CN110240527A - A kind of bacteria agent and preparation method thereof and biological bacterium organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of bacteria agent and preparation method thereof and biological bacterium organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is suitable for agricultural plantation technology field, provide a kind of bacteria agent and preparation method thereof and biological bacterium organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, the preparation method of the bacteria agent include: a variety of aerobic microbiological bacterium are separately added into expand culture in mixed culture medium after mixed in equal amounts obtain aerobic microbiological hybrid daughter bacteria;By formula weigh aerobic microbiological hybrid daughter bacteria, rice bran, corn flour and rape cake carry out mixing turn over throwing fermentation 15 ~ 20 days aerobic microbiological mixed bacteria;Saccharomycete and lactic acid bacteria are separately added into expand in the fluid nutrient medium containing 10 ~ 15% molasses and cultivate to obtain saccharomycete and lactic acid bacteria culture solution;Yeast bacteria culture fluid, lactic acid bacteria culture solution and aerobic microbiological mixed bacteria is weighed by formula to carry out mixed fermentation 30 ~ 40 days.The bacteria agent living bacteria count (cfu) as made from the above method can reach 6.7 hundred million/gram, the number of viable of biological bacterium organic fertilizer is greatly improved, the soil environment of crops is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a biological agent and a preparation method thereof, and a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Dragon fruit is also called red dragon fruit, Xianmei fruit, etc. At present, there are white hearts, red hearts, etc. The pitaya is sweet and mild in nature, and the main nutritional ingredients of the pitaya include protein, dietary fiber, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin C, iron, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium and the like. It is rich in pulp fiber, carotene, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B12, C, etc., and kernel (seed of black sesame) contains rich mineral substances such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, etc., various enzymes, albumin, cellulose and high-concentration natural pigment anthocyanin (especially red meat).
According to statistics, the domestic dragon fruit planting scale reaches 60 ten thousand mu, but the domestic dragon fruit market demand is far from being met, more than 70% of the dragon fruits are imported from Vietnam, and therefore the domestic dragon fruits still have wide planting prospects.
The dragon fruits have large demand on organic fertilizers, the average annual demand per mu is more than 3-5 tons, most of the organic fertilizers on the market are simply fermented from animal wastes, and the organic fertilizers have a large amount of pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs and are low in survival rate of microorganisms after fertilization.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a biological agent, and aims to solve the problem that the survival rate of microorganisms in the existing biological bacterium organic fertilizer is low after the fertilizer is applied.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the preparation method of the biological agent comprises the following steps:
respectively adding various aerobic microbial bacteria into a mixed culture medium for carrying out amplification culture for 5-7 days to obtain an amplification culture of each aerobic microbial bacteria, and equivalently mixing the amplification cultures of the various aerobic microbial bacteria to obtain aerobic microbial mixed seed bacteria;
weighing 1-5 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, 40-50 parts by weight of rice bran, 10-20 parts by weight of corn flour and 20-40 parts by weight of rapeseed cakes, mixing, and turning and fermenting for 15-20 days to obtain an aerobic microorganism mixed strain;
respectively adding yeast and lactic acid bacteria into a liquid culture medium containing 10-15% of molasses to carry out expanded culture for 5-7 days to obtain a yeast culture solution and a lactic acid bacteria culture solution;
and weighing 0.5-1 part by weight of the yeast culture solution, 0.5-1 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 98-99 parts by weight of aerobic microorganism mixed strain, mixing, and fermenting for 30-40 days to obtain the biological agent.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a biological agent, and the biological agent is prepared by the preparation method of the biological agent.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a biological bacterium organic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of the biological agent and 85-95 parts of an organic fertilizer.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the biological bacterium organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: and (2) mixing 5-15 parts by weight of the biological agent and 85-95 parts by weight of an organic fertilizer to obtain the biological bacteria organic fertilizer.
According to the preparation method of the biological agent provided by the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of aerobic microbial bacteria are respectively added into the mixed culture medium for amplification culture, namely, one aerobic microbial bacteria is put into one mixed culture medium for amplification culture, so that the rapid propagation and growth of various aerobic microbial bacteria are facilitated; mixing various aerobic microorganisms obtained by amplification culture in an equivalent manner to obtain aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, weighing the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, rice bran, corn flour and rapeseed cakes in parts by weight according to a set formula, mixing, turning and fermenting for 15-20 days, and providing sufficient oxygen for the various aerobic microorganisms in the turning and throwing process, so that the various aerobic microorganisms can be rapidly fermented and propagated under the sufficient oxygen condition to obtain aerobic microorganism mixed strains, and the inactivation rate of the aerobic microorganisms is greatly reduced; respectively adding yeast and lactic acid bacteria into a liquid culture medium containing 10-15% of molasses for amplification culture, namely putting the yeast into the liquid culture medium containing 10-15% of molasses for amplification culture, putting the lactic acid bacteria into the liquid culture medium containing 10-15% of molasses for amplification culture, and in the process of amplification culture, the yeast and the lactic acid bacteria can fully utilize the nutrient components of the molasses in the liquid culture medium for rapid propagation and growth to obtain a yeast culture solution and a lactic acid bacteria culture solution; and then mixing and fermenting the cultured aerobic microorganism mixed strain, the yeast culture solution and the lactic acid bacteria culture solution for 30-40 days to obtain the biological agent. Aerobic microbial bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria (yeast and lactic acid bacteria) are cultured in a step-by-step culture mode, so that the aerobic microbial bacteria and the facultative anaerobic bacteria can be rapidly proliferated in an optimal culture environment suitable for growth and propagation of the aerobic microbial bacteria and the facultative anaerobic bacteria respectively, the culture period of the aerobic microbial bacteria and the facultative anaerobic bacteria is shortened, and the number and the quality of effective viable bacteria of the aerobic microbial bacteria and the facultative anaerobic bacteria can be improved. The prepared biological agent can be used for preparing a biological organic fertilizer, the effective viable count of the biological agent in the biological organic fertilizer applied to the soil of crops can reach (cfu) to 6.7 hundred million/g, and far exceeds 0.2 hundred million/g of the effective viable count (cfu) specified by the national standard of the biological organic fertilizer, namely the biological agent prepared by the preparation method has high survival rate in the soil, the biological agent acts on the planting soil of the crops to improve the microenvironment of the soil, can decompose organic matters in the soil into small molecules, is favorable for promoting the absorption and utilization of the crops, and metabolites of the biological agent also have the effect of improving the stress resistance of the crops, and is favorable for reducing the planting cost of the crops.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
According to the preparation method of the biological agent provided by the embodiment of the invention, aerobic microbial bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria (yeast and lactic acid bacteria) are cultured in a step-by-step culture mode, so that the aerobic microbial bacteria and the facultative anaerobic bacteria can be respectively and rapidly proliferated in an optimal culture environment suitable for growth and propagation of the aerobic microbial bacteria and the facultative anaerobic bacteria, the culture period of the aerobic microbial bacteria and the facultative anaerobic bacteria is shortened, and the number and the quality of effective viable bacteria of the aerobic microbial bacteria and the facultative anaerobic bacteria can. The prepared biological agent can be used for preparing a biological organic fertilizer, the effective viable count of the biological agent in the biological organic fertilizer applied to the soil of crops can reach (cfu) to 6.7 hundred million/g, which is far more than 0.2 hundred million/g of the effective viable count (cfu) specified by the national standard of the biological organic fertilizer, and the survival rate of the biological agent prepared by the preparation method in the soil is high.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a biological agent, which comprises the following steps:
respectively adding various aerobic microbial bacteria into a mixed culture medium for carrying out amplification culture for 5-7 days to obtain an amplification culture of each aerobic microbial bacteria, and equivalently mixing the amplification cultures of the various aerobic microbial bacteria to obtain aerobic microbial mixed seed bacteria;
weighing 1-5 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, 40-50 parts by weight of rice bran, 10-20 parts by weight of corn flour and 20-40 parts by weight of rapeseed cakes, mixing, and turning and fermenting for 15-20 days to obtain an aerobic microorganism mixed strain;
respectively adding yeast and lactic acid bacteria into a liquid culture medium containing 10-15% of molasses to carry out expanded culture for 5-7 days to obtain a yeast culture solution and a lactic acid bacteria culture solution;
and weighing 0.5-1 part by weight of the yeast culture solution, 0.5-1 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 98-99 parts by weight of aerobic microorganism mixed strain, mixing, and fermenting for 30-40 days to obtain the biological agent.
Preferably, the plurality of aerobic microbial bacteria comprise the following strains in parts by weight: 0.5-1 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.5-1 part of bacillus megaterium, 0.5-1 part of bacillus laterosporus, 0.5-2 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus and 0.5-1 part of bacillus licheniformis.
The bacillus subtilis and the bacillus megaterium have a phosphate-solubilizing effect, can convert ineffective phosphorus in soil into effective phosphorus capable of being absorbed by crops, promote the growth of root systems and plants of the crops, and improve the disease resistance of the crops.
The bacillus laterosporus can increase the biological nitrogen fixation amount and has good nitrogen fixation effect, or decomposes and releases elements such as phosphorus, potassium and the like contained in soil mineral substances to increase the soil fertility.
The bacillus licheniformis has stronger competitive and colonization ability, thereby preempting the infection site of the pathogenic bacteria, consuming the surrounding nutrients, preventing and interfering the infection of the pathogenic bacteria on the plant leaf surfaces and other organs, and playing the role of preventing diseases and inhibiting bacteria, thereby having good effect of inhibiting the pathogenic bacteria; the mycelium can be broken by adsorbing on the hypha of pathogenic bacteria and growing along with the growth of the hypha, and then generating a bacteriolytic substance to cause leakage of protoplasm; or the antibacterial substance is generated to dissolve the cell wall or cell membrane of the pathogenic spore, so that the phenomena of cell wall perforation, deformity and the like are caused to inhibit the spore germination, thereby playing the role of bacteria dissolution. The bacillus licheniformis can not only inhibit plant pathogenic bacteria, but also induce the self disease-resistant mechanism of plants so as to enhance the disease resistance of the plants. The bacillus licheniformis is widely applied to biofertilizers. When applied to crops or soil, can colonize in the rhizosphere or in vivo of crops and play a special fertilizer role. The bacillus licheniformis has stimulation effect on soil respiration and soil urease, and the larger the mass fraction of the bacillus licheniformis in the soil is, the greater the stimulation effect on the soil respiration intensity and the soil urease activity is.
Paecilomyces lilacinus belongs to endoparasitic fungi, is an important natural enemy of some plant parasitic nematodes, can parasitize eggs, can infect larvae and females, and can obviously reduce the harm of plant nematode diseases such as root-knot nematodes, cyst nematodes, stem nematodes and the like of various crops. The action mechanism is as follows: after the lilac blue green mildew spores germinate, the produced hyphae can penetrate the egg shells, the larvae and the walls of female adults of the nematodes, the hyphae can absorb nutrition in the bodies of the nematodes, and the hyphae can be propagated to destroy the normal physiological metabolism of the eggs, the larvae and the female adults, so that the plant parasitic nematodes die.
According to the embodiment of the invention, through the mutual cooperation of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus laterosporus, paecilomyces lilacinus and bacillus licheniformis, the number of beneficial microorganisms in soil can be greatly increased, the ratio of gram-positive bacteria to gram-negative bacteria is increased, the micro-ecological environment of the soil is improved, and the increase of the ratio of the gram-positive bacteria to the gram-negative bacteria is a mark for improving the soil quality. The mass propagation of the effective bacteria generates viscous secretion, increases soil organic matters, promotes the formation of soil granular structure, and improves the permeability, entropy-retaining property, heat-retaining property and fertilizer-retaining property of the soil; the fertilizer has the advantages of stimulating the root development of crops, promoting the growth of the crops, increasing the yield, improving the quality of the crops, lightening the plant diseases and insect pests, reducing the using amount of pesticides and pesticide residues, enhancing the photosynthesis of the crops, improving the utilization rate of organic fertilizers and saving the application cost of the fertilizers.
Alternatively, testa oryzae in the mixed culture medium can be replaced by testa Tritici, and semen Brassicae campestris cake can be replaced by semen Arachidis Hypogaeae cake.
Preferably, the mixed culture medium consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of rice bran or wheat bran, 40-45 parts of rapeseed cake or peanut cake and 5-10 parts of molasses.
Further, the method comprises the steps of weighing 1-5 parts by weight of aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, 40-50 parts by weight of rice bran, 10-20 parts by weight of corn flour and 20-40 parts by weight of rapeseed cakes, mixing, and performing turning fermentation for 15-20 days, and specifically comprises the following steps:
weighing 1-5 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, 40-50 parts by weight of rice bran, 10-20 parts by weight of corn flour and 20-40 parts by weight of rapeseed cakes, mixing, adjusting the water content of the mixed materials to 50-65%, turning and fermenting for 15 days to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria.
Further, the step of weighing 0.5-1 part by weight of the yeast culture solution, 0.5-1 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 98-99 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed strain, mixing, and fermenting for 30-40 days specifically comprises:
weighing 0.5-1 part by weight of the yeast culture solution, 0.5-1 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 98-99 parts by weight of aerobic microorganism mixed strain, mixing, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to 50-65%, piling up the mixed material upside down every 10 days, and fermenting for 30 days.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a biological agent, and the biological agent is prepared by the preparation method of the biological agent.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a biological bacterium organic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of the biological agent and 85-95 parts of an organic fertilizer.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of sheep manure, 30-40 parts of mushroom residues, 10-15 parts of tobacco powder, 2-5 parts of peanut cakes, 2-5 parts of castor bean meal and 0.5-1 part of zymophyte;
and mixing the sheep manure, mushroom residues, tobacco powder, peanut cakes, castor bean meal and zymophyte, adjusting the water content to 50-60%, fermenting and decomposing, and then turning and fermenting for 30-35 days to obtain the feed.
In the embodiment of the invention, mushroom dregs in the organic fertilizer contain a large amount of free amino acid, and tobacco powder contains nicotine, so that the effect of killing nematodes is achieved.
The fermentation bacteria can be organic fertilizer fermentation bacteria commonly used in the market (for example, organic fertilizer fermentation bacteria available from halobios science and technology ltd).
Preferably, the biological bacterium organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of the biological agent and 90 parts of organic fertilizer.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the biological bacterium organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: and (2) mixing 5-15 parts by weight of the biological agent and 85-95 parts by weight of an organic fertilizer to obtain the biological bacteria organic fertilizer.
The technical solution and the technical effect of the present invention will be further described by specific examples.
Examples 1,
The biological agent provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
respectively adding 0.5 part of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of bacillus megaterium, 0.6 part of bacillus laterosporus, 1 part of paecilomyces lilacinus and 0.6 part of bacillus licheniformis into a mixed culture medium for carrying out expanded culture for 5 days to obtain expanded cultures of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus laterosporus, the paecilomyces lilacinus and the bacillus licheniformis, and mixing the expanded cultures of various aerobic microorganisms in equal amount to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria. Wherein the mixed culture medium comprises 40 parts of rice bran or wheat bran, 45 parts of rapeseed cake or peanut cake and 10 parts of molasses.
Weighing 5 parts by weight of aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, 40 parts by weight of rice bran, 20 parts by weight of corn flour and 35 parts by weight of rapeseed cakes, mixing, and turning over and fermenting for 15 days to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria.
0.5 part of yeast and 1 part of lactic acid bacteria are respectively added into a liquid culture medium containing 10% molasses to carry out expanded culture for 7 days, so as to obtain a yeast culture solution and a lactic acid bacteria culture solution.
And weighing 0.85 part by weight of the yeast culture solution, 0.7 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 98 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed strain, mixing, and fermenting for 30 days to obtain the biological agent.
The organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of sheep manure, 30 parts of mushroom residues, 10 parts of tobacco powder, 2 parts of peanut cakes, 2.3 parts of castor bean meal and 0.65 part of zymophyte;
mixing sheep manure, mushroom residue, tobacco powder, peanut cake, castor bean meal and zymophyte, adjusting water content to 50%, fermenting and decomposing, and turning over and fermenting for 30 days to obtain the product.
The bio-organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
and mixing 10 parts by weight of the biological agent and 90 parts by weight of the organic fertilizer to obtain the biological bacteria organic fertilizer.
Examples 2,
The biological agent provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
respectively adding 0.6 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.9 part of bacillus megaterium, 0.5 part of bacillus laterosporus, 1.5 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus and 0.7 part of bacillus licheniformis into a mixed culture medium for carrying out amplification culture for 5 days to obtain amplification cultures of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus laterosporus, the paecilomyces lilacinus and the bacillus licheniformis, and mixing the amplification cultures of various aerobic microorganisms in equal amount to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria. Wherein the mixed culture medium comprises 50 parts of rice bran or wheat bran, 40 parts of rapeseed cake or peanut cake and 8 parts of molasses.
Weighing 4 parts by weight of aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, 45 parts by weight of rice bran, 15 parts by weight of corn flour and 30 parts by weight of rapeseed cakes, mixing, and turning over and fermenting for 15 days to obtain aerobic microorganism mixed bacteria;
adding yeast 0.6 parts and lactobacillus 0.75 parts into liquid culture medium containing 12% molasses respectively, and performing amplification culture for 5 days to obtain yeast culture solution and lactobacillus culture solution;
weighing 1 part by weight of the yeast culture solution, 0.9 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 99 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed strain, mixing, and fermenting for 30 days to obtain the biological agent.
The organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of sheep manure, 40 parts of mushroom residues, 15 parts of tobacco powder, 2.5 parts of peanut cakes, 5 parts of castor bean meal and 0.5 part of zymophyte;
mixing sheep manure, mushroom residue, tobacco powder, peanut cake, castor bean meal and zymophyte, adjusting water content to 50%, fermenting and decomposing, and turning over and fermenting for 30 days to obtain the product.
The bio-organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
and mixing 15 parts by weight of the biological agent and 85 parts by weight of the organic fertilizer to obtain the biological bacteria organic fertilizer.
Examples 3,
The biological agent provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
respectively adding 0.7 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.8 part of bacillus megaterium, 0.7 part of bacillus laterosporus, 2 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus and 0.9 part of bacillus licheniformis into a mixed culture medium for carrying out amplification culture for 6 days to obtain amplification cultures of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus laterosporus, the paecilomyces lilacinus and the bacillus licheniformis, and mixing the amplification cultures of various aerobic microorganisms in equal amount to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria. Wherein the mixed culture medium comprises 45 parts of rice bran or wheat bran, 42 parts of rapeseed cake or peanut cake and 7 parts of molasses.
Weighing 3.5 parts by weight of aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, 50 parts by weight of rice bran, 10 parts by weight of corn flour and 20 parts by weight of rapeseed cakes, mixing, and turning over and fermenting for 15 days to obtain aerobic microorganism mixed bacteria;
adding yeast 0.8 parts and lactobacillus 0.5 parts into liquid culture medium containing 11% molasses respectively, and performing amplification culture for 7 days to obtain yeast culture solution and lactobacillus culture solution;
and weighing 0.65 part by weight of the yeast culture solution, 0.8 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 98 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed strain, mixing, and fermenting for 40 days to obtain the biological agent.
The organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of sheep manure, 33 parts of mushroom residues, 12 parts of tobacco powder, 3 parts of peanut cakes, 3.5 parts of castor bean meal and 0.75 part of zymophyte;
mixing sheep manure, mushroom residue, tobacco powder, peanut cake, castor bean meal and zymophyte, adjusting water content to 60%, fermenting and decomposing, and turning over and fermenting for 35 days to obtain the product.
The bio-organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
and mixing 12 parts by weight of the biological agent and 88 parts by weight of the organic fertilizer to obtain the biological bacteria organic fertilizer.
Examples 4,
The biological agent provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
respectively adding 0.8 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.7 part of bacillus megaterium, 0.8 part of bacillus laterosporus, 0.5 part of paecilomyces lilacinus and 0.5 part of bacillus licheniformis into a mixed culture medium for amplification culture for 6 days to obtain amplification cultures of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus laterosporus, the paecilomyces lilacinus and the bacillus licheniformis, and mixing the amplification cultures of various aerobic microorganisms in equal amount to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria. Wherein the mixed culture medium comprises 50 parts of rice bran or wheat bran, 44 parts of rapeseed cake or peanut cake and 5 parts of molasses.
Weighing 1 part by weight of aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, 45 parts by weight of rice bran, 18 parts by weight of corn flour and 40 parts by weight of rapeseed cakes, mixing, and turning over and fermenting for 20 days to obtain aerobic microorganism mixed bacteria;
adding yeast 0.9 parts and lactobacillus 0.65 parts into liquid culture medium containing 13% molasses respectively, and performing amplification culture for 7 days to obtain yeast culture solution and lactobacillus culture solution;
and weighing 0.7 part by weight of the yeast culture solution, 0.6 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 99 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed strain, mixing, and fermenting for 35 days to obtain the biological agent.
The organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 38 parts of sheep manure, 34 parts of mushroom residues, 13 parts of tobacco powder, 3.5 parts of peanut cakes, 4.5 parts of castor bean pulp and 0.8 part of zymophyte;
mixing sheep manure, mushroom residue, tobacco powder, peanut cake, castor bean meal and zymophyte, adjusting water content to 60%, fermenting and decomposing, and then turning and fermenting for 30 days to obtain the product.
The bio-organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
and mixing 5 parts by weight of the biological agent and 95 parts by weight of the organic fertilizer to obtain the biological bacteria organic fertilizer.
Examples 5,
The biological agent provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
respectively adding 0.9 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.6 part of bacillus megaterium, 1 part of bacillus laterosporus, 0.8 part of paecilomyces lilacinus and 1 part of bacillus licheniformis into a mixed culture medium for carrying out expanded culture for 7 days to obtain expanded cultures of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus laterosporus, the paecilomyces lilacinus and the bacillus licheniformis, and mixing the expanded cultures of various aerobic microorganisms in equal amount to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria. Wherein the mixed culture medium comprises 43 parts of rice bran or wheat bran, 43 parts of rapeseed cake or peanut cake and 9 parts of molasses.
Weighing 2.5 parts by weight of aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, 48 parts by weight of rice bran, 16 parts by weight of corn flour and 25 parts by weight of rapeseed cakes, mixing, and turning over and fermenting for 20 days to obtain aerobic microorganism mixed bacteria;
respectively adding 1 part of yeast and 0.9 part of lactobacillus into a liquid culture medium containing 14% molasses for carrying out expanded culture for 5 days to obtain a yeast culture solution and a lactobacillus culture solution;
and weighing 0.9 part by weight of the yeast culture solution, 0.5 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 98 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed strain, mixing, and fermenting for 40 days to obtain the biological agent.
The organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of sheep manure, 35 parts of mushroom residues, 14 parts of tobacco powder, 4.5 parts of peanut cakes, 4 parts of castor bean meal and 0.85 part of zymophyte;
mixing sheep manure, mushroom residue, tobacco powder, peanut cake, castor bean meal and zymophyte, adjusting water content to 55%, fermenting and decomposing, and turning over and fermenting for 35 days to obtain the product.
The bio-organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
and mixing 8.5 parts by weight of the biological agent and 91.5 parts by weight of the organic fertilizer to obtain the biological bacteria organic fertilizer.
Examples 6,
The biological agent provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
respectively adding 1 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.5 part of bacillus megaterium, 0.9 part of bacillus laterosporus, 1.2 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus and 0.8 part of bacillus licheniformis into a mixed culture medium for carrying out amplification culture for 7 days to obtain amplification cultures of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus laterosporus, the paecilomyces lilacinus and the bacillus licheniformis, and mixing the amplification cultures of various aerobic microorganisms in equal amount to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria. Wherein the mixed culture medium comprises 42 parts of rice bran or wheat bran, 45 parts of rapeseed cake or peanut cake and 10 parts of molasses.
Weighing 5 parts by weight of aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, 50 parts by weight of rice bran, 15 parts by weight of corn flour and 35 parts by weight of rapeseed cakes, mixing, and turning over and fermenting for 20 days to obtain aerobic microorganism mixed bacteria;
adding yeast 0.65 parts and lactobacillus 0.55 parts into liquid culture medium containing 15% molasses respectively, and performing amplification culture for 7 days to obtain yeast culture solution and lactobacillus culture solution;
and weighing 0.5 part by weight of the yeast culture solution, 1 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 99 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed strain, mixing, and fermenting for 30 days to obtain the biological agent.
The organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 36 parts of sheep manure, 38 parts of mushroom residues, 11 parts of tobacco powder, 5 parts of peanut cakes, 3.8 parts of castor bean meal and 1 part of zymophyte;
mixing sheep manure, mushroom residue, tobacco powder, peanut cake, castor bean meal and zymophyte, adjusting water content to 50%, fermenting and decomposing, and turning over and fermenting for 30 days to obtain the product.
The bio-organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
and mixing 10 parts by weight of the biological agent and 90 parts by weight of the organic fertilizer to obtain the biological bacteria organic fertilizer.
The following performance tests are performed on the prepared biological agent to further illustrate the technical effects of the biological agent prepared by the preparation method of the biological agent provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Experimental examples one,
Comparative examples 1,
The comparative example 1 is different from the above example 2 only in that the turning fermentation time of the aerobic microorganism is adjusted to 5 days to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed strain.
Comparative examples 2,
Comparative example 2 is different from example 2 only in that the turning fermentation time of the aerobic microorganism is adjusted to 8 days to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed strain.
Comparative examples 3,
The comparative example 3 is different from the above example 2 only in that the turning fermentation time of the aerobic microorganism is adjusted to 12 days to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed strain.
Comparative examples 4,
Comparative example 4 is different from example 2 only in that the turning fermentation time of the aerobic microorganism is adjusted to 20 days to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed strain.
Comparative examples 5,
The comparative example 5 is different from the above example 2 only in that the turning fermentation time of the aerobic microorganism is adjusted to 21 days to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed strain.
The microbial agents prepared in the above example 2 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to microbial content measurement according to the relevant standards in the "national bio-organic fertilizer standards", and the test results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
From the test results of table 1 above, it can be seen that the content of the microorganisms in the aerobic mixed culture gradually increases with the increase of the turning fermentation time, and the highest peak appears at 15 days, and the trend gradually decreases from 20 days later. Considering the time cost of turning fermentation, the turning fermentation time is preferably 15-20 days, so that the quantity and quality of microorganisms in the aerobic microorganism mixed strain can be ensured.
Experiment two,
Comparative examples 6,
Comparative example 6 differs from example 2 above only in that: the fermentation time of the mixture of the yeast culture solution, the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and the aerobic microorganism mixed strain is adjusted to 5 days.
Comparative examples 7,
Comparative example 7 differs from example 2 above only in that: the fermentation time of the mixture of the yeast culture solution, the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and the aerobic microorganism mixed strain is adjusted to 10 days.
Comparative examples 8,
Comparative example 8 differs from example 2 above only in that: the fermentation time of the mixture of the yeast culture solution, the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and the aerobic microorganism mixed strain is adjusted to 15 days.
Comparative examples 9,
Comparative example 9 differs from example 2 above only in that: the fermentation time of the mixture of the yeast culture solution, the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and the aerobic microorganism mixed strain is adjusted to 20 days.
Comparative examples 10,
Comparative example 10 differs from example 2 above only in that: the fermentation time of the mixture of the yeast culture solution, the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and the aerobic microorganism mixed strain is adjusted to 25 days.
Comparative examples 11,
Comparative example 11 differs from example 2 above only in that: the fermentation time of the mixture of the yeast culture solution, the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and the aerobic microorganism mixed strain is adjusted to 35 days.
Comparative example 12,
Comparative example 12 differs from example 2 above only in that: the fermentation time of the mixture of the yeast culture solution, the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and the aerobic microorganism mixed strain is adjusted to 40 days.
Comparative example 13,
Comparative example 13 differs from example 2 above only in that: the fermentation time of the mixture of the yeast culture solution, the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and the aerobic microorganism mixed strain is adjusted to 45 days.
The yeast content and the lactic acid bacteria content of the biological agents prepared in the above example 2 and the comparative examples 5 to 13 were measured according to the related measurement method in GB 4789.2-2016, "determination of total number of colonies in food safety national standard food microbiology test", and the test results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
From the test results in the above table 2, it can be seen that, as the fermentation time increases, the content of yeast and lactic acid bacteria in the biological agent increases sharply during 5-20 days of fermentation, reaches an increase peak period after 30 days, decreases slightly after 30 days, and then becomes stable, and shows a relatively obvious decrease trend after 45 days, and the fermentation time cost is considered comprehensively, and the fermentation time of the mixture of the yeast culture solution, the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and the aerobic microorganism mixed strain is preferably adjusted to 30-40 days.
Experiment III,
Comparative example 14,
Comparative example 14 differs from example 1 above only in that: the biological bacteria organic fertilizer is 100 parts of organic fertilizer, namely, no biological agent is added.
Comparative examples 15,
Comparative example 15 differs from example 1 above only in that: the biological bacteria organic fertilizer is prepared from 5 parts of biological bacteria agent and 95 parts of organic fertilizer.
Comparative examples 16,
Comparative example 16 differs from example 1 above only in that: the biological bacteria organic fertilizer is prepared from 10 parts of biological bacteria agent and 90 parts of organic fertilizer.
Comparative examples 17,
Comparative example 17 differs from example 1 above only in that: the biological bacteria organic fertilizer is prepared from 12 parts of biological bacteria agent and 88 parts of organic fertilizer.
Comparative examples 18,
Comparative example 18 differs from example 1 above only in that: the biological bacteria organic fertilizer is prepared from 20 parts of biological bacteria agent and 85 parts of organic fertilizer.
In the test process, test areas of the dragon fruits which are planted in the same area and have good growth conditions at the seedling stage are divided into 6 test areas, 500 dragon fruit seedlings are planted in each test area, and before the test, the dragon fruit seedlings in each test area do not have the phenomenon of yellowing of branches, namely the phenomena of shriveling and yellowing of the branches.
During the test, the biological bacterial organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 and the biological bacterial organic fertilizer prepared in the comparative examples 14 to 18 are respectively applied to the 6 test areas, namely the biological bacterial organic fertilizer provided in the embodiment 2 is applied to the dragon fruit sapling in the 1 st test area, the biological bacterial organic fertilizer … … provided in the comparative example 14 is applied to the dragon fruit sapling in the 2 nd test area, and the like, and the biological bacterial organic fertilizer provided in the comparative example 18 is applied to the dragon fruit sapling in the 6 th test area. The test is completed in 4 weeks, the branch yellowing condition of the dragon fruit seedlings in each test area is checked and recorded in the last day of each week, the branch yellowing rate of the test areas is calculated, 20 branches are randomly extracted by using measuring tools such as a measuring tape or a tape measure to measure the diameter of the main stem of the dragon fruit seedlings, and the average main stem value (unit, cm) of the dragon fruit seedlings in the test areas is calculated. After the test is completed, the branch yellowing rate and the average main stem diameter of the dragon fruit seedlings in each test area are counted, and the test results after the test are shown in the following table 3:
wherein,
TABLE 3
As can be seen from the test results in table 3 above, comparative example 14 is different from example 1 only in whether the biological agent provided in the example of the present invention is added, the biological agent is not added in comparative example 14, and 15 parts by weight of the biological agent is added in example 1, after 4 weeks of the test, the yellowing rate of the branches of the dragon fruit in the test area corresponding to comparative example 14 is 4.2%, the average main stem diameter of the dragon fruit sapling is 5.5cm, while the yellowing rate of the branches of example 1 is only 0.6%, and the average main stem diameter of the dragon fruit sapling is 6.6 cm. Therefore, the biological bacterium organic fertilizer added with the biological bacterium agent provided by the embodiment of the invention can obviously reduce the branch yellowing rate of the dragon fruit saplings and can promote the robust growth of the dragon fruit saplings.
From the test results of the comparative example 14, the example 1 and the comparative examples 15 to 18, it can be seen that the branch yellowing rate of the dragon fruit saplings is gradually reduced along with the increase of the dosage of the biological agent, when the dosage of the biological agent accounts for 10% of the biological agent organic fertilizer, the branch yellowing rate of the dragon fruit saplings can be reduced to 0.60%, the average stem diameter can reach 6.6cm, and when the dosage of the biological agent is continuously increased, the branch yellowing rate and the average stem diameter of the dragon fruit saplings basically do not change, so that the dosage of the biological agent is preferably 5 to 15 parts in consideration of the planting cost and the comprehensive benefit.
Experiment four,
Comparative example 19, a special organic fertilizer for commercial dragon fruit.
According to the testing method of the effective viable count in the national standard of biological organic fertilizer, the biological organic fertilizer provided in the embodiments 1 to 6 and the organic fertilizer special for dragon fruit in the comparative example 19 are tested for the effective viable count, each test sample is tested for 3 times repeatedly, the average value is taken, and the statistical test result is shown in the following table 4:
TABLE 4
From the test results in the table 4, it can be seen that the content of effective bacteria in the biological bacterial organic fertilizer provided by the embodiments 1 to 6 can reach more than 6.45 hundred million/g, and can reach 6.7 hundred million/g at most, which is far higher than the effective viable count in the comparative example 19 and the national standard of biological organic fertilizer. Therefore, the biological bacteria organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention has large quantity of organic viable bacteria, can well improve the soil micro-ecological environment of crops, promotes the root growth and the disease prevention and resistance of the crops, is beneficial to reducing the use amount of the organic fertilizer, reduces the planting cost and simultaneously improves the quality of the crops.
The 6 biological bacterial organic fertilizers prepared in the embodiments 1-6 and the commercial organic fertilizer special for the dragon fruits in the comparative example 19 are selected from the dragon fruits cultivated in the same land at the same time, 7 test areas are divided, the numbers of the test areas are 1-7, the test fertilizers are applied to the test areas respectively, namely the biological bacterial organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 is applied to the dragon fruits in the test area 1, the biological bacterial organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 2 is applied to the dragon fruits in the test area 2, … … is analogized, and the commercial organic fertilizer special for the dragon fruits in the comparative example 19 is applied to the test area 7. The same field management method is adopted for management cultivation during the test period, tracking statistics is carried out on the yellowing degree, disease resistance, robustness and the number of branches of the dragon fruit, and the statistical result is shown in the following table 5 after the test is finished for 10 months:
wherein, the evaluation standard of the yellowing degree of the branches is as follows: the branches are shriveled and yellowed seriously; plants are slightly shrunken and yellow and are generally yellow; the plants are yellow and yellow.
Evaluation criteria of disease resistance: the disease incidence of the plants is obviously increased compared with the statistical data in the past year, and the disease resistance is poor; the disease resistance of the plants is general if the difference of the plant morbidity is less than that of the statistical data in the past year; the disease resistance is strong if the plant morbidity is obviously reduced.
The degree of robustness: the method is evaluated by measuring the growth main stem diameter of the dragon fruit plants, during the test period, the dragon fruit plants in the test area are sampled and detected, and the average main stem diameter of the dragon fruit is calculated, and the larger the average main stem diameter is, the stronger the dragon fruit is.
TABLE 5
From the test results in the table 5 above, it can be seen that the dragon fruits applied with the biological bacterium organic fertilizer provided by the embodiments 1-6 of the present invention have no branch yellowing phenomenon, and the average number of mature branches is more than 6, the disease resistance is strong, the average diameter of main stem can reach more than 6.0cm, and compared with the organic fertilizer special for the dragon fruits sold in the market, the organic fertilizer has better effects of promoting growth, preventing diseases and strengthening branches.
In summary, the biological agent prepared by the preparation method of the biological agent provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for preparing a biological organic fertilizer, the effective viable count (cfu) of the biological agent in the biological organic fertilizer applied to the soil of crops can reach 6.7 hundred million/g, which is far more than 0.2 hundred million/g of the effective viable count (cfu) specified by the national standard of the biological organic fertilizer, namely the biological agent prepared by the preparation method has high survival rate in the soil, acts on the planting soil of the crops, can improve the microenvironment of the soil, can decompose organic matters in the soil into small molecules, is beneficial to promoting the absorption and utilization of the crops, and metabolites of the biological agent also have the effect of improving the stress resistance of the crops, and is beneficial to reducing the planting cost of the crops.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a biological agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
respectively adding various aerobic microbial bacteria into a mixed culture medium for carrying out amplification culture for 5-7 days to obtain an amplification culture of each aerobic microbial bacteria, and equivalently mixing the amplification cultures of the various aerobic microbial bacteria to obtain aerobic microbial mixed seed bacteria;
weighing 1-5 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, 40-50 parts by weight of rice bran, 10-20 parts by weight of corn flour and 20-40 parts by weight of rapeseed cakes, mixing, and turning and fermenting for 15-20 days to obtain an aerobic microorganism mixed strain;
respectively adding yeast and lactic acid bacteria into a liquid culture medium containing 10-15% of molasses to carry out expanded culture for 5-7 days to obtain a yeast culture solution and a lactic acid bacteria culture solution;
and weighing 0.5-1 part by weight of the yeast culture solution, 0.5-1 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 98-99 parts by weight of aerobic microorganism mixed strain, mixing, and fermenting for 30-40 days to obtain the biological agent.
2. The method for preparing a biological agent according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of aerobic microbial strains comprise the following strains in parts by weight: 0.5-1 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.5-1 part of bacillus megaterium, 0.5-1 part of bacillus laterosporus, 0.5-2 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus and 0.5-1 part of bacillus licheniformis.
3. The preparation method of the biological agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed culture medium is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of rice bran or wheat bran, 40-45 parts of rapeseed cake or peanut cake and 5-10 parts of molasses.
4. The preparation method of the biological agent according to claim 1, wherein the steps of weighing 1-5 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, 40-50 parts by weight of rice bran, 10-20 parts by weight of corn flour and 20-40 parts by weight of rapeseed cake, mixing, and turning and fermenting for 15-20 days specifically comprise:
weighing 1-5 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria, 40-50 parts by weight of rice bran, 10-20 parts by weight of corn flour and 20-40 parts by weight of rapeseed cakes, mixing, adjusting the water content of the mixed materials to 50-65%, turning and fermenting for 15 days to obtain the aerobic microorganism mixed seed bacteria.
5. The method for preparing a biological agent according to claim 1, wherein the step of weighing 0.5-1 part by weight of the yeast culture solution, 0.5-1 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 98-99 parts by weight of the aerobic microorganism mixed strain, mixing, and fermenting for 30-40 days specifically comprises:
weighing 0.5-1 part by weight of the yeast culture solution, 0.5-1 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 98-99 parts by weight of aerobic microorganism mixed strain, mixing, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to 50-65%, piling up the mixed material upside down every 10 days, and fermenting for 30 days.
6. A biological agent, which is prepared by the preparation method of the biological agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The biological bacterium organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
5-15 parts of the biological agent as claimed in claim 6 and 85-95 parts of an organic fertilizer.
8. The biological bacterial organic fertilizer of claim 7, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of sheep manure, 30-40 parts of mushroom residues, 10-15 parts of tobacco powder, 2-5 parts of peanut cakes, 2-5 parts of castor bean meal and 0.5-1 part of zymophyte;
and mixing the sheep manure, mushroom residues, tobacco powder, peanut cakes, castor bean meal and zymophyte, adjusting the water content to 50-60%, fermenting and decomposing, and then turning and fermenting for 30-35 days to obtain the feed.
9. The biological bacterial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of biological agent according to claim 6 and 90 parts of organic fertilizer.
10. The preparation method of the biological bacterial organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (2) mixing 5-15 parts by weight of the biological agent and 85-95 parts by weight of an organic fertilizer to obtain the biological bacteria organic fertilizer.
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