NL2026382B1 - Blockchain system - Google Patents
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Abstract
This application provides a blockchain system, including a P2P network in a peer-to-peer manner. Nodes in the P2P network are respectively deployed as public-chain nodes or various types of access-chain nodes. According to a role or function of the nodes in a blockchain network, the nodes are deployed as one or more of the following logic layers: a data block layer, a network exchange layer, a platform frame layer, a decentralized application layer, and a cross-domain layer. Each layer independently performs data operations within the layer, and may generate, verify, and store block data in a transaction through data exchange between the layers. Moreover, a problem that a conventional blockchain system does not support cross-chain transactions is resolved by deploying the cross-domain layer, managing the cross-chain transactions and transaction verifications, and providing a cross-chain smart contract.
Description
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 1 Our Ref: OC183554NL-AWP0004
[0001] This application relates to the technical field of network transactions, and in particular, to a blockchain system.
[0002] A blockchain technology is decentralized system thinking, and can create a relatively objective non-repudiation digital environment in a well-known manner. The blockchain technology can make sure that network information cannot be modified once being published. For example, if a transaction occurs in a blockchain network, a node in the blockchain network IO may record content of the transaction in a generated block, and broadcast block data in the whole network; and other nodes in the network store the block data synchronously or asynchronously, to form a blockchain that cannot be modified.
[0003] Applications of the blockchain technology depend on a blockchain system. As shown in FIG 1, the blockchain system includes a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, an excitation layer, a contract layer, and an application layer. The data layer packages a bottom-layer data block and a basic data algorithm. The network layer connects all network nodes in a distributed networking manner to form a peer-to-peer network, to propagate and verify data. The consensus layer packages various types of consensus algorithms. The excitation layer integrates economic factors, to formulate issuing and allocation mechanisms. The contract layer provides scripts, algorithms, and smart contracts. The application layer packages a specific application scenario.
[0004] An actual transaction process in the system needs to be completed on a blockchain platform. Moreover, all blockchain platforms are designed for a certain application scenario, and no effective mechanism is unified between different chains (blockchain platforms) to
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 2 Our Ref: OC183554NL-AWP0004 communicate and interact. A plurality of blockchain platforms provide different capability sets, to implement different transactions. Due to endogeneity, work and content completed by the blockchain platform are all based on scenarios and applications within the blockchain, and it 1s difficult to support external transactions. In other words, it is difficult for an existing blockchain system to implement cross-blockchain platform (cross-chain) and cross-domain (cross-domain) transactions.
[0005] To implement a cross-chain transaction, the existing blockchain system may further provide relay services, such as a solution of BTC Relay that relays a bitcoin blockchain and an Ethereum smart contract. In view of the above, existing cross-chain solutions are all achieving relay services in a one-to-one manner for particular blockchains. However, there are various types of blockchain platforms and transactions in reality, and new blockchains and platforms keep appearing. As a result, there are various types of cross-chain transactions. It 1s difficult to formulate a specific one-to-one relaying solution for each type of cross-chain transaction. Therefore, how to provide a unified blockchain system to support various types of blockchain platforms and support cross-chain transactions and to communicate and interact between different chains becomes a technical problem that needs to be urgently resolved in this field.
[0006] This application provides a blockchain system, to resolve a problem that a conventional blockchain system does not support cross-chain transactions and cannot communicate and interact between different chains.
[0007] This application provides a blockchain system, including a P2P network, where nodes in the P2P network are respectively deployed as public-chain nodes or various types of access-chain nodes, and according to a role or function of the nodes in a blockchain, the nodes are deployed as one or more of the following logic layers:
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 3 Our Ref: OC183554NL-AWP0004
[0008] a data block layer, including a sequenced collection based on a physical data block, configured to provide distributed data storage and data reading of a whole blockchain network;
[0009] a network exchange layer, including a network infrastructure and various types of communication protocols, and configured to implement discovery, networking, and communication between distributed nodes in the blockchain network;
[0010] a platform frame layer, including a plurality of blockchain platforms that are connected to the blockchain network, configured to provide a basic blockchain function and framework, and to register and discover a cross-chain mutual function;
[0011] a decentralized application layer, including a set of application programs installed JO innetwork environment and supporting establishing a third-party decentralized application program, configured to create, deploy, interconnect and use applications; and
[0012] a cross-domain layer, including a transaction server, configured to manage a cross-chain transaction and a transaction verification and to provide a cross-chain smart contract.
[0013] Optionally, in the blockchain system, the layers independently perform data operations, and transfer data operation results through formatted interfaces between the layers.
[0014] Optionally, the data block layer, the network exchange layer, the platform frame layer, and the decentralized application layer are deployed in any node; and the cross-domain layer is deployed on a common node that maintains two or more than two blockchain networks.
[0015] Optionally, data operations at same layers between any nodes and at a same layer are deployed through distributed applications; and data operations at different layers within the node are deployed through different applications.
[0016] Optionally, the data block layer is connected to the network exchange layer through a
EP&C ef: P34725NL00 4 Our Ref: OC183554NL-AWP0004 data interface;
[0017] the node that is deployed as the data block layer sends generated transaction information to the network exchange layer; and
[0018] the node that is deployed as the data block layer further receives and reads the transaction information from the network exchange layer by using the data interface, and stores the transaction information in a memory.
[0019] Optionally, the network exchange layer is connected to the platform frame layer through a network interface.
[0020] Optionally, the platform frame layer is connected to the decentralized application layer through a contract interface and/or an application programmable interface:
[0021] the application program in the decentralized application layer uses the platform frame layer as a development environment, and accesses the platform frame layer through the application programmable interface; and
[0022] if transaction information generated by the data block layer includes smart contract information, the smart contract information is further sent to the platform frame layer by using the contract interface, so that the transaction information is processed by using the application program.
[0023] Optionally, the decentralized application layer is connected to the cross-domain layer through an application interface; and
[0024] the transaction server in the cross-domain layer invokes the application program in the decentralized application layer by using the application interface, to implement a cross-chain transaction.
[0025] Optionally, the cross-domain layer is further connected to the platform frame layer through a contract interface and/or an application programmable interface; and
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 5 Our Ref: OC183554NL-AWP0004
[0026] when implementing the cross-chain transaction, the cross-domain layer provides a cross-chain smart contract for a blockchain platform in the platform frame layer by using the contract interface.
[0027] Optionally, the access-chain nodes respectively belong to a plurality of blockchain networks connected to a public chain, and the blockchain network connected to the public chain includes a subchain, an industry chain, and a federated chain that are based on an interface specification of the public-chain node, and a third-party public chain, a third-party industry chain, a third-party federated chain, and a third-party private chain.
[0028] It may be learned from the foregoing technical solutions that this application provides a blockchain system, including a P2P network in a peer-to-peer manner. Nodes in the P2P network are respectively deployed as public-chain nodes or various types of access-chain nodes. According to a role or function of the nodes in the blockchain network, the nodes are deployed as one or more of the following logic layers: a data block layer, a network exchange layer, a platform frame layer, a decentralized application layer, and a cross-domain layer. Each layer independently performs data operations within the layer, and may generate, verify, and store block data in a transaction through data exchange between the layers. Moreover, a problem that a conventional blockchain system does not support cross-chain transactions is resolved by deploying the cross-domain layer, managing the cross-chain transactions and transaction verifications, and providing a cross-chain smart contract.
[0029] To more clearly describe the technical solutions of this application, the accompanying drawings to be used in the embodiments are briefly illustrated below. Obviously, persons of ordinary skills in the art can also derive other accompanying drawings according to these accompanying drawings without creative efforts.
EP&C ef: P34725NL00 6 Our Ref: OC183554NL-AWP0004
[0030] FIG 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing blockchain system;
[0031] FIG 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a blockchain system according to this application;
[0032] FIG 3 is a schematic structural diagram of connections between logic layers in a blockchain system according to this application;
[0033] FIG 4 is a schematic connection diagram of a blockchain network according to this application;
[0034] FIG 5 is a schematic flowchart of a performing a transaction according to this application;
[0035] FIG 6 is a schematic flowchart of a performing a cross-chain transaction according to this application; and
[0036] FIG 7 1s a schematic flowchart of a cross-chain transaction based on a public chain according to this application.
[0037] Embodiments are described below in detail, and examples thereof are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the descriptions below relate to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise stated, same numbers in different accompanying drawings indicate same or similar elements. Implementations described in the following embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with this application. Merely examples of a system and a method that are described in detail in the claims and in accordance with some aspects of this application are provided.
[0038] In technical solutions provided in this application, in one aspect, a blockchain refers to accounting data generated in a transaction in a network system; and in another aspect, the blockchain refers to a network running a blockchain technology, that is, a blockchain network.
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 7 Our Ref: OC183554NL-AWP0004 The blockchain network refers to a peer-to-peer (P2P) network that has a decentralized application architecture. The blockchain network can perform distributed storage, public consensus, digital encryption, transaction accounting, and verifications. In other words, the blockchain network is a transaction platform that covers a distributed technology, the cryptography, a P2P network architecture, and various consensus algorithms that may be applied.
[0039] A blockchain or blockchain information refers to accounting information generated based on transaction information when a transaction occurs in the blockchain network. That is, a plurality of specific transactions form a block, and a plurality of blocks form a blockchain. IO The blockchain network includes nodes that establish peer-to-peer network connections with each other. Each node is configured with a corresponding consensus mechanism, such as a smart contract; and has a sufficient operation capability, to perform a transaction verification and an accounting process. Interface specifications conforming to a unified standard are provided on the nodes, so that more nodes or other types of blockchain networks are accessed through the interface specifications.
[0040] Specifically, refer to FIG 2, FIG 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a blockchain system according to this application. Refer to FIG 3, FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of connections between logic layers in a blockchain system according to this application. A blockchain system provided in this application includes a P2P network in a peer-to-peer manner. The P2P network is composed of a plurality of nodes, and each node has an operation capability, an application running capability, a storage capability, and a capability of providing human computer interactions. In actual applications, the node in the P2P network not only is a gateway device that transfers network information, but may also be any computer device that is authenticated by the blockchain network, such as a personal computer, a computer unit, a
EP&C ef: P34725NL00 8 Our Ref: OC183554NL-AWP0004 server, or an intelligent terminal device.
[0041] In the technical solutions provided in this application, as shown in FIG 4, the blockchain network includes a public chain network that provides a basic platform, and another blockchain network that accesses the public chain network, that is, an access-chain network. To implement the foregoing manner, the nodes in the P2P network in this application are respectively deployed as public-chain nodes or various types of access-chain nodes. The public chain network and the access-chain network may be further divided into a public chain, a subchain, and a private chain according to a scale of the blockchain network. According to applications fields of the blockchain network, the public chain network and the access-chain network may also be further divided into a public chain, an industry chain, and a federated chain, and a third-party public chain (such as a bitcoin network or an Ethereum network), a third-party industry chain, and a third-party federated chain. In this application, each blockchain network is composed of a different quantity of nodes, and can independently complete a transaction, a verification, and storage within the network.
[0042] Further, because the public chain in this application serves as a basic platform and has a cross-chain transferring function, an information relaying function, and a connection function, standard interfaces with a unified specification are configured on the nodes in the public chain. The access chain, as a blockchain system having a particular function with respect to the public chain, may be a subchain that is developed based on an interface specification of the public-chain node, and a third-party blockchain network. Therefore, in some embodiments of this application, the access-chain nodes respectively belong to a plurality of blockchain networks connected to the public chain, and the blockchain network connected to the public chain includes a subchain, an industry chain, and a federated chain that are based on the interface specification of the public-chain node, and a third-party public
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 9 Our Ref: OC183554NL-AWP0004 chain, a third-party industry chain, a third-party federated chain, and a third-party private chain.
[0043] It may be learned from FIG 2 and FIG 3 that in the blockchain system provided in this application, according to a role or function of the nodes in the blockchain, the nodes are deployed as one or more of the following logic layers:
[0044] a data block layer, including a sequenced collection based on a physical data block, configured to provide distributed data storage and data reading of a whole blockchain network;
[0045] a network exchange layer, including a network infrastructure and various types of communication protocols, and configured to implement discovery, networking, and communication between distributed nodes in the blockchain network;
[0046] a platform frame layer, including a plurality of blockchain platforms that are connected to the blockchain network, configured to provide a basic blockchain function and framework, and to register and discover a cross-chain mutual function;
[0047] a decentralized application layer, including a set of application programs installed innetwork environment and supporting establishing a third-party decentralized application program, configured to create, deploy, interconnect and use applications; and
[0048] a cross-domain layer, configured to manage a cross-chain transaction and a transaction verification and to provide a cross-chain smart contract.
[0049] In the technical solutions provided in this application, the data block layer, the network exchange layer, the platform frame layer, the decentralized application layer, and the cross-domain layer keep many-to-many correspondence relationships to each node. In other words, one layer may be independently deployed by one node, or may be deployed by a plurality of nodes together. However, one node may be deployed as functions or roles of one layer, or may be deployed as functions or roles of a plurality of layers at the same time. For
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 10 Our Ref: OC1833554NL-AWP0004 example, for the nodes in the blockchain system, the data block layer, the network exchange layer, the platform frame layer, the decentralized application layer, and the cross-domain layer may be deployed at the same time. In this way, such nodes may participate in all data processing processes during a transaction in the network system. Moreover, one node may also independently serve as the data block layer. In other words, only a sequenced collection based on a physical data block is deployed in this node, so as to implement distributed data storage and data reading functions when a transaction occurs.
[0050] It may be learned from the layers described above that in this application, the data block layer 1s mainly configured to provide distributed data storage and data reading of the JO whole blockchain network, that is, generate formatted standard data according to transaction information, so as to read and process between the layers; and store data generated by the layers or store final result data of the transaction.
[0051] Further, the data block layer mainly includes the following functions or operations: data storage, data indexing, data reading, data backup, data security setting and authentication, data permission setting and authentication, data verification, data splitting, and the like. Correspondingly, the node that is deployed as the data block layer needs to include a data storage device, such as a hard disk, to store data files, and may be further configured to form a database.
[0052] The network exchange layer is deployed with a network application program therein, to implement network registration, network discovery, network verification, network grouping, networking routing, and network transmission. Therefore, the node that is deployed as the network exchange layer needs to store various types of network protocols.
[0053] The platform frame layer is deployed with a virtual machine and various types of contracts and accounts, to provide a development environment and a message channel, and to
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 1 Our Ref: OC183534NL-AWP0004 perform control-related operations for setting the transaction, fees, a blockchain format, a transaction state, transaction consensus, data encryption and decryption, and a storage manner, thus ensuring normativity and correctness of a data transaction.
[0054] The decentralized application layer, as an application layer, is deployed with application programs that are applied to various fields, such as: electronic commerce, crowdfunding platforms, gate transactions, financial management, article transactions, market transactions, a social system, a small-scale DAO system, the Internet of Things, and other management platforms or application programs. In the technical solutions provided in this application, a decentralized application refers to an application program, in the blockchain system, that is installed on a node that is configured as the decentralized application layer or installed in the network environment. A basic algorithm and a specific process of the application program are well known in the whole network, and a data processing process thereof 1s not controlled and modified by a central device, such as being controlled by a server.
[0055] For the cross-domain layer, the node that 1s configured as the cross-domain layer needs to store a consensus contract and be provided with a normative access interface, so as to complete a cross-chain transaction, a cross-chain verification, cross-cham contract configuration, cross-chain value discovery, subchain/third-party access chain management, and other cross-chain services.
[0056] In the blockchain system provided in this application, the layers independently perform data operations, and transfer data operation results through formatted interfaces between the layers. For example, the data block layer independently stores, reads, and sets data, and a process of generating a data file would not be controlled and affected by any other layers. Moreover, in actual applications, the data block layer generates corresponding data such as a transaction or a contract based on a specific application scenario, and transfers a data
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 12 Our Ref: OC1833554NL-AWP0004 operation result through the formatted interface between the layers.
[0057] As shown in FIG 2, in some embodiments of this application, the data block layer is connected to the network exchange layer through a data interface. Moreover, the node that 1s deployed as the data block layer sends generated transaction information to the network exchange layer; and the node that is deployed as the data block layer further receives and reads the transaction information from the network exchange layer by using the data interface, and stores the transaction information in a memory. In this embodiment, the data interface (DI) 1s a unified DI interface provided by the data block layer for the external. Other layers, mainly the network exchange layer and the platform frame layer, directly interconnect to and communicate with the data block layer based on the data interface DI. Further, the data interface may provide the following types of interface sets, such as data generation (DIG), data storage (DIS), data query (DIQ), data reading (DIR), and data deletion (DID).
[0058] The network exchange layer is connected to the platform frame layer through a network interface. The network interface (NI) is a unified NI interface provided by the network exchange layer for the external. Other layers, such as the platform frame layer, directly complete network communication and data exchange based on this interface. The network interface provides the following types of interface sets, such as network discovery (NIQ), network registration (NIR), network access (NIC), data publication (NIP), data synchronization (NIS), and network grouping (NIG).
[0059] The platform frame layer is connected to the decentralized application layer through a contract interface and/or an application programmable interface. The application program in the decentralized application layer uses the platform frame layer as a development environment, and accesses the platform frame layer through the application programmable interface. Moreover, if transaction information generated by the data block layer includes
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 13 Our Ref: OC'183554NL-AWP0004 smart contract information, the smart contract information is further sent to the platform frame layer by using the contract interface, so that the transaction information is processed by using the application program.
[0060] The application programmable interface (API), as a catchall term of interfaces provided by the platform frame layer, enables all decentralized applications in the decentralized application layer to be developed, implemented, and deployed based on an interface of this layer. The application programmable interface mainly provides the following types of interface sets, such as a password interface, a consensus interface, an account interface, a state interface, a message interface, a channel interface, a data structure interface, a transaction interface, a fee interface, and a block interface, so as to transfer different types of data according to a specific operation manner of each type of decentralized application. A smart contract (CI) interface mainly provides the following types of interface sets, such as a virtual machine interface, the contract interface, and a publication management interface.
[0061] The decentralized application layer is connected to the cross-domain layer through an application interface. The transaction server in the cross-domain layer invokes the application program in the decentralized application layer by using the application interface, to implement a cross-chain transaction. In this application, the application interface (Al) may exist in a manner of a smart contract. In other words, a decentralized application or network may provide value and information exchanging capabilities through a standard smart contract.
[0062] In addition, in some embodiments of this application, to complete the cross-chain transaction, the cross-domain layer is further connected to the platform frame layer through a contract interface and/or an application programmable interface; and when implementing the cross-chain transaction, the cross-domain layer provides a cross-chain smart contract for a blockchain platform in the platform frame layer by using the contract interface.
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 14 Our Ref: OC1833554NL-AWP0004
[0063] In the blockchain system provided in this application, the data block layer, the network exchange layer, the platform frame layer, and the decentralized application layer are deployed in any node; and the cross-domain layer is deployed on a common node that maintains two or more than two blockchain networks. In other words, in the blockchain system provided in this application, any node may be configured to deploy the data block layer, the network exchange layer, the platform frame layer, and the decentralized application layer. Each layer merely requires the node in the system to have an operation capability and hardware configuration that are required by the corresponding layer.
[0064] For the public chain network, when there are sufficient nodes in the public chain network, the nodes may be divided into a plurality of parts. The plurality of parts are independent from each other, or may have some same nodes. Moreover, some of the nodes are used to configure a layer, and the other nodes are used to configure another layer. By means that different parts of nodes configure layers of different function, computing capabilities of all nodes in the public chain network may be fully utilized, to improve efficiencies of generating, operating, verifying, and storing data.
[0065] Data is relatively frequently transmitted between the foregoing data block layer, network exchange layer, platform frame layer, and decentralized application layer. Therefore, to improve data transmission efficiency, the foregoing four layers may be deployed in nodes in the network environment that are relatively close to each other. In addition, a node with high configuration of a hardware device may be configured as a layer having a plurality of roles or functions, for example, be configured to have functions of the data block layer, the network exchange layer, the platform frame layer, and the decentralized application layer at the same time. Moreover, a node with low configuration may be configured as a layer having a single function, for example, be configured as the network exchange layer only.
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 15 Our Ref.: OC'183554NL-AWP0004
[0066] A main function of the cross-domain layer is to implement the cross-chain transaction. Therefore, in this application, the cross-domain layer needs to be deployed on the common node that maintains two or more than two blockchain networks, that is, a node at which two blockchain networks are connected is preferentially configured with functions of 5S the cross-domain layer. In this embodiment, configuring the common node that maintains two or more than two blockchain networks with the functions of the cross-domain layer may facilitate cross-chain data transferring and verifications, to improve processing efficiency of the cross-chain transaction.
[0067] Further, when a blockchain network system performs a transaction operation, some nodes in the blockchain network system are randomly selected to serve as a combination of functions of one or more logic layers of the data block layer, the network exchange layer, the platform frame layer, the decentralized application layer, and the cross-domain layer. By randomly selecting a proper node as corresponding layer function, transaction data generated by each layer may be prevented from being manually modified. Further, in combination with an encryption algorithm, non-repudiation effects of blockchain data may be greatly improved. Moreover, configuring functions and roles of all nodes through a random selection may further reduce a quantity of nodes that need to participate in broadcasting and verifying the block data on the premise of ensuring data security, to improve verification efficiency of the transaction data and quicken an accounting process.
[0068] In some embodiments of this application, data operations at same layers between any nodes and at a same layer are deployed through distributed applications; and data operations at different layers within the node are deployed through different applications. The decentralized application (DAPP) is an application program applied to the network environment, and may configure a plurality of network nodes at the same time. Therefore, in this embodiment, data
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 16 Our Ref: OC1833554NL-AWP0004 operations at same layers between any nodes are deployed and completed through distributed applications, to ensure unity of the data operations in the deployed layers and reduce an error rate of the data. Moreover, for internal of a node, when the node 1s deployed with roles and functions of a plurality of layers at the same time, each layer corresponds to an application program. Therefore, when performing the data operations, respective data operations may be directly completed by using application programs corresponding to different layers within the node. In this way, the data operation in a layer is prevented from being frequently transferred between different nodes, thus improving data operation efficiency.
[0069] According to the foregoing blockchain network system, as shown in FIG 5, the JO blockchain network system performs the following program steps for a transaction operation.
[0070] S11. A node that serves as a transaction initiator generates a data block according to transaction information, and sends the data block to a platform frame layer through a network exchange layer.
[0071] S12: The platform frame layer invokes an application program in a decentralized application layer, and processes the data block by using the application program.
[0072] S13: The platform frame layer completes a transaction according to the data block by using the invoked application program, and generates accounting data in the platform frame layer.
[0073] S14: The platform frame layer sends the accounting data to a data block layer through the network exchange layer, to perform distributed storage.
[0074] It may be learned from the foregoing steps that according to the blockchain network system provided in this application, in actual applications, for a general transaction operation, the node that serves as a transaction initiator first generates a data block according to the transaction information, and sends the data block to the platform frame layer through the
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 17 Our Ref: OC'183554NL-AWP0004 network exchange layer; the platform frame layer subsequently processes the data block by invoking the application program in the decentralized application layer; and then the transaction Is completed according to the data block by using the platform frame layer, and accounting data is generated in the platform frame layer. Generating the accounting data refers to broadcasting and verifying in all nodes, to form a blockchain. Finally, the platform frame layer further sends the accounting data to the data block layer through the network exchange layer, to perform distributed storage, thus completing the transaction.
[0075] Further, as shown in FIG 6, the blockchain network system performs the following program steps for a cross-chain transaction operation.
[0076] S21: A node that serves as a transaction initiator generates a data block according to transaction information, and sends the data block to a platform frame layer through a network exchange layer.
[0077] S22: The platform frame layer invokes an application program in a decentralized application layer to process the data block, and determines a blockchain platform corresponding to a transaction target by using a cross-domain layer.
[0078] S23: The cross-domain layer completes a transaction by using the invoked application program according to the data block and the blockchain platform corresponding to the target, and generates accounting data in the platform frame layer.
[0079] S24: The platform frame layer sends the accounting data to a data block layer through the network exchange layer, to perform distributed storage.
[0080] It may be learned from the foregoing steps that during a cross-chain transaction in this application, the node that serves as a transaction initiator first generates a data block according to the transaction information, and sends the data block to the platform frame layer through the network exchange layer; and subsequently, the platform frame layer invokes the
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 18 Our Ref: OC1833554NL-AWP0004 application program in the decentralized application layer to process the data block, and meanwhile determines the transaction target, that is, a public chain network or a blockchain platform corresponding to an access chain of the public chain network, by using the cross-domain layer. After a transaction target chain is determined, the cross-domain layer completes the transaction by using the invoked application program according to the data block and the blockchain platform corresponding to the target, and generates the accounting data in the platform frame layer. Finally, the platform frame layer sends the accounting data to the data block layer through the network exchange layer, to perform distributed storage.
[0081] In view of the above, in the technical solutions provided in this application, for a case in which two or more than two chains need to be crossed during a transaction, the cross-domain layer needs to be invoked to find the transaction target chain and transfer the transaction data from a blockchain network that serves as the transaction initiator to a blockchain network that serves as the transaction target.
[0082] It should be noted that in the technical solutions provided in this application, a transaction may be determined as a cross-chain transaction, provided that the transaction is not completed in one blockchain network. For example, for a transaction occurring between a third-party public chain and a public chain, a transaction between an industry chain, a federated chain, and the public chain, a transaction between the public chain and a subchain, and the like, because two blockchain networks are crossed during a transaction process, the cross-chain transaction may be completed according to the foregoing steps. However, some transactions may cross more than two blockchain networks. For example, an industry chain performs a cross-chain transaction with another industry chain by using a public chain. For such a cross-chain transaction, the foregoing cross-chain transaction process may be first performed once between a first industry chain and the public chain; and then the foregoing
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 19 Our Ref: OC1833554NL-AWP0004 cross-chain transaction process is performed again between the public chain and a second industry chain, to complete the final cross-chain transaction.
[0083] To be specific, in the whole blockchain system, as shown in FIG 7, the cross-chain transaction is completed according to the following steps.
[0084] S31: A transaction initiating chain initiates a service transaction to a public chain.
[0085] S32: The public chain transfers the service transaction to a transaction target chain.
[0086] S33: The transaction target chain verifies a transaction condition, and returns service content to the public chain according to the received service transaction after the condition 1s verified to be qualified.
[0087] S34: The public chain transfers the service content to the transaction initiating chain.
[0088] In this embodiment, the cross-chain transaction is transferred by establishing a public chain. In this way, in actual applications, the cross-chain transaction between different chains may be implemented by establishing a network-wide public chain and accessing a blockchain network that participates in the transaction to the public chain.
[0089] It may be learned from the foregoing technical solutions that this application provides a blockchain system, including a P2P network in a peer-to-peer manner. Nodes in the P2P network are respectively deployed as public-chain nodes or various types of access-chain nodes. According to a role or function of the nodes in the blockchain network, the nodes are deployed as one or more of the following logic layers: the data block layer, the network exchange layer, the platform frame layer, the decentralized application layer, and the cross-domain layer. Each layer independently performs data operations within the layer, and may generate, verify, and store block data 1n a transaction through data exchange between the layers. Moreover, a problem that a conventional blockchain system does not support cross-chain transactions is resolved by deploying the cross-domain layer, managing the
EP&C ref: P34725NL00 20 Our Ref: OC1833554NL-AWP0004 cross-chain transactions and transaction verifications, and providing a cross-chain smart contract.
[0090] For similar parts between the embodiments provided in this application, reference may be made to each other. The specific implementations described above are merely some examples under a general concept of this application, and do not constitute any limitation to the protection scope of this application. For a person skilled in the art, any other implementations derived according to the solutions of this application without creative efforts all fall within the protection scope of this application.
Claims (10)
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