CN110257509A - 替加环素耐药基因家族tetX多重PCR检测试剂盒 - Google Patents
替加环素耐药基因家族tetX多重PCR检测试剂盒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种替加环素耐药基因家族tetX多重PCR检测试剂盒,由快速PCR混合液,超纯水,引物探针混合液,标准品,阴性对照品组成,引物探针混合液包括tetX1、tetX2、tetX3、tetX4、tetX5等引物对。本发明利用多重PCR的试验手段,建立了一套灵敏、高效的PCR检测方法,可对的含有tetX1、tetX2、tetX3、tetX4、tetX5基因的菌株进行快速、有效检测。具有成本低、效率高、操作方便、准确率高、能源消耗少、环境污染少等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分子生物学领域,涉及一类新型替加环素耐药基因家族tetX多重PCR检测试剂盒。
背景技术
四环素类抗生素(TCs)是一类广谱抗生素,对革兰氏阳性、阴性菌、衣原体、支原体和恶性疟原虫等均有较好的抑菌作用,被广泛应用于人和家畜的细菌感染预防及治疗,并且因低剂量四环素对动物的生长具有促进作用也大量用于农业及水产养殖业。四环素类抗生素的大量使用和排放促进了四环素抗性菌和抗性基因(tetracycline resistancegenes,TRGs)的发展。目前已报道的TRGs有44种,根据作用机理主要分为3类:外排泵基因、核糖体保护基因和酶修饰基因。
替加环素(Tigecycline)是惠氏公司研发的第三代四环素,它专门针对外排泵和核糖体保护抗性机制设计,可克服外排泵和核糖体保护机制介导的四环素抗性,对多种多重耐药菌如耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和携带新德里金属β-内酰胺酶1基因(NDM-1)的“超级细菌”肠杆菌均具有良好抑制效果,被誉为治疗由多重耐药的革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌引起的复杂感染的最后一种抗生素之一。但含有tetX基因的宿主菌对其仍具有抗性。tetX基因可编码一个含有388个氨基酸、分子量为43.7kDa的蛋白(TetX),其氨基端氨基酸序列与许多依赖NAD(P)的氧化还原酶相似,可对四环素进行化学修饰使其失活。
2007年之前tetX基因仅发现存在于专性厌氧的拟杆菌属(Bacteroides spp.)中。2007年Ghosh和LaPara在粪肥改良过的土壤中分离出一株含有tetX的鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium sp.strain PM2P1-29,这是首次在好氧菌中发现tetX基因。除了上述两种菌属外,已知的tetX宿主菌还包括肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)中的阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiellapneumoniae),丛毛单胞菌科(Comamonadaceae)中的睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌(Comamonastestosteroni)和食酸戴尔福特菌(Delftia acidovorans)及部分假单胞菌(Pseudomonadaceae)。目前,已在禽畜粪便、农田土壤、空气气溶胶、河水、池塘、港湾沉积物、污水厂进出水、活性污泥及剩余污泥等环境介质中检测到tetX基因。
tetX及其直系同源基因(即tetX1,tetX2和tetX3)现已在肠杆菌科,鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌分离株中检测到。以往tetX的基因大多位于细菌的染色体上,流性传播的风险较为低,而且对替加环素的耐药能力较弱,没有引起较大的关注。2019年,沈建忠院士团队和刘亚红研究团队先后发现了携带tetX基因变异体的鲍曼不动杆菌和大肠杆菌各1株,其编码蛋白分别与已发现的野生型TetX具有85.1%和93.8%的氨基酸同源性,因此命名为tetX3(与之前报道tetX3不同,此处应该是tetX5)和tetX4。在基因可转移性研究中,科研人员发现,tetX4和tetX5均位于细菌的多重耐药质粒上,可通过接合转移进入肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和大肠杆菌等临床重要病原菌中。更重要的是,动物试验模型证实了tetX变异体可导致临床上替加环素对携带该类耐药基因的病原菌感染治疗的失败。流行病学回溯性调查表明,tetX4和tetX5在国内动物源和食品源细菌中的平均检出率为6.9%,其中某些地区猪源大肠杆菌的检出率达到了66.7%,且有5株牛源不动杆菌同时携带了碳青霉烯耐药基因blaNDM-1和tetX5,还从3株人医临床感染源大肠杆菌和1株鲍曼不动杆菌中检出了tetX4,虽然检出率较低(0.07%),但其风险不容忽视。
在此前报道的tetX基因的相关检测方法中,大多只是针对一种抗性基因所设计的通过传统PCR或是real-time PCR反应。其往往只能检测一种抗性基因,在面对越来越多的tetX基因家族的其他基因出现的情况下,需要通过多个反应才能够对相关抗性基因进行较为全面的检测。在这样一种研究背景下,建立一套快速、有效的tetX基因家族的检测方法就显得十分必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种替加环素耐药基因家族tetX多重PCR检测试剂盒,本发明利用多重PCR的试验手段,建立了一套灵敏、高效的PCR检测方法,可对含有tetX1、tetX2、tetX3、tetX4、tetX5基因的菌株进行快速、有效检测。
本发明提供的试剂盒,由快速PCR混合液(2×Rapid Taq Master Mix),超纯水,引物探针混合液,标准品(tetX1,tetX2,tetX3,tetX4,tetX5),阴性对照品(不含有tetX1,tetX2,tetX3,tetX4,tetX5基因的pBAD24空载体)。引物探针混合液包括tetX1引物对、tetX2引物对、tetX3引物对、tetX4引物对、tetX5引物对。
其中快速PCR混合液(2×Rapid Taq Master Mix)包含Taq DNA Polymerase、延伸促进因子、dNTP以及优化的缓冲体系。引物探针混合液包括引物tetX1-F、tetX1-R、tetX2-F、tetX2-R、tetX3-F、tetX3-R、tetX4-F、tetX4-R、tetX5-F、tetX5-R。
tetX1引物对的序列如SEQ No.1和SEQ No.2所示,tetX2引物对的序列如SEQ No.3和SEQ No.4所示,tetX3引物对的序列如SEQ No.5和SEQ No.6所示,tetX4引物对的序列如SEQ No.7和SEQ No.8所示,tetX5引物对的序列如SEQ No.9和SEQ No.10所示。
上述标准品的保守区基因序列为:
tetX1标准品序列如SEQ No.11所示,tetX2标准品序列如SEQ No.12所示,tetX3标准品序列如SEQ No.13所示,tetX4标准品序列如SEQ No.14所示,tetX5标准品序列如SEQ No.15所示。
本发明提供的荧光定量试剂盒需于4℃储存。
本发明试剂盒的使用方法:在每次标本检测中均应设立阳性对照和阴性对照。将待测菌液直接作为模板进行多重PCR检测。
多重PCR反应体系(总体积50μL)为:引物探针混合液:10μL(工作浓度0.2μM);模板:待测菌液2μL;快速PCR混合液(2×Rapid Taq Master Mix):25μL;超纯水:13μL。
多重PCR反应程序:预变性95℃3min;变性95℃15s,退火59℃15s,延伸72℃20s共30个循环;终延伸72℃5min。
多重PCR产物经2.0%琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳检测,电压110V,工作时间120min。
本发明利用多重PCR的试验手段,建立了一套灵敏、高效的PCR检测方法,可对的含有tetX1、tetX2、tetX3、tetX4、tetX5基因的菌株进行快速、有效检测。具有成本低、效率高、操作方便、准确率高、能源消耗少、环境污染少等优点。
附图说明
图1表示用本试剂盒对阴性对照和阳性对照检测的标准结果,从左到右以此为阴性对照、tetX1,tetX2,tetX3,tetX4,tetX5。
图2是对不同采样地点、不同来源、携带不同tetX耐药基因以及tetX阴性的差异菌株利用本试剂盒的多重PCR扩增检测。
图3表示五对引物设计模式图。
图4是以单对引物对含tetX1、tetX2、tetX3、tetX4、tetX5的大肠杆菌JM109分别进行单重PCR扩增检测。
图5是对含tetX1、tetX2、tetX3、tetX4、tetX5耐药基因的大肠杆菌JM109进行两重、三重、四重以及五重PCR扩增检测。
具体实施方式
本发明结合附图和实施例作进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种替加环素耐药基因家族tetX多重PCR快速检测试剂盒,包括快速PCR混合液(2×Rapid Taq Master Mix),超纯水,引物探针混合液,标准品(tetX1,tetX2,tetX3,tetX4,tetX5),阴性对照品。其中快速PCR混合液(2×Rapid Taq Master Mix)包含Taq DNAPolymerase、延伸促进因子、dNTP以及优化的缓冲体系。引物探针混合液包括引物tetX1-F、tetX1-R、tetX2-F、tetX2-R、tetX3-F、tetX3-R、tetX4-F、tetX4-R、tetX5-F、tetX5-R。
tetX1引物对的序列如SEQ No.1和SEQ No.2所示,tetX2引物对的序列如SEQ No.3和SEQ No.4所示,tetX3引物对的序列如SEQ No.5和SEQ No.6所示,tetX4引物对的序列如SEQ No.7和SEQ No.8所示,tetX5引物对的序列如SEQ No.9和SEQ No.10所示。
上述tetX1,tetX2,tetX3,tetX4,tetX5标准品的保守区基因序列为:tetX1标准品序列如SEQ No.11所示,tetX2标准品序列如SEQ No.12所示,tetX3标准品序列如SEQ No.13所示,tetX4标准品序列如SEQ No.14所示,tetX5标准品序列如SEQ No.15所示。
本发明提供的荧光定量试剂盒需于4℃储存。
实施例2
2.1材料与方法
本发明试剂盒的使用方法:在每次标本检测中均应设立阳性对照和阴性对照,标准结果如图1。将待测菌液直接作为模板进行多重PCR检测。
多重PCR反应体系(总体积50μL)为:引物探针混合液:10μL(工作浓度0.2μM);模板:待测菌液2μL;快速PCR混合液(2×Rapid Taq Master Mix):25μL;超纯水:13μL。
多重PCR反应程序:预变性95℃3min;变性95℃15s,退火59℃15s,延伸72℃20s共30个循环;终延伸72℃5min。
多重PCR产物经2.0%琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳检测,电压110V,工作时间120min。
2.2野生型菌株的检测鉴定对不同采样地点、不同来源、携带不同tetX耐药基因以及tetX阴性的差异菌株利用本试剂盒进行多重PCR检测鉴定。在所有的25株待测菌株当中,共有检出17株具有tetX耐药基因,且所有耐药基因阳性菌株相对应的耐药基因片段大小正确,条带单一,这一统计结果与之前针对这些菌株的鉴定检测结果相一致(如表1所示),且针对存在差异的不同菌株间都表现出很高的适用性。这一统计结果证明本试剂盒所建立的多重PCR检测方法能够为微生物中的替加环素耐药基因的检测提供快速准确的技术支持,由此建立了一套针对tetX基因家族基因的高效检测试剂盒。
表1野生菌株菌株信息
实施例3
3.1引物设计:
根据已报道的文献,在NCBI当中获取tetX1、tetX2、tetX3、tetX4、tetX5的DNA序列作为目的基因。使用primer premier 5.0软件在不同目的基因上进行设计不同PCR产物长度的引物,以保证最终能够清楚的区分出不同的耐药基因。随后利用Vector NTI软件,对设计完成的引物的特异性以及与目的基因的同源性进行比较分析,使每条引物与目的基因的同源性为100%,且与其他基因保持较低的同源性,保证引物在目的基因内通用,而在基因间特异,最终确定5对鉴定引物序列。模式图如图3所示。
3.2引物间特异性检测
参见图4,分别以单对引物对含tetX1、tetX2、tetX3、tetX4、tetX5的大肠杆菌JM109进行单重PCR扩增检测,从而观察PCR引物的特异性。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行PCR产物分析发现每对引物的特异性都较好,只能在对应模板中得到对应的PCR产物,不会在其他模板中得到PCR产物,且条带能够根据大小区分得很清晰,从而能清楚地辨认出各条带所对应的耐药基因。这一结果再次说明各对引物具有很强的特异性。
3.3多重PCR体系引物间特异性检测
参见图5,对含tetX1、tetX2、tetX3、tetX4、tetX5耐药基因的大肠杆菌JM109进行两重、三重、四重以及五重的组合,然后利用已经建立的反应体系对不同的菌株组合进行多重PCR检测。通过对琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果观察,各个目的基因条带都较为清晰,条带所对应大小正确,且均无非特异性条带,均能清楚的辨认各条带所对应的耐药基因,这说明本试验中所建立的多重PCR体系对不同菌株组合都显示出很好的特异性和灵敏度,初步确定这一反应体系可以有效的对tetX基因家族的基因进行筛选。
序列表
<110> 浙江大学
<120> 替加环素耐药基因家族tetx多重pcr检测试剂盒
<160> 15
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 23
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Unknown)
<400> 1
cgaaaaatgt tgcttggcag ctt 23
<210> 2
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Unknown)
<400> 2
agttgttgaa cgaattaact cc 22
<210> 3
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Unknown)
<400> 3
ttgattcata cgacgttgtc atttg 25
<210> 4
<211> 25
<212> DNA
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taacagcctc ttcaatgcta ttaaa 25
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gacacttgat ctgcacaggg att 23
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ccctacaaaa gatgatgtca aac 23
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ctgattcgtg tgacatcatc ttttg 25
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gttaaatttc ccattggtca gatta 25
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ggtatcaaca tttcaatgct tg 22
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<212> DNA
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<400> 10
cgattcgtcc tgcgtatctt ttg 23
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<211> 486
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Unknown)
<400> 11
cgaaaaatgt tgcttggcag cttgaaaaat gacacagttg tttgggatag aaaatctatt 60
gggcttgaac aagaaaacgg aaaatggctg ctacattttg aaaataagcc aactgcattg 120
gccgacttta ttattgtttc caatggtgga atgtctaaaa taagaaattt tgtttcagat 180
aatgaagtcg aagaaacagg tacttttatt attcagggcg acattcctga accagaaacg 240
aactgccctg aattttataa gttgtgcaac aacaatagac taatgaccgc acatcaaggg 300
aatttattag ttgcgaatcc atttaacaac ggaatgttaa cttacggtgt cattttcaaa 360
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tgacttaagg actatcctat taaatagttt acaaaatgat accgtcattt gggatagaaa 240
acttgttacc cttgaacctg ataaggagaa gtggatacta acttttgggg ataaatcgag 300
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agaggtgaac tgtcctggat tttttcagct atgcaatgga aaccggctaa tggctgctca 480
tcaaggtaat ttattatttg cgaatcctaa taataatggt gcattgcatt ttggaataag 540
ttttaaaaca cctgatgaat ggaaaagcaa aacgcaggta gattttcaag acagaaatag 600
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tcgtttgaca tcatcttttg taggg 685
<210> 14
<211> 204
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Unknown)
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ctgattcgtg tgacatcatc ttttgtaggg ttagcgacac gaatatttcc cttaggtaag 60
tcttggaaaa gtaagcgtcc attacccata acgatgattg gagatgctgc tcatttgatg 120
cctccttttg caggacaagg cgtaaacagc gggttgatgg atgccttgat attgtcggat 180
aatctgacca atgggaaatt taac 204
<210> 15
<211> 265
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Unknown)
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ggtatcaaca tttcaatgct tgcccacaag gaaatttcct ttgaacaatg attggaaaag 60
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aggacagggt gtaaatacgg gattattgga tgctttgata ttgtctgaaa accttacaaa 180
cggagaattt acaagtattg aaaatgccat cgaaaactac gaacaacaaa tgtttgttta 240
tgcaaaagat acgcaggacg aatcg 265
Claims (6)
1.一种替加环素耐药基因家族tetX多重PCR检测试剂盒,其特征在于,所述试剂盒由快速PCR混合液,超纯水,引物探针混合液,标准品,阴性对照品组成,引物探针混合液包括tetX1引物对、tetX2引物对、tetX3引物对、tetX4引物对、tetX5引物对。
2.根据权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,其中快速PCR混合液包含Taq DNAPolymerase、延伸促进因子、dNTP以及优化的缓冲体系。
3.根据权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,tetX1引物对的序列如SEQ No.1和SEQNo.2所示,tetX2引物对的序列如SEQ No.3和SEQ No.4所示,tetX3引物对的序列如SEQNo.5和SEQ No.6所示,tetX4引物对的序列如SEQ No.7和SEQ No.8所示,tetX5引物对的序列如SEQ No.9和SEQ No.10所示。
4.根据权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述标准品基因序列如下:
tetX1标准品序列如SEQ No.11所示,tetX2标准品序列如SEQ No.12所示,tetX3标准品序列如SEQ No.13所示,tetX4标准品序列如SEQ No.14所示,tetX5标准品序列如SEQ No.15所示。
5.根据权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述阴性对照品为不含有tetX1,tetX2,tetX3,tetX4,tetX5基因的pBAD24空载体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述试剂盒于4℃储存。
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