CN114221972A - Relay blockchain system and cross-chain transaction method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a relay block chain system and a cross-chain transaction method, and relates to the technical field of block chains. The relay block chain system includes: a network node configured to exchange data involved in a cross-chain transaction between a first blockchain system, a second blockchain system, and a relay blockchain system, wherein the cross-chain transaction involves the first blockchain and the second blockchain; a compute node configured to execute a cross-chain intelligent contract, generate an execution result, and generate a proof based on the execution result; and the consensus node is configured to verify the execution result of the cross-chain intelligent contract based on the proof, and store the information related to the execution result into the account book of the relay blockchain system if the verification is passed. By decoupling network communication, computation and consensus, the security of the system and the execution efficiency of the cross-chain intelligent contract are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of blockchain technologies, and in particular, to a relay blockchain system and a cross-chain transaction method.
Background
A cross-chain refers to a scenario where data or information is chained from one block to another. In the related art, some of the chain crossing technologies are implemented by using a relay chain. When the cross-chain intelligent contract is executed, the intelligent contract is generally directly operated in each blockchain system with cross-chain requirements or operated on a relay chain.
Disclosure of Invention
The inventor analyzes the related technology and finds that the related technology has the problems of low processing efficiency and poor data security in the relay chain-based cross-link transaction.
The embodiment of the invention aims to solve the technical problem that: how to improve the processing efficiency and the safety of cross-chain transaction.
According to a first aspect of some embodiments of the present invention there is provided a relay blockchain system comprising: a network node configured to exchange data involved in a cross-chain transaction between a first blockchain system, a second blockchain system, and a relay blockchain system, wherein the cross-chain transaction involves the first blockchain and the second blockchain; a compute node configured to execute a cross-chain intelligent contract, generate an execution result, and generate a proof based on the execution result; and the consensus node is configured to verify the execution result of the cross-chain intelligent contract based on the proof, and store the information related to the execution result into the account book of the relay blockchain system if the verification is passed.
In some embodiments, the compute nodes are provided with key management functionality and support security operations related to the keys.
In some embodiments, some or all of the compute nodes manage keys for cross-chain smart contracts.
In some embodiments, the computing node is further configured to generate a proof for proving the validity of the cross-chain intelligent contract; the consensus node is further configured to verify the proof of validity.
In some embodiments, the relay blockchain system further comprises: a memory configured to store an accounting book of the relay blockchain system.
According to a second aspect of some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method of cross-chain transactions, comprising: a network node of the relay blockchain system exchanges data related to cross-chain transactions among a first blockchain, a second blockchain and the relay blockchain, wherein the cross-chain transactions relate to the first blockchain and the second blockchain; the network node sends data required by executing the cross-link intelligent contract to a computing node in the relay block chain system; the computing node executes the cross-chain intelligent contract based on the data required by the execution of the cross-chain intelligent contract; the computing node sends information related to an execution result of executing the cross-chain intelligent contract and a certificate generated based on the execution result to a consensus node of the relay block chain system; the consensus node verifies information related to an execution result of the cross-chain intelligent contract based on the certification; in the case of passing the verification, the consensus node stores the information related to the execution result into the blockchain; the network node sends the execution result to the first blockchain system.
In some embodiments, exchanging data involved in cross-chain transactions between the first blockchain, the second blockchain, and the relay blockchain by the network node comprises: the method comprises the steps that a network node obtains a cross-chain transaction request sent by a first blockchain system, wherein the cross-chain transaction request comprises a cross-chain intelligent contract; the network node receives data sent by the second blockchain system required for executing the cross-chain intelligent contract.
In some embodiments, exchanging data involved in cross-chain transactions between the first blockchain, the second blockchain, and the relay blockchain by the network node further comprises: the network node also acquires block header information sent by the first block chain system; the network node generates a proof of the cross-chain transaction request; the network node sends the cross-chain transaction request, the blockhead information and the certification of the cross-chain transaction request to the second blockchain system, wherein the data required by the cross-chain intelligent contract is sent under the condition that the second blockchain system passes the verification of the certification of the cross-chain transaction request.
In some embodiments, executing a cross-chain intelligent contract by a compute node based on data required to execute the cross-chain intelligent contract comprises: the method comprises the steps that a computing node inquires the state of a cross-link intelligent contract from an account book of a relay block chain system; the computing node executes the cross-chain intelligent contract based on data required for executing the cross-chain intelligent contract and the state of the cross-chain intelligent contract.
In some embodiments, the state of the cross-chain intelligent contract is queried from the ledger of the relay blockchain system as encrypted data, and the computing node acquires the key from the computing node for managing the key and decrypts the key to obtain the state of the cross-chain intelligent contract.
In some embodiments, the information involved in the execution result is encrypted data of the state of the updated cross-chain intelligent contract.
Some embodiments of the above invention have the following advantages or benefits: embodiments of the present invention improve the structure of the relay blockchain system, decoupling network communications, computation, and consensus. By adopting the network node to communicate with the blockchain system participating in the cross-chain transaction, sensitive data can be prevented from being directly exposed to a provider of an intelligent contract, and the safety of the system is improved; by setting the computing node and the consensus node, the execution and the consensus of the intelligent contract can be completely separated, so that the computation and the storage can be processed in parallel, and the execution efficiency of the cross-chain intelligent contract between homogeneous or heterogeneous block chains is improved.
Other features of the present invention and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a relay blockchain system according to some embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of a method of cross-chain transactions, according to some embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a node of a relay blockchain system according to further embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a node of a relay blockchain system according to further embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise.
Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
After the inventor analyzes the data, it is found that, in the related art, each node in the relay block chain is not only responsible for data interaction, but also needs to process the execution of the intelligent contract and the consensus process. Therefore, the cost of the node is large, and the performance has a bottleneck; moreover, sensitive data is directly exposed to the provider of the smart contract, so that the data security is poor. In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a novel structure of relay blockchain system. An embodiment of the relay blockchain system of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1.
Fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a relay blockchain system according to some embodiments of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the relay blockchain system 10 of this embodiment includes a network node 110, a computing node 120, and a consensus node 130. One or more of each type of node.
The network node 110 is configured to exchange data involved in cross-chain transactions between the first blockchain system, the second blockchain system and the relay blockchain system, wherein the cross-chain transactions involve the first blockchain and the second blockchain.
In some embodiments, network node 110 performs intersystem interaction via Inter block chain Communication (IBC).
In some embodiments, the first blockchain system initiates a cross-chain transaction. The network node 110, upon receiving the cross-chain transaction request, communicates with the second blockchain system to obtain the relevant data.
In some embodiments, the data involved in the cross-chain transaction includes data related to intelligent contracts, data used for verification, and value data related to businesses. The intelligent contract-related data includes, for example, an identification of the intelligent contract, a code of the intelligent contract, and so on. Data used for authentication includes, for example, block header information, merkel (Merkle) certification, and the like.
The compute node 120 is configured to execute a cross-chain intelligent contract, generate an execution result, and generate a proof based on the execution result.
In some embodiments, the computing node 120 runs in a trusted execution environment. For example, the compute node 120 is provided with key management functionality and supports secure operations involving keys. Thus, the security of the intelligent contract execution process can be improved.
In some embodiments, some or all of the computing nodes 120 constitute a "key management committee" to manage keys for cross-chain smart contracts. Thus, the security of the intelligent contract execution process can be further improved.
The consensus node 130 is configured to verify the execution result of the cross-chain intelligent contract based on the proof, and if the verification is passed, store information related to the execution result into an account book of the relay blockchain system.
In some embodiments, the ledger of the relay blockchain system stores the state of the intelligent contract after each execution of the cross-chain intelligent contract. Therefore, the information related to the execution result includes, for example, the latest state of the intelligent contract, so that a more accurate and reliable execution result is obtained when the cross-chain intelligent contract is executed next time.
In some embodiments, the computing node 120 is further configured to generate a proof for proving the validity of the cross-chain intelligent contract, and the consensus node 130 is further configured to verify the proof of validity.
The above embodiments improve the structure of the relay blockchain system, decoupling network communication, computation and consensus. By adopting the network node to communicate with the blockchain system participating in the cross-chain transaction, sensitive data can be prevented from being directly exposed to a provider of an intelligent contract, and the safety of the system is improved; by setting the computing node and the consensus node, the execution and the consensus of the intelligent contract can be completely separated, so that the computation and the storage can be processed in parallel, and the execution efficiency of the cross-chain intelligent contract between homogeneous or heterogeneous block chains is improved.
In some embodiments, the relay blockchain system 10 further includes a memory 140 configured to store an ledger for the relay blockchain system.
In some embodiments, the relay blockchain system may be divided into a consensus layer, a trusted execution environment, and a network layer. The consensus node is deployed in a consensus layer, the network node is deployed in a network layer, and the storage functions involved by the compute nodes and the memory are deployed in a trusted execution environment. Therefore, the calculation and storage processes related to the sensitive information can be isolated from an external system, and the safety of calculation and storage is improved.
An embodiment of the cross-chain transaction method of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 2. In this embodiment, the cross-chain transaction relates to the first blockchain and the second blockchain, and the structure of the relay blockchain system is described in the foregoing embodiments and will not be described in detail later.
FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of a method of cross-chain transactions, according to some embodiments of the invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the cross-chain transaction method of this embodiment includes steps S202 to S214.
In step S202, the network node exchanges data involved in cross-link transactions among the first blockchain system, the second blockchain system, and the relay blockchain system.
In some embodiments, a network node acquires a cross-chain transaction request sent by a first blockchain system, wherein the cross-chain transaction request includes a cross-chain intelligent contract; the network node receives data, such as value data related to the service, etc., sent by the second blockchain system, needed to execute the cross-chain intelligent contract.
In some embodiments, the network node, when sending data to the second blockchain system, also attaches a certificate for the second blockchain system to authenticate: the network node further obtains block header information sent by the first blockchain system, where the block header is a block header of the first blockchain system, and includes, for example, identification information, a signature, a key, and the like of the first blockchain system; the network node generates a proof of the cross-chain transaction request, e.g., generates a merkel (Merkle) proof of the cross-chain transaction request; the network node sends the cross-chain transaction request, the blockhead information, and a proof of the cross-chain transaction request to a second blockchain system. When the second blockchain system passes verification of the proof of the cross-chain transaction request, data required by the cross-chain intelligent contract is returned to the network node of the relay blockchain system. Therefore, the second blockchain system returns data under the condition that the transaction is verified to be credible, and the safety of cross-chain transaction is improved.
In step S204, the network node transmits data required to execute the cross-link intelligent contract to the computing nodes in the relay blockchain system.
In step S206, the computing node executes the cross-chain intelligent contract based on the data required for executing the cross-chain intelligent contract.
In some embodiments, the computing node queries the state of the cross-link intelligent contract from the ledger of the relay blockchain system; then, based on the data needed to execute the cross-chain intelligent contract and the state of the cross-chain intelligent contract, the cross-chain intelligent contract is executed. Because the data in the blockchain ledger book has the characteristic of being not falsifiable, the relay blockchain system can be ensured to acquire the state of the cross-chain intelligent contract more accurately when the cross-chain intelligent contract is executed by recording the state of the cross-chain intelligent contract through the ledger book.
In some embodiments, to further enhance security, the state of the smart contracts stored in the ledger is encrypted data. Some of the computing nodes constitute a "key management committee" to manage the keys. And the computing node acquires the key from the computing node for managing the key, decrypts the key and acquires the state of the cross-chain intelligent contract. Thus, the safety is further improved.
In step S208, the computing node transmits information related to the execution result of executing the cross-chain intelligent contract and the proof generated based on the execution result to the consensus node of the relay blockchain system. The proof generated based on the execution results is used to verify that the computation is valid.
In some embodiments, the information involved in the execution result is encrypted data of the state of the updated cross-chain intelligent contract. The updated state may still be encrypted using a key provided by the key management committee.
In step S210, the consensus node verifies information related to the execution result of the cross-chain intelligent contract based on the proof.
In some embodiments, the computing node generates a pair of a public key and a private key, and generates a random number and a zero-knowledge proof using the generated private key as a proof generated based on the execution result, and sends to the consensus node. And the consensus node verifies whether the random number and the zero knowledge proof accord with a preset first functional relation. If the verification result is consistent, one time of verification is passed. In some embodiments, the computing node may further send the public key to the consensus node, and the consensus node verifies whether the public key, the random number, and the zero-knowledge proof conform to the preset second functional relationship. If so, the verification is passed. The verification process is determined, for example, by a VRF (Verifiable Random Function).
In step S212, in the case that the verification passes, the consensus node stores information related to the execution result into the blockchain.
In step S214, the network node sends the execution result to the first blockchain system. The first blockchain system stores the execution result as a transaction record in an account book of the first blockchain system.
The above-described embodiments decouple network communications, computation, and consensus. By adopting the network node to communicate with the blockchain system participating in the cross-chain transaction, sensitive data can be prevented from being directly exposed to a provider of an intelligent contract, and the safety of the system is improved; by setting the computing node and the consensus node, the execution and the consensus of the intelligent contract can be completely separated, so that the computation and the storage can be processed in parallel, and the execution efficiency of the cross-chain intelligent contract between homogeneous or heterogeneous block chains is improved.
Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a node of a relay blockchain system according to some embodiments of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the node 30 of this embodiment includes: a memory 310 and a processor 320 coupled to the memory 310, the processor 320 being configured to perform the corresponding steps of the cross-chain transaction method in any of the foregoing embodiments based on instructions stored in the memory 310.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a node of a relay blockchain system according to further embodiments of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the node 40 of this embodiment includes: the memory 410 and the processor 420 may further include an input/output interface 430, a network interface 440, a storage interface 450, and the like. These interfaces 430, 440, 450 and the connection between the memory 410 and the processor 420 may be, for example, via a bus 460. The input/output interface 430 provides a connection interface for input/output devices such as a display, a mouse, a keyboard, and a touch screen. The network interface 440 provides a connection interface for various networking devices. The storage interface 450 provides a connection interface for external storage devices such as an SD card and a usb disk.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program is configured to implement, when executed by a processor, the corresponding steps in any one of the aforementioned cross-chain transaction methods.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable non-transitory storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (11)
1. A relay blockchain system, comprising:
a network node configured to exchange data involved in a cross-chain transaction between a first blockchain system, a second blockchain system, and the relay blockchain system, wherein the cross-chain transaction involves the first blockchain and the second blockchain;
a compute node configured to execute a cross-chain intelligent contract, generate an execution result, and generate a proof based on the execution result;
and the consensus node is configured to verify the execution result of the cross-chain intelligent contract based on the certification, and store the information related to the execution result into an account book of the relay block chain system if the verification is passed.
2. The relay blockchain system of claim 1, wherein the computing nodes are key management enabled and support secure operations with respect to keys.
3. The relay blockchain system of claim 1, wherein some or all of the computing nodes manage keys for the cross-chain smart contracts.
4. The relay blockchain system of claim 1, wherein:
the computing node is further configured to generate an attestation to prove validity of the cross-chain intelligent contract;
the consensus node is further configured to verify the proof of validity.
5. The relay blockchain system of claim 1, further comprising:
a memory configured to store an accounting of the relay blockchain system.
6. A method of cross-chain transactions, comprising:
a network node of a relay blockchain system exchanges data involved in a cross-chain transaction between a first blockchain, a second blockchain, and the relay blockchain, wherein the cross-chain transaction involves the first blockchain and the second blockchain;
the network node sends data required by executing a cross-chain intelligent contract to a computing node in the relay blockchain system;
the computing node executes the cross-chain intelligent contract based on the data required by the execution of the cross-chain intelligent contract;
the computing node sends information related to executing an execution result of the cross-chain intelligent contract and a certificate generated based on the execution result to a consensus node of the relay blockchain system;
the consensus node verifies information related to an execution result of the cross-chain intelligent contract based on the certification;
in the case of passing the verification, the common identification node stores the information related to the execution result into a blockchain;
the network node sends the execution result to the first blockchain system.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the network node exchanging data involved in the cross-chain transaction among the first blockchain, the second blockchain, and the relay blockchain comprises:
the network node acquires a cross-chain transaction request sent by the first blockchain system, wherein the cross-chain transaction request comprises a cross-chain intelligent contract;
the network node receives data sent by the second blockchain system and required for executing the cross-chain intelligent contract.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the network node exchanging data involved in a cross-chain transaction among the first blockchain, the second blockchain, and the relay blockchain further comprises:
the network node also acquires block header information sent by the first block chain system;
the network node generating a proof of the cross-chain transaction request;
the network node sends the cross-chain transaction request, the blockhead information and the certification of the cross-chain transaction request to the second blockchain system, wherein the data required by the cross-chain intelligent contract is sent when the second blockchain system passes the verification of the certification of the cross-chain transaction request.
9. The cross-chain trading method of claim 6, wherein the computing node executing a cross-chain intelligent contract based on the data needed to execute the cross-chain intelligent contract comprises:
the computing node inquires the state of the cross-link intelligent contract from an account book of the relay block chain system;
the computing node executes the cross-chain intelligent contract based on the data required for executing the cross-chain intelligent contract and the state of the cross-chain intelligent contract.
10. The cross-chain transaction method of claim 9, wherein the state of the cross-chain smart contract is queried from a ledger of the relay blockchain system as encrypted data, and the computing node obtains a key from a computing node that manages the key and decrypts the key to obtain the state of the cross-chain smart contract.
11. The cross-chain transaction method of claim 6, wherein the information related to the execution result is encrypted data of the updated state of the cross-chain intelligent contract.
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| CN114844905A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-02 | 蚂蚁区块链科技(上海)有限公司 | System and method for cross-block chain interaction |
| CN114844904A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-02 | 蚂蚁区块链科技(上海)有限公司 | System and method for cross-block chain interaction |
| CN116523518A (en) * | 2023-07-03 | 2023-08-01 | 中铱数字科技有限公司 | Cross-channel data access method, system and storage medium based on blockchain |
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