CN110274504A - 换热器翅片 - Google Patents

换热器翅片 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110274504A
CN110274504A CN201910192528.6A CN201910192528A CN110274504A CN 110274504 A CN110274504 A CN 110274504A CN 201910192528 A CN201910192528 A CN 201910192528A CN 110274504 A CN110274504 A CN 110274504A
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fin
heat exchanger
winglet
vortex generator
leading edge
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CN110274504B (zh
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G.马哈詹
D.巴斯拉尔
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Rheem Manufacturing Co
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Rheem Manufacturing Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F28F1/325—Fins with openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/06—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular crimped or corrugated in cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F28F3/027—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements with openings, e.g. louvered corrugated fins; Assemblies of corrugated strips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0478—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F28D21/0005—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for domestic or space-heating systems
    • F28D21/0007—Water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D7/082—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration
    • F28D7/085—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration in the form of parallel conduits coupled by bent portions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1615—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits being inside a casing and extending at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the casing; the conduits crossing the conduit for the other heat exchange medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00—Fins
    • F28F2215/04—Assemblies of fins having different features, e.g. with different fin densities
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00—Fins
    • F28F2215/08—Fins with openings, e.g. louvers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media

Abstract

本发明公开了换热器翅片。在本文中公开的换热器翅片包括用于提高传热效率的百叶窗和小翼型涡流发生器。

Description

换热器翅片
优先权要求
本申请要求于2018年3月14日提交的名称为“换热器翅片”的美国临时专利申请62/643,050的优先权，并要求于2019年2月11日提交的名称为“换热器翅片”的美国临时专利申请62/804,037的优先权。上述申请的完整内容通过引用结合在此。
技术领域
本技术的实施例总体涉及一种换热器翅片以及一种使用翅片的换热器和方法。
背景技术
翅片式换热器盘管组件广泛用于诸如空调、制冷和无槽热水器等领域的许多应用中。翅片式换热器盘管组件通常包括多个间隔开的平行管，诸如水或制冷剂等传热流体流通所述管。第二种传热流体(通常是烟道气)被导引流过管的外部。通常采用多个翅片来提高换热器盘管组件的传热能力。每个翅片是薄金属板，例如由铜、铜合金、钛、铝或不锈钢制成。每个翅片包括用于接收间隔开的平行管的多个孔，从而所述管通常以与翅片成直角的方式穿过多个翅片。翅片沿着管以平行、紧密间隔的关系布置，以形成多个路径，以使空气或其它传热流体流过翅片和管的周围。
通常，翅片包括一个或多个表面增强构造以提高传热效率。例如，在沿横截面观察时能看到，换热器翅片可包括波纹状或类似正弦曲线的形状。另外，换热器翅片也可包括从换热器翅片的表面突出的增强构造，而不是平滑增强构造。这种增强构造可由翅片坯料(翅片材料的平面，从该平面形成所有翅片构造)形成。
提供上述背景信息的目的是为了揭示申请人认为可能与本公开相关的信息。任何上述信息不应视为或解读为构成与本公开抵触的现有技术。
发明内容
本公开涉及一种具有更高传热效率的翅片设计以及一种包括这种翅片的换热器。
在一个方面中，本公开涉及一种换热器翅片，该换热器翅片包括：基部，该基部具有翅片前缘和翅片后缘、以及在翅片前缘与翅片后缘之间延伸的基本上平坦的基部平面，其中所述翅片构造为使得在使用期间翅片前缘位于翅片后缘的上游，并且其中所述基部包括多个孔口，每个孔口配置为接收传热管；第一百叶窗，其在第一端和第二端联接至所述基部，并包括前缘和后缘，其中第一百叶窗前缘和第一百叶窗后缘与基部平面隔开第一距离；以及第一小翼型涡流发生器，其连接至所述基部，并位于翅片前缘和第一百叶窗前缘之间。所述翅片还可包括第二小翼型涡流发生器，该第二小翼型涡流发生器也位于翅片前缘与第一百叶窗前缘之间。两个涡流发生器朝向彼此，以形成朝第一百叶窗打开的角度。
在另一个方面中，本公开涉及一种换热器翅片，该换热器翅片包括：基部，该基部具有翅片前缘和翅片后缘、以及在翅片前缘与翅片后缘之间延伸的基本上平坦的基部平面，其中所述翅片构造为使得在使用期间翅片前缘位于翅片后缘的上游，并且其中所述基部包括多个孔口，每个孔口配置为接收传热管；第一百叶窗，其在第一端和第二端联接至所述基部，并包括前缘和后缘，其中第一百叶窗前缘和第一百叶窗后缘与基部平面隔开第一距离；以及第二百叶窗，其在第一端和第二端联接至所述基部，并位于翅片后缘与第一百叶窗后缘之间，所述第二百叶窗包括前缘和后缘，其中第二百叶窗前缘和第二百叶窗后缘与基部平面间隔开第二距离，该第二距离大于第一距离。所述翅片可包括两组阶梯式百叶窗，这两组阶梯式百叶窗彼此平行排列，并垂直于换热器翅片上方和传热管外部周围的平均气流方向延伸。
在另一方面中，本公开涉及一种结合有本文所述的换热器翅片的换热器。
下面将在本文所阐述的示例性实施例中进一步说明这些方面和其它方面。
附图说明
通过结合附图参考一些示例性实施例的以下说明，能够最佳地理解本公开的上述特征和方面以及其它特征和方面，在附图中：
图1A、1B和1C分别以透视图、俯视图和侧视图示出了本公开的示例性实施例的换热器翅片。
图2A示出了图1A至1C中所示的换热器翅片的一段的放大俯视图，作为详图A，并包括百叶窗构造。
图2B示出了图1A至1C所示的实施例的百叶窗构造的放大横截面侧视图，作为详图B。
图3A示出了图1A至1C中所示的换热器翅片的放大俯视图，作为详图D，并包括传热管孔口和多个涡流发生器。
图3B示出了涡流发生器之一的放大横截面侧视图，作为图3A中的详图F。
图3C示出了传热管孔口的放大侧视图，作为图3A中的详图E。
图4示出了结合有图1A至1C中所示的换热器翅片的换热器的一个实施例的透视剖视图。
图5示出了本公开的另一个示例性实施例的换热器翅片。
图6示出了本公开的一个示例性实施例的结合有图5的换热器翅片的换热器。
附图仅示出了本公开的示例性实施例，因此不应视为限制本公开的范围，因为本公开可允许其它等效的实施例。附图中所示的元件和特征不一定是按比例绘制的，而是着重于清晰地示出示例性实施例的原理。另外，某些尺寸或位置可能是夸张的，以便形象化地传达这些原理。
具体实施方式
本公开涉及一种换热器翅片，该换热器翅片可形成为在诸如无水箱热水器、水池加热器、冰箱、空调、其它气体-流体换热器、以及利用翅片式换热器的其它设备中使用的换热器的一部分。该换热器翅片用于传递热量，其单位质量或单位翅片表面积的传热效率更高。
在下文中将参照示出本发明的实施例的附图以示例性方式更充分地说明一些代表性实施例。但是，本发明可按多种不同的形式实施，不应视为受限于在此所述的实施例；相反，这些实施例用于充分、全面地理解本公开，并向本领域技术人员充分传达本发明的范围。
现在参考图1A至1C(统称为图1)、2A至2B(统称为图2)和3A至3C(统称为图3)，这些附图描述了本公开的一些示例性实施例的换热器翅片10。如下文中所进一步说明，换热器翅片10包括基部110，该基部110包括分别配置为接收一个传热管的多个孔口120(例如参见图4的管90)、以及在第一表面111和与第一表面相对的第二表面112的至少一个上的多种边界破坏构造。这种边界破坏构造包括一系列百叶窗125和多个涡流发生器(例如小翼型涡流发生器150a至150f(统称为涡流发生器150))。与具有相同质量和/或表面积的其它翅片相比，所说明的表面构造组合有助于换热器翅片(例如翅片10)高效传热。
换热器翅片10包括翅片前缘113和翅片后缘114、以及在翅片前缘与翅片后缘之间延伸的基本上平坦的基部平面X。翅片10构造为使得在使用期间翅片前缘113位于翅片后缘114的上游。(当提及本文所述的其它元件的“前缘”和“后缘”时，应注意，在使用期间，这种部件的前缘会位于后缘的上游。)如上所述，翅片10包括多个孔口120。孔口120可包括颈圈122，该颈圈122配置为当传热管90穿过孔口时与传热管90接触(参见图4)。如图所示，孔口120可彼此均等地间隔开。
翅片10包括一系列百叶窗125，例如第一百叶窗130、第二百叶窗140、第三百叶窗160和第四百叶窗170。在所示的实施例中，一系列百叶窗125可分别位于相邻孔口(例如孔口120a与120b)之间的空间中。百叶窗是在第一端以及与第一端相对的第二端处联接至基部110的表面构造，并且包括与基部平面X间隔开一定距离的前缘和后缘。例如，第一百叶窗130在第一端131和第二端132处联接至基部110。第一百叶窗130包括前缘133和后缘134，并且第一百叶窗前缘133和第一百叶窗后缘134中的每一个与基部平面X间隔开第一距离Y。类似地，第二百叶窗140在第一端141和第二端142处联接至基部110，并包括前缘143和后缘144。在所示的实施例中，第二百叶窗前缘143和第二百叶窗后缘144中的每一个与基部平面X间隔开第二距离Z。在所示的实施例中，第二百叶窗140与第一百叶窗130平行并与之相邻。
翅片10还可包括第三百叶窗160和第四百叶窗170，作为一系列百叶窗125的一部分。第三和第四百叶窗160、170可分别与第一百叶窗和第二百叶窗类似，但是位于第二百叶窗140的下游。例如，第三百叶窗160在第一端161和第二端162处联接至基部110，并包括前缘163和后缘164。类似地，第四百叶窗170在第一端171和第二端172处联接至基部110，并包括前缘173和后缘174。与第一百叶窗130类似，第三百叶窗前缘163和第三百叶窗后缘164中的每一个与基部平面X间隔开第一距离Y。并且，与第二百叶窗类似，第四百叶窗前缘173和第四百叶窗后缘174中的每一个与基部平面X间隔开第二距离Z。在所示的实施例中，四个百叶窗130、140、160、170彼此平行，并且大致沿上游-下游方向排列。第三百叶窗130位于第二百叶窗140的下游并与之相邻，并且第四百叶窗170位于第三百叶窗160的下游并与之相邻。
在所示的实施例中，百叶窗之中的至少两个(例如第一百叶窗130和第二百叶窗140或者第三百叶窗160和第四百叶窗170)以不同的距离(例如距离Y和Z)与基部平面X间隔开。例如，下游百叶窗(例如第二百叶窗140或第四百叶窗170)与基部平面X的间隔距离比上游百叶窗(例如第一百叶窗130或第三百叶窗160)与基部平面X的间隔距离大，或者大约是其两倍。
翅片10除了包括一个或多个百叶窗之外，还包括一个或多个涡流发生器，例如小翼型涡流发生器150。在一些实施例中，小翼型涡流发生器150可由翅片坯料形成，从而涡流发生器的一部分限定孔口152，该孔口152与小翼型涡流发生器150的形状相同。小翼型涡流发生器150包括主体或小翼151(图3B)，该主体或小翼151联接至基部，并从表面111突出，例如与基部平面X成一角度地突出。在所示的实施例中，小翼151垂直于基部平面X。在其它实施例中，小翼151相对于基部平面X的角度为40度、50度、60度、70度、80度、90度、或者它们之间的任何数值。小翼型涡流发生器150可包括沿其整个长度的恒定高度(例如矩形形状)，或者沿其整个长度的高度是变化/减小的(例如三角形形状)。在所示的实施例中，矩形小翼151沿其长边联接至基部110。
翅片10上布置涡流发生器150的一个位置是翅片前缘113与第一百叶窗前缘133之间的区域。例如，在所示的实施例中，一对矩形小翼型涡流发生器(称为第一小翼型涡流发生器150a和第二小翼型涡流发生器150b)联接至基部110，并位于翅片前缘113与第一百叶窗前缘133之间。所述的一对涡流发生器150a和150b可布置为与通过翅片的流体的平均流动方向成一角度，使得第一和第二涡流发生器150a、150b之间的距离朝翅片前缘113减小并朝翅片后缘114增大。具体而言，第一小翼型涡流发生器150a和第二小翼型涡流发生器150b沿着成锐角α的相应射线延伸，并且所述射线朝翅片后缘114延伸。锐角α可在35和75度之间，例如35度、40度、45度、50度、55度、60度、65度、70度、或者它们之间的任何值。在一些实施例中，角度α在55度和65度之间，或者大约为60度。
翅片10上可布置涡流发生器150的另一个位置是每个孔口120的上游端121附近的区域。例如，一对小翼型涡流发生器150c、150d位于每个孔口120的侧面，与孔口120或颈圈122间隔开，并且位于与翅片后缘114相比更靠近翅片前缘113的位置。所述的一对涡流发生器150c和150d可布置为与通过翅片的流体的平均流动方向成一角度，使得涡流发生器150c、150d之间的距离朝翅片前缘113减小并朝翅片后缘114增大。具体而言，靠近上游端121的一对小翼型涡流发生器150c和150d沿着成第二锐角β的相应射线延伸，并且所述射线朝翅片后缘114延伸。第二锐角β可在35和75度之间，例如35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70度、或者它们之间的任何值。在一些实施例中，角度β在35度和45度之间，或者大约为40度。
翅片10上可布置涡流发生器150的又一个位置是每个孔口120的下游端123附近的区域。例如，一对小翼型涡流发生器150e、150f位于每个孔口120的侧面，与孔口120或颈圈122间隔开，并且位于与翅片前缘113相比更靠近翅片后缘114的位置。所述的一对涡流发生器150e和150f可布置为与通过翅片的流体的平均流动方向成一角度，使得第一和第二涡流发生器150e、150f之间的距离朝翅片后缘114减小并朝翅片前缘113增大。具体而言，靠近下游端123的一对小翼型涡流发生器150e和150f沿着成第三锐角μ的相应射线延伸，并且所述射线朝翅片前缘113延伸。第三锐角μ可在35和75度之间，例如35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70度、或者它们之间的任何值。在一些实施例中，角度μ在35度和45度之间，或者大约为40度。
在一些实施例中，多个孔口120中的每一个可以是圆形或长圆形的(例如椭圆形)。在图1A-3C所示的换热器翅片的一个示例性实施例中，孔口120是卵形的，其长轴(纵轴)/短轴比为1.4。多个孔口120中的每一个构造为使得孔口的长轴(纵轴)E(图3A)与换热器翅片上方和传热管的外部周围的平均气流方向平行。孔口120也可更靠近翅片前缘113，而不是更靠近翅片后缘114。
在一些实施例中，为了减少翅片的所需材料量，翅片10的边缘113、114可具有材料切口。例如，翅片前缘113的位于两个孔口120之间的每段113a可以是凹形的。翅片后缘114的位于孔口下游的每段114b可以是凹形的。相反，翅片前缘的位于孔口120上游的每段113b可以是凸形的。
本公开的另一个方面是如图4所示的换热器20，该换热器20包括如上所述的基本上平行布置的多个翅片10、以及基本垂直于所述多个翅片布置的一个或多个传热管90。每个管90穿过多个翅片10中的一个或多个孔口120。
对百叶窗和小翼型涡流发生器的不同配置的测试表明，图1A-3C中所示的构造的位置能够显著提高传热效率。尤其是，每个孔口之间的四个百叶窗的布置、围绕每个孔口的四个小翼型涡流发生器的位置、两个成角度的小翼型涡流发生器在百叶窗与散热片的前缘之间的位置、以及位于每个孔口之间的散热片的前缘处的凹形切口共同优化了散热片的传热效率，同时最大限度地减少了构造散热器翅片所需的材料量。
图5中示出了换热器翅片的另一个示例性实施例。除了换热器翅片500较长之外，图5中所示的示例性换热器翅片500基本上与先前说明的换热器翅片10类似。在一个示例中，换热器翅片500适合于水池加热器。前文中对换热器翅片10的特征的论述一般也适用于图5中所示的换热器500。因此，将仅简要说明换热器翅片500的特征。
换热器翅片500包括前缘513和后缘514。如图5所示，传热流体(例如由燃烧产生的热气)首先与前缘513接触，通过换热器翅片500的构造，然后通过后缘514。与换热器翅片10类似的是，换热器翅片500包括沿换热器翅片500的后缘514布置的一系列百叶窗525。与换热器翅片10中的百叶窗一样，图5中所示的百叶窗525包括一系列表面，这些表面与换热器翅片500的基部平面间隔开，从而减缓传热流体在换热器翅片500的表面上的流动。在图5中能够看到，百叶窗525沿着换热器翅片500的长度布置在孔口520之间。换热器翅片500与换热器翅片10的不同之处在于，其较长的长度能容纳更多的孔口520，每个孔口520接收一个传热管。所述孔口还可包括围绕每个孔口的周边的颈圈522，该颈圈522用于固定穿过孔口520的传热管。但是，孔口的形状可以变化，在图5的示例性实施例中，孔口520是卵形的，其长轴/短轴比为1.4。
换热器翅片500还包括一系列小翼型涡流发生器550a-550f，这些小翼型涡流发生器550a-550f与换热器翅片10的涡流发生器150a-150f类似。在先前的实施例中，图5中的示例示出了位于孔口520之间并围绕孔口520的涡流发生器。应理解，在示例性换热器翅片500的替代形式中，百叶窗和涡流发生器的数量和位置可以不同。
现在参考图6，其中示出了包括示例性换热器翅片500的换热器560。作为一个示例，换热器560可用在水池加热系统中。传热管564分别穿过换热器翅片500阵列中的每个孔口520。图6中所示的示例示出了水通过换热器560的流动。如图6所示，水从入口管562流入传热管564的第一部分。当水流过传热管564的第一部分时，它被流过换热器翅片500和传热管564的外部的热气加热。换热器翅片500的表面上的百叶窗和涡流发生器的形状和位置优化了从热气向在传热管564内流动的水的传热。如图6中的箭头所示，示例性换热器560配置为使水流出传热管564的第一部分，流过中间管566，然后流过传热管564的第二部分，从而在通过出口管568流出之前两次流过传热管564。
受益于前述说明和相关附图中给出的教导，本公开所属领域的技术人员能想到本文所阐述的公开内容的许多修改和其它实施例。因此，应理解，本公开不限于所公开的具体实施例，并且此类修改和其它实施例包括在本申请的范围之内。虽然在本文中采用了特定术语，但它们仅以一般性和描述性的意义使用，而不是出于限制目的。

Claims (20)

1.一种换热器翅片，包括：
基部，其具有翅片前缘和翅片后缘，以及在翅片前缘与翅片后缘之间延伸的基本上平坦的基部平面，其中所述翅片构造为使得在使用期间翅片前缘位于翅片后缘的上游，并且其中所述基部包括多个孔口，每个孔口配置为接收传热管；
第一百叶窗，其在第一端和第二端联接至所述基部，并包括前缘和后缘，其中第一百叶窗前缘和第一百叶窗后缘与基部平面隔开第一距离；和
第一小翼型涡流发生器，其连接至所述基部，并位于翅片前缘和第一百叶窗前缘之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的换热器翅片，包括第二百叶窗，该第二百叶窗在第一端和第二端联接至所述基部，并位于翅片后缘与第一百叶窗后缘之间，该第二百叶窗包括前缘和后缘，其中第二百叶窗前缘和第二百叶窗后缘与基部平面间隔开第二距离，该第二距离大于第一距离。
3.如权利要求1所述的换热器翅片，包括位于翅片前缘与第一百叶窗前缘之间的第二小翼型涡流发生器。
4.如权利要求3所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述第一小翼型涡流发生器和所述第二小翼型涡流发生器是矩形的。
5.如权利要求4所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述第一小翼型涡流发生器和所述第二小翼型涡流发生器沿着所述第一和第二小翼型涡流发生器的长边联接至所述基部。
6.如权利要求4所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述第一小翼型涡流发生器和所述第二小翼型涡流发生器均包括垂直于基部平面的矩形小翼。
7.如权利要求3所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述第一小翼型涡流发生器和所述第二小翼型涡流发生器沿着成锐角的相应射线延伸，并且所述射线朝翅片后缘延伸。
8.如权利要求7所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述锐角在35度与70度之间。
9.如权利要求3所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述第一小翼型涡流发生器和所述第二小翼型涡流发生器由翅片坯料形成，从而涡流发生器的一部分限定与涡流发生器形状相同的孔口。
10.如权利要求3所述的换热器翅片，还包括一对前缘小翼型涡流发生器，所述一对前缘小翼型涡流发生器位于每个孔口的侧面，并且位于相比翅片后缘更靠近翅片前缘的位置。
11.如权利要求10所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述一对小翼型涡流发生器沿着成第二锐角的相应射线延伸，并且所述射线朝翅片后缘延伸。
12.如权利要求11所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述第二锐角在70度与90度之间。
13.如权利要求10所述的换热器翅片，还包括一对后缘小翼型涡流发生器，所述一对后缘小翼型涡流发生器位于每个孔口的侧面，并且位于相比翅片前缘更靠近翅片后缘的位置。
14.如权利要求13所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述一对后缘小翼型涡流发生器沿着成第三锐角的相应射线延伸，并且所述射线朝翅片前缘延伸。
15.如权利要求14所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述第三锐角在70度与90度之间。
16.如权利要求1所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述多个孔口中的每一个是长圆形的。
17.如权利要求16所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述多个孔口中的每一个构造为使得当在换热器中实施时，孔口的纵向轴线与换热器翅片上方的上游至下游气流的平均气流方向平行。
18.如权利要求1所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述翅片前缘的位于两个孔口之间的每段是凹形的。
19.如权利要求1所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述翅片前缘的位于孔口上游的每段是凸形的，并且所述翅片后缘的位于孔口下游的每段是凹形的。
20.如权利要求1所述的换热器翅片，其中，所述换热器翅片在换热器中实施为多个平行换热器翅片中的一个；并且
多个传热管基本上垂直于所述多个换热器翅片布置，每个传热管穿过多个换热器翅片中的孔口。
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