CN110214971B - Method for improving sensory quality of inferior tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Method for improving sensory quality of inferior tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN110214971B CN110214971B CN201910622877.7A CN201910622877A CN110214971B CN 110214971 B CN110214971 B CN 110214971B CN 201910622877 A CN201910622877 A CN 201910622877A CN 110214971 B CN110214971 B CN 110214971B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/22—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by application of electric or wave energy or particle radiation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/04—Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco
Abstract
A method for improving the sensory quality of inferior tobacco leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, irradiating low-grade tobacco leaves by gamma rays; secondly, uniformly applying moisture to the irradiated tobacco leaves to improve the moisture content of the tobacco leaves to 22-28%, or soaking the irradiated tobacco leaves in water of 45-65 ℃ for washing for 5-30 s; and finally, drying the tobacco leaves with increased water content or washed with water at high temperature, and adjusting the water content to 12-13%. Compared with the existing method for improving the quality of inferior tobacco leaves, the method disclosed by the invention not only can degrade macromolecular substances affecting the sensory quality in the inferior tobacco leaves, but also can remove the content of small molecular substances affecting the harmony of chemical components of the tobacco leaves, obviously improves the sensory quality of the inferior tobacco leaves and improves the use value of the inferior tobacco leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cigarette tobacco raw materials, in particular to a method for improving sensory quality of inferior tobacco.
Background
The inferior tobacco leaves generally refer to the low-grade tobacco leaves with obvious sensory quality defects in the tobacco leaf raw materials, and have the advantages of less fragrance, heavy miscellaneous gas, large irritation, poor aftertaste and obvious dry feeling, and from the chemical components, the contents of total nitrogen, total sugar and the like are higher, the contents of macromolecular substances such as starch, protein and the like are higher, the contents of reducing sugar, aroma components and the like are low, and the chemical components are not coordinated integrally, so that the inferior tobacco leaves are not collected or purchased and are abandoned in the field or are only used for low-grade cigarette formulas, and the waste of resources is caused.
In order to improve the use value of inferior tobacco leaves, the prior art mainly comprises the following three aspects: firstly, the quality of tobacco leaves is improved by applying biological enzymes or microorganisms, such as: after the tobacco leaves are subjected to combined treatment by alpha-amylase, cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, protease and the like (see Chinese patent 200410087655.3; Guizhou agricultural science, 2015,43 (1): page 35-39 and the like), the irritation of low-time tobacco leaf smoking is reduced, the fragrance is increased, and the aftertaste is improved; the sensory quality of the tobacco leaves can be improved by adopting fungal strains, anaerobic bacteria and the like under different environmental conditions (see bioprocessing engineering, pages 2014, 12 (5): 52-56; tropical crop college, 2012, 33 (11): 2066-; secondly, adjusting the processing technical parameters of key procedures such as moisture regain and drying in the existing cigarette tobacco shred processing process or the process flow, and improving the sensory quality of inferior tobacco leaves (see Chinese patent 201210563203.2); thirdly, the inferior tobacco leaves are converted into non-tobacco uses, proteins, nicotine and the like are extracted from the inferior tobacco leaves, and the processed inferior tobacco leaves are processed into additional value products such as biological peptide, amino acid, tobacco flavor and the like (see Chinese patent 201610390569; journal of university of agriculture and forestry, 2005, 33 (11): pages 67-71 and the like).
The prior art has the following defects: firstly, a method for processing inferior tobacco leaves by adopting biological enzymes and microorganisms needs to accurately control the activity, application amount, action time and the like of the enzymes and the microorganisms on one hand, and needs to perform high-temperature inactivation treatment on the processed tobacco leaves on the other hand, in the actual production, no processing equipment suitable for processing the enzymes and the microorganisms of the tobacco leaves on a large scale exists, and in the actual large-scale tobacco leaf shredding processing process, the high-temperature biological inactivation method is more difficult to accurately control and measure due to the problems of the thickness, the mixing uniformity and the like of materials, and when a small amount of non-inactivated enzymes or microorganisms remain in the processed tobacco leaves, serious quality risks are caused to cigarette products using the tobacco leaves; secondly, the existing cigarette tobacco shred making process and flow adjustment method are adopted, although the quality of inferior tobacco leaves can be partially improved, the tobacco leaf quality is only partially improved because the temperature and the moisture of the tobacco leaves are only adjusted within a certain range, and the influence on macromolecular substances such as starch and protein with higher tobacco leaf content and substances such as cellulose and hemicellulose which are difficult to dissolve in water is small; thirdly, the treatment method for extracting partial components from the inferior tobacco leaves has higher cost, and is only a remedial measure for the abandoned inferior tobacco leaves compared with the cost of manpower, material resources and the like for the production of the tobacco leaves.
The gamma ray irradiation can degrade macromolecular substances such as protein, cellulose, lignin and the like in organisms, is widely applied to the fields of food preservation and fresh keeping, and is also applied to the pretreatment of biomass degradation and conversion. Chinese patent CN 1179671C adopts gamma ray irradiation to treat tobacco leaves on the upper part of the tobacco, reduces the protein content in the tobacco leaves and improves the sensory quality of the tobacco leaves. However, because the gamma-ray irradiation only degrades macromolecular substances, degraded sugar and nitrogen substances still exist in the tobacco leaves, the phenomenon of incompatibility of chemical components such as sugar-nitrogen ratio, nitrogen-alkali ratio and the like of the tobacco leaves still exists, and the sensory quality is only slightly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the method for improving the sensory quality of inferior tobacco leaves aiming at the defects, and the method can obviously improve the sensory quality defect of the inferior tobacco leaves and has better repeatability and higher stability.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a method for improving sensory quality of inferior tobacco leaves comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, irradiating low-grade tobacco leaves by gamma rays;
(2) uniformly applying water to the irradiated tobacco leaves to improve the water content of the tobacco leaves to 22-28%, or soaking the irradiated tobacco leaves in water at the temperature of 45-65 ℃ for washing for 5-30 s;
(3) and finally, drying the tobacco leaves with increased water content or washed with water at high temperature, and adjusting the water content to 12-13%.
In the invention, the gamma-ray irradiation dose of the inferior tobacco leaves is 60-250 kGy. And setting different irradiation doses according to different parts of the inferior tobacco leaves. For the upper tobacco leaves, the irradiation dose is 100-250kGy, and the irradiation dose of the lower tobacco leaves is 60-150 kGy.
The washing time of the inferior tobacco leaves is set to be different according to different parts. For the upper tobacco leaves, the water washing time is 10-30s, and the water washing time for the lower tobacco leaves is 5-15 s.
The gamma ray irradiation source is cobalt 60 or cesium-137.
The method for applying the moisture of the inferior tobacco leaves can be realized by manually applying the moisture, and can also be applied by a leaf wetting machine, a loosening and moisture regaining machine, a super moisture regaining machine and the like.
The high-temperature drying mode of the inferior tobacco leaves can adopt a mesh belt type redrying machine, a box type baking machine, a drum type drying machine, an airflow type drying machine and the like for drying; the temperature of the high-temperature drying is controlled at 170-250 ℃.
The principle of the invention is that firstly, macromolecular substances such as protein, starch and the like in inferior tobacco leaves are fully degraded through high-dose gamma ray irradiation, and macromolecular substances which are difficult to degrade under the low-dose irradiation condition such as cellulose, hemicellulose and the like are effectively degraded; and secondly, by improving the water content of the irradiated tobacco leaves or washing the tobacco leaves with water and performing high-temperature rapid dehydration and drying, micromolecular water-soluble substances or low-boiling-point micromolecular substances such as monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide, aldehydes, acids, alcohols, carbon dioxide, hydrogen peroxide and the like generated by gamma-ray degradation are further removed, so that the chemical component harmony of the inferior tobacco leaves is improved, and the sensory quality of the inferior tobacco leaves is improved.
Compared with the existing method for improving the quality of inferior tobacco leaves, the method disclosed by the invention not only can degrade macromolecular substances affecting the sensory quality in the inferior tobacco leaves, but also can remove the content of small molecular substances affecting the harmony of chemical components of the tobacco leaves, obviously improves the sensory quality of the inferior tobacco leaves and improves the use value of the inferior tobacco leaves.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the following examples:
the method for improving the sensory quality of inferior tobacco leaves comprises three steps of gamma ray irradiation, water content improvement or water washing of the tobacco leaves and high-temperature drying, and the specific contents of the steps are as follows:
1. gamma ray irradiation: irradiating the inferior tobacco leaves by adopting a gamma ray irradiation device. For the upper tobacco leaves, the irradiation dose is set to be 100-250kGy, and the irradiation dose of the lower tobacco leaves is set to be 60-150 kGy.
2. Improving the moisture content of the tobacco leaves or washing: and (4) spraying water or soaking the irradiated low-grade tobacco leaves to improve the water content of the low-grade tobacco leaves. The water can be applied manually or by a wetting machine, a loosening and dampening machine, a super dampening machine and the like, and the water content of the low-grade tobacco leaves added with water is increased to 22-28%; the soaking mode can adopt water tank type or vibration tank type dampening equipment for treatment, the water temperature is 45-65 ℃, the washing time for the upper tobacco leaves is 10-30s, and the washing time for the lower tobacco leaves is 5-15 s.
3. And (3) high-temperature drying: and (3) drying the tobacco leaves with increased water content or washed with water at high temperature, wherein the drying temperature is controlled at 170-250 ℃. Drying the tobacco leaves sprayed with water by adopting a mesh belt type redrying machine, a drum dryer and an airflow dryer; the tobacco leaves after being washed can be dried by adopting a mesh belt type redrying machine and a box type baking machine, and the moisture content of the dried tobacco flakes is set to be 12-13%.
Example 1
The lower part of the low-grade tobacco leaves of 2015 year of Qingyang in Gansu of a certain cigarette industry enterprise in China is graded as X4F，Sensory evaluation shows that the cigarette has poor aroma quality, less aroma amount, obvious miscellaneous gas such as scorched gas, wood gas and the like, obvious dry feeling and irritation of the oral cavity and poor aftertaste, and the proportion of the five cigarette formulas is 3%. In order to improve the sensory quality and the formula use proportion, the method is adopted to treat the inferior tobacco leaves. The specific process is as follows:
1. gamma ray irradiation: and irradiating the low-grade tobacco leaves of Qingyang X4F in Gansu province in 2015 by adopting a gamma ray irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is set to be 75 kGy.
2. Washing with water: and (3) washing the irradiated low-grade tobacco leaves with water by adopting water tank type moisture regaining equipment, wherein the water temperature is 50 ℃, and the washing time is 15 s.
3. And (3) high-temperature drying: and (3) drying the washed tobacco leaves at high temperature by adopting an airflow type dryer, wherein the hot air temperature is set to be 220 ℃, and the moisture content of the tobacco leaves at the outlet of the dryer is set to be 12.5%.
The evaluation group consists of 11 tobacco sensory evaluation personnel, sensory comparison evaluation is carried out on 2015-year Gansu Qingyang X4F low-grade tobacco leaves before and after treatment by the method, and the results show that (table 1) after treatment by the method, the low-grade tobacco leaves are obviously reduced in miscellaneous gas, the fragrance score is obviously improved, and negative indexes such as irritation, dry sensation and the like are obviously improved. Through formula adjustment, the use proportion of the tobacco leaves in the formula of the five types of cigarettes is increased to 8%, and the sensory quality of the product is kept stable.
TABLE 1 evaluation results of sensory quality of tobacco leaf X4F Qingyang in Gansu province before and after 2015 years of treatment
| Index (I) | Quality of fragrance | Amount of fragrance | Miscellaneous qi | Concentration of | Stiff head | Irritation property | Feeling of dryness | Aftertaste |
| Before treatment | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.5 |
| After treatment | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.6 |
If the low-grade tobacco leaves of Qingyang X4F in Gansu province are subjected to low-dose gamma ray irradiation treatment in 2015, for example: the irradiation with gamma rays with the dose of 15 kGy is adopted, compared with the treatment with 75 kGy with high dose, the content difference of macromolecular substances such as protein, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and the like in the irradiated tobacco leaves is obvious (table 2), and the high dose irradiation not only fully degrades the content of the protein and starch in the tobacco leaves, but also obviously reduces the content of the macromolecular substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose and the like.
TABLE 2 chemical composition test results of 2015 year Gansu Qingyang X4F tobacco leaves treated with different dosages
| Index (I) | Protein (%) | Starch (%) | Cellulose (%) | Hemicellulose (%) |
| Control (non-irradiated) | 7.20 | 2.34 | 14.32 | 3.22 |
| Low dose irradiation | 5.32 | 2.03 | 14.29 | 3.18 |
| High dose irradiation | 3.13 | 1.23 | 10.25 | 2.36 |
Example 2
Low-grade tobacco leaves of 2013 years, lower part of the tobacco leaves and grade X4F, which are stocked in certain domestic cigarette industry enterprise，Sensory evaluation results show that the raw materials have obvious miscellaneous gases such as green miscellaneous gas, scorched gas, wood gas, soil fishy gas and the like, the residues exist in the oral cavity, and the aftertaste is slightly bitter. Respectively adopting two methods to treat the inferior tobacco leaves, wherein one method is only adopting gamma ray irradiation treatment; the other method is combined treatment of gamma ray irradiation, water washing and high-temperature drying, and comprises the following specific processes:
the method comprises the following steps: and irradiating the low-grade tobacco leaves in 2013 of Henan Luoyang by adopting a gamma-ray irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is set to be 85 kGy.
The second method comprises the following steps:
1. gamma ray irradiation: and irradiating the low-grade tobacco leaves in 2013 of Henan Luoyang by adopting a gamma-ray irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is set to be 85 kGy.
2. Washing with water: and (3) washing the irradiated low-grade tobacco leaves with water by adopting water tank type moisture regaining equipment, wherein the water temperature is 50 ℃, and the washing time is 10 s.
3. And (3) high-temperature drying: and (3) drying the washed tobacco leaves at high temperature by adopting an airflow type dryer, wherein the hot air temperature is set to 215 ℃, and the moisture content of the tobacco leaves at the outlet of the dryer is set to 12.0%.
13 tobacco sensory evaluation workers form an evaluation group, sensory comparison evaluation is carried out on low-grade tobacco leaves in 2013 of Henan Luoyang processed by the two methods, and the result shows that compared with the control tobacco leaves which are not processed, the tobacco leaves irradiated by gamma rays have slightly weakened miscellaneous gas and have unobvious changes of other indexes (Table 3); the tobacco leaves treated by the combination of gamma-ray irradiation, water washing and high-temperature drying have obviously weakened miscellaneous gas, obviously improved aftertaste and obviously improved quality.
TABLE 3 sensory evaluation results of tobacco leaf sensory quality evaluation in Qingyang X4F Gansu 2015 before and after treatment
| Index (I) | Fragrance | Miscellaneous qi | Irritation property | Feeling of dryness | Aftertaste |
| Control | 5.1 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 4.6 |
| Gamma ray irradiation treatment | 5.1 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 4.6 |
| Gamma ray irradiation combined treatment | 5.8 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.3 |
Example 3
The lower tobacco leaves in 2014 of Liaoning wide pasture stocked by certain domestic cigarette industry enterprises are positioned at the upper part and are rated B4F, and sensory evaluation shows that the tobacco leaves have less fragrance, obvious miscellaneous gases such as green miscellaneous gas, scorched gas, green gas and the like, obvious dry feeling and irritation and residual oral cavity. The tobacco leaves are treated by adopting the method of the invention. The specific process is as follows:
1. gamma ray irradiation: loosening and remoistening the low-grade tobacco leaves B4F in the Liaoning wide pasture production line in 2014, shredding, and irradiating the cut tobacco leaves by adopting a gamma ray irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is set to 130 kGy.
2. Improving the moisture content of the cut tobacco: and (5) dampening the irradiated tobacco shreds by using a super dampening machine, wherein the water content of the outlet tobacco shreds is set to be 25%.
3. And (3) high-temperature drying: and (3) conveying the remoistened cut tobacco to an airflow type cut tobacco dryer for high-temperature drying, wherein the hot air temperature is set to be 240 ℃, and the water content of the cut tobacco at the outlet of the dryer is set to be 12%.
Compared with the existing tobacco shred processing technology (the cut tobacco shreds are not subjected to gamma-ray irradiation, and are directly heated, humidified and dried), the Liaoning wide pasture B4F low-grade tobacco leaves processed by the method are irradiated by gamma rays, because cell skeleton substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like and macromolecular substances such as starch, protein and the like contained in the tobacco shreds are partially degraded, in the subsequent high-temperature drying process, low-boiling-point micromolecule substances generated after partial degradation are further volatilized, the chemical component coordination is improved, the sensory quality of the dried tobacco shreds is obviously improved, the sensory evaluation index scores such as miscellaneous gas, irritation, dry feeling and the like are improved (table 4), the filling value of the tobacco shreds is also obviously improved, and the cut tobacco shreds are directly heated, humidified and dried by 4.3cm3Increase in g to 5.9cm3/g。
TABLE 4 sensory quality evaluation results of 2014 Liaoning wide pasture B4F tobacco leaves treated by different processes
| Index (I) | Fragrance | Miscellaneous qi | Concentration of | Stiff head | Irritation property | Feeling of dryness | Aftertaste |
| Control | 5.3 | 4.6 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 4.8 |
| Treatment of | 6.3 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 6.3 |
Claims (5)
1. A method for improving the sensory quality of inferior tobacco leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, irradiating low-grade tobacco leaves by gamma rays, wherein the gamma ray irradiation dose of the low-grade tobacco leaves is 60-250kGy, different irradiation doses are set according to different positions of the low-grade tobacco leaves, the irradiation dose of the upper tobacco leaves is 100-250kGy, and the irradiation dose of the lower tobacco leaves is 60-150 kGy;
uniformly applying water to the irradiated tobacco leaves to improve the water content of the tobacco leaves to 22-28%, or soaking the irradiated tobacco leaves in water at the temperature of 45-65 ℃ for washing for 5-30 s;
finally, the tobacco leaves with the increased water content or washed by water are dried at high temperature, the temperature of the high-temperature drying is controlled at 250 ℃, and the water content is adjusted to 12-13%;
the method comprises the steps of firstly irradiating the tobacco leaves with high-dose gamma rays to degrade macromolecular substances which influence the sensory quality of the tobacco leaves, then improving the moisture content of the irradiated tobacco leaves or washing the irradiated tobacco leaves with water, and then quickly dehydrating and drying at high temperature to further remove the content of micromolecular substances which influence the harmony of the chemical components of the tobacco leaves.
2. A method of improving the sensory quality of cut tobacco according to claim 1, wherein: the washing time is set to be different according to different parts of the inferior tobacco leaves; for the upper tobacco leaves, the water washing time is 10-30s, and the water washing time for the lower tobacco leaves is 5-15 s.
3. A method of improving the sensory quality of cut tobacco according to claim 1, wherein: and uniformly applying moisture to the irradiated tobacco leaves, or manually applying the moisture, or applying the moisture by any one of a leaf wetting machine, a loosening and conditioning machine and a super conditioning machine.
4. A method of improving the sensory quality of cut tobacco according to claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature drying mode can adopt any one of a mesh belt type redrying machine, a box type baking machine, a roller type drying machine and an airflow type drying machine for drying.
5. A method of improving the sensory quality of cut tobacco according to claim 1, wherein: the gamma ray irradiation source is cobalt 60 or cesium-137.
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| CN110663990B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2022-05-24 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Treatment method of inapplicable tobacco leaves |
| CN111820448B (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2022-10-18 | 内蒙古昆明卷烟有限责任公司 | Tobacco biological enzyme inactivation device and method |
| CN113995166B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2023-09-22 | 贵州中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco shred and preparation method thereof, fuming substrate and heating non-burning tobacco product |
| CN112690489B (en) * | 2021-01-23 | 2022-07-19 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | Method for prolonging alcoholization period of tobacco leaves |
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