CN110255939B - 一种泡沫陶瓷轻集料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种泡沫陶瓷轻集料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110255939B
CN110255939B CN201910511439.3A CN201910511439A CN110255939B CN 110255939 B CN110255939 B CN 110255939B CN 201910511439 A CN201910511439 A CN 201910511439A CN 110255939 B CN110255939 B CN 110255939B
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秦节发
陈超
黄劲
石华
李炳昊
任政
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Abstract

本发明提供一种泡沫陶瓷轻集料,由废旧泡沫陶瓷、成陶坯母料经成陶材料制备、成坯料制备、材料表面处理、干燥与烧结制备而成,所述废旧泡沫陶瓷为不合格泡沫陶瓷产品或废弃的泡沫陶瓷建筑板材边角料,所述成陶坯母料包括如下组分及其质量含量:30%~60%的粉煤灰、30%~60%的粘土、10%~20%的菱镁石。本发明采用不合格产品或废弃的泡沫陶瓷建筑板材边角料与成陶坯母料为原料制备而成,综合利用废弃资料,变废为宝,产品的筒压强度可提高10%以上,吸水率可降低50%以上,产品密度增加15%以下,具有表面致密、光滑、无裂纹、薄壁层与泡沫陶瓷粘结性好等优点。

Description

一种泡沫陶瓷轻集料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及人造轻集料制造技术领域,具体涉及一种泡沫陶瓷轻集料及其制备方法。
背景技术
泡沫陶瓷制品的气孔率高、抗压强度高,广泛应用于建筑非承重保温墙体材料。目前泡沫陶瓷制备工艺较多,分别是添加造孔剂工艺、溶胶凝胶工艺、挤出成型工艺、有机泡沫浸泡工艺等,其中添加造孔剂工艺和挤出成型工艺为目前较为普遍的方法。添加造孔剂工艺制备的成品具有闭孔型泡沫陶瓷;而挤出成型工艺可以研制出高孔密度、蜂窝状多孔陶瓷,也称蜂窝陶瓷。蜂窝陶瓷的孔属于开口型,在建筑方向应用较少。目前在建筑方向上应用较多的是添加造孔剂研制的泡沫陶瓷。
添加造孔剂工艺大致是将发泡剂加入成陶瓷材料中,经高温发泡形成泡沫陶瓷。目前由于原材料来源不够稳定,发泡剂性质的差异,会形成性能不满足要求的赝品。另外,在泡沫陶瓷切割成特定形状的过程中会形成较多的边角料。将其丢弃会造成很大的资源浪费,或者将产品磨碎后重新烧结,其处理成本会很高。为了将上述的不合格的泡沫陶瓷及废弃的陶瓷边角料资源化利用,发展破碎泡沫破碎及泡沫陶瓷表面修复技术至关重要。中国专利CN 200510041886.5提供了一种中空陶粒的制备方法,通过挤出中空圆管坯体,然后切割成小段,再在成球盘中成型不规则的中空陶粒,烧结后形成形状不规则的中空陶粒。该方法烧结的中空陶粒表面也会有一层薄壁,但是陶粒材料为一次烧结技术,不必过多考虑中空陶粒层与薄壁层之间的粘结,另外生成的陶粒形状极其不规则,制备成轻集料混凝土后工作性能较差。中国专利CN 102936127 B提供了一种轻质中空陶粒及其制备方法,陶粒由中间空腔和与外界接触的一层薄壁组成,该陶粒也是一次烧结技术,材料整体较为匀质,烧结成品不宜产生裂纹的现象,不需要解决成品表面开裂的问题。另外,提供的技术方法没有提及对破碎泡沫陶瓷的修复方法。因此,有必要对现有技术进行改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种泡沫陶瓷轻集料及其制备方法,采用不合格产品或废弃的泡沫陶瓷建筑板材边角料与成陶坯母料为原料制备而成,综合利用废弃资料,变废为宝,产品具有表面致密、光滑、无裂纹、薄壁层与泡沫陶瓷粘结性好等优点。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种泡沫陶瓷轻集料,由废旧泡沫陶瓷、成陶坯母料制备而成,所述废旧泡沫陶瓷为不合格泡沫陶瓷产品或废弃的泡沫陶瓷建筑板材边角料,所述成陶坯母料包括如下组分及其质量含量:30%~60%的粉煤灰、30%~60%的粘土、10%~20%的菱镁石。
一种泡沫陶瓷轻集料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)成陶材料制备:
1)将废旧泡沫陶瓷破碎;
2)将破碎后的废旧泡沫陶瓷颗粒进行筛分,筛分出粒度为5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料与5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料;
3)将成陶坯母料粉煤灰、粘土、菱镁石,与粒度为5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料混合,粉磨成粒度为200目的粉料,得成陶材料;
(2)成坯料制备:
4)向成陶材料中加入硅烷偶联剂、聚羧酸类分散材料,混合均匀,然后加入水,搅拌均匀,得具有粘性的流态化成坯料;
(3)材料表面处理:
5)将粒度为5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料用含有质量浓度为0.2%~0.3%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液润湿;
6)将润湿后的泡沫陶瓷料加入到流态化成坯料中进行滚涂,使泡沫陶瓷料表面形成0.4~0.6mm厚的成陶材料层;
(4)干燥与烧结:
7)将步骤6)得到的带有成陶材料层的5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料颗粒在105℃的温度下干燥1h;
8)成陶材料层干燥后,转入回转窑中进行烧结,冷却后,即得表面光滑的轻质球状或类球状泡沫陶瓷轻集料成品。
根据以上方案,所述破碎时采用颚式破碎机。
根据以上方案,所述成坯料包括如下组分及其质量含量:20%~40%的粉煤灰、20%~40%的粘土、5%~10%的菱镁石、30%~40%的粒度为5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料。
根据以上方案,所述步骤4)中水、硅烷偶联剂、聚羧酸类分散材料的加入质量分别为所述成陶材料质量的20%~25%、0.2%~0.3%、0.5%~0.8%。
根据以上方案,所述烧结时控制升温速率为10℃/min,升温至800~900℃,并保温30min。
根据以上方案,所述冷却包括两个阶段:第一个阶段:控制降温速率为200~300℃/h,降温至400℃;第二阶段:控制降温速率为100℃/h,降至常温。
本发明的有益效果是:
1)本发明采用不合格产品或废弃的泡沫陶瓷建筑板材边角料做原料,破碎后的颗粒可实现100%回收利用,实现了资源循环利用;
2)本发明的成品筒压强度可提高10%以上,吸水率可降低50%以上,成品密度增加15%以下,颗粒大小为5~15mm,可以应用于轻集料混凝土领域;
3)本发明采用的成陶材料经流态化处理,表面修复层与泡沫陶瓷体粘结性较好,可操作性较优,并且成陶材料与破碎的泡沫陶瓷界面粘结性能优异,烧结完成后表面光滑无裂纹,产品具有表面致密、光滑、无裂纹、薄壁层与泡沫陶瓷粘结性好等优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行说明。
实施例1:
本发明提供一种泡沫陶瓷轻集料及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)成陶材料制备:
1)将性能不合格的泡沫陶瓷建筑板材用颚式破碎机破碎;
2)将破碎后的泡沫陶瓷建筑板材进行筛分,筛分出粒度为5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料与5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料,;
3)将成陶坯母料粉煤灰、粘土、菱镁石,与粒度为5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料混合,粉磨成粒度为200目的粉料,得成陶材料;
(2)成坯料制备:
4)向成陶材料中加入其质量0.2%的硅烷偶联剂、0.5%的聚羧酸类分散材料,混合均匀,然后加入其质量20%的水,搅拌均匀,得具有粘性的流态化成坯料;
(3)材料表面处理:
5)将粒度为5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料用含有质量浓度为0.3%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液润湿;
6)将润湿后的泡沫陶瓷料加入到流态化成坯料中进行滚涂,使泡沫陶瓷料表面形成0.4~0.6mm厚的成陶材料层;
(4)干燥与烧结:
7)将步骤6)得到的带有成陶材料层的5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料颗粒在105℃的温度下干燥1h;
8)成陶材料层干燥后,转入回转窑中进行烧结:控制升温速率为10℃/min,升温至900℃,并保温30min;然后进行冷却:第一个阶段:控制降温速率为300℃/h,降温至400℃;第二阶段:控制降温速率为100℃/h,降至常温,即得表面光滑的轻质球状或类球状泡沫陶瓷轻集料成品。
进一步地,所述成坯料包括如下组分及其质量含量:30%的粉煤灰、30%的粘土、10%的菱镁石、30%的粒度为5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料。
实施例2:
本发明提供一种泡沫陶瓷轻集料及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)成陶材料制备:
1)将泡沫陶瓷切割过程中产生的边角料用颚式破碎机破碎;
2)将破碎后的泡沫陶瓷边角料进行筛分,筛分出粒度为5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料与5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料;
3)将成陶坯母料粉煤灰、粘土、菱镁石,与粒度为5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料混合,粉磨成粒度为200目的粉料,得成陶材料;
(2)成坯料制备:
4)向成陶材料中加入其质量0.3%的硅烷偶联剂、0.6%的聚羧酸类分散材料,混合均匀,然后加入其质量20%的水,搅拌均匀,得具有粘性的流态化成坯料;
(3)材料表面处理:
5)将粒度为5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料用含有质量浓度为0.3%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液润湿;
6)将润湿后的泡沫陶瓷料加入到流态化成坯料中进行滚涂,使泡沫陶瓷料表面形成0.4~0.6mm厚的成陶材料层;
(4)干燥与烧结:
7)将步骤6)得到的带有成陶材料层的5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料颗粒在105℃的温度下干燥1h;
8)成陶材料层干燥后,转入回转窑中进行烧结:控制升温速率为10℃/min,升温至800℃,并保温30min;然后进行冷却:第一个阶段:控制降温速率为200℃/h,降温至400℃;第二阶段:控制降温速率为100℃/h,降至常温,即得表面光滑的轻质球状或类球状泡沫陶瓷轻集料成品。
进一步地,所述成坯料包括如下组分及其质量含量:20%的粉煤灰、40%的粘土、5%的菱镁石、35%的粒度为5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料。
实施例3:
本发明提供一种泡沫陶瓷轻集料及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)成陶材料制备:
1)将不合格泡沫陶瓷产品用颚式破碎机破碎;
2)将破碎后的不合格泡沫陶瓷产品进行筛分,筛分出粒度为5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料与5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料;
3)将成陶坯母料粉煤灰、粘土、菱镁石,与粒度为5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料混合,粉磨成粒度为200目的粉料,得成陶材料;
(2)成坯料制备:
4)向成陶材料中加入其质量0.25%的硅烷偶联剂、0.8%的聚羧酸类分散材料,混合均匀,然后加入其质量25%的水,搅拌均匀,得具有粘性的流态化成坯料;
(3)材料表面处理:
5)将粒度为5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料用含有质量浓度为0.3%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液润湿;
6)将润湿后的泡沫陶瓷料加入到流态化成坯料中进行滚涂,使泡沫陶瓷料表面形成0.4~0.6mm厚的成陶材料层;
(4)干燥与烧结:
7)将步骤6)得到的带有成陶材料层的5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料颗粒在105℃的温度下干燥1h;
8)成陶材料层干燥后,转入回转窑中进行烧结:控制升温速率为10℃/min,升温至850℃,并保温30min;然后进行冷却:第一个阶段:控制降温速率为250℃/h,降温至400℃;第二阶段:控制降温速率为100℃/h,降至常温,即得表面光滑的轻质球状或类球状泡沫陶瓷轻集料成品。
进一步地,所述成坯料包括如下组分及其质量含量:40%的粉煤灰、20%的粘土、8%的菱镁石、32%的粒度为5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料。
实施例1-3制备的产品取部分样品破碎后的性能及表面处理后的性能对比可见表1所示:
表1实施例1-3样品破碎及表面处理后的性能
Figure BDA0002093631080000071
以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案,尽管上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的相关技术人员应当理解:可以对本发明进行修改或者同等替换,但不脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改和局部替换均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种泡沫陶瓷轻集料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)成陶材料制备:
1)将废旧泡沫陶瓷破碎;
2)将破碎后的废旧泡沫陶瓷颗粒进行筛分,筛分出粒度为5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料与5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料;
3)将成陶坯母料粉煤灰、粘土、菱镁石,与粒度为5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料混合,粉磨成粒度为200目的粉料,得成陶材料;
(2)成坯料制备:
4)向成陶材料中加入硅烷偶联剂、聚羧酸类分散材料,混合均匀,然后加入水,搅拌均匀,得具有粘性的流态化成坯料;
(3)材料表面处理:
5)将粒度为5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料用含有质量浓度为0.2%~0.3%的羧甲基纤维素水溶液润湿;
6)将润湿后的泡沫陶瓷料加入到流态化成坯料中进行滚涂,使泡沫陶瓷料表面形成0.4~0.6mm厚的成陶材料层;
(4)干燥与烧结:
7)将步骤6)得到的带有成陶材料层的5~15mm的泡沫陶瓷料颗粒在105℃的温度下干燥1h;
8)成陶材料层干燥后,转入回转窑中进行烧结,冷却后,即得表面光滑的轻质球状或类球状泡沫陶瓷轻集料成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的泡沫陶瓷轻集料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述破碎时采用颚式破碎机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的泡沫陶瓷轻集料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述成坯料包括如下组分及其质量含量:20%~40%的粉煤灰、20%~40%的粘土、5%~10%的菱镁石、30%~40%的粒度为5mm以下的泡沫陶瓷料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的泡沫陶瓷轻集料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4)中水、硅烷偶联剂、聚羧酸类分散材料的加入质量分别为所述成陶材料质量的20%~25%、0.2%~0.3%、0.5%~0.8%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的泡沫陶瓷轻集料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烧结时控制升温速率为10℃/min,升温至800~900℃,并保温30min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的泡沫陶瓷轻集料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述冷却包括两个阶段:第一个阶段:控制降温速率为200~300℃/h,降温至400℃;第二阶段:控制降温速率为100℃/h,降至常温。
7.根据权利要求1所述的泡沫陶瓷轻集料的制备方法,其特征在于,由废旧泡沫陶瓷、成陶坯母料制备而成,所述废旧泡沫陶瓷为不合格泡沫陶瓷产品或废弃的泡沫陶瓷建筑板材边角料,所述成陶坯母料包括如下组分及其质量含量:30%~60%的粉煤灰、30%~60%的粘土、10%~20%的菱镁石。
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