CN110266655B - Cross-chain interconnection method, device and system based on block chain - Google Patents

Cross-chain interconnection method, device and system based on block chain Download PDF

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CN110266655B
CN110266655B CN201910460885.6A CN201910460885A CN110266655B CN 110266655 B CN110266655 B CN 110266655B CN 201910460885 A CN201910460885 A CN 201910460885A CN 110266655 B CN110266655 B CN 110266655B
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彭顺求
苏恒
黄肇敏
万涛
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Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd ICBC
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Abstract

The invention provides a block chain-based cross-chain interconnection method, a block chain-based cross-chain interconnection system, computer equipment and a computer readable storage medium, and relates to the technical field of information processing. The system comprises a cross-chain gateway node and a plurality of service chains, wherein each service chain comprises an authority management node, a gateway node and a plurality of verification nodes, and the gateway nodes in the service chains and the cross-chain gateway node form a cross-chain gateway; the cross-chain gateway is used for realizing message format standardization and a cross-chain conversion protocol among the service chains so as to promote adaptation and forwarding of cross-chain messages, simultaneously support error processing of overtime request messages during cross-chain interconnection and finally realize inter-access and inter-communication of cross-chain data. The invention realizes the mutual access among the alliance chains of a plurality of different block chain technologies by introducing the bridging gateway chain, solves the problem of information isolated island among a plurality of block chain systems, and can accelerate the application and popularization of the block chain technology.

Description

Cross-chain interconnection method, device and system based on block chain
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of information processing technologies, and in particular, to an information processing technology relating to a block chain, and more particularly, to a block chain-based inter-link method, a block chain-based inter-link system, a computer device, and a computer-readable storage medium.
Background
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
The block chain system encrypts and hashes data and data operation records through a cryptographic method, so that a public transparent, non-tampering and traceable distributed database accounting system is formed. The technology can be widely applied to the fields of payment clearing, evidence storage and evidence obtaining, value transfer, supply chain finance, user credit investigation, supervision and audit and the like.
In practical applications, the blockchain system is often used in different business fields, and in a business field, information is generally disclosed, shared, and not tampered by a way of forming a domain federation chain. The actual conditions of the aspects of performance capacity, audit supervision, data isolation, safety privacy and the like of the block chain system are considered by different block chain alliance chains, different block chain technologies such as Etheng, Rave, Fabric and the like can be adopted at the bottom layer of the system, and the difficulty in interconnection and access among different block chain alliance chains is large, so that network isolation exists among the block chain alliance chains, the network isolation hinders the cooperative operation capacity among the block chains, and the capability exertion and popularization of the block chains are greatly limited.
In the prior art, data transmission and access between two block chains are generally realized through a relay mode, but a relay node is also a centralized node, and interactive data has a process of leaving from a block chain and then entering into another block chain, so that the decentralized and anti-tampering characteristics of the block chain technology are reduced, and trust and value transmission between the chain chains are also influenced.
Therefore, how to provide a new solution, which can solve the above technical problems, is a technical problem to be solved in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a block chain-based inter-link interconnection method, a block chain-based inter-link interconnection system, a computer device, and a computer readable storage medium, which implement mutual access between alliance chains of multiple different block chain technologies by introducing a bridging gateway chain, and achieve the goal of decentralization and tamper resistance because the bridging gateway chain is also a block chain, thereby achieving the fusion of multiple block chains, solving the problem of information islanding between multiple block chain systems, and accelerating the application and popularization of the block chain technology.
One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a block chain based inter-link system, which includes a cross-link gateway node and a plurality of service chains, each service chain includes an authority management node, a gateway node and a plurality of verification nodes, the gateway nodes in the plurality of service chains and the cross-link gateway node constitute a cross-link gateway;
the cross-chain gateway is used for realizing message format standardization and a cross-chain conversion protocol among the service chains so as to promote adaptation and forwarding of cross-chain messages, simultaneously support error processing of overtime request messages during cross-chain interconnection and finally realize inter-access and inter-communication of cross-chain data.
Preferably, the verification node comprises a transaction data transceiver, a main control device, a transaction consensus and execution device and a message transceiver;
the transaction data transceiver is used for receiving a cross-chain transaction request;
the main control device is used for distributing transaction data to the transaction consensus and execution device and the message receiving and transmitting device;
the transaction consensus and execution device is used for realizing the execution of the intelligent contract and the verification of contract rules according to the transaction data and the cross-chain transaction request;
the message transmitting and receiving device comprises a certificate module and an encryption and decryption module;
the certificate module is used for verifying the legality of the transaction and node certificate;
and the encryption and decryption module is used for carrying out public and private key decryption and verification on the received cross-link transaction request and carrying out private key encryption on the transmitted transaction data.
Preferably, the authority management node comprises a root certificate storage module, an authority control module and a certificate generation module;
the root certificate storage module is used for storing and managing a root certificate and a private key;
the authority control module is used for configuring authority information of a user, wherein the authority information comprises specific service chain access authority and chain-crossing request initiating authority, and the certificate generation module is called according to the authority information to generate a corresponding access transaction access certificate.
Preferably, the gateway node comprises a cross-chain docking device, a cross-chain control device, a cross-chain adapting device, a message forwarding device and a key management device;
wherein, the cross-chain docking device is used for sending a cross-chain request, and the cross-chain request comes from the verification node or the cross-chain gateway node;
the cross-chain control device is used for distributing the cross-chain request to the cross-chain adapting device, the message forwarding device and the key management device;
the cross-chain adapting device is used for carrying out standardized conversion and cross-chain protocol adapting conversion on the format of the cross-chain request;
the message forwarding device is used for processing the communication message corresponding to the cross-link request;
the key management device is used for establishing an encrypted channel.
Preferably, the cross-chain adapting device comprises an interface adapting module and a protocol converting module;
the interface adaptation module is used for carrying out standardized conversion on request API data in two block chains subjected to cross-chain request docking;
and the protocol conversion module is used for converting the communication protocol of the cross-link request.
Preferably, the message forwarding device includes a block chain docking module and a gateway routing module;
the block chain docking module is used for processing the communication message corresponding to the cross-chain request, performing cross-chain transaction signature, and sending signature information serving as a domain of the cross-chain request to the gateway routing module for request forwarding;
and the gateway routing module is used for checking the signature of the signature information and forwarding the message by a route according to the cross-link routing binary group receiving end information after the signature passes the check.
Preferably, the key management device includes a certificate module and an encryption/decryption module;
the certificate module is used for verifying the legality of the certificate;
and the encryption and decryption module is used for carrying out secret key operation of an encrypted channel.
One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a method for interconnecting across chains based on a block chain, which includes:
the method comprises the steps that a cross-chain gateway receives a cross-chain transaction request of one service chain in a plurality of service chains, wherein the service chain is an initiator of cross-chain interconnection and is called as an initiating service chain;
acquiring a corresponding certificate and a public key according to the cross-chain transaction request, and checking the cross-chain transaction request;
when the check label passes, routing the cross-chain transaction request to a corresponding target service chain, wherein the target service chain is a receiver of cross-chain interconnection and is one of a plurality of service chains;
and receiving a transaction processing result returned by the target service chain, wherein the transaction processing result is generated by the target service chain according to the cross-chain transaction request.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a computer apparatus comprising: the system comprises a processor and a storage device, wherein the processor is suitable for realizing instructions, the storage device stores a plurality of instructions, and the instructions are suitable for being loaded by the processor and executing a method of block chain-based cross-chain interconnection.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the method of block chain based inter-link crossing.
The invention has the advantages that the invention provides a block chain-based cross-chain interconnection method, a block chain-based cross-chain interconnection system, computer equipment and a computer readable storage medium, realizes mutual access among alliance chains of a plurality of different block chain technologies by introducing a bridging gateway chain, and can achieve the aims of decentralization and tamper resistance because the bridging gateway chain is also a block chain, thereby achieving the fusion of a plurality of block chains, solving the problem of information isolated island among a plurality of block chain systems and accelerating the application and popularization of the block chain technology.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a block chain-based inter-link system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a verification node in a block chain-based inter-link system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of a structure of a rights management node in a block chain-based inter-link system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a gateway node in a block chain-based inter-link system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a cross-chain adapting device in a cross-chain interconnection system based on a block chain according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of a message forwarding apparatus in a block chain-based inter-link system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a key management apparatus in a block chain-based inter-link system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a block chain-based inter-linking method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a block chain-based inter-link system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a key separation and storage structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method for interconnecting block chains across chains in embodiment 1 according to the present invention;
fig. 12 is a flowchart of a method for interconnecting blockchain chains across chains in embodiment 2 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be embodied as a system, apparatus, method or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may be embodied in the form of: entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.
The principles and spirit of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the block chain based inter-link system provided by the present invention includes an inter-link gateway node and a plurality of service chains 10, each service chain 10 includes an authority management node 60, a gateway node 70 and a plurality of verification nodes 50, and the gateway node 70 and the inter-link gateway node in the plurality of service chains constitute an inter-link gateway 40.
The inter-link gateway 40 is configured to implement a message format standardization and an inter-link conversion protocol between the multiple service links 10, so as to promote adaptation and forwarding of inter-link messages, support error processing of overtime request messages during inter-link, and finally implement inter-access and inter-communication of inter-link data.
That is, in the cross-link interconnection system provided by the invention, the gateway node is used as an independent node to participate in the consensus of all interconnection parties, the interconnection among a plurality of alliance links is realized through the gateway node, and the convenient and reliable cross-link transaction interconnection can be realized by utilizing the alliance links and the cross-link bridging gateway. In the specific embodiment, the cross-link interconnection system includes two or more service links 10 and a cross-link gateway 40, and the internal nodes include an authentication node 50, an authority management node 60 and a gateway node 70.
In particular embodiments, the concept of multiple business chains is defined for ease of describing the transaction process, rather than differing in system architecture, which may be the same or similar in internal system configuration. A cross-link interconnect transaction refers to a transaction that is commonly participated in by one of a plurality of business links, a cross-link gateway, and another business link. The party initiating the cross-chain transaction is called an initiating business chain, the party receiving the cross-chain transaction is called a target business chain, and the two block chain systems are independently deployed and independently operated and have no data directly shared. One cross-chain interconnection transaction is successful after the mutual identification and the intelligent contract execution are independently completed in the verification node of the initiated service chain and the verification node of the target service chain respectively.
In one embodiment of the invention, the service chain is composed of an authentication node 50, a rights management node 60 and a gateway node 70. The cross-chain gateway is a server or a cluster formed by a plurality of servers, a pair of gateway nodes is configured for every two service chains needing to be interconnected, and the cross-chain gateway realizes message format standardization and a cross-chain conversion protocol between an initiating service chain and a target service chain so as to promote adaptation and forwarding of cross-chain messages, simultaneously supports error processing of overtime request messages during cross-chain interconnection, and finally realizes inter-access and inter-communication of cross-chain data.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a verification node in a block chain based inter-link system according to an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, the verification node 50 includes a transaction data transceiver 11, a main control device 12, a transaction consensus and execution device 13, and a message transceiver 14;
wherein, the transaction data transceiver 11 is configured to receive a cross-chain transaction request. That is, the transaction data transceiver 11 is a transceiver for transmitting and receiving transaction data to and from the verification node, and the transaction request is originated from another verification node and the master control device of the verification node.
The main control device 12 is used for distributing the transaction data to the transaction consensus and execution device and the message receiving and sending device.
And the transaction consensus and execution device 13 is used for implementing the execution of the intelligent contract and the verification of the contract rule according to the transaction data and the cross-chain transaction request. That is, the transaction consensus and execution device 13 is a module for implementing block chain transaction validity detection, consensus processing, and contract data update, and is responsible for executing the intelligent contract and verifying the contract rule. The smart contract may be a process running independently in the operating system or may be a piece of code or instructions embedded in the verification node. And after receiving the consensus application, the verification node analyzes the transaction request according to the intelligent contract and performs consensus voting according to a Byzantine fault-tolerant (PBFT) algorithm.
The messaging device 14 comprises a certificate module 141 and an encryption/decryption module 142;
the certificate module 141 is used for verifying the validity of the transaction and node certificates;
the encryption and decryption module 142 is configured to perform public and private key decryption and verification on the received cross-link transaction request, and perform private key encryption on the transmitted transaction data.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of verification nodes is generally 3f +1, where f represents the number of fault-tolerant nodes that can be supported by the blockchain system, and is minimum 1. This is due to the fact that the transaction consensus and execution means 13 is determined using the byzantine fault tolerant (PBFT) algorithm. The transaction consensus and execution device 13 controls that each transaction must be submitted and verified in three phases in the network, whereas in a blockchain system with 3f +1 verification nodes, each node in each phase receives at least 2f +1 identical acknowledgement messages from other nodes before entering the next phase. If 2f +1 consistent acknowledgement messages from other stages cannot be received in any stage, the acknowledgement messages are not continuously sent. After the three stages are completed, the transaction is regarded as a consensus, the transaction consensus and the intelligent contract in the execution device 13 are executed, and the transaction request is posted to the block cache. After the conditions are met (for example, after a certain time, the transaction requests in the cache reach a certain number), all transactions in the cache are integrated into a block, the data hash of the previous block in the chain is added, and finally the data hash is serialized into a data stream for storage.
The verification node is a network node which autonomously judges whether the transaction is trusted, and is generally a trusted server, a workstation and the like of each member of the alliance chain. The transaction consensus and execution device 13 operates the service state data according to the transaction data distributed by the main control device and the predefined service processing logic in the intelligent contract, which may be an independently running process in the operating system or a section of code or instruction embedded in the verification node.
And the authority management node is responsible for verifying the identity of the user in the blockchain system, managing the authority of the user and issuing a certificate. When the verification node and the gateway node start to join the network, the authority management node verifies the identity of the verification node, and generates a certificate and a signature for the verification node after the verification is passed. When the user logs in the system, the user name and the password sent by the user are verified, and after the user passes the verification, a login certificate is issued to the user. When the user applies for the transaction certificate, the certificate used by the request signature is verified, and when the signature certificate is confirmed to be the legal certificate issued by the authority management node, the transaction certificate is issued to the user.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a structure of a rights management node in a block chain based inter-chain system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 3, the rights management node 60 includes a root certificate storage module 21, a rights control module 22, and a certificate generation module 23.
The root certificate storage module 21 is configured to store and manage a root certificate and a private key. The private key of the root certificate can be stored in a file system after being encrypted, and can also be stored by using an external special device and linked to the authority management node.
The authority control module 22 is configured to configure authority information of a user, where the authority information includes an authority to access a specific service chain and an authority to initiate a cross-chain request, and invoke the certificate generation module 23 according to the authority information to generate a corresponding access transaction access certificate.
That is, in one embodiment of the invention, the entitlement control module maintains entitlement information for each user in the system. The authority control module configures authority information of a user according to the system, wherein the authority information comprises whether the user can access a specific service chain, whether the user has the authority of initiating a cross-chain request and the like, and the authority control module allows and refuses to use a root certificate to generate a new certificate according to the authority information of the user. Only the user with the corresponding authority is allowed to access the certificate generation module, and the corresponding access transaction access certificate is generated through the certificate generation module.
The certificate generation module generates a public and private key pair by using a cryptology algorithm configured by the system, and the public and private key pair is signed and packaged into a digital certificate in an x509 format by using a root certificate. The certificate generation module maintains a private key in the bridge chain gateway and is responsible for initiating a cross-chain transaction request and signing the transaction. The service chain network and the bridge chain gateway chain are both provided with a pair of asymmetric keys consisting of a public key and a private key, wherein the private key is managed by a certificate generation module in the verification node, the public key is packaged into an X509 digital certificate, and the digital certificate is broadcasted to all gateway nodes on the bridge chain when the bridge gateway is started and is sensed by other service chain networks.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the gateway node 70 is an extension of a verification node of a blockchain, and includes a cross-chain interfacing device 31, a cross-chain control device 32, a cross-chain adaptation device 33, a message forwarding device 34, and a key management device 35. Meanwhile, the gateway node has all other functions except the transaction consensus function in the verification node, and also has an additional cross-link communication function, and is responsible for receiving and sending cross-link requests and replies, a reverse transaction (conflict transaction) corresponding to the request transaction is preset at a request application end during cross-link request processing, records are added into an overtime processing queue, and if a successful cross-link processing response is not successfully received within overtime, the reverse transaction is started for conflict maintenance, so that closed loop of a service processing scene is realized. The gateway node may be a server or a cluster formed by multiple servers, and is responsible for initiating the docking and trust transfer of the service chain and other service chains. And after the plurality of service chains are respectively started and form a network, performing formal starting of the gateway node. The gateway nodes are logically attributed to both the service chain and the cross-chain gateway. Thus, the gateway nodes in the service chain are identical to the cross-chain gateway nodes. When the inter-link gateway node 70 is started, the built-in blockchain docking module 341 uploads the information of the identity certificate issued by the initiated service chain to the right management node, the corresponding right control module 22 in the right management node verifies the uploaded login certificate, after the verification of the login certificate is passed, the gateway node 70 forms a peer-to-peer link network of P2P together with all verification nodes and the right management node in the initiated service chain, and after networking is completed, the inter-link gateway node can participate in transaction consensus and account book data updating in the initiated service chain. The gateway routing module 342 built in the inter-link gateway node 70 initiating the service link connection establishes an encrypted channel with the peer gateway routing module 342 in the inter-link gateway node in the target service link at the time of starting, each gateway node retains half of the encrypted communication channel key, and generates an actual channel encryption key through an ECDH (elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman) key exchange algorithm, the encryption key only exists in the memory of the gateway node, and is not stored in a disk, thereby preventing the gateway node from being attacked by the outside.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a gateway node in a block chain based inter-link system according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4, the gateway node 70 includes a cross-link docking device 31, a cross-link control device 32, a cross-link adaptation device 33, a message forwarding device 34, and a key management device 35. In an embodiment of the present invention, the gateway node is identical to the inter-link gateway node, and only the gateway node is described here, and the inter-link gateway node is identical to this, which is not described herein again.
Wherein, the cross-chain interfacing means 31 is configured to send a cross-chain request, where the cross-chain request is from the verification node or a cross-chain gateway node;
the cross-chain control device 32 is configured to distribute the cross-chain request to the cross-chain adaptation device, the message forwarding device, and the key management device.
The cross-link control device is a main control unit of the gateway node, and the cross-link request end and the receiving end are both identified by a unique binary group < N, F >. Wherein N is the name of the service chain, is the chain identification which can be sensed by the user, is related to the service and is easy to remember. For example, the business chain provided by the banking institution can be named as a worker chain, a rural chain and the like according to the bank name, and the bridge chain for clearing provided by the commercial bank of the people's bank behavior can be named as a pedestrian chain and the like. F is the intelligent contract ID in the service chain, and the service chain has a unique code. Multiple business chains may be identified as < business chain 1, intelligent contract 1>, < business chain 2, intelligent contract 2>, etc. As shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Service chain name Intelligent contract ID Certificate (public key)
Service chain 1 Contract 1 Cert1.x509
Service chain 2 Contract 2 Cert2.x509
Service chain 3 Contract 3 Cert3.x509
Service chain 4 Contract 4 Cert4.x509
……… ………
Cross-chain requester specifies a binary identification of a cross-chain receiver in a cross-chain transaction<Nt,Ft>And simultaneously attaches the binary group identification of the cross-chain request end<Ns,Fs>The identification serves as the destination address for the cross-chain request reply. And the main control unit routes the corresponding message to the corresponding bridge link gateway node according to the request and the responded binary information.
The cross-chain adapting device 33 is used for performing standardized conversion on the format of the cross-chain request and cross-chain protocol adaptation conversion. Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a cross-chain adaptation apparatus in a block chain-based cross-chain interconnection system according to an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 5, in which the cross-chain adaptation apparatus 33 includes an interface adaptation module 331 and a protocol conversion module 332.
The interface adaptation module 331 is configured to perform standardized conversion on request API data in the two block chains subjected to inter-chain request docking. That is, the interface adaptation module 331 is a module for performing standardized conversion on the cross-link request packet in the gateway node, and undertakes standardized conversion of the request API data in two block chains in cross-link docking, such as format conversion mapping of JSON packet, XML, WebService, and the like. For example, the cross-link request end transaction request is in a JSON message format, and the format that needs to be accessed by the request end at the adaptation layer requires conversion of XML or other formats, so that the cross-link request can be normally processed at the cross-link end.
The protocol conversion module 332 is configured to convert the communication protocol of the cross-link request. That is, the protocol conversion module 332 is a module in the gateway node for implementing the conversion of the inter-link request communication protocol, such as the conversion between different types of communication protocols, such as HTTP, MQTT, TCP, and gRPC. For example, a cross-link request end submits a request based on an HTTP protocol, and a cross-link receiver receives the request based on a gRPC protocol, so that the protocol of the request end needs to be converted according to the protocol format of the receiver.
The message forwarding device 34 is configured to process the communication packet corresponding to the cross-link request. Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a gateway node in a block chain-based inter-link system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 6, the message forwarding device 34 includes a block chain docking module 341 and a gateway routing module 342. The blockchain docking module 341 and the gateway routing module 342 perform bidirectional forwarding of data through the cross-chain control device 32.
The block chain docking module 341 is configured to process the communication packet corresponding to the cross-chain request, perform cross-chain transaction signature, and send signature information as a domain of the cross-chain request to the gateway routing module for request forwarding. That is, the blockchain docking module 341 is a key module for connecting the service chain and the gateway node, the blockchain docking module 341 logically belongs to a non-consensus node in the service chain, and all communication packets in the service chain can reach the blockchain docking module 341, and the node only processes the communication request packet across the chain. Only the cross-link transaction in the service chain triggers a new cross-link request assembled by the docking module 341, performs cross-link transaction signature by using the service chain own private key, and sends the signature information as a domain of the cross-link transaction request to the gateway routing module 342 for request forwarding.
The gateway routing module 342 is configured to check the signature information, and perform routing forwarding on the packet according to the cross-link binary receiving end information after the signature passes through the check module. That is, the gateway routing module 342 is a key module for performing routing interconnection on different gateway nodes in the inter-link gateway, a forwarding system of a mesh interconnection route may be formed inside the inter-link gateway through the gateway routing module 342, and all response communication packets in the target service chain are returned through the gateway routing module 342. The gateway routing module 342 checks the label of the transaction request information for the cross-link transaction request in the initiated service chain by using the X509 certificate registered when the service chain is started, and performs routing forwarding of the message according to the receiving end information of the cross-link routing binary group after the label check is passed. A plurality of nodes in the cross-link gateway form a chain network, so that the common identification and the evidence storage of all transactions processed by the cross-link gateway can be realized, and the transaction information is stored in the cross-link bridging link.
The key management means 35 is used to establish an encrypted channel.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a gateway node in a block chain-based inter-linked system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 7, the key management apparatus 35 includes a certificate module 351 and an encryption/decryption module 352.
The certificate module 351 is used for verifying the validity of the certificate;
the encryption and decryption module 352 is configured to perform key operation on an encrypted channel. Specifically, the encryption/decryption module 352 is a module for encrypting and decrypting message data, where the received data packet is decrypted and verified with a public key and a private key, and the sent data packet is encrypted with a private key. And meanwhile, the method is responsible for the operation of a key ECDH of an encryption channel of the current gateway node, and each gateway node is ensured to only reserve half of the encryption key of the encryption channel.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of key separation storage in the embodiment provided by the present invention, and as shown in fig. 10, a channel key is separately stored, and is divided into two pairs of public and private keys, which are respectively stored on gateway nodes of both communication parties. When the encryption device is used, the two separated public and private keys are used for obtaining a shared key through a key exchange algorithm, and then encryption and decryption operations are carried out by using the shared key and a symmetric encryption algorithm. The key exchange is performed by the ECDH algorithm.
When the encryption and decryption module 352 calculates the shared key ShareKey, first, the encryption private key PrivateKey is read from the local gateway node, then the public key data PublicKey corresponding to the current encryption channel is obtained from the opposite gateway node through the key management device 35, and according to the ECDH key exchange principle, the shared key ShareKey corresponding to the channel can be calculated in the encryption and decryption module 352:
ShareKey＝PrivateKey*PublicKey
the shared channel key ShareKey is cached in the encryption and decryption module 352 after being calculated, and the shared channel key disappears after the machine is powered off and restarted, so that the key exchange calculation needs to be performed again. Since half of the secret keys are stored in each pair of encryption gateways, the method can ensure the safety of the channel encryption data.
Specifically, first, two public parameters, i.e., a common elliptic curve E, an order N, and a base point G, are defined. The encryption and decryption modules 352 in the gateway nodes of both communication parties store a private key X respectivelyAAnd XBAnd are two random large integers. The corresponding public key can be calculated according to the following formula:
PA＝XA*G
PB＝XB*G
wherein, represents the 'dot product' operation in the elliptic curve algorithm, PB＝XBG denotes the movement X on the curve starting from the base point GBThen, obtain point YB. Encryption/decryption module 352 exchanges public key P through communicationAAnd PBThe shared key is calculated as follows.
QA＝XA*PB
QB＝XB*PA
According to the combination law and the interchange law of the point multiplication operation of the elliptic curve:
QA＝XA*PB＝XA*(XB*G)＝XB*(XA*G)＝XB*PA＝QB
QBi.e., the key used by the encryption and decryption module 352 to encrypt and decrypt encrypted channel data. QBThe key is not stored persistently, and can be cached in the memory according to the security level requirement or recalculated after each use, so that the risk of key leakage is effectively reduced.
In summary, the present invention provides a block chain-based inter-link interconnection system, which realizes mutual access between alliance chains of a plurality of different block chain technologies by introducing a bridging gateway chain, and can achieve the goal of decentralization and tamper resistance because the bridging gateway chain is also a block chain, thereby achieving the fusion of a plurality of block chains, solving the problem of information isolated islands between a plurality of block chain systems, and accelerating the application and popularization of the block chain technology.
Furthermore, although in the above detailed description several unit modules of the system are mentioned, this division is not mandatory only. Indeed, the features and functions of two or more of the units described above may be embodied in one unit, according to embodiments of the invention. Also, the features and functions of one unit described above may be further divided into embodiments by a plurality of units. The terms "module" and "unit" used above may be software and/or hardware that realizes a predetermined function. While the modules described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementations in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware are also possible and contemplated.
Having described the blockchain-based inter-chaining system of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a method of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The implementation of the method can be referred to the above overall implementation, and repeated details are not repeated.
Fig. 8 is a flowchart of a block chain-based inter-linking method according to an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 8, where the method includes:
s101: the cross-chain gateway receives a cross-chain transaction request of one service chain in a plurality of service chains, wherein the service chain is an initiator of cross-chain interconnection and is called as an initiating service chain.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a block chain-based inter-link system in an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 9, in which an initiated service chain is, for example, service chain 1.
In a specific embodiment, a verification node in an initiating service chain generates a cross-chain request binary < Ns, Fs > and receives a binary < Nt, Ft >, and a permission control module in a permission management node is used to sign a cross-chain transaction. The cross-chain gateway receives a cross-chain transaction request from an originating business chain.
S102: and acquiring a corresponding certificate and a public key according to the cross-chain transaction request, and checking the cross-chain transaction request.
S103: and when the check label passes, routing the cross-chain transaction request to a corresponding target service chain, wherein the target service chain is a receiver of cross-chain interconnection and is one of a plurality of service chains. Referring to fig. 9, in this embodiment, the target service chain is, for example, service chain 2.
S104: and receiving a transaction processing result returned by the target service chain, wherein the transaction processing result is generated by the target service chain according to the cross-chain transaction request. In one embodiment of the invention, after receiving a cross-link transaction forwarded by a cross-link gateway, a target service chain verifies that an encrypted cross-link transaction uses a private key of the target service chain by using an authority management node of the target service chain, triggers a cross-link request to submit in the target service chain after the verification is passed, completes consensus and contract execution in a transaction consensus and execution device, and finally returns a transaction processing result to the original route according to a request binary group < Ns, Fs >.
The present invention also provides a computer device comprising: the system comprises a processor and a storage device, wherein the processor is suitable for realizing instructions, the storage device stores a plurality of instructions, and the instructions are suitable for being loaded by the processor and executing a method of block chain-based cross-chain interconnection.
The invention also provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the method for block chain based inter-link crossing.
The following describes the technical solution of the present invention in detail through specific embodiments provided by the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a block chain-based inter-link system in an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 9, in which there are three service chains in the embodiment, inter-link interconnection is performed between a service chain 1 and a service chain 2, specifically, an originating service chain is the service chain 1, and a target service chain is the service chain 2. Fig. 11 is a flowchart of the block chain cross-chain interconnection between the service chain 1 and the service chain 2, please refer to fig. 11, and the interaction process includes:
s201: and the transaction meeting the cross-chain triggering condition in the service chain 1 triggers the generation of a cross-chain transaction application, and generates a rollback conflict orthogonal transaction at the same time when the cross-chain transaction is generated, and if a cross-chain transaction response is not received within the set cross-chain overtime, the subsequent closed-loop processing of calling the rollback conflict positive transaction to perform cross-chain failure is performed.
S202: the verification node in the service chain 1 generates a cross-chain request binary < Ns, Fs > and receives a binary < Nt, Ft >, and an authority control module in the authority management node is used for signing cross-chain transactions.
S203: the cross-chain gateway receives a cross-chain application from the service chain 1.
S204: and a key management device in the cross-chain gateway acquires a corresponding certificate and a public key according to the name of the request service chain 1 of the request binary group < Ns, Fs >, and checks and signs the signed cross-chain request.
S205: and the gateway routing module in the cross-chain gateway routes the cross-chain application to the receiving gateway node according to the information of the destination binary group < Nt, Ft >.
S206: the cross-chain adapting device calls the interface adapting module and the protocol conversion module to perform corresponding communication protocol conversion and message format conversion, generates a new cross-chain request and uses the public key of the service chain 2 to perform encryption request forwarding to the target service chain 2.
S207: and the cross-link gateway reorganizes the transaction request with the matched format in the new service chain 2 and sends the transaction request to the service chain 2 to realize the call of the cross-link request.
S208: after receiving the cross-link transaction forwarded by the cross-link gateway, the service chain 2 verifies that the encrypted cross-link transaction uses the private key of the service chain by using the authority management node of the service chain 2, triggers the cross-link request to submit in the service chain 2 after the verification is passed, completes the execution of consensus and contract in the transaction consensus and execution device, and finally returns the transaction processing result to the original route according to the request binary group < Ns, Fs >.
Fig. 12 is a flowchart of a method for interconnecting block chains across chains in embodiment 2, please refer to fig. 12, which includes:
s301: and the external user submits a user name and a password to the authority management node, logs in and submits a transaction request.
S302: the verification nodes in the service chain 1 receive transaction requests from external users through the transaction data receiving and sending device, the transaction consensus and execution device generates a unique serial number for each transaction after message analysis and signature verification, the unique serial number is used for tracking in the whole cross-chain transaction processing process, then the transaction consensus and execution device runs a consensus algorithm among the verification nodes, and the number of transactions in the current block and the execution sequence of each transaction are determined. The main control unit device controls the transaction consensus and execution device to call the corresponding intelligent contract to execute according to the intelligent contract ID in the transaction request.
S303: the transaction consensus and execution device receives the calling instruction and the calling parameter sent by the main control device and calls the execution of the internal intelligent contract. The format and definition of the contract invocation are as follows:
Invoke(stub,function,args)
the stub is a container support interface provided by the intelligent contract execution sandbox, the function is a contract function name needing to be called, and the args is an input parameter corresponding to the contract function. In the execution process of the intelligent contract, if interconnection and intercommunication with the service chain 2 are needed, and state data in the service chain 2 is updated or acquired, a cross-chain request needs to be sent.
S304: when the transaction consensus and execution device finds that the transaction consensus and execution device needs to interact with the service chain 2, the transaction consensus and execution device firstly suspends the processing process of the transaction consensus and execution device, and sends a cross-chain call request to a block chain docking module in the gateway node through the transaction data receiving and sending device. The block chain docking module adopts a Byzantine fault tolerant (PBFT) algorithm to ensure the consistency of the transaction request message. Because the transaction consensus and execution devices of all verification nodes in the service chain 1 drive the same state machine and program codes of service processing when the intelligent contract is executed, and the initial states of all the verification nodes are consistent, when the intelligent contract executes programs in all the independent verification nodes, the cross-chain call request message is triggered in almost the same time. If the service chain 1 has 3f +1 verification nodes, the block chain docking module judges:
S305A: if the blockchain docking module does not collect the cross-chain call requests of 2f +1 nodes 1 in the service chain 1 within the timeout period, the blockchain docking module considers that the cross-chain requests do not meet the requirements, does not send the cross-chain requests, and directly responds to the transaction consensus and the request timeout error of the execution device 13. And the transaction consensus and execution device performs temporary data rollback after the confirmation fails and performs contract transaction integrity guarantee operation after the processing fails. When a cross-chain request is generated, a forward and reverse transaction function if the cross-chain fails is generated and pressed into a queue, when the cross-chain processing fails or the request is overtime, corresponding forward and reverse transactions in the queue are extracted and executed, and recovery and release actions related to accounts, funds and resources pre-locked in a local business chain 1 during cross-chain are completed, so that closed-loop operation of cross-chain request processing is achieved, manual intervention account checking and system recovery actions are reduced, and the object integrity of a cross-chain contract is guaranteed.
S305B: the block chain docking module sends a cross-chain transaction request to the service chain 2 after receiving a cross-chain call request message of at least 2f +1 nodes in the service chain 1. After judging that the conditions are met, a cross-chain control device in the cross-chain gateway node calls an internal cross-chain adapter device to complete the conversion of the format of the request message, then the transaction request message is forwarded to the cross-chain gateway node of the opposite end through an internal gateway routing module, and the request is forwarded to the service chain 2 through a block chain butt-joint module of the opposite end.
S306: the transaction consensus and execution device module in the verification node of the service chain 2 completes the transaction consensus of the cross-chain request and the execution of the cross-chain request in the intelligent contract, modifies the account book persistent data in the service chain 2, and finally synchronously returns the cross-chain processing result to the gateway routing module in the gateway node, wherein the gateway routing module adopts a Byzantine fault tolerant (PBFT) algorithm to identify the consistency of the cross-chain response message. Since the transaction consensus and execution devices of all verification nodes in the service chain 2 have the same state machine and program code of the intelligent contract in the intelligent contract, the initial state in each verification node is consistent after the intelligent contract is normally executed. When the intelligent contract executes programs in each independent verification node, the same cross-chain call response message is returned in almost the same time. If the service chain 2 has 3f +1 verification nodes, the block chain docking module judges:
S307A: the block chain docking module does not collect the cross-chain response messages of 2f +1 verification nodes in the service chain 2 in a lump within overtime time, and then considers that the cross-chain response failure does not meet the requirement, directly responds to a gateway routing module 342 cross-chain calling failure error, encrypts response data by using a key management device after protocol and format conversion of a cross-chain adapter device, finally reaches the verification node in the service chain 1, and performs temporary data rollback and contract transaction integrity guarantee operation after processing failure in a transaction consensus and execution device of the verification nodes in the service chain 1 after confirming the transaction failure. When the transaction consensus and execution device generates a cross-chain request, a conflict and forward transaction function which is failed in cross-chain is generated and pressed into a queue, and here, the cross-chain processing fails, the transaction consensus and execution device can extract and execute the conflict and forward transaction corresponding to the cross-chain transaction in the queue, and complete the recovery and release actions related to the account, the fund and the resources which are pre-locked in the local business chain 1 during cross-chain, so that the closed-loop operation of cross-chain request processing is achieved, manual intervention account checking and system recovery actions are reduced, and the object integrity guarantee of a cross-chain contract is realized.
S307B: after the block chain butt-joint module receives a cross-chain calling return message from at least 2f +1 verification nodes in the service chain 2, the response gateway routing module is successfully called, after protocol and format conversion of a cross-chain adapting device, a key management device is used for encrypting response data, and finally the verification nodes in the service chain 1 are successfully called. After receiving the cross-chain calling success request, the verification node in the service chain 1 wakes up the process of waiting for calling the cross-chain request in the intelligent contract in the transaction consensus and execution device, thereby completing the closed loop of the whole cross-chain processing whole flow.
In summary, the present invention provides a block chain based inter-link interconnection method, a block chain based inter-link interconnection system, a computer device, and a computer readable storage medium, which can implement direct data interconnection of a plurality of block chain technology platforms, eliminate a plurality of isolated alliance chain network connections, and better implement data isolation between different service layers by introducing a concept of inter-link gateway.
The invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. block chain interconnection: after a cross-chain access technology is introduced, mutual access among different alliance chains can be realized, block chain cross-chain fusion of different technical backgrounds in the real world is achieved, communication barriers among different block chains are broken, and the problem of information isolated islands among a plurality of block chain systems is solved.
2. Trust transfer and transfer: because the cross-chain customs belongs to two butted alliance chains, trust transfer and transfer between the interlinked alliance chains are realized in the execution process of the intelligent contract. The value exchange network of the block chain is reconstructed, and new vitality is brought to the block chain technology.
3. Data isolation and performance improvement: because the service data stored in different alliance chains represent different service meanings, the requirement of privacy protection also exists in the independent alliance chain, and the data isolation among a plurality of alliance chains can be realized through a chain crossing technology. Meanwhile, due to the existence of the cross-link gateway, parallel data consensus and intelligent contract execution can be performed among a plurality of alliance links, so that the concurrent execution capacity of the whole block link network is greatly enhanced, and the throughput of the block link network is improved.
Improvements to a technology can clearly be distinguished between hardware improvements (e.g. improvements to the circuit structure of diodes, transistors, switches, etc.) and software improvements (improvements to the process flow). However, as technology advances, many of today's process flow improvements have been seen as direct improvements in hardware circuit architecture. Designers almost always obtain the corresponding hardware circuit structure by programming an improved method flow into the hardware circuit. Thus, it cannot be said that an improvement in the process flow cannot be realized by hardware physical modules. For example, a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), is an integrated circuit whose Logic functions are determined by programming the Device by a user. A digital system is "integrated" on a PLD by the designer's own programming without requiring the chip manufacturer to design and fabricate application-specific integrated circuit chips. Furthermore, nowadays, instead of manually making an Integrated Circuit chip, such Programming is often implemented by "logic compiler" software, which is similar to a software compiler used in program development and writing, but the original code before compiling is also written by a specific Programming Language, which is called Hardware Description Language (HDL), and HDL is not only one but many, such as abel (advanced Boolean Expression Language), ahdl (alternate Language Description Language), traffic, pl (core unified Programming Language), HDCal, JHDL (Java Hardware Description Language), langue, Lola, HDL, laspam, hardbyscript Description Language (vhr Description Language), and the like, which are currently used by Hardware compiler-software (Hardware Description Language-software). It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that hardware circuitry that implements the logical method flows can be readily obtained by merely slightly programming the method flows into an integrated circuit using the hardware description languages described above.
The controller may be implemented in any suitable manner, for example, the controller may take the form of, for example, a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro) processor, logic gates, switches, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic controller, and an embedded microcontroller, examples of which include, but are not limited to, the following microcontrollers: the ARC625D, Atmel AT91SAM, Microchip PIC18F26K20, and Silicone Labs C8051F320, the memory controller may also be implemented as part of the control logic for the memory.
Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, in addition to implementing the controller as pure computer readable program code, the same functionality can be implemented by logically programming method steps such that the controller is in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Such a controller may thus be considered a hardware component, and the means included therein for performing the various functions may also be considered as a structure within the hardware component. Or even means for performing the functions may be regarded as being both a software module for performing the method and a structure within a hardware component.
The systems, devices, modules or units illustrated in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or by a product with certain functions.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various units by function, and are described separately. Of course, the functionality of the units may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware when implementing the present application.
From the above description of the embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present application can be implemented by software plus necessary general hardware platform. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application may be essentially or partially implemented in the form of software products, which may be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and include instructions for causing a computer system (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network system, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present application.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The application is operational with numerous general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. For example: personal computers, server computers, hand-held or portable systems, tablet-type systems, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics systems, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or systems, and the like.
The application may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The application may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing systems that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage systems.
While the present application has been described with examples, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the present application without departing from the spirit of the application, and it is intended that the appended claims encompass such variations and permutations without departing from the spirit of the application.

Claims (9)

1. A block chain-based cross-chain interconnection system is characterized in that the system comprises a cross-chain gateway node and a plurality of service chains, each service chain comprises an authority management node, a gateway node and a plurality of verification nodes, and the gateway nodes in the service chains and the cross-chain gateway node form a cross-chain gateway;
the cross-link gateway is used for realizing message format standardization and a cross-link conversion protocol among the service links, promoting adaptation and forwarding of cross-link messages and realizing mutual access and intercommunication of cross-link data;
the gateway node comprises a cross-chain docking device, a cross-chain control device, a cross-chain adapting device, a message forwarding device and a key management device;
wherein, the cross-chain docking device is used for sending a cross-chain request, and the cross-chain request comes from the verification node or the cross-chain gateway node;
the cross-chain control device is used for distributing the cross-chain request to the cross-chain adapting device, the message forwarding device and the key management device;
the cross-chain adapting device is used for carrying out standardized conversion and cross-chain protocol adapting conversion on the format of the cross-chain request;
the message forwarding device is used for processing the communication message corresponding to the cross-link request;
the key management device is used for establishing an encrypted channel.
2. The blockchain-based inter-link system of claim 1, wherein the verification node comprises a transaction data transceiver, a master control device, a transaction consensus and execution device, and a message transceiver;
the transaction data transceiver is used for receiving a cross-chain transaction request;
the main control device is used for distributing transaction data to the transaction consensus and execution device and the message receiving and transmitting device;
the transaction consensus and execution device is used for realizing the execution of the intelligent contract and the verification of contract rules according to the transaction data and the cross-chain transaction request;
the message transmitting and receiving device comprises a certificate module and an encryption and decryption module;
the certificate module is used for verifying the legality of the transaction and node certificate;
and the encryption and decryption module is used for carrying out public and private key decryption and verification on the received cross-link transaction request and carrying out private key encryption on the transmitted transaction data.
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the authority management node comprises a root certificate storage module, an authority control module and a certificate generation module;
the root certificate storage module is used for storing and managing a root certificate and a private key;
the authority control module is used for configuring authority information of a user, wherein the authority information comprises specific service chain access authority and chain-crossing request initiating authority, and the certificate generation module is called according to the authority information to generate a corresponding access transaction access certificate.
4. The blockchain-based inter-chaining system according to claim 1, wherein the inter-chaining adaptation means includes an interface adaptation module and a protocol conversion module;
the interface adaptation module is used for carrying out standardized conversion on request API data in two block chains subjected to cross-chain request docking;
and the protocol conversion module is used for converting the communication protocol of the cross-link request.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the message forwarding device comprises a block chain docking module and a gateway routing module;
the block chain docking module is used for processing the communication message corresponding to the cross-chain request, performing cross-chain transaction signature, and sending signature information serving as a domain of the cross-chain request to the gateway routing module for request forwarding;
and the gateway routing module is used for checking the signature of the signature information and forwarding the message by a route according to the cross-link routing binary group receiving end information after the signature passes the check.
6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the key management device comprises a certificate module and an encryption/decryption module;
the certificate module is used for verifying the legality of the certificate;
and the encryption and decryption module is used for carrying out secret key operation of an encrypted channel.
7. A method for block chain based inter-chaining by the system of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
the method comprises the steps that a cross-chain gateway receives a cross-chain transaction request of one service chain in a plurality of service chains, wherein the service chain is an initiator of cross-chain interconnection and is called as an initiating service chain;
acquiring a corresponding certificate and a public key according to the cross-chain transaction request, and checking the cross-chain transaction request;
when the check label passes, routing the cross-chain transaction request to a corresponding target service chain, wherein the target service chain is a receiver of cross-chain interconnection and is one of a plurality of service chains except for an initiated service chain;
and receiving a transaction processing result returned by the target service chain, wherein the transaction processing result is generated by the target service chain according to the cross-chain transaction request.
8. A computing device, wherein the computing device comprises: a processor adapted to implement instructions and a storage device storing a plurality of instructions, the instructions adapted to be loaded by the processor and to perform the method of blockchain based inter-chaining of cross-chaining as claimed in claim 7.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of block chain based inter-chain crossing as claimed in claim 7.
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