CN110289894A - A kind of new type of modulation method - Google Patents
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- CN110289894A CN110289894A CN201910646902.5A CN201910646902A CN110289894A CN 110289894 A CN110289894 A CN 110289894A CN 201910646902 A CN201910646902 A CN 201910646902A CN 110289894 A CN110289894 A CN 110289894A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0602—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching
- H04B7/0608—Antenna selection according to transmission parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0036—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff arrangements specific to the receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
- H04L1/0054—Maximum-likelihood or sequential decoding, e.g. Viterbi, Fano, ZJ algorithms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/345—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information
- H04L27/3461—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel
- H04L27/3483—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel using a modulation of the constellation points
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Abstract
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology fields, are related to a kind of new type of modulation method based on space channel.Of the invention is mainly after transmitting terminal obtains down channel, and the spatial information based on mimo channel is adjusted, i.e. the planisphere according to channel construction based on space channel, then carries out coding transmission and demodulation to signal.The solution of the present invention, which compares traditional QAM modulation planisphere, can obtain better performance in high order modulation when that is, M is larger, while have better confidentiality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology fields, are related to a kind of new type of modulation method based on space channel.
Background technique
Modulation technique inside legacy communications system have amplitude modulation (AM:Amplitude Modulation), frequency modulation (FM:
Frequency Modulatoin), phase modulation (PSK:Phase shift Keying), quadrature amplitude modulation QAM (Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation).And QAM modulation is due to being widely used in 4G, 5G with good spectrum efficiency and performance
And in future communication systems.
Multiple-input and multiple-output (Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO) technology is as future wireless system
One of the key technology in field, greatly improve link reliability and system spectral efficiency (Spectrum Efficient,
SE).Under MIMO framework, a kind of new MIMO modulation technique spatial modulation (Spatial Modulation, SM) is suggested.
In space-modulation technique, each moment only has an antenna to be activated to send data.The data ratio of input
Spy is mapped as two parts, and a part is mapped as the serial number of activation antenna, what rest part was mapped as emitting on activation antenna
Modulation constellation points.Therefore, spatial modulation can be effectively prevented from interchannel interference and transmission in traditional MIMO technique
Hold antenna stationary problem.If input bit is all mapped as activation antenna serial number, then the technology becomes empty shifting keying modulation skill
Art (SSK:spatial shift keying).
Sky moves key modulation techniques and input bit and transmitting antenna serial number is originally constituted a kind of mapping relations, that is, transports
Select to activate the antenna of corresponding serial number with transmitted bit.In each time slot, an only transmitting antenna carries information, other
If dry aerial is in idle condition.Its mapping mode is that the corresponding decimal add one of transmitted bit data is the antenna index sent
That is antenna serial number.Then in transmitting terminal, the symbol 1 for not carrying any information is sent on the antenna of respective antenna index.Fig. 1 is sky
Move the system block diagram of key modulation techniques SSK.
Receiving end uses Maximum Likelihood Detection (ML) algorithm, can be obtained demodulating antenna serial number and sending signal interpretation
Initial data.Its corresponding one typical code book such as table 1:
The empty keying that moves of table 1 maps code table
Fig. 2 is the system block diagram of spatial modulation SM.Space-modulation technique is compared with sky moves key modulation techniques, spatial modulation
Input bit piecemeal, a portion data are mapped to the symbol sent on antenna, another part ratio using APM modulation by technology
Special data are similar to the serial number that SSK modulation is mapped as activation antenna.Therefore the ratio sky of space-modulation technique moves keying modulation skill
Art obtains higher spectrum efficiency.In receiving end, received signal can be passed through by Maximum Likelihood Detection or other detection methods
It crosses symbol reflection and penetrates acquisition transmission data.Table 2 is a typical code book of spatial modulation, and wherein transmission antenna is 4, preceding dibit
Using the SSK modulation of M=4 dimension, last 1 bit is modulated using BPSK.
2 space-modulation technique code table M=4BPSK of table
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of completely new modulator approach based on space channel, is defined as space channel modulation SCM
(Spatial Channel Modulation)。
The technical scheme is that if transmitting terminal obtains down channel CSI (Channel State
Information), can be modulated based on the spatial channel information of mimo channel in transmitting terminal.Typical scene such as tdd mode
Under, by uplink and downlink reciprocity, base station can know downlink by the SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) of uplink
The information of mimo channel.
The present invention is based on mimo system, the system has NtRoot transmitting antenna and NrRoot receiving antenna, as shown in Figure 3.
Assuming that base station passes through uplink SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) information (or its other party under tdd mode
Formula), originator (base station) can know down channel matrix:
Wherein hj,iIndicate the value that jth row i-th arranges in channel matrix H.
The space channel modulation SCM mode used at this time are as follows:
Transmitting terminal:
S1, base station are first according to N=log2M, M≤NrNtA binary bits determine space channel planisphere (spatial
Channel constellation).Wherein M is order of modulation, and N is corresponding binary bits number under the order of modulation.Specifically
It is as follows:
S1-1, by the N in H-matrixrNtM channel element in a element extracts, this M element extraction can be pressed
According to fixed criterion, such as by the sequence in H-matrix, or the criterion such as maximum M channel element are taken.If this M channel taken out
The modulus value of element are as follows: qi, i=1,2 ..., M.By the phase theta of i-th of element of M channel elementiTaking out (can also be by other rule
Then), the sequence number value of i notifies terminal after can selecting by base station, can also be by the θiPhase position zero, even θi=0.
S1-2, the rotatable phase for determining this M channel element.Enable pi=2 π (i-1)/M, i=1,2 ..., M, wherein i table
Show the serial number of i-th of channel element, piIndicate the phase of i-th of channel corresponding element.
S1-3, planisphere of the construction based on space channel are as follows:
Or:
piIndicate the corresponding phase of i-th of element generated offline according to certain criterion.
S2, base station determine space channel planisphere further according to N number of binary bits of inputModulation symbol.It will input
N number of binary bits turn the decimal system after, obtain a decimal system serial number tq, determine that corresponding transmission symbol isExpression takes space channel planisphere(tq+ 1) a value is used as the corresponding sky of input binary bits
Between channel planisphere modulation symbol.
S3, after determining the transmitting symbol, the symbol is transmitted according to different MIMO transmission modes.
Mode 1: under precoding structure, the number of plies is transmitted according to transmitting terminal, determines transmission data.If the number of plies is K, according to S1
The space channel modulation symbol x=[x of K stream is determined with S2 step and the K of input stream binary bits1 x2...xK]T, xiAccording to
Symbol on the corresponding space channel planisphere of the obtained kth flow data of step S1 and S2.
Conventionally to x=[x1 x2...xK]TPrecoding is carried out, sends signal after obtaining precoding:
Wherein W is pre-coding matrix, and the transmission signal after operation is normalized to the transmission signal are as follows:
WhereinFor the power normalization factor, | |2For 2 norms of matrix.
In addition to the method for mode 1, which can be used in any traditional multi-aerial transmission system, such as day line options, sky
Time block code (STBC) etc..
The planisphere that S4, base station notice terminal use is the planisphere Q of M-ary orthogonal amplitude modulation (M-QAM modulation)
(such as 4QAM modulation, Q=[1+j -1+j -1-j 1-j]) or it is based on space channel planisphereIt (such as needs to carry out safety
The planisphere based on space channel can be used when higher communication, accordingly even when signal is ravesdropping, since other side does not know's
Specific selection and mapping ruler, are difficult to demodulate correct information, ensure that the safety of communication).Specifically, the modulating mode refers to
Show that information can be indicated to terminal by RRC signaling, MAC CE or DCI.For example, can by the DCI of schedule data transmission come
Indicate the information.
If S5, base station, which use, is based on space channel planisphereBy modulating mode M and θiSerial number i notify terminal；
If in base station end to θiZero setting, then base station notifies terminal θi=0.Specifically, the instruction information can by RRC signaling, MAC CE or
Person DCI is indicated to terminal.For example, can indicate the information by the DCI of schedule data transmission.
Receiving end:
S6, terminal indicate information by the modulation of high-level signaling or the DCI of schedule data transmission instruction according to network side
Determine whether to use the new type of modulation mode modulated based on space channel.
If after S7, terminal receive notice of the base station using the modulating mode of novel channel space, while will receive corresponding
Order of modulation M and θiInformation.Terminal passes through CSI-RS reference signal first and obtains with identical mimo channel matrix H of starting, together
Shi Liyong M and θi, construct with identical space channel modulation constellation of starting
The signal that S8, terminal receive are as follows:
Y=Hx+n (6)
Wherein, n Gaussian noise is；
If starting employing mode 1, terminal detects signal according to traditional MMSE-IRC detection or other detection modes:
Wherein gkFor the balanced vector of kth stream,For the balanced later data of kth stream, k=1,2 ..., K.
According to other MIMO sending methods other than mode 1, correspondingly carried out and sending method in receiving end
The MIMO matched is received and detection, obtains following signal to be demodulated:
S9, terminal indicate that information determines demodulation mode according to modulation system, specifically:
If S9-1, the instruction inform that end modification mode is the modulation based on space channel, terminal is carried out the following processing:
In conjunction with space channel modulation constellationAccording to space channel planisphere demodulation mode pairIt is demodulated, as follows:
To obtain corresponding transmission binary bits.
If S9-2, the instruction inform that end modification mode is traditional QAM modulation, terminal pairCarry out conventional constellation figure
Demodulation.
Wherein Q is traditional QAM modulation planisphere.
The technical program has the beneficial effect that
1) compared to traditional QAM modulation planisphere, this programme planisphere can obtain preferably in high order modulation, i.e., when M is larger
Performance；
2) in tdd mode, this method is convenient to transplanting in any conventional MIMO system；
3) antenna number is more, and the gain that this programme planisphere can provide is bigger；
4) under the premise of originator knows channel, traditional modulation system based on QAM can be replaced.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is empty shifting keyed modulation systems block diagram；
Fig. 2 is spatial modulation system block diagram；
Fig. 3 is mimo system block diagram；
Comparison diagram after original constellation point that Fig. 4 is order of modulation when being 8 and phase rotation, (a) is former constellation point, (b) is
After phase rotation；
Comparison diagram after original constellation point that Fig. 5 is order of modulation when being 16 and phase rotation, (a) is former constellation point, (b) is
After phase rotation；
Fig. 6 is receiving antenna when being 2 this paper new departure and the empty error code curve comparison for moving keying of tradition；
Fig. 7 is receiving antenna when being 4 this paper new departure and the empty error code curve comparison for moving keying of tradition.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail.
Embodiment
This example is specifically described by taking the space channel modulating system based on day line options of a multiple-input multiple-output as an example.It is false
If number of transmission antennas is 4, receiving antenna quantity is 2, order of modulation M=4.Transmitting terminal is under known channel state information state
Available channel gain matrix is as follows:
Due to the system order of modulation be 4, so need from selected in H 4 elements as one under present case
Constellation point glossary of symbols.1st element of now regulation selection each column, and obtain following mapping mode:
00→q1=| h11|,01→q2=| h12|,10→q3=| h13|,11→q4=| h14| (12)
Due to hijMould obey (0,0.5) rayleigh distributed, the mean power of each of which symbol is all under long-time statistical meaning
It is 1, so it is not necessary that constellation point is normalized.Then phase rotation processing is done to constellation symbol.It now provides with channel
In matrix on the basis of the phase of the maximum element of mould, it is assumed that mould greatest member is h22, i.e. θ1=θ2=θ3=θ4=θ22.By antenna
Serial number mapping ruler successively carries out phase rotation processing, and the constellation point sets finally emitted can be expressed as follows:
If at this time transmitted bit be 01, so the symbol selected forIn order to guarantee that transmitting terminal power is instantaneous
Value is 1, needs to introduce power adjusting factor β and is modified, so final transmitting symbol are as follows:
Since invention introduces Antenna Selection Technologies, i.e., the best antenna of each activation channel status.Transmitting terminal needs
Calculate the F norm of the channel gains vector between every transmitting antenna and more receiving antennas, the maximum antenna of reactivation norm,
Process is as follows:
Assuming that at this time | | h3||FMaximum, i.e. m=3, so the 3rd transmitting antenna of activation.
After by channel, the signal that receiving end receives is as follows:
Due to receiving end known channel state information, h13,h23It is known, while can be obtained under known selection rule
Obtain constellation point setsFollowing processing first is done to the signal received:
Recycle ML detection that can decode output, process is as follows:
Treated that signal can find compared with Traditional Space is modulated for analysis, and the gain of the program is embodied in the rotation of planisphere
Turn and day line options on.Abbreviation is carried out to reception signal again and analyzes available following formula:
New departure carries out day line options, the maximum antenna of channel norm is activated, divided by α below noisej=β hjm, j=
1,2,…,Nr, value is typically larger than 1, plays reduction noise, increases the effect of signal-to-noise ratio, improves system performance.And pass through star
The rotation of seat point phase, increases the distance between constellation point, so that minimum euclidean distance increases, equally improves error code
Energy.Below with reference to the performance boost of the mentioned new departure various aspects under spatial modulation system of specific analysis of simulation result this paper.
3 new departure of table connects the mean value of a under different dual-mode antenna quantity with hair variation table
Observation data can proper receiving antenna fixation be that the mean value of a increases with number of transmission antennas increase, and works as Nr
When=1, all α will not reduce noise, improve signal-to-noise ratio less than 1.With the increase of receiving antenna, the mean value meeting of α
It is reduced, and there are part α less than 1.Although it is smaller to improve signal-to-noise ratio, all in all still improves and be
The performance of system.
Observation planisphere can intuitively find after phase rotation that the constellation point after optimization is almost well-proportioned covers
Entire complex plane space is covered, the distance between two constellation points become larger, and minimum euclidean distance is consequently increased.So that identical
Probability of miscarriage of justice becomes smaller under signal-to-noise ratio, and system error performance has been inherently derived raising.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is respectively this paper new departure and the empty shifting keying of tradition different spectral when receiving antenna quantity is 2 and 4
Ber curve comparison diagram in the case of efficiency.When receiving antenna is 2, new departure is better than traditional empty shifting keying, antenna comprehensively
Selection and constellation point rotation bring bigger gain.It is 10 in the bit error rate-2When, spectrum efficiency is new departure of 2bps/Hz
The gain of 6dB is brought compared to legacy system.With the increase of antenna amount (spectrum efficiency), gain is gradually become smaller, in 5bps/
When Hz, gain is about 5dB.But with the increase of signal-to-noise ratio, the performance improvement of new departure can be bigger, the bit error rate 10-3When, 4 days
New departure gain of line is about 8dB.When receiving antenna becomes 4, spectrum efficiency 2, new departure of 3bps/Hz are empty compared to tradition
Moving keying still has obvious gain, is 10 in the bit error rate-4When, the former gain is more than 4dB, and the latter is about 3dB.Spectrum efficiency
When for 4bps/Hz, new departure gain is about 2dB under low signal-to-noise ratio, and as signal-to-noise ratio increases, the two error code curve is gradually drawn close,
When signal-to-noise ratio is 12dB, the bit error rate is roughly the same.When spectrum efficiency is 5bps/Hz, the two error performance is almost the same, but from accidentally
The variation tendency of rate curve finds out that in signal-to-noise ratio, new departure has certain performance and mentions within 6dB or when 10dB or more
It rises.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of new type of modulation method, this method is used for mimo system, and system has NtRoot transmitting antenna and NrRoot receiving antenna, often
A terminal user is equipped with NrRoot receiving antenna defines the down channel matrix that base station is known are as follows:
hj,iIndicate the value that jth row i-th arranges in channel matrix H, which is characterized in that the modulator approach includes:
Transmitting terminal:
S1, base station are first according to N=log2M binary bits determine space channel planisphere, M≤NrNt, M is order of modulation, N
For binary bits number corresponding under the order of modulation, specifically include:
S11, by the N in H-matrixrNtM channel element in a element extracts, and remembers the modulus value of M channel element are as follows: qi,
I=1,2 ..., M；By the phase theta of i-th of element of M channel elementiIt takes out, the sequence number value of i notifies to move after selecting by base station
Dynamic platform, or by the θiPhase position zero, even θi=0；
S12, the rotatable phase for determining M channel element, enable pi=2 π (i-1)/M, i=1,2 ..., M, wherein i is indicated i-th
The serial number of channel element, piIndicate the phase of i-th of channel corresponding element；
S13, planisphere of the construction based on space channel are as follows:
Or:
piIndicate the corresponding phase of i-th of element generated offline；
S2, base station determine space channel planisphere according to N number of binary bits of inputModulation symbol: by N number of the two of input
After system bit turns the decimal system, a decimal system serial number t is obtainedq, determine that corresponding transmission symbol isIt indicates
Take space channel planisphere(tq+ 1) a value is as the corresponding space channel planisphere modulation symbol of the input binary bits
Number；
S3, after determining transmitting symbol, the symbol is transmitted according to MIMO transmission mode；
S4, the planisphere that Q is conventionally employed M-ary orthogonal amplitude modulation is defined, base station indicates that information notifies by modulating mode
The planisphere that terminal uses is based on space channel planisphereOr traditional QAM constellation Q, according to space channel planisphereS5 is then entered step, S6 is otherwise entered step；
S5, by modulating mode M and θiSerial number i notify terminal；If in base station end to θiZero setting, then base station notifies terminal θi=0；
Receiving end:
S6, terminal indicate that information judges whether to use the modulation system based on space channel according to modulating mode, if so, into
Enter step S7, otherwise, enters step S10；
S7, basis receive corresponding order of modulation M and θiInformation, terminal are obtained identical with starting by CSI-RS reference signal
Mimo channel matrix H, while utilizing M and θi, construct with identical space channel modulation constellation of starting
The signal that S8, terminal receive are as follows:
Y=Hx+n
Wherein, x is to send signal, and n is Gaussian noise；
The signal received is connect again and does corresponding balanced and detection, obtains following signal to be demodulated:
WhereinFor the balanced later data of kth stream, k=1,2 ..., K；
S9, demodulation mode is determined, terminal carries out the following processing:
In conjunction with planisphereAccording to space channel planisphere demodulation mode pairIt is demodulated, as follows:
Obtain corresponding transmission binary bits；
The signal that S10, terminal receive are as follows:
Y=Hx+n
Wherein, x is to send signal, and n Gaussian noise is；
The signal received is connect again and does corresponding balanced and detection, obtains following signal to be demodulated:
WhereinFor the balanced later data of kth stream, k=1,2 ..., K；
S11, terminal are according to conventional constellation figure demodulation mode pairIt is demodulated:
Obtain corresponding transmission binary bits.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112311801A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-02 | 电子科技大学 | Anti-interception phase shift keying method |
| WO2024114590A1 (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-06 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Information transmission method, communication device, and storage medium |
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