CN110238397A - 一种氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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Abstract
本发明公开了属于增材制造技术领域的一种氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件的制备方法。本发明制备方法包括步骤:(1)利用选择性激光熔覆,将由铜粉、纳米氧化铝组成的混合粉末打印成型;(2)对步骤(1)所得成型件进行热处理。本发明将增材制造技术与弥散强化技术相结合,原料来源较易获取,工艺流程大幅度缩短;利用本发明制备方法得到的铜合金件弥散相分布均匀、致密度得到显著提高、并具有良好导电性和力学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于增材制造技术领域,特别涉及一种氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件的制备方法。
背景技术
金属材料的强化方式包括应变强化、固溶强化及沉淀硬化或时效硬化;与应变强化、固溶强化、沉淀强化或时效强化相比,弥散强化突破再结晶温度限制(0.35~0.40Tm),在接近熔点(0.8-0.9Tm)的温度下依然保持强化作用。弥散强化是在金属基体中引入稳定、均匀、细小的第二相质点,阻碍位错运动,从而强化材料的方法。这种第二相粒子是机械混入或者一次性析出的第二相粒子,将合金加热到较高温度下,它们不再发生溶解。金属材料中产生强化效果的第二相粒子,必须是比较均匀地分散于金属中的细小颗粒。具有比较好的强化效果的第二相粒子,直径一般在几到十几纳米之间,而过大的粒子虽然对于位错的运动产生强烈阻碍作用,却会降低金属抗断裂性能、降低塑性。
颗粒弥散增强铜基复合触头材料的传统成型过程繁琐复杂,如图1所示。目前,弥散强化铜材料致密化过程中,需要对其进行热挤压和热等静压,存在工艺流程长、过程控制难度大和成本高等问题,且材料致密化程度不高,严重影响材料性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件的制备方法,具体技术方案如下:
一种氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件的制备方法包括步骤:
(1)利用选择性激光熔覆,将由铜粉、纳米氧化铝组成的混合粉末打印成型;
(2)对步骤(1)所得成型件进行热处理。
所述步骤(1)中混合粉末由铜粉、纳米氧化铝均匀混合而成。
所述步骤(1)混合粉末中纳米氧化铝的质量百分数为0.1%-5%。
所述步骤(1)铜粉为雾化球形铜粉,粒径为5-40μm,粉末的相对密度为30-40%。
所述步骤(1)纳米氧化铝颗粒尺寸为1-15nm。
所述步骤(1)中选择性激光熔覆具体参数为:光斑直径为0.05-0.2mm,激光功率为100-350W,扫描速度600-1400mm/s,扫描间距0.05-0.2mm,铺粉厚度为0.01-0.04mm;选择性激光熔覆对混合粉末的熔化温度达到1100-1300℃;所述熔化温度下,增强相纳米氧化铝的纳米结构不变。
所述步骤(2)中热处理气氛为氢气、氮气或氩气,热处理温度为500-700℃,热处理时间为2-5h。
利用所述制备方法制得的氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件的室温抗拉强度达到300MPa以上,室温电导率达到90%IACS以上。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)与传统弥散强化铜制备加工工艺相比,本发明提供的制备方法将增材制造技术(俗称3D打印)与弥散强化技术相结合,原料来源较易获取,工艺流程大幅度缩短;利用本发明制备方法得到的铜合金件弥散相分布均匀、致密度得到显著提高、并具有良好导电性和力学性能;
(2)本发明提供的方法能够在保证铜合金高强度高导电的同时,按照个性化需求快速制备成型件,无需使用模具,具有流程短、绿色制造、可个性化定制、成本低的特点,应用前景广阔。
附图说明
附图1为颗粒弥散增强铜基复合触头材料的传统成型过程;
附图2为本发明氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件的制备工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件的制备方法,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
如附图2所示的氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件的制备工艺流程图,先利用计算机建立三维几何模型,调整参数、打印功率和扫描速率,得到模型文件;然后将三维模型文件导入SLM打印机中,在高纯氩气气氛下,将均匀混合的球形铜粉与纳米氧化铝颗粒放入SLM打印机中,根据扫描模型逐层打印,得到成型件;最后将所得成型件热处理,使成型件中成分更加均匀,即制得氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件。
实施例1
根据附图2,利用下述步骤制备0.1wt%Al2O3弥散强化Cu复合材料件:
(1)以球形铜粉与纳米氧化铝颗粒的混合粉末作为原材料,其中Al2O3在混合粉末中的质量分数为0.1wt%;
(2)通过选择性激光熔覆技术打印成型,调整打印机参数使温度控制在1150℃;
(3)将步骤(2)成型件在保护气氛中,600℃温度下,进行3.5h热处理,使步骤(2)所得成型件成分均匀。
利用上述步骤所得材料的室温拉伸强度为316MPa,室温电导率为92%IACS。
实施例2
根据附图2,利用下述步骤制备2wt%Al2O3弥散强化Cu复合材料件:
(1)以球形铜粉与纳米氧化铝颗粒的混合粉末作为原材料,其中Al2O3在混合粉末中的质量分数为2wt%;
(2)通过选择性激光熔覆技术打印成型,调整打印机参数使温度控制在1200℃;
(3)将步骤(2)成型件在保护气氛中,550℃温度下,进行2.5h热处理,使步骤(2)所得成型件成分均匀。
利用上述步骤所得材料的室温拉伸强度为345MPa,室温电导率为93%IACS。
实施例3
根据附图2,利用下述步骤制备3wt%Al2O3弥散强化Cu复合材料件:
(1)以球形铜粉与纳米氧化铝颗粒的混合粉末作为原材料,其中Al2O3在混合粉末中的质量分数为3wt%;
(2)通过选择性激光熔覆技术打印成型,调整打印机参数使温度控制在1250℃;
(3)将步骤(2)成型件在保护气氛中,500℃温度下,进行5h热处理,使步骤(2)所得成型件成分均匀。
利用上述步骤所得材料的室温拉伸强度为360MPa,室温电导率为95%IACS。
Claims (7)
1.一种氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
(1)利用选择性激光熔覆,将由铜粉、纳米氧化铝组成的混合粉末打印成型;
(2)对步骤(1)所得成型件进行热处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)混合粉末中纳米氧化铝的质量百分数为0.1%-5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)铜粉为雾化球形铜粉,粒径为5-40μm,粉末的相对密度为30-40%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)纳米氧化铝颗粒尺寸为1-15nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中选择性激光熔覆对混合粉末的熔化温度为1100-1300℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中热处理气氛为氢气、氮气或氩气,热处理温度为500-700℃,热处理时间为2-5h。
7.一种权利要求1-6任一项所述制备方法制得的氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件,其特征在于,所述氧化铝弥散强化铜合金件的室温抗拉强度达到300MPa以上,室温电导率达到90%IACS以上。
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CN111926213A (zh) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-11-13 | 广东合一纳米材料科技有限公司 | 一种纳米铜合金 |
CN112719297A (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-04-30 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | 一种3d打印高致密弥散强化铜零件的方法 |
CN113441730A (zh) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-28 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | 一种大型弥散强化铜构件的增材制造方法 |
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