 2) calculating artificial noise power, and selecting a plurality of transmitting antennas which maximize the artificial noise power and 1 receiving antenna as a communication transmitting and receiving antenna; 3) the sender uses the random weighting coefficient to weight the modulation symbol and then sends out the modulation symbol through a certain active antenna determined by spatial modulation, and the receiver receives the modulation symbol through the active receiving antenna and mediates and recovers the information bit. The invention further deteriorates the bit error rate performance of the eavesdropper by maximizing the power of the artificial noise, and simultaneously further enhances the bit error rate performance of a legal receiver because the artificial noise is related to the modulus of the channel information.

Description

Communication method based on antenna selection of maximized artificial noise power
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication physical layer security, and relates to a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology, a Spatial Modulation (SM) technology, AN Artificial Noise (AN) technology and AN Antenna Selection (AS) technology.
Background
Spatial modulation is proposed as a new mimo method, which can activate only one antenna in a timeslot and use the activated antenna index to carry other information, while reducing the complexity of the transceiver. Specifically, spatial modulation systems convey two types of information: (1) an activated transmit antenna combination; (2) the symbols are transmitted on the activated antennas.
Physical layer security becomes challenging in spatial modulation given that spatial modulation faces the risk of revealing information to an illegal eavesdropper. In the conventional MISO system, artificial noise is proposed for enhancing security. By introducing AN into a Spatial Modulation-Multiple Input Single Output (SM-MISO) system, some researchers have proposed a secure Unitary Coded Spatial Modulation (UC-SM) scheme, which aims to generate time-varying interference to AN eavesdropper, and a sender Alice and a receiver Bob transmit the same information in two different time slots, so that a legal receiver can obtain 2 times of transmission diversity gain. In the UC-SM system, one transmission component is divided into four time slots, and two different modulation symbols are respectively transmitted. However, UC-SM has the limitation of a single receive antenna, which can result in a loss of performance of the receiver. Although antenna selection has been widely used for spatial modulation-multiple input multiple output SM-MIMO systems, it is still challenging to devise a new antenna selection criterion based on physical layer security in UC-SM systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an antenna selection standard based on maximum Artificial-Noise-Maximization (ANM) power and implement combining transmission and reception antenna selection in a UC-SM system, aiming at the existing antenna selection technology considering only the standard based on the performance of a legal party, so as to achieve a better balance between security performance and computational complexity.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is that the communication method based on the antenna selection for maximizing the artificial noise power comprises the following steps:
1) both communication parties determine the total number of transmitting antennas and the total number of receiving antennas, and the designated space modulation range is NtRoot transmitting antenna and 1 receiving antenna, Nt>1；
2) Calculating artificial noise power, selectingMaximizing artificial noise power NtThe root transmitting antenna and the 1 receiving antenna are used as the communication receiving and transmitting antenna;
3) the information bit of the sending party is subjected to space modulation to obtain a modulation symbol and the modulation symbol is obtained in the NtAnd determining 1 activation in the root transmitting antenna, performing weighting processing on the modulation symbols by using a random weighting coefficient, transmitting the weighted modulation symbols through the activation antenna determined by spatial modulation, and receiving the modulation symbols by a receiving party through the activated 1 receiving antenna and mediating and recovering information bits.
Aiming at the problems that the existing antenna selection technology only considers the performance of a legal party and has higher complexity, the invention selects the antenna based on the criterion of maximizing the artificial noise power and applies the criterion in the UC-SM safety system. In the UC-SM system, the bit error rate performance of AN eavesdropper is further deteriorated by maximizing the power of artificial noise, and meanwhile, the enhancement of the bit error rate performance of a legal receiver is further realized because AN is related to the modulus of channel information.
The invention has the advantages of inhibiting the eavesdropping capability of an eavesdropper and simultaneously enhancing the transmission performance between the legal parties. Meanwhile, the method has lower complexity, and avoids the defect of high complexity of traditional antenna selection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an antenna selection system based on maximizing artificial noise power according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a UC-SM system at NT＝6，Nt＝4，NRWhen the performance of the antenna selection scheme adopting the ANM criterion is 3, comparing the performance of the antenna selection scheme with that of the traditional UC-SM system, wherein the ANM-AS represents the method of the invention, and the origin represents the error rate performance of the traditional UC-SM system;
FIG. 3 shows a UC-SM system, at NT＝7，Nt＝4，NRWhen 3, the antenna selection scheme using the ANM criterion is compared with the performance of the conventional UC-SM system.
Detailed Description
For better illustration of the present invention, terms and system structures used in the technical solution of the present invention will be described.
MIMO: the MIMO technology refers to improving communication quality by using a plurality of transmitting antennas and receiving antennas at a transmitting end and a receiving end, respectively, so that signals are transmitted and received through the plurality of antennas of the transmitting end and the receiving end.
SM: the SM technology is a novel multi-antenna transmission technology, adopts the activation state of an antenna as a new means of digital modulation, changes the index information of the activated antenna into an additional data carrying mode, and is a wireless physical layer transmission technology with a very promising prospect.
AN: the AN technique is a physical layer technique in which noise that does not affect demodulation of a legitimate receiver is artificially added to a transmission signal vector, and AN eavesdropper is interfered by the artificially added noise, thereby improving security.
AS: the basic starting point of the AS technology is to select a part of good antennas for use from all antennas, thereby not only exerting the advantages of space diversity or multiplexing of the MIMO system, but also reducing the hardware complexity thereof.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of an antenna selection system under the secure unitary coding spatial modulation proposed by the present invention.
The system implementation is roughly divided into the following steps:
step 1: determining parameters of the system to be selected, i.e. determining the total number of transmit antennas NTTotal number of receiving antennas NRSpecifying a spatial modulation range of NtRoot transmitting antenna and 1 receiving antenna, Nt>1；
Step 2: calculating artificial noise power, and selecting a transmitting and receiving antenna which maximizes the artificial noise power;
and step 3: and the transmitting party determines to activate the antenna according to the spatial modulation, uses the random weighting coefficient to carry out weighting processing on the modulation symbol and then transmits the modulation symbol, and the receiving party receives the modulation symbol through the selected receiving antenna and mediates and restores the information bit.
Model of UC-SM system
Consider an SM-MIMO system with a sender Alice having NTRoot antenna, legitimate receiver Bob has NRRoot aerial, eavesdropper Eve having NeA root antenna.Assuming that Bob can obtain accurate Channel State Information (CSI) and perfectly feed back to Alice, the sender is from N in the communication processTIn which N is selectedtRoot antenna, receiver from NROne receiving antenna is selected. At each time slot of a transmission, Alice follows NTSelecting N from root antennatThe root performs spatial modulation. In spatial modulation, NtOne of the root antennas is activated. Thus, the number of information bits transmitted via the index of the active antenna is
Figure GDA0002572817180000031
Indicating a rounding down operation. In addition, the information bits transmitted via one transmission group are 2log2M, M is the size of the signal constellation. Therefore, the total amount of information transmitted in four time slots in the UC-SM system is as follows
Figure GDA0002572817180000032
When Alice party is selected NtAfter the root antenna and 1 antenna selected by Bob side are determined, the position of the activated antenna is determined according to the transmission information, and x is used1And x2Representing two different transmission modulation symbols, wiRepresenting the random weighting coefficient of the ith slot. So the signal received by Bob can be expressed as
Figure GDA0002572817180000041
Wherein, yiIndicating the signal received in the ith time slot, hiIndicating the CSI corresponding to the i-th time slot activated antenna and obeying distribution
Figure GDA0002572817180000042
uiComplex white Gaussian noise obeying a mean of 0 with a variance of
Figure GDA0002572817180000043
To further ensure that AN does not affect Bob detection, random weight coefficients are generated as follows
Figure GDA0002572817180000044
Here, βxIs the power ratio of the transmitted signal, betatRepresenting the power ratio of the random artificial noise, d1And d2Are all gaussian random noise with 0 mean, unit variance. Beta is axAnd betatSatisfying the following power restrictions
Figure GDA0002572817180000045
Combining the received vectors of the first two time slots and the last two time slots, respectively, the final received vector of Bob can be expressed as
Figure GDA0002572817180000046
h12＝h1w1+h2w2＝βx(h1+h2)
h34＝h3w3+h4w4＝βx(h3+h4)
Therefore, the effect of artifacts at Bob's end can be eliminated. However, due to the channel independence, artifacts will have an impact on Eve.
B. Maximum artificial noise algorithm
B1. Calculating power of artificial noise
The ANM-AS scheme further deteriorates the bit error rate performance of the eavesdropper by maximizing the power of artificial noise, and the full channel information can be expressed AS
Figure GDA0002572817180000047
When Alice selects NTN in (1)tRoot, Bob elected NRAfter the root, the corresponding channel can be represented as
Figure GDA0002572817180000048
hH＝H(xb,xa) Wherein x isbThe index of the antenna is selected for Bob,
Figure GDA0002572817180000049
n selected for AlicetIndex set of root antennas, xi(i＝1,2,…,Nt) The index of the antenna is selected for the ith root.
For selected CSIhHAnd given random noise d1,d2The total power of the artificial noise in 4 slots can be described as
Figure GDA0002572817180000051
Wherein, | | · | | represents taking norm operation,
Figure GDA0002572817180000052
B2. calculating the maximum value of the artificial noise
Thus, for a given channel state information and random noise, the ANM-AS scheme may be described AS
Figure GDA0002572817180000053
Wherein p ═ 1,2, …, NR]TRepresenting all sets of Bob-selectable active antenna positions,
Figure GDA0002572817180000054
all sets representing Alice-selectable active antenna positions, in common
Figure GDA0002572817180000055
Possible combinations are described. By traversing all
Figure GDA0002572817180000056
Selecting cases, putting artificial noise power in each case into matrix correspondingly
Figure GDA0002572817180000057
In the above, an antenna selection scheme for maximizing the power of the artificial noise is sought. The ANM criterion can further degrade the bit error rate performance of the eavesdropper by maximizing the power of the artificial noise. In addition, the larger the power ratio of the artificial noise is, the more the selected channel state information h is meantiThe larger and therefore the better the performance of the legitimate receiver. Therefore, the proposed scheme of the present invention achieves a tradeoff between reliability and security, and the simulation steps are summarized in table 1.
Table 1: ANM-AS algorithm
Figure GDA0002572817180000058
Figure GDA0002572817180000061
Further, the ANM criterion takes into account computational complexity in terms of the number of Floating point Operations (FLOPs). When the selected antennas of Alice and Bob are determined, the artificial noise power requirements are calculated to be 39 FLOPs. Considering that there are in total
Figure GDA0002572817180000062
Table 2 gives the complexity of the ANM-AS algorithm in floating point operation, AS one possible option.
Table 2: complexity of calculation
Figure GDA0002572817180000063
Simulation result
In simulation, adopt NT＝6，NR＝3，Nt＝4，Nr＝1，Ne＝1，βt0.3. The modulation scheme employs Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), and maximum likelihood detection is considered under rayleigh fading channels.
Fig. 2 (a) and fig. 3 (a) show BER performance comparison between the conventional UC-SM system using BPSK modulation and the ANM-AS scheme proposed by the present invention under different antenna numbers.
Fig. 2 (b) and fig. 3 (b) compare BER performance of UC-SM system using QPSK modulation with the ANM-AS scheme proposed by the present invention in case of different number of antennas.
AS can be seen from fig. 2 and fig. 3, the proposed ANM-AS criterion not only improves the error rate that can be achieved by the eavesdropper and improves security, but also further reduces the error rate at the legal receiver and improves transmission performance.

Claims (3)

1. A communication method based on antenna selection that maximizes artificial noise power, comprising the steps of:
1) both communication parties determine the total number of transmitting antennas and the total number of receiving antennas, and the designated space modulation range is NtRoot transmitting antenna and 1 receiving antenna, Nt＞1；
2) Calculating the artificial noise power, selecting N that maximizes the artificial noise powertThe root transmitting antenna and the 1 receiving antenna are used as the communication receiving and transmitting antenna;
3) the information bit of the sending party is subjected to space modulation to obtain a modulation symbol and is positioned in the NtDetermining 1 activation in the root transmitting antenna, performing weighting processing on the modulation symbols by using a random weighting coefficient, transmitting the weighted modulation symbols through the activation antenna determined by spatial modulation, and receiving the modulation symbols by a receiving party through the activated 1 receiving antenna and mediating and recovering information bits;
in order to ensure the elimination of the artificial noise influence at the receiving side, the transmitting side determines a random weighting coefficient corresponding to each time slot according to the power ratio of the transmission signal and the artificial noise.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the artificial noise power is calculated by:
Figure FDA0003463372750000011
wherein x isbFor the index of the selected receive antenna,
Figure FDA0003463372750000012
is selected NtIndex set of root transmit antennas, H (x)b,xa) Activating N for sendertA corresponding channel is activated by a root transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna for communication; a (H (x)b,xa) Represents a channel H (x)b,xa) The artificial noise power of (2); i | · | | represents a norm operation, i is the ith time slot of 4 time slots of one transmission group, and i ═ 1,2,3, 4; h isiIndicating the channel state information CSI, d corresponding to the i-th time slot active antennamIs a gaussian random noise with a mean value of 0,
Figure FDA0003463372750000013
Figure FDA0003463372750000014
to round down, m is 1, 2.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitter sets a random weight coefficient w corresponding to each time slot i in 4 time slots of a transmission groupiComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003463372750000015
wherein, betaxFor transmitting the power ratio of the signals, betatRepresents followingPower ratio of mechanical and artificial noise, d1And d2Gaussian random noise, h, all 0 meansiRepresenting the channel state information CSI corresponding to the ith time slot activated antenna; beta is axAnd betatSatisfies the following conditions:
Figure FDA0003463372750000021
Figure FDA0003463372750000022
and activating the variance of the distribution obeyed by the CSI corresponding to the antenna for the ith time slot.
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