CN110268971B - Culture method for promoting porphyra haitanensis to appear on market early - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of porphyra haitanensis cultivation, and discloses a cultivation method for promoting porphyra haitanensis to appear on the market early, which comprises the following steps: drying porphyra haitanensis selected from a southern seedling raising field in the shade until the water content is 60-70%, then cultivating shell filaments until the ratio of diplospores is more than 80%, then transferring the mature shell filaments from the southern seedling raising field to a northern sea area, releasing by running water stimulation, cultivating the conchospores in the northern sea area when the temperature of the northern sea area is reduced to be below 28 ℃, drying the net curtain which is cultivated in the northern sea area and is attached with seedlings in the shade until the water content is 30-40% when the temperature of the southern sea area is reduced to be below 28 ℃, and then quickly transferring the net curtain to the southern sea area for continuous cultivation. The invention utilizes the difference of water temperature in the north and south sea areas of China, and leads the porphyra haitanensis to be always at proper growth water temperature through the north and south cooperative segmented culture, thereby leading the porphyra haitanensis to appear on the market early. The method provided by the invention can advance the harvesting time of the first water porphyra haitanensis by at least 20 days, thereby greatly improving the income of farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of porphyra haitanensis cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for promoting porphyra haitanensis to appear on the market early.
Background
The laver is the alga with the largest cultivation area in China, and occupies about half of the alga cultivation area in China, wherein the yield of the porphyra haitanensis occupies more than 75 percent. The thickness of the leaves of porphyra haitanensis increases with the age of the day, resulting in poor taste, and thus the price of porphyra haitanensis in the market decreases with the age of the day. At present, the price of the first water altar laver fresh vegetable can reach 80 yuan/jin. The price of the first water altar laver determines the culture income, so that farmers risk high-temperature rotten vegetables to collect seedlings in advance. Generally, farmers begin to collect porphyra haitanensis seedlings and cultivate the porphyra haitanensis in the sea before and after white dew, the water temperature is usually higher and unstable at the moment, and the porphyra haitanensis seedlings are often influenced by typhoon days, and many farmers are influenced by high-temperature warm-up days without particle recovery. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a stable and reliable cultivation method for promoting the porphyra haitanensis to appear on the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a culture method for promoting porphyra haitanensis to appear on the market early.
Specifically, the invention provides a cultivation method for promoting porphyra haitanensis to appear on the market early, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-treating the seed algae: washing porphyra haitanensis seeds selected from a southern seedling field with seawater, drying in the shade until the water content is 60-70%, adding seawater to diffuse fruit spores, drying in the shade again until the water content is 60-70%, and repeatedly drying in the shade and diffusing for a plurality of times to obtain a large amount of fruit spores for cultivating shell protonema;
(2) culturing: culturing the shell protonema in a southern seedling raising field 20-30 days before the white dew until the proportion of double spores is more than 80% to obtain mature shell protonema of porphyra haitanensis;
(3) and (3) transportation, wherein when the water temperature in the northern sea area is reduced to be below 28 ℃, the transportation is started:
s1, filtering the seawater by a sand jar, standing for 5-10 days in a dark environment, and adding phosphorus salt until the phosphorus content is 15-20 mg/L to obtain phosphorus-containing seawater for later use;
s2, packing the mature shell filament of the porphyra haitanensis with a plastic string bag at the temperature of 27-28 ℃ between 14:00 pm and 6:00 am of the next morning;
s3, controlling the temperature in the van compartment to be at the packing temperature of the plastic net bag, quickly transferring the packed mature shell filament into the compartment, wrapping the plastic net bag with sponge, and then stacking the wrapped plastic net bag to be 80-100 cm away from the top of the compartment;
s4, transferring the phosphorus-containing seawater into the van compartment, controlling the temperature of the phosphorus-containing seawater to be below the packing temperature of the plastic net bag, transferring the mature shell protonema of the porphyra haitanensis from a southern seedling raising field to a northern sea area, uniformly spraying the stacked mature shell protonema once by using the phosphorus-containing seawater every 1-3 hours, and monitoring the temperature in the compartment in the whole transportation process so as to control the temperature of the compartment to be below the packing temperature of the plastic net bag;
(4) and (3) running water stimulation and diffusion: after reaching the northern sea area, the mature shell protonema is stimulated by running water, and then conchospores are collected at the release peak period of 8:00 to 10:00 in the morning;
(5) and (3) north cultivation: selecting a northern sea area with the water temperature stabilized below 28 ℃, and culturing the net curtain attached with the conchospores in the sea; and (3) breeding in south: after 20-30 days of cultivation, when the temperature of the water in the southern sea area is reduced to be below 28 ℃, drying the net curtain which is cultivated in the northern sea area and is attached with the seedlings in the shade until the water content is 30-40%, and then quickly transferring the net curtain to the southern sea area for further cultivation.
Further, in the step (1), the method for selecting the porphyra haitanensis algae includes the steps of selecting the porphyra haitanensis algae which are large, complete and bright in color and luster, free of diatom attachments and provided with a large number of sporocyst areas, from 12 months per year to 1 month next year, stopping shearing and harvesting a large number of the porphyra haitanensis algae before selecting the algae, and enabling sporocysts to be formed in a large number.
Further, in the step (3), the phosphorus salt is potassium dihydrogen phosphate and/or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
Further, in the step (3), the spraying degree of the mature shell protonema by adopting phosphorus-containing seawater is based on the overflow of water at the bottom of the carriage.
Further, in the step (4), the conditions of the flowing water stimulation include that the temperature of the flowing water stimulation water is 23-25 ℃, the water flow is 70-100 cm/s, and the flowing water stimulation time is 10-15 hours.
Further, in the step (5), the temperature of the cultured water is stabilized below 28 ℃.
The key point of the invention is that the porphyra haitanensis is always kept at a proper growth water temperature by utilizing the water temperature difference of the north and south sea areas in China and by the north and south cooperation and segmented culture, so that the porphyra haitanensis can be brought into the market early. The method provided by the invention can lead the harvesting time of the first water porphyra haitanensis to be advanced by at least 20 days, thereby greatly improving the income of farmers.
Detailed Description
In the invention, in the step (1), the porphyra haitanensis algae are selected to obtain a large amount of healthy fruit spores and to be beneficial to culturing healthy shell protonema. According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the method for selecting the porphyra haitanensis algae includes the steps of selecting the porphyra haitanensis algae which are large, complete, bright in color and free of attachments such as diatoms and have a large number of sporocyst areas and have large numbers of sporocyst areas from 12 months per year to 1 month per year, stopping cutting and harvesting a large number of the sporocyst areas before selecting the porphyra haitanensis algae, and allowing a large number of sporocyst to be formed. Wherein the suitable temperature for maturing the fruit sporangium is 18-20 ℃.
In the invention, in the step (1), the drying in the shade can be carried out by hanging the porphyra haitanensis algae on a bamboo curtain and placing the bamboo curtain in a ventilated place for one night. In addition, the number of times of repeated drying and releasing in the shade can be 2-5, and the purpose of repeated drying and releasing in the shade is to maximally utilize the seed vegetables.
In the invention, in the step (2), the shell protonema is cultivated in the south, so that the relatively high temperature in the south can be fully utilized to reduce the seedling raising cost, and the shell protonema needs to be cultivated to the maturity of more than 80 percent (namely the ratio of the diplospores reaches more than 80 percent) 20-30 days before the white dew, otherwise, the first opportunity is difficult to preempt. The maturity of the mature shell protonema is controlled to be more than 80%, so that a large amount of healthy shell spores can be obtained, and the healthy shell spores are transported to northern sea areas in a long distance.
In the invention, the mature shell protonema is ensured not to be induced to flow or be influenced to be released by the stimulation of the external environment in the mode of special temperature control, moisture preservation and phosphorus supplement by using a van as a transport tool in the step (3), so that the mature shell protonema can be stably and reliably transported to a northern sea area from a southern seedling raising field, the transport time can reach 30 hours, and the standard of producing upper shell spore seedlings can still be reached after long-distance transport.
In S1 of step (3), the seawater is filtered by a sand tank to remove impurities such as suspended substances, colloids, and silt. The purpose of standing the seawater filtered by the sand cylinder in a dark environment is to kill phytoplankton in the seawater. The term "dark environment" does not mean absolute darkness but means that the intensity of light does not exceed 10 Lx. The seawater filtered by the sand cylinder is allowed to stand in a dark environment, for example, in a settling pond in a manner of shading for 5-10 days.
In S1 of step (3), the phosphorus salt is a soluble phosphorus salt, and specifically, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and/or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate is preferable.
In S3 of step (3), the plastic string bag is wrapped with a sponge for the purpose of moisture retention and heat preservation. The wrapped plastic net bags are piled up to 80-100 cm away from the top of the carriage, namely the distance between the highest point of the plastic net bag pile formed by the plastic net bags and the top of the carriage is 80-100 cm.
In step (3), in S4, the temperature of the phosphorus-containing seawater is controlled to be at the packaging temperature (i.e., 27 to 28 ℃) of the plastic net bag, for example, by using an automatic temperature control device. The spraying degree of the mature shell protonema by adopting phosphorus-containing seawater is based on the overflow of water at the bottom of the carriage. The temperature in the carriage can be controlled to be 27-28 ℃ by starting the air conditioner in the transportation process. In addition, if the temperature control of the air conditioner is not adopted and the temperature in the carriage is too high, the temperature in the carriage can be controlled to be 27-28 ℃ by adding ice blocks to rapidly reduce the temperature.
In the present invention, in the step (4), the flowing water stimulation is aimed at stimulating the emission of conchospores. The running water stimulation conditions preferably include the running water stimulation water temperature of 23-25 ℃, the water flow of 70-100 cm/s and the running water stimulation time of 10-15 hours. The manner of collecting the conchospores can be the same as the prior art, and those skilled in the art will know the method and will not be described herein.
In the invention, in the step (5), porphyra haitanensis can be cultured only when the water temperature cultured in the northern and southern sea areas is stabilized below 28 ℃. In addition, the transportation of the net curtain cultured in the northern sea area to the southern sea area requires that the seedlings are dried in the shade until the water content is about 30 percent, so that the seedlings can be transported.
In the invention, in the step (4) and the step (5), when the water temperature in the northern aquaculture sea area is stabilized to be below 28 ℃, the shell spore vegetable seedlings can be cultured in the sea; when the water temperature of the southern sea area is reduced to be below 28 ℃, the net curtain with the seedlings attached to the net curtain cultured in the northern sea area can be dried in the shade until the water content is 30-40%, and the net curtain is quickly transported to the southern sea area for relay culture.
In the invention, the northern aquaculture sea area is mainly located in coastal areas of Jiangsu, Shandong and Liaoning province, and the southern aquaculture sea area is mainly located in coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong province.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
Example 1: porphyra haitanensis is cultivated in cooperation with farmers in enterprises and farmers in Pu Tian city in Fujian province and Hongkong hong city in Jiangsu province
(1) Pre-treating the seed algae: during the period from 12 months to 1 month of the next year, porphyra haitanensis seed algae which are large, complete, bright in color and luster, free of attachments such as diatoms and the like and have a large number of flaky fruit sporangium areas are selected in a nursery site in Putian city. The appropriate temperature for the mature of the fruit sporangium is 18-20 ℃, and the mass shearing is stopped before the seed algae is selected, so that the fruit sporangium is formed in a large amount. After the seed algae are selected, the seed algae are washed clean by seawater, hung on a bamboo curtain and placed in a ventilation place for drying in the shade at night to enable the water content to reach 60%. And (3) after drying in the shade, adding seawater to diffuse the fruit spores, then drying in the shade again until the water content is 60%, repeatedly diffusing and drying in the shade for multiple times to obtain a large amount of fruit spores for cultivating shell protonema.
(2) Culturing: and (3) cultivating the shell protonema in a breeding field of Putian city about 20-30 days before the white dew until the ratio of the double-spore is 90%, so as to obtain the mature shell protonema of the porphyra haitanensis.
(3) Transport (transport from pu tian to hong kong city):
s1, filtering the seawater by a sand jar, standing for 5 days in a dark environment, and adding monopotassium phosphate until the phosphorus content is 15mg/L to obtain phosphorus-containing seawater for later use;
s2, packaging the mature porphyra haitanensis shell protonema (the ratio of the double spores is 90%) by using a plastic string bag at 14:00 pm and at the temperature of 27-28 ℃;
s3, controlling the temperature in the van compartment to be 27-28 ℃, quickly transferring the packed mature porphyra haitanensis shell protonema into the compartment, wrapping a plastic string bag by using sponge, and then stacking the wrapped plastic string bag to be 90cm away from the top of the compartment;
s4, moving the phosphorus-containing seawater into a carriage, controlling the temperature of the phosphorus-containing seawater to be 27-28 ℃, starting long-distance transportation, spraying the piled mature porphyra haitanensis shell filaments once by using the phosphorus-containing seawater every 2 hours, taking the overflow of water at the bottom of the carriage as a standard in the spraying process, and monitoring the temperature in the carriage in the whole transportation process to control the temperature to be 27-28 ℃;
(4) and (3) running water stimulation and diffusion: after the laver reaches the northern sea area (Hongyun harbor city), transferring the mature porphyra haitanensis shell protonema into an indoor water pool with the water temperature of 23-25 ℃, stimulating for 10 hours by adopting flowing water with the temperature of 24 ℃ at the flow rate of 100cm/s, and then collecting conchospores at 8:00 am;
(5) culturing: culturing conchospores in the sea of Hongyun harbor city, wherein the water temperature in the Hongyun harbor city is stabilized below 28 ℃, so that the culture of porphyra haitanensis is suitable, and the length of the porphyra haitanensis seedlings is about 1 cm when the porphyra haitanensis is cultured for about 20 days in the sea; when the water temperature of a water area of a Pu Tian city is reduced to be below 28 ℃, the net curtain with the attached seedlings, which is cultured in the Hongkong city, is dried in shade until the water content is 30-40%, then the net curtain is quickly transported to the water area of the Pu Tian city to be continuously cultured for about 20 days, and then the water-head altar laver can be collected, which is 20-30 days earlier than the traditional culture method of the Pu Tian city.
Example 2: enterprises and farmers in Pu Tian city in Fujian province and Tai city in Shandong province for cooperatively culturing porphyra haitanensis
(1) Pre-treating the seed algae: during the period from 12 months to 1 month of the next year, porphyra haitanensis seed algae which are large, complete, bright in color and luster, free of attachments such as diatoms and the like and have a large number of flaky fruit sporangium areas are selected in a nursery site in Putian city. The appropriate temperature for the mature of the fruit sporangium is 18-20 ℃, and the mass shearing is stopped before the seed algae is selected, so that the fruit sporangium is formed in a large amount. After the seed algae are selected, the seed algae are washed clean by seawater, hung on a bamboo curtain and placed in a ventilation place for drying in the shade at night, so that the water content reaches 70 percent. And (3) after drying in the shade, adding seawater to diffuse the fruit spores, then drying in the shade again until the water content is 70%, repeatedly diffusing and drying in the shade for multiple times to obtain a large amount of fruit spores for cultivating shell protonema.
(2) Culturing: and (3) cultivating the shell protonema in a breeding field of Putian city about 20-30 days before the white dew till the double-spore accounts for 85%, so as to obtain the mature shell protonema of the porphyra haitanensis.
(3) Transport (transport from pu tian city to tablat city):
s1, filtering the seawater by a sand jar, standing for 10 days in a dark environment, and adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate until the phosphorus content is 18mg/L to obtain phosphorus-containing seawater for later use;
s2, packaging the mature porphyra haitanensis shell protonema (the proportion of the diplospores is 85%) by using a plastic string bag at 20:00 o' clock at night and at the temperature of 27-28 ℃;
s3, controlling the temperature in the van compartment to be 27-28 ℃, quickly transferring the packed mature porphyra haitanensis shell protonema into the compartment, wrapping a plastic string bag by using sponge, and then stacking the wrapped plastic string bag to be 85cm away from the top of the compartment;
s4, moving the phosphorus-containing seawater into a carriage, controlling the temperature of the phosphorus-containing seawater to be 27-28 ℃, starting long-distance transportation, spraying the piled mature porphyra haitanensis shell filaments once by using the phosphorus-containing seawater every 3 hours, taking the overflow of water at the bottom of the carriage as a standard in the spraying process, and monitoring the temperature in the carriage in the whole transportation process to control the temperature to be 27-28 ℃;
(4) and (3) running water stimulation and diffusion: after the laver reaches the northern sea area (Taiwan city), transferring the mature porphyra haitanensis shell protonema into an indoor water pool with the water temperature of 23-25 ℃, stimulating for 10 hours by adopting flowing water with the temperature of 24 ℃ at the flow rate of 100cm/s, and then collecting conchospores at 8:00 am;
(5) culturing: culturing conchospores in the open sea of a tabacum market, wherein the water temperature of the tabacum market is stabilized below 28 ℃, so that the method is suitable for culturing porphyra haitanensis, and the length of the porphyra haitanensis seedlings is about 1 cm when the porphyra haitanensis is cultured for about 20 days; when the water temperature of a water area of the Putian city is reduced to be below 28 ℃, the net curtains which are cultured in the tobacco terrace city and are attached with the seedlings are dried in the shade until the water content is 30-40%, then the net curtains are quickly transported to the water area of the Putian city to be cultured for about 20 days, and then the water-head Porphyra haitanensis can be collected, wherein the water-head Porphyra haitanensis is 20-30 days earlier than the traditional culture method of the Putian city.
Comparative example 1
Porphyra haitanensis was cultured according to the method of example 1, except that the ratio of diplospores of the shell protonema in step (2) was 40%, and the rest was the same as in example 1. The result shows that the dispersion amount of the porphyra haitanensis shell protonema can not reach the standard of upper conchospore seedling collection in production, so that the subsequent culture work can not be developed.
Comparative example 2
Porphyra haitanensis was cultured according to the method of example 1, except that, in the step (3), the transportation of the filaments of the shell of mature porphyra haitanensis was not performed according to the method of the present invention (specifically, the time for packing the filaments of the shell of mature porphyra haitanensis with a plastic string bag was 9:00 a.m.), and the rest was the same as in example 1. The result shows that conchospore abortion can be caused in the transportation process, and further subsequent cultivation work cannot be unfolded.
Comparative example 3
Porphyra haitanensis was cultivated according to the method of example 1, except that, in the step (5), the web having the attached seedlings was directly transported with a moisture content of up to 80% without being dried in the shade to 30 to 40% before being transported from hong kong to pu tian, and the rest was the same as example 1. The results show that many seedlings die during transport, which seriously affects the subsequent mariculture program.
Comparative example 4
Porphyra haitanensis was cultured according to the method of example 2, except that in the step (5), when the water temperature of the Putian city water area is higher than 28 ℃, the net curtain with the seedlings attached thereto was transferred to the Putian city water area for culturing, and the rest was the same as example 1. The result shows that the high temperature affects the growth of the porphyra haitanensis, large-area rotten seedlings occur, and the income of farmers is seriously affected.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A cultivation method for promoting porphyra haitanensis to appear on the market is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pre-treating the seed algae: washing porphyra haitanensis seeds selected from a southern seedling field with seawater, drying in the shade until the water content is 60-70%, adding seawater to diffuse fruit spores, drying in the shade again until the water content is 60-70%, and repeatedly drying in the shade and diffusing for a plurality of times to obtain a large amount of fruit spores for cultivating shell protonema;
(2) culturing: culturing the shell protonema in a southern seedling raising field 20-30 days before the white dew until the proportion of double spores is more than 80% to obtain mature shell protonema of porphyra haitanensis;
(3) and (3) transportation, wherein transportation is started when the water temperature in the northern sea area is reduced to be below 28 ℃:
s1, filtering the seawater by a sand jar, standing for 5-10 days in a dark environment, and adding phosphorus salt until the phosphorus content is 15-20 mg/L to obtain phosphorus-containing seawater for later use;
s2, packing the mature shell filament of the porphyra haitanensis with a plastic string bag at the temperature of 27-28 ℃ between 14:00 pm and 6:00 am of the next morning;
s3, controlling the temperature in the van compartment to be at the packing temperature of the plastic net bag, quickly transferring the packed mature shell filament into the compartment, wrapping the plastic net bag with sponge, and then stacking the wrapped plastic net bag to be 80-100 cm away from the top of the compartment;
s4, transferring the phosphorus-containing seawater into a van compartment, controlling the temperature of the phosphorus-containing seawater to be below the packing temperature of the plastic net bag, transferring the mature shell filament of the porphyra haitanensis to a northern sea area from a southern seedling raising field, uniformly spraying the stacked mature shell filament once by using the phosphorus-containing seawater every 1-3 hours, taking the spraying degree of the mature shell filament by using the phosphorus-containing seawater as the standard for the overflow of water at the bottom of the compartment, and monitoring the temperature in the compartment in the whole transportation process so as to control the temperature of the compartment to be below the packing temperature of the plastic net bag;
(4) and (3) running water stimulation and diffusion: after reaching the northern sea area, the mature shell protonema is stimulated by running water, and then conchospores are collected at the release peak period of 8:00 to 10:00 in the morning;
(5) and (3) north cultivation: selecting a northern sea area with the water temperature stabilized below 28 ℃, and culturing the net curtain attached with the conchospores in the sea; and (3) breeding in south: after 20-30 days of cultivation, when the temperature of the water in the southern sea area is reduced to be below 28 ℃, drying the net curtain which is cultivated in the northern sea area and is attached with the seedlings in the shade until the water content is 30-40%, and then quickly transferring the net curtain to the southern sea area for further cultivation.
2. The cultivation method for promoting the sale of Porphyra haitanensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the method for selecting the Porphyra haitanensis algae includes selecting Porphyra haitanensis algae which is large, complete, bright in color, free of diatom attachments and has a large number of sporocysts, and stopping shearing before selecting the algae to allow the formation of a large number of sporocysts, wherein the size of the sporocysts is 12 months to 1 month the next year.
3. The cultivation method for promoting the sale of Porphyra haitanensis according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the phosphorus salt is monopotassium phosphate and/or dipotassium phosphate in step (3).
4. The cultivation method for promoting the arrival of Porphyra haitanensis on the market according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conditions for the running water stimulation in step (4) include a running water stimulation water temperature of 23-25 ℃, a water flow rate of 70-100 cm/s, and a running water stimulation time of 10-15 hours.
5. The cultivation method of Porphyra haitanensis for promoting the sale of Porphyra haitanensis as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of the cultivation water is stabilized below 28 ℃ in step (5).
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103931482A (en) * | 2014-04-26 | 2014-07-23 | 宁波大学 | Porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis ripening and seedling collecting method |
| CN105409755A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-23 | 宁波大学 | Trans-regional relay seedling method for porphyra haitanensis |
| CN105660358A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-06-15 | 宁波大学 | Alternate utilization method of porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103931482A (en) * | 2014-04-26 | 2014-07-23 | 宁波大学 | Porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis ripening and seedling collecting method |
| CN105409755A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-23 | 宁波大学 | Trans-regional relay seedling method for porphyra haitanensis |
| CN105660358A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-06-15 | 宁波大学 | Alternate utilization method of porphyra haitanensis shell conchocelis |
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