CN117582017A - Method for improving sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultrahigh pressure pretreatment - Google Patents
Method for improving sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultrahigh pressure pretreatment Download PDFInfo
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- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione Chemical compound CC1CC(C)C(=O)C1=O MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethylfurfural Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/10—Roasting or cooling tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultra-high pressure pretreatment, which adopts the technical scheme that a tobacco sample is extracted and placed in a bag made of PA+PE material and vacuum-sealed; placing the tobacco leaf sample in a pressure chamber of an ultrahigh pressure machine, setting ultrahigh pressure treatment condition parameters, and then performing ultrahigh pressure treatment; and (3) placing the tobacco leaf sample subjected to ultrahigh pressure treatment into an oven for drying treatment to ensure that the moisture content of the tobacco leaf sample is lower than 10%, and obtaining a raw material finished product for enhancing the sensory quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaf. According to the invention, the chemical components of the tobacco leaves are obviously changed through the processing mode of the high-pressure pretreated tobacco leaves, and the Py-GC-MS technology is further utilized to identify the pyrolysis products in the tobacco leaf heating process, so that the optimal ultrahigh-pressure process parameters are rapidly screened out, and finally, the tobacco leaf sample with more mellow sensory experience is obtained. In addition, the preparation process is simple, is suitable for industrial production, has high detection sensitivity, and is easy to popularize and apply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heating cigarettes, and particularly relates to a method for improving the sensory quality of tobacco leaves of heating cigarettes based on ultra-high pressure pretreatment.
Background
The heating non-combustible cigarette is a tobacco product in which tobacco is heated to a high temperature of about 300-350 ℃ in a non-combustible manner. The core principle is that the tobacco is heated by an external heat source, so that the release of harmful substances such as tar and nicotine is reduced, and the health risk of a smoker is further reduced. In addition, smoke generated by heating non-combustible cigarettes generally has less peculiar smell and smell, and contributes to improving social experience of smokers, so that the smoke is favored and focused by consumers. However, some consumers consider that the mouthfeel and sensory experience of heated non-burning cigarettes is somewhat inadequate compared to traditional cigarettes, possibly because the tobacco is not actually burned, thereby losing the unique flavor of traditional cigarettes. In order to improve the taste of the heated non-combustible cigarettes, the current research at home and abroad mainly focuses on the following aspects: explore different heating modes, improve the formula and additives of the tobacco core, optimize baking technology, promote modulation technology and the like. These efforts have sought to balance to provide a mouth feel that more closely approximates that of conventional cigarettes, while reducing the potential for harm to the health of the smoker.
The application number CN113528240A provides a preparation method of a novel flavor of a heating cigarette with a smoke regulating function, the mixed raw materials of Zimbabwe flue-cured tobacco and tea are fermented by bacillus at 25-30 ℃, and fermentation substrates are extracted by ethanol solution with the concentration of 60-80 wt% to obtain crude extract; filtering the crude extract with ultrafiltration membrane to obtain the novel perfume. The method improves the smoking quality of the heated cigarettes by utilizing the biological fermentation technology, but has the defects of complex operation, higher cost and the like. The invention patent with the application number of CN202110076339X is to prepare the heated cigarette tobacco with the tobacco shred moisture content of less than 3% through the procedures of shredding, high-temperature air flow drying treatment, wen Runsi increasing treatment, roller drying and the like, wherein one or mixed solution of 1, 2-propanediol, glycerol and 1, 3-butanediol is added as a humectant in the Wen Runsi increasing treatment process. The invention has better promotion effect on the aroma of cigarettes, but the throat dryness is easy to generate when the cigarettes are sucked by adding chemicals. Therefore, the problem of bad taste of the heated cigarettes needs to be further improved, so that the sensory quality of the heated cigarettes is better improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the sensory quality of tobacco leaves of a heated cigarette based on ultrahigh pressure pretreatment, which aims to solve the problems of relatively light mouthfeel, insignificant unique flavor of tobacco, lack of cough feel of the traditional cigarette and the like of the heated non-combustible cigarette in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application is implemented by the following technical schemes:
a method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultra-high pressure pretreatment adopts the following technical scheme:
s1, placing an extracted tobacco leaf sample in a bag and vacuum sealing;
s2, placing the tobacco leaf sample obtained in the step S1 in a pressure chamber of an ultrahigh pressure machine, setting ultrahigh pressure treatment condition parameters, and then performing ultrahigh pressure treatment;
and S3, placing the tobacco leaf sample subjected to the ultrahigh pressure treatment in the step S2 into an oven for drying treatment, so that the moisture content of the tobacco leaf sample is lower than 10%, and obtaining a raw material finished product for enhancing the sensory quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaf.
Preferably, the bag material mentioned in step S1 comprises one or more of pa+pe, pet+ PE, MOPE, PVC.
Preferably, the parameters of the ultrahigh pressure treatment condition in the step S2 are 200MPa to 600MPa.
Preferably, the tobacco leaf sample dried in the set amount step S3 is weighed and placed in a thermal cracking instrument to measure the thermal pyrolysis product, and the product is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by using GC-MS.
Preferably, the tobacco leaf sample is placed in a quartz tube for pyrolysis, the quartz tube is placed in a thermal cracking instrument, thermal cracking is carried out in an anaerobic environment, and a NIST MS Search 2.3 is used for carrying out qualitative analysis on the cracking chromatograms of the tobacco leaf sample at different temperatures, and peak area normalization is used for carrying out quantitative analysis.
Preferably, the pyrolysis instrument adopts sectional heating pyrolysis, the initial temperature is 50 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10 seconds, then the pyrolysis instrument is heated to 250 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/s, and the temperature is kept for 20 seconds; valve box temperature: the pyrolysis atmosphere is high-purity helium at 250 ℃.
Preferably, the GC-MS analysis conditions are: chromatographic column: DB-5MS capillary column; sample inlet temperature: 280 ℃; split ratio: 50:1; carrier flow rate: 1.0mL/min; heating procedure: maintaining at 50deg.C for 10min, heating to 150deg.C at 2deg.C/min, maintaining for 5min, heating to 280 deg.C at 5deg.C/min, and maintaining for 20min; transmission line temperature: 280 ℃; ion source temperature: 230 ℃; ionization mode: EI; ionization energy: 1.0mL/min: ionization energy: 70eV; quadrupole temperature: 150 ℃; scanning mode: full scanning; mass scan range: 35-650 amu.
Preferably, the quality index evaluation is performed on the raw material finished product in the step S3.
Preferably, the optimal ultra-high pressure pretreatment parameters are obtained by combining qualitative and quantitative analysis and quality index evaluation of the product.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the chemical components of the tobacco leaves are obviously changed through the processing mode of the high-pressure pretreated tobacco leaves, and the Py-GC-MS technology is further utilized to identify the pyrolysis products in the tobacco leaf heating process, so that the optimal ultrahigh-pressure process parameters are rapidly screened out, and finally, the tobacco leaf sample with more mellow sensory experience is obtained. In addition, the preparation process is simple, is suitable for industrial production, has high detection sensitivity, and is easy to popularize and apply.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bar graph of the relative peak area of the thermal decomposition products of the ultra-high pressure treatment of tobacco leaves according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cumulative graph and a thermal graph of a relative peak area of a pyrolysis product at 350 ℃ after ultrahigh pressure treatment of tobacco leaves, wherein fig. 2a shows a compound cumulative graph with the relative peak area of the pyrolysis product being more than 1%, and fig. 2b shows a compound thermal graph with the relative peak area of the pyrolysis product being less than or equal to 1%.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided by way of example only, and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultrahigh pressure pretreatment, which comprises the following steps:
110g of flue-cured tobacco leaves are taken and packaged in bags made of PA+PE materials in vacuum, tobacco leaf samples are placed in a pressure chamber of ultrahigh pressure equipment after further sealing, and the parameters of ultrahigh pressure treatment conditions are set to be 200Mpa. The composition change of the treated tobacco leaf sample in the heating process is firstly measured by a Py-GC-MS combined technology, and finally the inherent components of the tobacco leaf sample are measured.
In the following examples of the present application, the preparation method was the same as in example 1, except that the pressure of the ultrahigh pressure treatment condition parameters was different.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultra-high pressure pretreatment, and the preparation method is different from embodiment 1 only in that the parameters of the ultra-high pressure treatment condition are set to 300Mpa.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultra-high pressure pretreatment, and the preparation method is different from embodiment 1 only in that the parameters of the ultra-high pressure treatment condition are set to 400Mpa.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultra-high pressure pretreatment, and the preparation method is different from embodiment 1 only in that the parameters of the ultra-high pressure treatment condition are set to 500Mpa.
Example 5
The present embodiment provides a method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultra-high pressure pretreatment, and the preparation method is different from embodiment 1 only in that the parameters of the ultra-high pressure treatment condition are set to 600Mpa.
Comparative example 1
The method for improving the sensory quality of the heated cigarettes provided by the comparative example is as follows:
before the feeding procedure, ammonium salt is added into the tobacco flakes for mixing treatment; the treated tobacco flakes are heated at high temperature, and then added with organic acid for mixing treatment.
1. The tobacco leaves treated in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 above were based on Py-GC-MS analysis results, as shown in fig. 1:
after the ultrahigh pressure treatment, 59 compounds were identified in total from pyrolysis products of the tobacco leaf sample at a high temperature of 350 ℃. These compounds include 3 olefins, 18 ketones, 4 aldehydes, 3 alcohols, 6 esters, 7 acids, 3 furans, 6 phenols, 2 pyridines, 1 alkaloid, and 6 other compounds as shown in fig. 1, and the ultra-high pressure treatment increases the amount of pyrolysis products of tobacco leaves, particularly the amount of ketones and acids. Of all the ultra-high pressure treatment conditions, the 400MPa treatment group had the highest ketone and phenol cleavage products, and the total amount of cleavage products was also the highest. The ketone is considered as a product after sugar decomposition in tobacco leaves, namely a product of a mahalanobis reaction between amino substances in the tobacco leaves and reducing sugar, and the phenolic compounds are mainly products of thermal decomposition of sugar, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin and other substances in the tobacco leaves, and the increase of the content of the compounds can effectively improve the sensory quality of the nonflammable cigarettes.
From the relative abundance of each pyrolysis product, a compound pyrolysis product stacking diagram with a relative peak area greater than 1% is isolated, see fig. 2a, and a compound with a relative peak area equal to or less than 1%, see fig. 2b. In pyrolysis products with a relative peak area of greater than 1%, the acetic acid content originally present in the tobacco drops to undetectable levels in the high pressure treatment group, see fig. 2a. In addition, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural is an important intermediate in the mahalanobis reaction, can enhance caramel sweet taste and baking aroma of tobacco leaves in the smoking process, and increases the relative abundance of the tobacco leaves after ultrahigh pressure treatment. Wherein the relative content of the 300MPa group is highest and reaches (12.45+/-0.62 percent); the relative content of 400Mpa group is 9.58 plus or minus 0.01, which is obviously higher than that of untreated group tobacco leaves. Nicotine is the highest content component in tobacco pyrolysis products at 350 ℃, and the relative content of the nicotine is reduced after ultrahigh pressure treatment. However, no significant linear relationship was observed between treatment pressure and nicotine content reduction, which results were in line with current demands for reduced nicotine content in tobacco products.
It can be intuitively observed from fig. 2b that the ultra-high pressure treatment promotes the production of many compounds that were not originally present during pyrolysis of tobacco. This phenomenon is particularly evident in three treatment groups of 200Mpa, 400Mpa and 500Mpa. Thus, it can be said that the ultrahigh pressure treatment increases the variety of tobacco pyrolysis products, which can be demonstrated by the increased abundance of the compounds.
2. The conventional chemical components in the cured tobacco leaves after ultrahigh pressure treatment are changed:
the chemical components in the tobacco leaf are the basis of the sensory quality, and the proper proportion has important significance on the quality and the sensory style characteristics. The sugar in the tobacco leaves is considered to be capable of adjusting the pungent taste and acidic substances in the smoke, so that the tobacco leaves have mellow taste when being sucked. As shown in table 1, the water-soluble sugar (disaccharide) and reducing sugar content in the tobacco leaves were significantly increased after the ultra-high pressure treatment. The disaccharide ratio of the tobacco leaves after ultrahigh pressure treatment still belongs to the quality tobacco leaves by combining the data of the reducing sugar/water-soluble sugar in the table 2, and the result is consistent with the Py-GC-MS analysis result.
After ultrahigh pressure treatment, the chlorine and potassium contents in the tobacco leaves are changed differently. The chlorine content did not change much before and after treatment, but the potassium content increased significantly, with the 300mpa treatment group having the highest potassium content. After the ultra-high pressure treatment, the total nitrogen content of the 400MPa and 500MPa treatment groups is significantly increased, which may result in a stronger taste of the tobacco leaves.
TABLE 1 content of conventional chemical components of tobacco leaves under different ultrahigh pressure treatment conditions (%)
Note that: the different lower case letters in the data of each treatment group represent significant differences between treatment groups (P is less than or equal to 0.05)
TABLE 2 ratios of conventional chemical compositions of tobacco leaves under different ultra-high pressure treatment conditions
Note that: the different lower case letters in the data of each treatment group represent significant differences between treatment groups (P is less than or equal to 0.05)
3. Influence of different ultrahigh pressure treatment conditions on the content of volatile alkali in flue-cured tobacco:
the total volatile alkali in the tobacco leaves refers to volatile amine nitrogen-containing compounds in the tobacco leaves, and mainly comprises ammonia, amine, amide and free nicotine. The total volatile alkali is used as an alkaline component in tobacco leaves, and can effectively neutralize acidic components in the flue gas. Too high a level increases the spicy taste experience, resulting in increased smoke irritation; when the content is too low, the smoke lacks due physiological strength, and the richness of the smoke and the satisfaction brought to the taste are reduced. The data in Table 3 shows that the ultrahigh pressure treatment of tobacco leaves has a certain effect on reducing total volatile alkali. Wherein, the total volatile alkali content of the 200MPa and 300MPa treatment groups is most obviously reduced, and other groups have no obvious difference from untreated tobacco leaves. This shows that the ultra-high pressure treatment of 400Mpa does not significantly reduce the total volatile alkali content of the tobacco leaves, thereby maintaining the tobacco leaves with good vitality and taste.
Table 3 comparison of volatile alkali content of ultra-high pressure cured tobacco in group (%)
| Sample of | Total volatile alkali |
| RAW | 0.27±0.00 ab |
| 200MPa | 0.25±0.00 c |
| 300MPa | 0.25±0.00 c |
| 400MPa | 0.26±0.01 abc |
| 500MPa | 0.27±0.01 a |
| 600MPa | 0.26±0.00 bc |
Note that: the different lower case letters in the data of each treatment group represent significant differences between treatment groups (P is less than or equal to 0.05)
4. Influence of different ultrahigh pressure conditions on the content of phenolic compounds in flue-cured tobacco
Polyphenols are important secondary metabolites in tobacco plants and play a key role in the development of aromatic properties of tobacco. As shown in Table 4, the concentrations of the main phenolic substances in the tobacco leaves all tended to decrease after the ultrahigh pressure treatment. However, no statistically significant differences exist in the substantial amount of the main polyphenol material in the tobacco leaf, regardless of the specific ultrahigh pressure treatment conditions employed. These results indicate that the ultrahigh pressure treatment has no obvious effect on the main phenolic components in the tobacco leaves, and does not reduce the unique flavor of the tobacco leaves.
TABLE 4 concentration of phenolic substance for samples of the ultra-high pressure treatment group
Note that: the different lower case letters in the data of each treatment group represent significant differences between treatment groups (P is less than or equal to 0.05)
The preferred embodiment of the invention is described in detail above, the tobacco is pretreated by adopting an ultrahigh pressure processing mode, quality index evaluation is carried out on the pretreated raw material finished product by an expert group, and then the components in the tobacco heating process are identified by combining a Py-GC-MS technology, so that the optimal ultrahigh pressure tobacco pretreatment parameters are obtained. The result shows that the tobacco leaf pyrolysis product has better effect when the ultrahigh pressure parameter is 400Mpa, the quantity of the tobacco leaf pyrolysis product is increased to the greatest extent, and meanwhile, the nicotine content is reduced, so that the purpose of reducing the nicotine content while improving the quality is achieved. In addition, volatile aroma substances in tobacco leaves are changed after ultrahigh pressure treatment, and products related to saccharide degradation, such as aldehyde, phenol and acid, are increased, so that aromatic components of the tobacco are enriched. Finally, the total nitrogen content of the tobacco leaves subjected to ultrahigh pressure treatment is increased, but the contents of volatile alkali and phenolic compounds are not changed remarkably, so that the surface ultrahigh pressure treatment can not reduce the flavor of the tobacco leaves and keep good mouthfeel of the tobacco leaves. Compared with the comparative example, the processing mode provided by the invention does not need to add chemical substances into tobacco leaf samples to meet the quality of tobacco fragrance, namely, the sensory quality of the heated cigarettes can be improved through simple physical processing. In a word, the invention provides a physical processing mode with simple operation and higher resolution to achieve the purpose of improving the smoke fragrance of the heated non-combustible cigarettes, and has better market application prospect.
In addition, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the foregoing embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for improving the sensory quality of the heated cigarette tobacco based on the ultra-high pressure pretreatment is characterized by adopting the following technical scheme:
s1, placing an extracted tobacco leaf sample in a bag and vacuum sealing;
s2, placing the tobacco leaf sample obtained in the step S1 in a pressure chamber of an ultrahigh pressure machine, setting ultrahigh pressure treatment condition parameters, and then performing ultrahigh pressure treatment;
and S3, placing the tobacco leaf sample subjected to the ultrahigh pressure treatment in the step S2 into an oven for drying treatment, so that the moisture content of the tobacco leaf sample is lower than 10%, and obtaining a raw material finished product for enhancing the sensory quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaf.
2. The method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultra-high pressure pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein the bag material mentioned in step S1 comprises one or more of pa+pe, pet+ PE, MOPE, PVC.
3. The method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultrahigh pressure pretreatment of claim 1, wherein the ultrahigh pressure treatment condition parameter in step S2 is 200MPa to 600MPa.
4. The method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultrahigh pressure pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein the tobacco sample dried in the set amount step S3 is weighed, placed in a thermal cracking instrument to measure the pyrolysis product thereof, and the product is subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis by GC-MS.
5. The method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultra-high pressure pretreatment of claim 4, wherein the tobacco sample is placed in a quartz tube for pyrolysis, the quartz tube is placed in a thermal cracker, thermal cracking is performed in an anaerobic environment, and qualitative analysis is performed on the cracking chromatograms of the tobacco sample at different temperatures using NIST MS Search 2.3, and quantitative analysis is performed using peak area normalization.
6. The method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultra-high pressure pretreatment of claim 5, wherein the thermal cracker adopts staged thermal pyrolysis with an initial temperature of 50 ℃ for 10s, and then heating to 250 ℃ at a speed of 20 ℃/s for 20s; valve box temperature: the pyrolysis atmosphere is high-purity helium at 250 ℃.
7. The method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultra-high pressure pretreatment of claim 4, wherein GC-MS analysis conditions are: chromatographic column: DB-5MS capillary column; sample inlet temperature: 280 ℃; split ratio: 50:1; carrier flow rate: 1.0mL/min; heating procedure: maintaining at 50deg.C for 10min, heating to 150deg.C at 2deg.C/min, maintaining for 5min, heating to 280 deg.C at 5deg.C/min, and maintaining for 20min; transmission line temperature: 280 ℃; ion source temperature: 230 ℃; ionization mode: EI; ionization energy: 1.0mL/min: ionization energy: 70eV; quadrupole temperature: 150 ℃; scanning mode: full scanning; mass scan range: 35-650 amu.
8. The method for improving the sensory quality of heated cigarette tobacco based on ultrahigh pressure pretreatment of claim 1, wherein the quality index evaluation is performed on the raw material finished products in the step S3 respectively.
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