CN110201728A - 蜂窝结构体 - Google Patents
蜂窝结构体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110201728A CN110201728A CN201910131408.5A CN201910131408A CN110201728A CN 110201728 A CN110201728 A CN 110201728A CN 201910131408 A CN201910131408 A CN 201910131408A CN 110201728 A CN110201728 A CN 110201728A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pore
- next door
- honeycomb structure
- catalyst
- honeycomb
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 244
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003978 SiClx Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001676573 Minium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种蜂窝结构体,其在负载了废气净化用催化剂时能够提高催化剂在隔壁的细孔内的填充率。该蜂窝结构体具备柱状的蜂窝结构部(4),所述蜂窝结构部(4)具有多孔质的隔壁(1),隔壁(1)的气孔率为45~65%,隔壁(1)的平均细孔径为15~25μm,在由水银压入法测定的隔壁的累积细孔容积中,细孔径在10μm以下的细孔容积率为10%以下,并且细孔径在40μm以上的细孔容积率为10%以下。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蜂窝结构体。更详细而言,涉及一种在负载了废气净化用催化剂时能够提高催化剂在隔壁的细孔内的填充率、且能够抑制废气净化用催化剂负载后的压力损失上升的蜂窝结构体。
背景技术
目前,作为发达国家中的柴油车、卡车的NOx标准,正在探讨更为严格的标准。对于这种NOx标准,提出了各种用于处理废气中的NOx的技术方案。例如,作为这种技术之一,存在下述技术:将选择性催化还原催化剂(以下也称为“SCR催化剂”)等负载于具有多孔质隔壁的蜂窝结构体,利用该蜂窝结构体对废气中的NOx进行净化处理(例如参照专利文献1)。
在使用了上述的蜂窝结构体的NOx处理中,通过增加负载于蜂窝结构体的催化剂的量,能够提高净化性能。另一方面,在将负载了催化剂的蜂窝结构体设置于柴油车等的排气系统而进行NOx处理的情况下,有时压力损失上升成为问题。尤其是,若为了使净化性能提高而增加所负载的催化剂的量,则蜂窝结构体的压力损失上升有时变得更为明显。即,在使用了蜂窝结构体的NOx处理中,“提高净化性能”和“抑制压力损失上升”处于权衡(Tradeoff)的关系。因此,为了打破这种权衡,提出了使蜂窝结构体的隔壁高气孔率化的技术。例如,认为:通过使蜂窝结构体的隔壁高气孔率化,即使增加所负载的催化剂的量,也可以抑制压力损失上升。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2013-052367号公报
发明内容
然而,提高了隔壁的气孔率的蜂窝结构体用作负载废气净化用催化剂的催化剂载体时,在催化剂进入隔壁的细孔内的难易度方面存在问题。例如,对于仅提高了隔壁的气孔率的现有的蜂窝结构体而言,在催化剂的粒度粗的情况或催化剂浆料的粘度高的情况下,存在下述问题:无法将催化剂均等地填充至隔壁的细孔内,催化剂无法进入部分细孔中。需要说明的是,催化剂浆料(slurry)是指,催化剂颗粒在液体中处于浑浊状态的泥状物。
在如上所述的现有的蜂窝结构体中,将催化剂填充至隔壁的细孔内的情况下,首先,催化剂进入细孔径大的细孔(以下也称为“大细孔”),之后,进入到大细孔内的催化剂向细孔径小的细孔(以下也称为“小细孔”)移动。因此,最终,催化剂优先填充至小细孔,残留有未完全填充催化剂的大细孔。并且,若催化剂以如上所述的状态而不均等地填充,则该蜂窝结构体的压力损失增大。
本发明是鉴于这种现有技术所存在的问题而完成的。根据本发明,提供了一种在负载了废气净化用催化剂时可以提高催化剂在隔壁的细孔内的填充率、且能够抑制废气净化用催化剂负载后的压力损失上升的蜂窝结构体。
根据本发明,提供了以下所示的蜂窝结构体。
[1]一种蜂窝结构体,其具备柱状的蜂窝结构部,该蜂窝结构部具有多孔质的隔壁,该多孔质的隔壁配置成包围从第一端面延伸至第二端面、形成流体的流路的多个隔室,
所述隔壁的气孔率为45%~65%,
所述隔壁的平均细孔径为15μm~25μm,
在由水银压入法测定的所述隔壁的累积细孔容积中,相对于所述隔壁的总细孔容积,细孔径在10μm以下的细孔容积率为10%以下,并且,细孔径在40μm以上的细孔容积率为10%以下。
[2]根据所述[1]所述的蜂窝结构体,其中,所述隔壁的厚度为0.089mm~0.203mm。
[3]根据所述[1]或[2]所述的蜂窝结构体,其中,所述蜂窝结构部的隔室密度为31个/cm2~140个/cm2。
[4]根据所述[1]~[3]中的任意一项所述的蜂窝结构体,其中,所述隔壁的材料包含选自由碳化硅、堇青石、硅-碳化硅复合材料、堇青石-碳化硅复合材料、氮化硅、多铝红柱石、氧化铝和钛酸铝构成的组中的至少一种。
[5]根据所述[1]~[4]中的任意一项所述的蜂窝结构体,其中,进一步具备负载于所述隔壁的细孔的内部的废气净化用催化剂。
本发明的蜂窝结构体在负载了废气净化用催化剂时能够提高催化剂在隔壁的细孔内的填充率、且能够抑制废气净化用催化剂负载后的压力损失上升。具体而言,本发明的蜂窝结构体通过减少难以填充催化剂的细孔径的细孔,使该催化剂容易填充至隔壁的细孔内。因此,在负载了废气净化用催化剂时能够有效地抑制蜂窝结构体的压力损失上升。因此,例如,即使增加所负载的催化剂的量,也能够抑制蜂窝结构体的压力损失上升,还能够同时实现“提高净化性能”和“抑制压力损失上升”。
附图说明
图1是示意性地示出本发明的蜂窝结构体的第一实施方式的立体图。
图2是示出图1所示的蜂窝结构体的第一端面侧的俯视图。
图3是示意性地示出图2的A-A’截面的截面图。
图4是示意性地示出本发明的蜂窝结构体的第二实施方式的立体图。
图5是示出图4所示的蜂窝结构体的第一端面侧的俯视图。
图6是示意性地示出图5的B-B’截面的截面图。
符号说明
1,21:隔壁、2,22:隔室、3,23:外周壁、4,24:蜂窝结构部、11,31:第一端面、12,32:第二端面、22a:流入隔室、22b:流出隔室、25:封孔部、100,200:蜂窝结构体。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的实施方式进行说明,但本发明并不限于以下的实施方式。因此,应当理解为,在不脱离本发明宗旨的范围内,基于本领域技术人员的常规知识,对以下的实施方式适当加以变更、改良等的实施方式也落入本发明的范围。
(1)蜂窝结构体(第一实施方式):
本发明的蜂窝结构体的第一实施方式为如图1~图3所示的蜂窝结构体100。此处,图1是示意性地示出本发明的蜂窝结构体的第一实施方式的立体图。图2是示出图1所示的蜂窝结构体的第一端面侧的俯视图。图3是示意性地示出图2的A-A’截面的截面图。
如图1~图3所示,本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100具备柱状的蜂窝结构部4,该柱状的蜂窝结构部4具有第一端面11和第二端面。蜂窝结构部4具有多孔质的隔壁1,该多孔质的隔壁1配置成包围从第一端面11延伸至第二端面12、形成流体的流路的多个隔室2。在本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100中,蜂窝结构部4构成为圆柱状,在其外周侧面进一步具有外周壁3。即,外周壁3配设成围绕以格子状配设的隔壁1。
本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100的隔壁1的气孔率为45~65%。另外,隔壁1的平均细孔径为15~25μm。进一步,在由水银压入法测定的隔壁1的累积细孔容积中,相对于隔壁1的总细孔容积,细孔径在10μm以下的细孔容积率为10%以下,并且,细孔径在40μm以上的细孔容积率为10%以下。
本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100在负载了废气净化用催化剂时能够提高催化剂在隔壁1的细孔内的填充率、且能够抑制废气净化用催化剂负载后的压力损失上升。具体而言,本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100通过减少难以填充催化剂的细孔径的细孔,使该催化剂容易填充至隔壁1的细孔内。因此,在负载了废气净化用催化剂时能够有效地抑制蜂窝结构体100的压力损失上升。因此,例如,即使增加所负载的催化剂的量,也能够抑制蜂窝结构体100的压力损失上升,还能够同时实现“提高净化性能”和“抑制压力损失上升”。
本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100的隔壁1的气孔率为45~65%。对于按照满足上述的细孔容积率的各条件的方式而构成的隔壁1而言,若其气孔率小于45%,则在负载废气净化用催化剂时,压力损失的上升变得极大。另一方面,若隔壁1的气孔率超过65%,则蜂窝结构体100的等静压强度(Isostatic strength)下降。隔壁1的气孔率是由水银压入法测定的值。隔壁1的气孔率的测定例如可以使用Micromeritics社制的Autopore9500(产品名)来进行。可以从蜂窝结构体100切割出隔壁1的一部分作为试验片,使用如此得到的试验片来进行气孔率的测定。需要说明的是,虽没有特别限定,但隔壁1的气孔率优选为45~55%、更优选为48~52%。
本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100的隔壁1的平均细孔径为15~25μm。对于按照满足上述的细孔容积率的各条件的方式而构成的隔壁1而言,若其平均细孔径小于15μm,则催化剂难以填充至隔壁1的细孔内,作为催化剂载体的催化剂载体能力下降。另外,在隔壁1的平均细孔径超过25μm的情况下,催化剂也难以填充至隔壁1的细孔内,作为催化剂载体的催化剂载体能力下降。隔壁1的平均细孔径是由水银压入法测定的值。与气孔率的测定同样,隔壁1的平均细孔径的测定例如可以使用Micromeritics社制的Autopore9500(产品名)来进行。隔壁1的平均细孔径优选为20~25μm、更优选为22~25μm。
另外,对于本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100而言,在由水银压入法测定的隔壁1的累积细孔容积中,细孔径在10μm以下的细孔容积率为10%以下,并且,细孔径在40μm以上的细孔容积率为10%以下。隔壁1的累积细孔容积的测定例如可以使用Micromeritics社制的Autopore9500(产品名)来进行。隔壁1的累积细孔容积的测定可以利用如下的方法来进行。首先,从蜂窝结构体100切割出隔壁1的一部分,制作用于测定累积细孔容积的试验片。关于试验片的尺寸,没有特别限制,但例如优选纵、横、高的各自的长度为约10mm、约10mm、约10mm的长方体。关于切割出试验片的隔壁1的部位,没有特别限制,但优选从蜂窝结构部4的轴向的中心附近进行切割来制作试验片。将得到的试验片收纳于测定装置的测定用单元内,对该测定用单元内进行减压。接着,将水银导入测定用单元内。接着,对导入至测定用单元内的水银进行加压,在加压时对被挤压至试验片内存在的细孔中的水银的体积进行测定。此时,随着增加对水银施加的压力,水银从细孔径大的细孔依次被挤压入细孔径小的细孔。因此,由“对水银施加的压力”和“被挤压入细孔中的水银的体积”的关系,可以求出“形成于试验片的细孔的细孔径”和“累积细孔容积”的关系。“累积细孔容积”是指,将从最小的细孔径到特定的细孔径为止的细孔容积进行累积而得到的值。例如,“细孔径在10μm以下的细孔容积率”是指,细孔径在10μm以下的细孔的细孔容积pv1相对于由累积细孔容积表示的总细孔容积PVall的比的百分率(pv1/PVall×100%)。同样地,“细孔径在40μm以上的细孔容积率”是指,细孔径在40μm以上的细孔的细孔容积pv2相对于由累积细孔容积表示的总细孔容积PVall的比的百分率(pv2/PVall×100%)。
对于实施方式的蜂窝结构体100而言,在按照满足上述的气孔率和平均细孔径的方式而构成的隔壁1中,若细孔径在10μm以下的细孔容积率超过10%,则催化剂难以填充至隔壁1的细孔内。同样,若细孔径在40μm以上的细孔容积率超过10%,则催化剂难以填充至隔壁1的细孔内。若催化剂难以填充至隔壁1的细孔内,则催化剂负载后的压力损失上升变得非常大。
在实施方式的蜂窝结构体100中,虽没有特别限定,但细孔径在10μm以下的细孔容积率优选为0~10%、更优选为0~5%。另外,细孔径在40μm以上的细孔容积率优选为0~10%、进一步优选为0~5%。
如图1~图3所示的蜂窝结构体100的隔壁1的厚度优选为0.089~0.203mm、更优选为0.089~0.165mm、特别优选为0.089~0.140mm。隔壁1的厚度例如可以使用扫描型电子显微镜或显微镜(microscope)来测定。若隔壁1的厚度小于0.089mm,则有时无法得到充分的强度。另一方面,若隔壁1的厚度超过0.203mm,则将催化剂负载于隔壁1时,因该催化剂的负载而增大的压力损失的上升率会变大。例如,将催化剂负载于隔壁1时,进行对含催化剂的浆料进行吸引而将催化剂导入至隔壁1的细孔内部的操作,但若隔壁1的厚度变厚,则难以得到该吸引力。因此,催化剂密集存在于隔壁1的表面附近,压力损失的上升率会变大。
关于形成于蜂窝结构部4的隔室2的形状,没有特别限制。例如,作为在与隔室2延伸的方向正交的截面中的隔室2的形状,可以举出多边形、圆形、椭圆形等。作为多边形,可以举出三角形、四边形、五边形、六边形、八边形等。需要说明的是,隔室2的形状优选为三角形、四边形、五边形、六边形、八边形。另外,关于隔室2的形状,全部隔室2的形状可以为相同的形状,也可以为不同的形状。例如,虽省略了图示,但也可以混合存在四边形的隔室和八边形的隔室。另外,关于隔室2的尺寸,全部隔室2的尺寸可以相同,也可以不同。例如,虽省略了图示,但在多个隔室中可以使一部分隔室的尺寸较大、使另外的隔室的尺寸相对较小。需要说明的是,在本发明中,隔室意味着由隔壁所包围的空间。
由隔壁1区划形成的隔室2的隔室密度优选为31~140个/cm2、更优选为47~116个/cm2、特别优选为47~93个/cm2。通过如此构成,能够适宜地将本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100用作对从汽车的发动机排出的废气进行净化的净化部件(例如催化剂载体、过滤器)。
蜂窝结构部4的外周壁3可以与隔壁1一体地构成,也可以为按照围绕隔壁1的方式涂布外周涂层材料而形成的外周涂层。虽省略了图示,但在制造时,可以将隔壁和外周壁一体地形成后,利用磨削加工等公知的方法将所形成的外周壁除去后,在隔壁的外周侧设置外周涂层。
关于蜂窝结构部4的形状没有特别限制。作为蜂窝结构部4的形状,可以举出第一端面11和第二端面12的形状为圆形、椭圆形、多边形等的柱状。
关于蜂窝结构部4的尺寸、例如从第一端面11至第二端面12为止的长度、蜂窝结构部4的与隔室2的延伸方向正交的截面的尺寸,没有特别限制。将本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100用作废气净化用的净化部件时,按能够得到最佳净化性能来适当地选择各尺寸即可。例如,蜂窝结构部4的从第一端面11至第二端面12为止的长度优选为51~254mm、更优选为76~229mm、特别优选为102~203mm。另外,蜂窝结构部4的与隔室2的延伸方向正交的截面的面积优选为2020~99320mm2、更优选为4560~85640mm2、特别优选为8100~72680mm2。
隔壁1的材料优选包含选自由碳化硅、堇青石、硅-碳化硅复合材料、堇青石-碳化硅复合材料、氮化硅、多铝红柱石、氧化铝和钛酸铝构成的组中的至少一种。构成隔壁1的材料优选为包含30质量%以上的上述组中列举的材料的材料、更优选为包含40质量%以上的上述组中列举的材料的材料、特别优选为包含50质量%以上的上述组中列举的材料的材料。需要说明的是,硅-碳化硅复合材料是指,以碳化硅作为骨料、以硅作为粘合材料而形成的复合材料。另外,堇青石-碳化硅复合材料是指,以碳化硅作为骨料、以堇青石作为粘合材料而形成的复合材料。在本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100中,构成隔壁1的材料特别优选为堇青石。
在本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100中,废气净化用催化剂可以负载于区划形成多个隔室2的隔壁1。将催化剂负载于隔壁1是指,催化剂负载于隔壁1的表面和形成于隔壁1的细孔内。尤其是,在本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100中,可以增加形成于隔壁1的细孔内所负载的催化剂的量,因此可以抑制废气净化用催化剂负载后的压力损失上升。
关于蜂窝结构部4的隔壁1所负载的催化剂的每单位体积的负载量,可以根据使用的催化剂的种类来适当地决定。例如,对于本实施方式的蜂窝结构体100而言,可以相对于隔壁1上形成的细孔的总容积,使催化剂填充率为80%。作为催化剂的负载方法,可以举出例如下述方法等:对于蜂窝结构部4,湿法涂布含催化剂成分的催化剂浆料后,在高温下进行热处理而烧成。
(2)蜂窝结构体(第二实施方式):
接着,对本发明的蜂窝结构体的第二实施方式进行说明。本发明的蜂窝结构体的第二实施方式为如图4~图6所示的蜂窝结构体200。此处,图4是示意性地示出本发明的蜂窝结构体的第二实施方式的立体图。图5是示出图4所示的蜂窝结构体的第一端面侧的俯视图。图6是示意性地示出图5的B-B’截面的截面图。
如图4~图6所示,本实施方式的蜂窝结构体200是具备蜂窝结构部24和封孔部25的蜂窝结构体200。蜂窝结构部24为具有多孔质的隔壁21的柱状,该多孔质的隔壁21配置成包围从第一端面31延伸至第二端面32、形成流体的流路的多个隔室22。在蜂窝结构体200中,蜂窝结构部24构成为圆柱状,在其外周侧面进一步具有外周壁23。即,外周壁23配设成围绕以格子状配设的隔壁21。封孔部25配设在各隔室22的第一端面31侧或第二端面32侧的开口部。
蜂窝结构体200的隔壁21的气孔率为45~65%。另外,隔壁21的平均细孔径为15~25μm。进一步,在由水银压入法测定的隔壁21的累积细孔容积中,细孔径在10μm以下的细孔容积率为10%以下,并且,细孔径在40μm以上的细孔容积率为10%以下。与至此为止所说明的第一实施方式的蜂窝结构体100(参照图1)同样,如此构成的蜂窝结构体200也可以在负载了废气净化用催化剂时提高催化剂在隔壁21的细孔内的填充率。因此,根据本实施方式的蜂窝结构体200,可以抑制废气净化用催化剂负载后的压力损失上升。
关于蜂窝结构体200的蜂窝结构部24的构成,优选与至此为止所说明的第一实施方式的蜂窝结构体100(参照图1)的蜂窝结构部4同样地构成。
在本实施方式的蜂窝结构体200中,在规定的隔室22的第一端面31侧的开口部和剩余的隔室22的第二端面32侧的开口部配设有封孔部25。本实施方式的蜂窝结构体200例如可以用作对废气进行净化的过滤器。例如,蜂窝结构体200可以用作下述蜂窝过滤器,该蜂窝过滤器中,将第一端面31作为使废气流入的流入端面、将第二端面32作为使已在蜂窝结构体200内净化的废气流出的流出端面。
例如,将在第二端面32侧的开口部配设有封孔部25且第一端面31侧开口的隔室22作为流入隔室22a。另外,将在第一端面31侧的开口部配设有封孔部25且第二端面32侧开口的隔室22作为流出隔室22b。流入隔室22a和流出隔室22b优选隔着隔壁21而交替地配设。并且,优选的是,由此在蜂窝结构体200的两端面通过“封孔部25”和“隔室22的开口部”形成棋盘格状。
优选的是,封孔部25由选自第一实施方式的蜂窝结构体100(参照图1)的隔壁1(参照图1)的适宜材料中的材料形成。封孔部25的材质和隔壁21的材质可以为相同的材质,也可以为不同的材质。
(3)蜂窝结构体的制造方法:
关于制造本发明的蜂窝结构体的方法,没有特别限制,例如可以举出如下所述的方法。首先,制备用于制作蜂窝结构部的塑性坯土。用于制作蜂窝结构部的坯土可以如下制备:作为原料粉末,在前述的选自构成蜂窝结构部的隔壁的适宜材料中的材料中适宜地添加粘合剂等添加剂、造孔材料和水,由此制备用于制作蜂窝结构部的坯土。作为原料粉末,例如可以使用将碳化硅粉末和金属硅粉末混合而成的粉末。作为粘合剂,可以举出例如甲基纤维素(Methylcellulose)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose)等。另外,作为添加剂,可以举出表面活性剂等。可以通过调整造孔材料的粒径及其添加量来调整隔壁的气孔率和细孔径分布。尤其是,作为用于使细孔径在10μm以下的细孔容积率为10%以下、并且使细孔径在40μm以上的细孔容积率为10%以下的方法,例如可以举出如下所述的方法。在表示造孔材料的粒径和累积体积(将特定粒径以下的颗粒体积累积而得到的值)的关系的曲线中,使相当于90%累积体积的粒径d90为中值粒径的1.5~2.5倍,并且使相当于10%累积体积的粒径d10为中值粒径的0.2~0.8倍。
接着,对如此得到的坯土进行挤出成型,由此制作柱状的蜂窝成型体,该蜂窝成型体具有区划形成多个隔室的隔壁和配设成围绕该隔壁的外周壁。
接着,例如利用微波和热风对得到的蜂窝成型体进行干燥。另外,制造具备封孔部的蜂窝结构体的情况下,可以通过对干燥前或干燥后的蜂窝成型体的隔室的开口部进行封孔来制作封孔部。封孔部例如可以使用与在蜂窝成型体的制作中所使用的材料同样的材料。可以在制作封孔部后对蜂窝成型体进一步进行干燥。
接着,对蜂窝成型体进行烧成,从而制造蜂窝结构体。烧成温度和烧成气氛根据原料而有所不同,本领域技术人员可以选择对于所选材料而言最佳的烧成温度和烧成气氛。
实施例
以下通过实施例更加具体地对本发明进行说明,但本发明不受这些实施例的任何限定。
(实施例1)
在堇青石化原料100质量份中分别添加2.5质量份的造孔材料、60质量份的分散介质、6质量份的有机粘合剂,进行混合、混炼,制备得到坯土。作为堇青石化原料,使用了氧化铝、氢氧化铝、高岭土、滑石和氧化硅。作为分散介质,使用了水。作为有机粘合剂,使用了甲基纤维素(Methylcellulose)。作为分散剂,使用了糊精(Dextrin)。
作为造孔材料,使用了平均粒径为20μm的吸水性聚合物。另外,作为造孔材料,使用了在表示其粒径和累积体积(累积特定粒径以下的颗粒体积而得到的值)的关系的曲线中示出如下值的材料。即,使用在上述曲线中相当于90%累积体积的粒径d90为中值粒径的2.0倍、且相当于10%累积体积的粒径d10为中值粒径的0.5倍的材料。
接着,使用蜂窝成型体制作用口模对坯土进行挤出成型,得到整体形状为圆柱状的蜂窝成型体。蜂窝成型体的隔室的形状为四边形。
接着,利用微波干燥机对蜂窝成型体进行干燥,进一步利用热风干燥机使其完全干燥后,将蜂窝成型体的两端面切断,调整为规定的尺寸。接着,对干燥后的蜂窝成型体进行脱脂、烧成,从而制造实施例1的蜂窝结构体。
实施例1的蜂窝结构体是第一端面和第二端面的形状为圆形的圆柱状。第一端面和第二端面的直径的尺寸为267mm。另外,蜂窝结构体在隔室的延伸方向的长度为152mm。实施例1的蜂窝结构体的隔壁的厚度为0.132mm,隔室密度为47个/cm2。表1中示出了蜂窝结构体的隔壁的厚度和隔室密度。
【表1】
另外,关于实施例1的蜂窝结构体,利用以下的方法进行了“气孔率(%)”、“总细孔容积(cc/g)”和“平均细孔径(μm)”的测定。将结果示于表1。
另外,在总细孔容积的测定中分别测定了“细孔径在10μm以下的细孔的细孔容积(cc/g)”、“细孔径为10~40μm的细孔的细孔容积(cc/g)”和“细孔径在40μm以上的细孔的细孔容积(cc/g)”。在表1的“10μm以下区间的细孔容积的比例(%)”栏中示出了“细孔径在10μm以下的细孔的细孔容积(cc/g)”相对于“总细孔容积(cc/g)”的比的百分率。在“10~40μm区间的细孔容积的比例(%)”栏中示出了“细孔径为10~40μm的细孔的细孔容积(cc/g)”相对于“总细孔容积(cc/g)”的比的百分率。在“40μm以上区间的细孔容积的比例(%)”栏中示出了“细孔径在40μm以上的细孔的细孔容积(cc/g)”相对于“总细孔容积(cc/g)”的比的百分率。
[气孔率(%)]
气孔率使用Micromeritics社制的Autopore9500(产品名)来进行测定。在气孔率的测定中,从蜂窝结构体切割出隔壁的一部分作为试验片,使用得到的试验片来进行气孔率的测定。试验片是纵、横、高的各自的长度为约10mm、约10mm、约10mm的长方体。需要说明的是,试验片是从蜂窝结构体的轴向的中心附近切割出的。
[总细孔容积(cc/g)]
隔壁的总细孔容积使用Micromeritics社制的Autopore9500(产品名)来进行测定。在总细孔容积的测定中也使用了气孔率的测定中所用的试验片。在总细孔容积的测定中,对隔壁的累积细孔容积进行测定,关于上述的“细孔径在10μm以下的细孔的细孔容积”、“细孔径为10~40μm的细孔的细孔容积”和“细孔径在40μm以上的细孔的细孔容积”,也同时进行了测定。
[平均细孔径(μm)]
隔壁的平均细孔径使用Micromeritics社制的Autopore9500(产品名)来进行测定。在平均细孔径的测定中也使用了气孔率的测定中所用的试验片。
在实施例1的蜂窝结构体中,隔壁的气孔率为50%,总细孔容积为0.40cc/g,平均细孔径为20μm。
利用以下的方法将催化剂负载于实施例1的蜂窝结构体的隔壁。首先,制备包含平均粒径5μm的沸石的催化剂浆料。将该催化剂浆料按照干燥后的每单位体积的负载量为148g/L的方式负载于蜂窝结构体。在催化剂的负载中,将蜂窝结构体浸渍(Dipping),之后,用空气将多余的催化剂浆料吹掉,使其含浸于其中。然后,在120℃的温度下进行干燥,进一步进行500℃、3小时的热处理,由此得到负载了催化剂的蜂窝结构体。实施例1的蜂窝结构体所负载的催化剂的负载量为148g/L。表2中示出了蜂窝结构体所负载的催化剂的负载量(g/L)。
【表2】
关于实施例1的蜂窝结构体,利用以下的方法进行“催化剂的填充率(%)”、“负载催化剂前后的压力损失上升率(%)”和“等静压强度(MPa)”的测定。将结果示于表2。
[催化剂的填充率(%)]
从实施例1的蜂窝结构体的蜂窝结构部切割出纵20mm、横20mm、高20mm的测定用试验片。对该试验片的隔壁实施研磨后,利用扫描型电子显微镜(SEM)在任意的三个视野中拍摄SEM图像。关于拍摄视野的一个视野的尺寸,使X方向为一片隔壁的宽度(μm)、使Y方向为600μm。然后,在将催化剂负载于蜂窝结构体时,求出实际填充了催化剂的细孔的容积(V1)相对于隔壁上形成的全部细孔的容积(V0)的比率(百分率)。具体而言,由通过图像分析进行二值化而提取的细孔部分(即未浸透催化剂的细孔和浸透了催化剂的细孔)计算出隔壁上形成的全部细孔的容积(V0)。接着,将催化剂负载于蜂窝结构体,通过图像分析进行二值化,提取浸透了催化剂的细孔部分,由此求出容积V1。然后,使用这些值,计算出催化剂填充率(%)。需要说明的是,表2的催化剂填充率(%)的值是三个视野的SEM图像的各催化剂填充率的算术平均值。另外,关于催化剂的填充率,将80%以上视为合格。
[负载催化剂前后的压力损失上升率(%)]
以10m3/min的流量使室温的空气流入负载催化剂前的蜂窝结构体,对流入端面侧和流出端面侧的压力进行测定。然后,计算出流入端面侧的压力和流出端面侧的压力的压差,求出负载催化剂前的蜂窝结构体的压力损失(kPa)。另外,关于负载催化剂后的蜂窝结构体,也利用与上述方法同样的方法求出压力损失(kPa)。将负载催化剂前的蜂窝结构体的压力损失记为“P1”、将负载催化剂后的蜂窝结构体的压力损失记为“P2”,基于下述式(1)求出“负载催化剂前后的压力损失上升率(%)”。需要说明的是,关于负载催化剂前后的压力损失上升率,将50%以下视为合格。
式(1):负载催化剂前后的压力损失上升率(%)=(P2-P1)/P1×100%
[等静压强度(MPa)]
等静压强度的测定基于由日本汽车工业协会颁布的日本汽车标准(JASO标准)的M505-87所规定的等静压破坏强度试验来进行。等静压破坏强度试验为下述试验:将蜂窝结构体放入筒状橡胶容器中,然后利用铝制板加盖,在水中进行等静压压缩。利用等静压破坏强度试验测定的等静压强度由蜂窝结构体破坏时的加压压力值(MPa)来表示。等静压强度为0.7MPa以上的情况视为“合格”、小于0.7MPa的情况视为“不合格”。
(实施例2~12)
制作如表1所示地改变了隔壁的厚度、隔室密度、气孔率、总细孔容积、平均细孔径和各细孔径中的细孔容积的比例的蜂窝结构体。气孔率、总细孔容积、平均细孔径和各细孔径中的细孔容积的比例的调整(换言之,累积细孔容积的调整)通过对成型原料中添加的造孔材料的粒径和添加量进行调节来进行。
实施例2中,使造孔材料的添加量为1.7质量份,使用平均粒径为20μm的造孔材料。需要说明的是,造孔材料的添加量表示相对于堇青石化原料100质量份的比率,之后的值也为同样的比率。
实施例3中,使造孔材料的添加量为4.9质量份,使用平均粒径为35μm的造孔材料。
实施例4中,使造孔材料的添加量为3.0质量份,使用平均粒径为40μm的造孔材料。
实施例5中,使造孔材料的添加量为3.8质量份,使用平均粒径为30μm的造孔材料。
实施例6中,使造孔材料的添加量为3.3质量份,使用平均粒径为20μm的造孔材料。
实施例7中,使造孔材料的添加量为2.8质量份,使用平均粒径为30μm的造孔材料。
实施例8中,使造孔材料的添加量为2.2质量份,使用平均粒径为20μm的造孔材料。
实施例9中,使造孔材料的添加量为3.6质量份,使用平均粒径为30μm的造孔材料。
实施例10中,使造孔材料的添加量为2.5质量份,使用平均粒径为30μm的造孔材料。
实施例11中,使造孔材料的添加量为3.1质量份,使用平均粒径为20μm的造孔材料。
实施例12中,使造孔材料的添加量为1.8质量份,使用平均粒径为25μm的造孔材料。
(比较例1~13)
制作如表1所示地改变了隔壁的厚度、隔室密度、气孔率、总细孔容积、平均细孔径和各细孔径中的细孔容积的比例的蜂窝结构体。气孔率、总细孔容积、平均细孔径和各细孔径中的细孔容积的比例的调整(换言之,累积细孔容积的调整)通过对成型原料中添加的造孔材料的粒径和添加量进行调节来进行。
比较例1中,使造孔材料的添加量为1.5质量份,使用平均粒径为25μm的造孔材料。
比较例2中,使造孔材料的添加量为5.1质量份,使用平均粒径为35μm的造孔材料。
比较例3中,使造孔材料的添加量为3.1质量份,使用平均粒径为15μm的造孔材料。
比较例4中,使造孔材料的添加量为2.2质量份,使用平均粒径为40μm的造孔材料。
比较例5中,使造孔材料的添加量为3.3质量份,使用平均粒径为40μm的造孔材料。
比较例6中,使造孔材料的添加量为4.1质量份,使用平均粒径为35μm的造孔材料。
比较例7中,使造孔材料的添加量为4.9质量份,使用平均粒径为30μm的造孔材料。
比较例8中,使造孔材料的添加量为4.9质量份,使用平均粒径为30μm的造孔材料。
比较例9中,使造孔材料的添加量为4.6质量份,使用平均粒径为30μm的造孔材料。
比较例10中,使造孔材料的添加量为4.3质量份,使用平均粒径为35μm的造孔材料。
比较例11中,使造孔材料的添加量为4.9质量份,使用平均粒径为30μm的造孔材料。
比较例12中,使造孔材料的添加量为4.1质量份,使用平均粒径为35μm的造孔材料。
比较例13中,使造孔材料的添加量为4.0质量份,使用平均粒径为40μm的造孔材料。
关于实施例2~12和比较例1~13的蜂窝结构体,进行“催化剂的填充率(%)”、“负载催化剂前后的压力损失上升率(%)”和“等静压强度(MPa)”的测定。将结果示于表2。
(结果)
实施例1~12的蜂窝结构体在“催化剂的填充率(%)”、“负载催化剂前后的压力损失上升率(%)”和“等静压强度(MPa)”的各评价中显示出了良好的结果。另一方面,比较例3~13的蜂窝结构体的催化剂的填充率小于80%,催化剂难以进入隔壁的细孔内。比较例1、2的蜂窝结构体的其它评价结果为不合格。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的蜂窝结构体可以作为用于负载废气净化用催化剂的催化剂载体来利用。
Claims (5)
1.一种蜂窝结构体,其具备柱状的蜂窝结构部,该蜂窝结构部具有多孔质的隔壁,该多孔质的隔壁配置成包围从第一端面延伸至第二端面、形成流体的流路的多个隔室,
所述隔壁的气孔率为45%~65%,
所述隔壁的平均细孔径为15μm~25μm,
在由水银压入法测定的所述隔壁的累积细孔容积中,相对于所述隔壁的总细孔容积,细孔径在10μm以下的细孔容积率为10%以下,并且,细孔径在40μm以上的细孔容积率为10%以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蜂窝结构体,其中,所述隔壁的厚度为0.089mm~0.203mm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的蜂窝结构体,其中,所述蜂窝结构部的隔室密度为31个/cm2~140个/cm2。
4.根据权利要求1~3中的任意一项所述的蜂窝结构体,其中,所述隔壁的材料包含选自由碳化硅、堇青石、硅-碳化硅复合材料、堇青石-碳化硅复合材料、氮化硅、多铝红柱石、氧化铝和钛酸铝构成的组中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1~4中的任意一项所述的蜂窝结构体,其中,所述蜂窝结构体进一步具备负载于所述隔壁的细孔的内部的废气净化用催化剂。
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CN114340761A (zh) * | 2019-09-11 | 2022-04-12 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 蜂窝结构体及尾气净化装置 |
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KR102590833B1 (ko) | 2021-03-26 | 2023-10-17 | 가부시키가이샤 프로테리아루 | 탄화규소질 세라믹 허니컴 구조체 및 그 제조 방법 |
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