CN110272344A - 一类樟脑基咪唑型离子液体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一类樟脑基咪唑型离子液体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN110272344A
CN110272344A CN201910639308.3A CN201910639308A CN110272344A CN 110272344 A CN110272344 A CN 110272344A CN 201910639308 A CN201910639308 A CN 201910639308A CN 110272344 A CN110272344 A CN 110272344A
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王石发
卞天岑
赵雨珣
徐徐
杨益琴
谷文
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Nanjing Forestry University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一类樟脑基咪唑型离子液体及其制备方法和应用。本发明以天然可再生资源樟脑的衍生物樟脑磺酸为原料,制得10‑碘代樟脑;10‑碘代樟脑再与芳基咪唑发生季铵化反应,制得樟脑基咪唑碘盐;樟脑基咪唑碘盐再与六氟磷酸钠、四氟硼酸钠、双(三氟甲磺酰亚胺)锂等进行离子交换,制得樟脑基咪唑六氟磷酸盐、樟脑基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、樟脑基咪唑双(三氟甲磺酰亚胺)盐等离子液体。樟脑基咪唑型离子液体对醛‑醇的氧化酯化反应表现出良好的催化活性,具有反应时间短、反应选择性好、产物得率高的优点,具有良好的应用前景。

Description

一类樟脑基咪唑型离子液体及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于绿色合成技术领域,具体涉及一类新型的樟脑基咪唑型离子液体及其制备方法和在催化醛-醇氧化酯化反应的应用。
背景技术
酯类化合物是一类重要的有机化合物,具有广阔的应用领域。常见的合成酯类化合物的方法有:1)羧酸和醇在强酸的作用下脱水酯化,这种方法存在低效且官能团容忍性差等缺点;2)先把羧酸活化成酰基卤化物、酸酐或活性酯,随后通过醇亲核反应制得,这种方法原子经济性差,而且反应条件剧烈,特别是在酰卤化阶段;3)通过DCC等缩合试剂来对羧酸进行活化,该方法同样原子经济性低的缺点。如何提高反应的原子经济性、反应选择性和产物得率,降低环境污染,实现绿色制备一直是科技工作者追求的目标。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一类新型的樟脑基咪唑型离子液体,满足催化醛-醇氧化酯化反应的应用使用需求。本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述樟脑基咪唑型离子液体的制备方法。本发明还有一目的是实现上述离子液体在催化醛-醇氧化酯化反应的应用,以樟脑基咪唑型离子液体为催化剂,催化醛-醇氧化酯化反应制备酯类化合物,具有催化效率高、反应条件温和、操作安全简便的特点。
技术方案:为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一类樟脑基咪唑型离子液体,结构通式如下:
式中,R为2,4,6-三甲基苯基、2,6-二异丙基苯基、4-氯苯基、4-溴苯基;X-为I-、PF6 -、BF4 -、N(Tf)2 -
所述的樟脑基咪唑型离子液体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)樟脑磺酸与碘和三苯基磷在溶剂中反应,反应液经硫代硫酸钠水溶液洗涤至无色,再用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,蒸去溶剂后重结晶,得到固体产物10-碘代樟脑;
2)芳基咪唑和10-碘代樟脑进行季铵化反应,反应结束后加入乙酸乙酯使产物析出,经重结晶得到樟脑基咪唑碘盐离子液体;
3)将樟脑基咪唑碘盐阴离子交换剂进行离子交换反应,反应液经抽滤除去过量的阴离子交换剂,滤液再经蒸馏去除溶剂并经干燥后对应得到樟脑基咪唑型离子液体。
樟脑基咪唑型离子液体的合成路线如下:
步骤1)中樟脑磺酸与碘和三苯基磷的具体反应过程如下:
(1)将0.1mol樟脑磺酸、0.1~0.2mol碘、0.1~0.4mol三苯基磷和0.5~1L的甲苯依次加入配有搅拌器、温度计和冷凝回流器的三口烧瓶中,在90~110℃下反应6~10h。
(2)反应液用硫代硫酸钠水溶液洗涤至无色,再用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性;有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤、浓缩回收溶剂,得到10-碘代樟脑粗产物。
(3)10-碘代樟脑粗产物用乙酸乙酯进行重结晶,得到10-碘代樟脑纯品。
步骤2)中10-碘代樟脑与芳基咪唑季铵化反应的具体过程如下:
(1)将0.1mo1 10-碘代樟脑、0.1~0.15mol芳基咪唑和50~100mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺依次加入到配有搅拌器、温度计和冷凝回流器的三口烧瓶中,在130~150℃下反应3~6h。
(2)反应物中加入50~100mL的乙酸乙酯,使产物析出,过滤得到樟脑基咪唑碘盐的粗产物。
(3)樟脑基咪唑碘盐粗产物经乙醇重结晶,得到樟脑基咪唑碘盐纯品。
步骤3)中樟脑基咪唑碘盐和阴离子交换剂的具体反应过程如下:
(1)将0.1mol樟脑基咪唑碘盐、0.2~0.6mol阴离子交换剂和100~300mL的二氯甲烷依次加入单口烧瓶中,在室温下反应10~15h。
(2)反应液经抽滤除去过量的阴离子交换剂,滤液再经蒸馏去除溶剂并经干燥后得到樟脑基咪唑型离子液体。
所述的樟脑基咪唑型离子液体在催化醛-醇氧化酯化反应中的应用。其反应通式为:
其中的原料醛包括:苯甲醛、4-硝基苯甲醛、3-硝基苯甲醛、4-氯苯甲醛、4-溴苯甲醛、4-氟苯甲醛、3-氟苯甲醛、2-氟苯甲醛、3-三氟甲基苯甲醛、3-氰基苯甲醛、4-甲氧基苯甲醛等芳香醛和正丙醛、正癸醛等脂肪醛;所用的原料醇包括:甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇等。
醛-醇氧化酯化反应的具体过程如下:
将0.1mol的醛加至500mL的圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.3~0.5mol的醇、0.005~0.02mol的樟脑基咪唑型离子液体催化剂、0.02~0.05mol的碱、150mL的甲苯,套上空气气球,在50~70℃下反应2~5h。反应结束后冷却至室温,加入饱和食盐水洗至中性,有机相经减压浓缩,经过柱层析得到酯的纯品。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明以天然可再生资源樟脑的衍生物樟脑磺酸为原料,制得新型樟脑基咪唑型离子液体,并以樟脑基咪唑型离子液体为催化剂,催化醛一醇氧化酯化制备酯类化合物,具有催化效率高、反应条件温和、操作安全简便的特点,具有很好的实用性。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1樟脑基咪唑型离子液体催化剂的制备
1)樟脑基咪唑型离子液体催化剂的结构式为:
制备过程为:3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-(2,4,6-三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑-3-碘盐的制备:将18.6g 1-(2,4,6-三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑、27.8g 10-碘代樟脑和50mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺依次加入到配有搅拌器、温度计和冷凝回流器的三口烧瓶中,在130℃下进行反应,反应4h左右至其中一种原料反应完全,冷却后加入50mL乙酸乙酯析出产物,过滤得到樟脑基咪唑碘盐的粗产物,再经乙醇重结晶得到目标化合物。产物表征数据如下:得率81%,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.88(s,1H),8.20(t,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.15(t,J=1.9Hz,1H),6.93(s,2H),4.91(d,J=14.3Hz,1H),4.64(d,J=14.2Hz,1H),2.43-2.32(m,1H),2.26(s,4H),2.15-2.03(m,2H),2.00(d,J=6.8Hz,6H),1.86(d,J=18.7Hz,1H),1.37(m,1H),1.23(s,3H),1.12(m,1H),0.90(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:217.5,141.3,138.2,134.2,134.1,130.4,129.9,125.7,122.6,60.3,48.4,47.6,43.9,43.2,26.7,25.8,21.1,20.6,20.2,17.8.HRMS(ESI-TOF)[M+ cation]calculated for[C22H29N2O]+337.2280,observed 337.2270。
2)樟脑基咪唑型离子液体催化剂的结构式为:
制备过程为:3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-(2,4,6-三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓六氟磷酸盐的制备:将46.3g 3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-(2,4,6-三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑-3-碘盐、33.6g六氟磷酸钠和100mL的二氯甲烷依次加入单口烧瓶中,在室温下反应10h,反应液经抽滤除去过量的阴离子交换剂,滤液再经蒸馏去除溶剂并经干燥后得到目标化合物。产物表征数据如下:得率81%,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:10.04(s,1H),8.23(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.09(t,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.01(s,2H),5.07(d,J=14.3Hz,1H),4.62(d,J=14.3Hz,1H),2.46(m,1H),2.38(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),2.36(s,3H),2.24-2.12(m,2H),2.11-1.99(m,6H),1.94(d,J=18.7Hz,1H),1.49-1.39(m,1H),1.34(s,3H),1.21-1.10(m,1H),0.97(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:217.6,141.4,138.2,134.2,130.4,129.9,125.7,122.6,60.3,48.4,47.7,43.9,43.2,26.8,25.8,21.1,20.4,20.1,17.7.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ:-71.2,-73.0.HRMS(ESI-TOF)[M+ cation]calculated for[C22H29N2O]+337.2280,observed 337.2271。
3)樟脑基咪唑型离子液体催化剂的结构式为:
制备过程为:3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-(2,4,6-三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓双(三氟甲磺酰亚胺)盐的制备:将46.3g 3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-(2,4,6-三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑-3-碘盐、57.4g双(三氟甲磺酰亚胺)锂和100mL的二氯甲烷依次加入烧瓶中,在室温下反应10h,反应液经抽滤除去过量的阴离子交换剂,滤液经蒸馏去除溶剂并经干燥后得到目标化合物。产物表征数据如下:产率82%,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.39(t,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.09(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.11(t,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.03(s,2H),4.75(d,J=14.5Hz,1H),4.58(d,J=14.4Hz,1H),2.53-2.42(m,1H),2.36(s,3H),2.27-2.11(m,3H),2.04(d,J=9.4Hz,6H),1.95(d,J=18.8Hz,1H),1.45(t,J=9.9Hz,1H),1.26(s,3H),1.22-1.12(m,1H),0.97(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:217.7,141.5,138.1,130.4,129.9,125.6,122.8,60.2,48.3,47.9,43.9,43.2,26.8,25.8,21.1,20.0,19.7,17.4.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-79.0.HRMS(ESI-TOF)[M+ cation]calculated for[C22H29N2O]+337.2280,observed 337.2282。
4)樟脑基咪唑型离子液体催化剂的结构式为:
制备过程为:1-(2,6-二异丙基)苯基-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐的制备:将23.0g1-(2,6-二异丙基)苯基-1H-咪唑、27.8g10-碘代樟脑和50mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺依次加入到配有搅拌器、温度计和冷凝回流器的三口烧瓶中,在130℃下进行反应,反应4h左右至其中一种原料反应完全,冷却后加入50mL乙酸乙酯析出产物,过滤得到樟脑基咪唑碘盐的粗产物,再经乙醇重结晶得到目标化合物。产物表征数据如下:产率84%,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.13(s,1H),8.10(s,1H),7.55(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.31(dd,J=7.8,1.8Hz,2H),7.18(t,J=1.8Hz,1H),4.69-4.54(m,2H),2.51-2.40(m,1H),2.23(m,5H),1.94(d,J=18.8Hz,1H),1.46(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),1.23(s,3H),1.22-1.09(m,13H),0.96(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:218.1,145.4,145.2,138.6,132.0,129.9,126.0,124.8,124.6,123.2,60.6,48.6,47.7,44.0,43.3,28.7,26.8,25.6,24.6,24.5,24.1,24.0,20.9,20.1.HRMS(ESI-TOF)[M+ catioa]calculated for[C25H35N2O]+379.2749,observed 379.2751。
5)樟脑基咪唑型离子液体催化剂的结构式为:
制备过程为:1-(2,6-二异丙基)苯基-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓六氟磷酸盐的制备:将50.6g 1-(2,6-二异丙基)苯基-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐、33.6g六氟磷酸钠和100mL的二氯甲烷依次加入烧瓶中,在室温下反应10h,反应液经抽滤除去过量的阴离子交换剂,滤液再经蒸馏去除溶剂并经干燥后得到目标化合物。产物表征数据如下:产率84%,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.13(s,1H),8.10(s,1H),7.55(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.31(dd,J=7.8,1.8Hz,2H),7.18(t,J=1.8Hz,1H),4.69-4.54(m,2H),2.51-2.40(m,1H),2.23(m,5H),1.94(d,J=18.8Hz,1H),1.46(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),1.23(s,3H),1.22-1.09(m,13H),0.96(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:218.1,145.4,145.2,138.6,132.0,129.9,126.0,124.8,124.6,123.2,60.6,48.6,47.7,44.0,43.3,28.7,26.8,25.6,24.6,24.5,24.1,24.0,20.9,20.1.HRMS(ESI-TOF)[M+ cation]calculated for[C25H35N2O]+379.2749,observed 379.2751。
6)樟脑基咪唑型离子液体催化剂的结构式为:
制备过程为:1-(2,6-二异丙基)苯基-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓四氟硼酸盐的制备:将50.6g 1-(2,6-二异丙基)苯基-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐、22.0g四氟硼酸钠和100mL的二氯甲烷依次加入烧瓶中,在室温下反应10h,反应液经抽滤除去过量的阴离子交换剂,滤液再经蒸馏去除溶剂并经干燥后得到目标化合物。产物表征数据如下:产率82%,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:10.01(t,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.47(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.56(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.32(m,2H),7.15(t,J=1.8Hz,1H),5.20(d,J=14.2Hz,1H),4.68(d,J=14.2Hz,1H),2.53-2.36(m,2H),2.36-2.26(m,1H),2.26-2.11(m,3H),1.96(d,J=18.7Hz,1H),1.45(m,1H),1.38(s,3H),1.23(dd,J=14.8,6.8Hz,6H),1.16(dd,J=6.9,5.3Hz,7H),0.98(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:218.0,145.4,145.2,138.5,132.0,129.9,126.0,124.8,124.6,123.3,60.5,48.6,47.7,44.0,43.3,28.7,26.8,25.6,24.6,24.1,24.0,20.8,20.1.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-151.0,-151.1.HRMS(ESI-TOF)[M+ cation]calculated for[C25H35N2O]+379.2749,observed 379.2749。
7)樟脑基咪唑型离子液体催化剂的结构式为:
制备过程为:1-(2,6-二异丙基)苯基-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓双(三氟甲磺酰亚胺)盐的制备:将50.6g 1-(2,6-二异丙基)苯基-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐、57.4g双(三氟甲磺酰亚胺)锂和100mL的二氯甲烷依次加入烧瓶中,在室温下反应10h,反应液经抽滤除去过量的阴离子交换剂,滤液再经蒸馏去除溶剂并经干燥后得到目标化合物。产物表征数据如下:产率80%,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:10.09(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),7.55(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.34-7.27(m,2H),7.12(s,1H),5.26(d,J=14.2Hz,1H),4.67(d,J=14.2Hz,1H),2.57-2.37(m,2H),2.30(m,1H),2.27-2.12(m,3H),1.96(d,J=18.8Hz,1H),1.53-1.43(m,1H),1.37(s,3H),1.24(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.23(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.14(m,7H),0.96(s,3H).13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:217.7,145.4,145.2,138.3,132.1,129.8,125.6,124.7,124.7,123.9,60.2,48.2,48.1,43.9,43.2,28.7,26.8,25.7,24.1,19.9,19.5.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ:-78.9.HRMS(ESI-TOF)[M+ cation]calculated for[C25H35N2O]+379.2749,observed379.2751。
8)樟脑基咪唑型离子液体催化剂的结构式为:
制备过程为:1-(4-溴苯基)-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐的制备:将22.0g 1-(4-溴苯基)-1H-咪唑、27.8g 10-碘代樟脑和50mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺依次加入到配有搅拌器、温度计和冷凝回流器的三口烧瓶中,在130℃下进行反应,反应4h左右至其中一种原料反应完全,冷却后加入50mL乙酸乙酯析出产物,过滤得到樟脑基咪唑碘盐粗产物,再经乙醇重结晶得到目标化合物。产物表征数据如下:产率80%,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:11.03(s,1H),8.02(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.78-7.68(m,4H),7.60(t,J=1.8Hz,1H),4.92(d,J=14.2Hz,1H),4.53(d,J=14.2Hz,1H),2.49-2.42(m,1H),2.40-2.32(m,1H),2.20(t,J=4.5Hz,1H),2.14(m,1H),1.93(d,J=18.8Hz,1H),1.41(m,1H),1.32(s,3H),1.20(m,1H),0.96(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:217.4,136.4,133.7,133.2,125.9,124.4,123.7,120.1,60.4,48.5,47.8,44.0,43.1,26.7,25.7,20.4,20.1.HRMS(ESI-TOF)[M+ cation]calculated for[C19H22N2OBr]+373.0916,observed373.0912。
9)樟脑基咪唑型离子液体催化剂的结构式为:
制备过程为:1-(4-溴苯基)-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓双(三氟甲磺酰亚胺)盐的制备:将50.0g 1-(4-溴苯基)-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐、57.4g双(三氟甲磺酰亚胺)锂和100mL的二氯甲烷依次加入单口烧瓶中,在室温下反应10h,反应液经抽滤除去过量的阴离子交换剂,滤液再经蒸馏去除溶剂并经干燥后得到目标化合物。产物表征数据如下:产率79%,1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.70(s,1H),7.87(s,1H),7.73-7.63(m,3H),7.57(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.62-4.38(m,2H),2.49-2.37(m,1H),2.18(s,1H),2.10(d,J=9.1Hz,2H),1.91(d,J=18.8Hz,1H),1.42(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),1.29-1.23(m,1H),1.17(s,3H),0.93(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:217.3,135.7,133.8,133.2,125.8,125.0,123.9,121.3,120.9,60.0,48.3,48.1,43.9,43.1,26.7,25.7,19.8,19.0.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ:-78.9.HRMS(ESI-TOF)[M+ cation]calculated for[C19H22N2OBr]+373.0916,observed 373.0916。
实施例2采用实施例1制备的樟脑基咪唑型离子液体催化剂催化醛-醇氧化酯化反应
1)苯甲酸乙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol苯甲醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol乙醇、0.005mol 3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-(2,4,6三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑-3-碘盐、0.05mol的碳酸铯、150mL的甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后冷却到室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析纯化得到苯甲酸乙酯,产率为98%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.12-7.96(m,2H),7.55-7.46(m,1H),7.40(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),4.36(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.37(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:166.5,132.7,130.5,129.5,128.2,60.8,14.3。
2)3-硝基苯甲酸乙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol 3-硝基苯甲醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol的乙醇、0.005mol 3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-(2,4,6-三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓六氟磷酸盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL的甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析纯化得到3-硝基苯甲酸乙酯,产率为98%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.86(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.41(m,1H),8.38(m,1H),7.66(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.45(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.44(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:164.4,148.3,135.2,132.2,129.6,127.2,124.5,61.9,14.2。
3)3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol 3-硝基苯甲醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol甲醇、0.005mol 3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-均三甲苯-1H-咪唑-3-鎓双(三氟甲磺酰亚胺)盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析得到3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯,产率为98%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.87(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.42(m,1H),8.37(m,1H),7.67(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.00(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:164.9,148.3,135.2,131.9,129.6,127.4,124.6,52.8。
4)3-硝基苯甲酸异丙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol 3-硝基苯甲醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol异丙醇、0.005mol 1-(2,6-二异丙基)苯基-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL的甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析得到3-硝基苯甲酸异丙酯,产率为97%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.85(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.50-8.26(m,2H),7.64(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.37-5.25(m,1H),1.41(d,J=6.2Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:163.9,148.3,135.2,132.7,129.5,127.2,124.5,69.7,21.9。
5)4-硝基苯甲酸乙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol 4-硝基苯甲醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol乙醇、0.005mol 1-(2,6-二异丙基)苯基-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓六氟磷酸盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析得到4-硝基苯甲酸乙酯,产率为94%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.33-8.24(m,2H),8.24-8.15(m,2H),4.42(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.42(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:164.7,150.5,135.9,130.6,123.5,61.9,14.2。
5)4-氯苯甲酸乙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol 4-氯苯甲醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol的乙醇、0.005mol的1-(2,6-二异丙基)苯基-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓四氟硼酸盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析得到4-氯苯甲酸乙酯,产率为94%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.01-7.89(m,2H),7.42-7.32(m,2H),4.36(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.38(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:165.5,139.1,130.9,128.9,128.5,61.1,14.2。
6)4-溴苯甲酸乙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol 4-溴苯甲醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol乙醇、0.005mol 1-(2,6-二异丙基)苯基-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓双(三氟甲磺酰亚胺)盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析得到4-溴苯甲酸乙酯,产率为90%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.97-7.76(m,2H),7.58-7.49(m,2H),4.36(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.38(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:165.7,131.6,131.0,129.4,127.8,61.2,14.3。
7)2-氟苯甲酸乙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol 2-氟苯甲醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol乙醇、0.005mol 1-(4-溴苯基)-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析得到2-氟苯甲酸乙酯,产率为97%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.98-7.87(m,1H),7.54-7.40(m,1H),7.24-7.03(m,2H),4.39(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.39(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:164.3(d,J=3.7Hz),163.2,160.6,134.2(d,J=9.0Hz),123.9(d,J=3.9Hz),119.1(d,J=9.9Hz),117.0,116.7,61.2,14.2。
8)3-氟苯甲酸乙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol 3-氟苯甲醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol乙醇、0.005mol 1-(4-溴苯基)-3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓双(三氟甲磺酰亚胺)盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析得到3-氟苯甲酸乙酯,产率为97%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.87-7.78(m,1H),7.74-7.62(m,1H),7.48-7.32(m,1H),7.30-7.11(m,1H),4.38(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.39(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:165.3(d,J=3.0Hz),162.5(d,J=245Hz),132.7(d,J=7.4Hz),129.9(d,J=7.8Hz),125.2(d,J=3.1Hz),119.7(d,J=21.3Hz),116.3(d,J=22.9Hz),61.3,14.2。
9)4-氟苯甲酸乙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol 4-氟苯甲醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol乙醇、0.005mol 3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-(2,4,6-三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析得到4-氟苯甲酸乙酯,产率为95%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.21-7.91(m,2H),7.07(m,2H),4.35(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.37(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:166.8,165.2,164.3,131.9(d,J=9.2Hz),126.7(d,J=3.0Hz),115.2(d,J=22.0Hz),61.1,14.3。
10)3-三氟甲基苯甲酸乙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol 3-三氟甲基苯甲醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol乙醇、0.005mol 3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-(2,4,6-三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析得到3-三氟甲基苯甲酸乙酯,产率为95%。产物表征数据如下:1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.70-7.79(m,2H),7.55-7.63(m,2H),4.39(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.37(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:165.3132.8131.5131.1(d,J=33.0Hz),129.4(q,J=3.7Hz),129.0,126.5(q,J=3.9Hz),123.8(d,J=272.4Hz),61.6,14.3。
11)3-氰基苯甲酸乙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol 3-氰基苯甲醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol乙醇、0.005mol 3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-(2,4,6三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水萃取至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析得到3-氰基苯甲酸乙酯,产率为98%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:8.33(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.29-8.22(m,1H),7.90-7.78(m,1H),7.58(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.42(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.41(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:164.6,135.8,133.6,133.2,131.8,129.4,117.9,112.9,61.8,14.2。
12)4-甲氧基苯甲酸乙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol 4-甲氧基苯甲醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol乙醇、0.005mol 3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-(2,4,6-三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL甲苯,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析得到4-甲氧基苯甲酸乙酯,产率为73%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.11-7.85(m,2H),7.00-6.64(m,2H),4.33(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.81(s,3H),1.36(t,J=7.0Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:166.3,163.2,131.5,122.9,113.5,60.5,55.3,14.3。
13)正丙酸乙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol正丙醛,加至500mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol乙醇、0.005mol 3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-(2,4,6-三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析得到正丙酸乙酯,产率为84%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(CDCl3)δ:4.13(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.32(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.26(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.14(t,J=7.6Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:174.3,60.0,27.5,14.1,9.0。
14)正癸酸乙酯的制备:准确称取0.1mol正癸醛,加至50mL圆底烧瓶中,随后加入0.5mol乙醇、0.005mol 3-(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基)甲基-1-(2,4,6-三甲基)苯基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓碘盐、0.05mol碳酸铯、150mL甲苯,套上空气气球,在60℃下搅拌3h。反应结束后将反应液冷却至室温,用饱和食盐水洗涤至中性,经减压浓缩、柱层析得到正癸酸乙酯,产率为80%。产物表征数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:4.12(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.28(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.70-1.51(m,2H),1.36-1.20(m,15H),0.88(t,J=6.6Hz,3H).13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:173.7,60.0,34.3,31.8,29.4,29.2,29.1,24.9,22.6,14.2,14.0。
比较例1
苯甲醛和乙醇进行氧化酯化反应,不加樟脑基咪唑型离子液体催化剂,其他操作条件同实施例2的1)苯甲酸乙酯的制备。反应结果显示,苯甲酸乙酯的产率几乎为零。
比较例2
苯甲醛和乙醇进行氧化酯化反应,以1-乙基-3-甲基-1H-咪唑-3-鎓溴盐为催化剂,其他操作条件同实施例2的1)苯甲酸乙酯的制备。反应结果显示,苯甲酸乙酯的产率为40%。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一类樟脑基咪唑型离子液体,其特征在于,结构通式如下:
式中,R为2,4,6-三甲基苯基、2,6-二异丙基苯基、4-氯苯基、4-溴苯基;X-为I-、PF6 -、BF4 -、N(Tf)2 -
2.权利要求1所述的樟脑基咪唑型离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)樟脑磺酸与碘和三苯基磷在溶剂中反应,反应液经硫代硫酸钠水溶液洗涤至无色,再用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,蒸去溶剂后重结晶,得到固体产物10-碘代樟脑;
2)芳基咪唑和10-碘代樟脑进行季铵化反应,反应结束后加入乙酸乙酯使产物析出,经重结晶得到樟脑基咪唑碘盐离子液体;
3)将樟脑基咪唑碘盐与阴离子交换剂进行离子交换反应,反应液经抽滤除去过量的阴离子交换剂,滤液再经蒸馏去除溶剂并经干燥后对应得到樟脑基咪唑型离子液体;具体反应式如下:
3.根据权利要求2所述的樟脑基咪唑型离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,樟脑磺酸/碘/三苯基磷的摩尔比为1∶1~2∶1~4;反应温度为90~110℃,所用溶剂为甲苯或二甲苯。
4.根据权利要求2所述的樟脑基咪唑型离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,10-碘代樟脑/芳基咪唑的摩尔比为1∶1.0~1.5;反应温度为130~150℃;反应所用溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或乙腈。
5.根据权利要求2所述的樟脑基咪唑型离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,樟脑基咪唑碘盐/阴离子交换剂的摩尔比为1∶2~4;所用溶剂为二氯甲烷或乙腈。
6.根据权利要求2所述的樟脑基咪唑型离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,阴离子交换剂为六氟磷酸钠、四氟硼酸钠、双(三氟甲磺酰亚胺)锂,对应获得的樟脑基咪唑型离子液体为樟脑基咪唑六氟磷酸盐、樟脑基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、樟脑基咪唑双(三氟甲磺酰亚胺)盐。
7.权利要求1所述的樟脑基咪唑型离子液体在催化醛-醇氧化酯化反应中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所用的醛为苯甲醛、4-硝基苯甲醛、3-硝基苯甲醛、4-氯苯甲醛、4-溴苯甲醛、4-氟苯甲醛、3-氟苯甲醛、2-氟苯甲醛、3-三氟甲基苯甲醛、3-氰基苯甲醛、4-甲氧基苯甲醛、正丙醛、正癸醛。
9.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所用的醇为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇。
10.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,醛-醇氧化酯化反应的温度为50~70℃;所用的碱为碳酸铯或碳酸钾;所用的醛/醇/樟脑基咪唑盐/碱的摩尔比为1∶3~5∶0.02~0.05∶0.2~0.5;所用的溶剂是乙腈、四氢呋喃、甲苯、丙酮、乙醚等。
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