CN110201035B - Plant essential oil composition for poultry and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Plant essential oil composition for poultry and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plant essential oil composition for poultry and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of poultry medicines. The poultry plant essential oil composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0-10 parts of carvacrol, 0-10 parts of thymol and 1-10 parts of eucalyptus oil. The inventor of the invention has discovered unexpectedly through years of research that the plant essential oil composition consisting of the plant essential oils of carvacrol, thymol and eucalyptus oil according to a specific proportion has an obvious treatment effect on poultry coccidiosis, does not generate drug resistance, drug residue and toxic or side effect after long-term use, has low treatment cost, and can play an important role in animal husbandry production as a substitute product of antibiotics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a plant essential oil composition for poultry and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of poultry medicines.
Background
Chicken coccidiosis is a parasitic disease with very high morbidity and mortality on chickens, is a serious disease which is epidemic in the whole world and seriously harms the chicken raising industry, generates hundreds of millions of huge economic influences on farmers every year, influences the development of the whole poultry raising industry and causes serious threats. The chicken coccidiosis is caused by a plurality of types at present, and 7 types are accepted in the world, wherein the harm caused by Eimeria necatrix (Eimeria necatrix) and Eimeria tenella (Eimeria tenella) is the most serious.
At present, antibiotics are mainly adopted in China to prevent and treat chicken coccidiosis, and comprise polyether carrier antibiotics and chemically synthesized anticoccidial drugs, such as salinomycin, maduramicin, diclazuril, toltrazuril, croissant powder, nicarbazin, aminopropionine and the like. However, long-term use of antibiotics can cause problems of drug resistance, drug residue, strong toxic and side effects, high treatment cost and the like. In addition, people have been aware of the food safety problem now, and the agricultural rural area has already made a relevant scheme, strives to pass through 3 years of time, implement the cultivation link animal antibacterial use reduction action pilot point work, promote the animal antibacterial use reduction mode, reduce the use of antibacterial drug feed additive, animal antibacterial use amount realizes "zero growth", animal residual and animal bacteria drug resistance problem are effectively controlled.
Therefore, it is becoming a great trend to find new alternatives. For example, Chinese herbal medicines (such as sweet wormwood herb, wild chrysanthemum flower, dichroa febrifuga, radix bupleuri and the like), microecologics (such as lactic acid bacteria), virulent or attenuated vaccines and plant extracts (such as brucea javanica, hypericum and the like) are developed. Plant essential oil is a kind of plant extract, and has been reported rarely.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a plant essential oil composition for poultry, a preparation method and application thereof, aiming at solving the technical problems of drug resistance, drug residue, strong toxic and side effects, high treatment cost and the like caused by long-term use of antibiotics for preventing and treating poultry coccidiosis in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a plant essential oil composition for poultry is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
0-10 parts of carvacrol, 0-10 parts of thymol and 1-10 parts of eucalyptus oil.
The poultry plant essential oil composition has the beneficial effects that:
the inventor of the invention has discovered unexpectedly through years of research that the plant essential oil composition consisting of the plant essential oils of carvacrol, thymol and eucalyptus oil according to a specific proportion has an obvious treatment effect on poultry coccidiosis, does not generate drug resistance, drug residue and toxic or side effect after long-term use, has low treatment cost, and can play an important role in animal husbandry production as a substitute product of antibiotics.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the plant essential oil composition for the poultry is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
3 parts of carvacrol, 8 parts of thymol and 4 parts of eucalyptus oil.
Further, the plant essential oil composition for the poultry is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
7 parts of carvacrol, 3 parts of thymol and 5 parts of eucalyptus oil.
The two groups of poultry plant essential oil compositions have different degrees of inhibition effects on most gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria by carvacrol, thymol and eucalyptus oil, have strong antibacterial ability, act on the membrane structure of bacterial cells, change the permeability of the bacterial cells and achieve the effect of killing bacteria. The carvacrol and the thymol act on intestinal tracts of organisms to play a beneficial role in the intestinal tracts, improve the production performance and the immunity of the organisms and relieve necrotic enteritis. The eucalyptus oil has a broad-spectrum insecticidal effect and is one of the researches of natural insecticides. Eimeria as a parasite, eucalyptus oil has inhibitory effects on its aspects. The combination and matching of the three kinds of plant essential oil can achieve the effects of treating and preventing coccidiosis, simultaneously, the intestinal tract of the organism is healthy, and the production performance and the immunity of the organism of poultry are finally improved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the poultry plant essential oil composition, which comprises the following steps:
1) heating thymol to above 85 deg.C for melting, adding carvacrol and oleum Eucalypti, and mixing to obtain mixed essential oil;
2) adding adsorbent into the mixed essential oil obtained in step 1) until saturated, and optionally coating to obtain the plant essential oil composition for poultry.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in 2), the adsorbent includes one or more of white carbon black, cyclodextrin, modified starch and porous starch.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the adsorbent can uniformly adsorb plant essential oil, and effectively avoid volatilization of carvacrol, thymol and eucalyptus oil.
Further, in 2), the coating material is any one of stearic acid and its salts and enteric slow-release coating material. The stearic acid and its salt are preferably any one of C16-C18 fatty acid, glyceryl monostearate, hydrogenated fatty acid and fatty alcohol. The enteric slow-release coating material is preferably any one of polypropylene resin IV and chitosan.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the coating adopts stearic acid or enteric-soluble slow-release coating materials, and the hydrophilic and lipophilic characteristics of the coating materials are utilized to achieve the effect of emulsification and solubilization, so that carvacrol, thymol and eucalyptus oil can effectively play a role in the intestinal tract, the villus height of the intestinal tract small intestine is improved, the crypt depth is reduced, the activity of the intestinal tract digestive enzyme is improved, and the digestion, absorption and transportation of the intestinal tract to nutrient substances are further improved. Meanwhile, the volatility of the plant essential oil can be reduced, the palatability is improved, and the mixing uniformity and stability of the product are ensured.
Further, in 2), adsorbing the plant essential oil composition for poultry by using an organic carrier adsorbent or an inorganic carrier adsorbent when the composition is not coated. The inorganic carrier adsorbent is preferably any one or a mixture of several of starch, magnesium oxide, calcium hydrogen phosphate and silicate.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: adsorbing plant essential oil into the carrier, and simultaneously reducing the volatility of the plant essential oil.
The invention also provides a medicine for preventing and treating poultry coccidiosis, which comprises the poultry plant essential oil composition.
When the plant essential oil composition for poultry is used for preventing and treating poultry coccidiosis, the plant essential oil composition for poultry is added into poultry compound feed or drinking water, and 10-400 g, preferably 50-300 g of the plant essential oil composition for poultry is added into each ton of poultry compound feed; or adding 5-250 g, preferably 25-200 g of the above fowl vegetable essential oil composition into per ton of drinking water.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
1) 3g of carvacrol, 8g of thymol and 4g of eucalyptus oil are weighed respectively.
2) Heating thymol to 90 deg.C for melting, adding carvacrol and eucalyptus oil, mixing, adding 7g white carbon black, and adsorbing to saturation to obtain three kinds of plant essential oil mixture.
3) Weighing 78g of glyceryl monostearate, heating to 90 ℃ for melting, adding the mixture of the three plant essential oils obtained in the step 2), and spraying the mixture into a cooling tower through a spray head of a centrifugal spray dryer to obtain the coated poultry plant essential oil composition.
Or weighing 78g of glyceryl monostearate, heating to 90 deg.C for melting, adding the mixture of the three plant essential oils obtained in 2) into fluidized bed of coating machine for fluidization, and spraying the melted glyceryl monostearate on the surface of the mixture of the three plant essential oils to obtain the coated poultry plant essential oil composition.
Example 2
1) 9g of carvacrol and 6g of eucalyptus oil are weighed respectively.
2) Mixing carvacrol and eucalyptus oil uniformly, and adding 7g of white carbon black to adsorb until saturation to obtain a mixture of two plant essential oils.
3) Weighing 78g of glyceryl monostearate, heating to 90 ℃ for melting, adding the mixture of the two plant essential oils obtained in the step 2), and spraying the mixture into a cooling tower through a spray head of a centrifugal spray dryer to obtain the coated poultry plant essential oil composition.
Or weighing 78g of glyceryl monostearate, heating to 90 deg.C for melting, adding the mixture of two plant essential oils obtained in 2) into fluidized bed of coating machine for fluidization, and spraying the melted glyceryl monostearate onto the surface of the mixture of two plant essential oils to obtain the coated fowl plant essential oil composition.
Example 3
1) Weighing 10g of thymol and 4g of eucalyptus oil respectively.
2) Heating thymol to 90 deg.C for melting, adding eucalyptus oil, mixing, adding 7g white carbon black, and adsorbing to saturation to obtain two plant essential oil mixtures.
3) Weighing 78g of glyceryl monostearate, heating to 90 ℃ for melting, adding the mixture of the two plant essential oils obtained in the step 2), and spraying the mixture into a cooling tower through a spray head of a centrifugal spray dryer to obtain the coated poultry plant essential oil composition.
Or weighing 78g of glyceryl monostearate, heating to 90 deg.C for melting, adding the mixture of two plant essential oils obtained in 2) into fluidized bed of coating machine for fluidization, and spraying melted glyceryl monostearate onto the surface of the mixture of two plant essential oils to obtain coated fowl plant essential oil composition.
Example 4
1) 7g of carvacrol, 3g of thymol and 5g of eucalyptus oil are weighed respectively.
2) Heating thymol to 90 deg.C for melting, adding carvacrol and eucalyptus oil, mixing, and adsorbing with 85g porous starch until saturated to obtain three kinds of plant essential oil mixture.
At this time, the mixture of the three plant essential oils is volatile and easily oxidized, and should be sealed in an aluminum foil bag, stored at below 25 deg.C, and packaged with opening.
Experiment for determining Effect
1. Test materials and test designs
The test chicks are of the variety of the Hailan grey laying hens and the chicks, the basic ration is fed from 0 day old, the chicks are divided into eight groups at random from 12 days old, each group is divided into 3 groups, and each group is divided into 30 chickens. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first group is a negative control group, and 1000 g of basic ration and zeolite powder are fed;
the second group is fed with 0.5ml/L of basic ration plus chlorothalonil;
the third group was fed a basal diet + 12.5% carvacrol and thymol (carvacrol 5% + thymol 7.5%/carvacrol 8% + thymol 4.5%) composition 2000 g/ton, the essential oil composition was prepared as in example 1;
the fourth group was fed with basal diet + 5% eucalyptus oil 2000 g/ton, and the essential oil composition was prepared in the same manner as in the example;
the fifth group was fed basal diet + 500 g/ton of the composition of example 1;
the sixth group was fed a basal diet + 1000 g/ton of the composition of example 1;
the seventh group was fed basal diet + 2000 g/ton of the composition of example 1;
the eighth group is a positive control group, and 1000 g of basic ration and zeolite powder are fed.
Group two-group eight were infected with sporulated bursa of Eimeria tenella at 14 days of age for 7 million, and the trial was concluded at 22 days of age.
The test is completed by professor Anjian of Beijing college of agriculture of the third party, and the professor Anjian is engaged in the research of the coccidiosis of the chicken for more than 20 years all the time, and the test is a blind test.
2. Experimental daily ration and feeding management
The basic daily ration formula comprises: 65 wt% of corn, 31 wt% of soybean meal, 1.6 wt% of stone powder, 1.1 wt% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 wt% of premix, 0.3 wt% of sodium chloride, 0.22 wt% of lysine, 0.18 wt% of methionine and 0.1 wt% of choline chloride.
The basic daily ration formula comprises the following nutritional ingredients: 2823 kcal of metabolizable energy per kilogram of feed, 18.5 wt% of crude protein, 0.95 wt% of calcium, 0.37 wt% of phosphorus, 0.29 wt% of salt, 1.1 wt% of lysine and 0.8 wt% of methionine and cystine.
The chicks feed freely and drink water freely according to the feeding management of the laying hens.
3. Test determination index
3.1 survival Rate
Survival rate-ratio of survival number of test group to survival number of non-infection non-administration (blank control) (%)
3.2 relative rate of weight gain
Relative weight gain ratio (%) -ratio of the weight gain of the test group to the weight gain of the non-infection (placebo) group
3.3 lesion value
Mean intestinal lesion score (0-4) × 10 for each test group
The lesion scoring method comprises the following steps: when the infection of Eimeria tenella is caused and the caecane lesions on two sides of the broiler chickens are inconsistent, the serious side is taken as the standard.
0 point, no macroscopic lesions.
+1 point, there are few bleeding points scattered on the cecal wall, no thickening of the intestinal wall, and normal contents.
+2 points, the number of lesions is large, the cecal contents are obviously bloody, the cecal wall is slightly thickened, and the contents are normal.
+3 points, large amount of blood or caecum core in the caecum, the core is clot or cheese-like block of grey-white or red-white, the wall of the intestine is obviously thickened, and the stool content in the caecum is low.
+4 points, large cecum due to large amount of blood or intestine core, and large amount of feces contained in the intestine core, or extreme atrophy of intestinal tract and extreme hypertrophy of intestinal wall; the dead chickens were also scored as + 4.
3.4 oocyst number
Oocyst production-oocysts in feces 5-8 days after coccidia infection and in cecum 8 day
Oocyst ratio (%) -ratio of the amount of oocysts produced in the drug group to the amount of oocysts produced in the non-drug-administered (infection control) group (%)
The ratio of oocysts is less than 1.0 (%), 1-25 (%), 26-50 (%), 51-75 (%), 76-100 (%) and the value of oocysts is 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 respectively.
When the ACI is more than or equal to 180, the sensitive (effective) is judged,
ACI 160-,
ACI <160, and is considered drug-resistant (ineffective).
3.5 anticoccidial index (ACI)
ACI ═ survival rate + relative rate of weight gain) - (lesion value + oocyst value)
4. Data recording and analysis
Weighing each group of chickens at the age of 12 days, weighing chickens after the age of 22 days of the test, calculating the average value of each group for data analysis, and judging the sensitivity of each group of plant essential oil compositions.
5. Results and analysis
TABLE 1 test results
As can be seen from table 1, based on group 1 (negative control group), the relative weight gain index indicates that the relative weight gain of group 7 reaches 99.05%, which indicates that the composition of example 1 added at 2000g/t after coccidium infection achieves the effect of not infecting coccidium, and the relative weight gain of group 3 is the lowest, indicating that the effect of the composition of carvacrol and thymol is significantly lower than the effect of matching the three essential oil compositions, and the relative weight gain of eucalyptus oil group 4 is higher than that of group 3, but the effect still does not reach the three essential oil compositions; the survival rate index shows that no chicken in each group dies, which is probably related to short test period; the least lesion in group 4 was indicated from the lesion score index.
The anticoccidial index ACI is obtained by combining all indexes, and shows that the anticoccidial effect of the group 3 and the group 5 is ineffective, the anticoccidial effect of the group 4 and the group 6 is partially effective, and the anticoccidial effect of the group 7 is effective, so that the effect same as that of the antibiotic group is achieved. Therefore, 2000g/t of the composition in the example 1 is added into daily ration to achieve the effect of replacing group 2 antibiotics, and the coccidiosis resisting disease of the chicken can be prevented and treated. Meanwhile, the effect of the composition in the embodiment 1 is obviously better than the matching effect of the carvacrol and thymol compositions and the effect of the eucalyptus oil composition, which shows that the three plant essential oil compositions are obviously better than the single use effect.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. The poultry plant essential oil composition for preventing and treating poultry coccidiosis is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
3 parts of carvacrol, 8 parts of thymol and 4 parts of eucalyptus oil; the preparation method of the plant essential oil composition for the poultry comprises the following steps:
1) heating thymol to above 85 deg.C for melting, adding carvacrol and oleum Eucalypti, and mixing to obtain mixed essential oil;
2) adding adsorbent into the mixed essential oil obtained in step 1) until saturated, and optionally coating to obtain the plant essential oil composition for poultry.
2. The poultry plant essential oil composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein in 2), the adsorbent is one or more of white carbon black, cyclodextrin and modified starch.
3. The avian plant essential oil composition according to claim 1, wherein in 2), the coating material is any one of stearic acid and salts thereof and an enteric slow-release coating material.
4. The avian plant essential oil composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the stearic acid and the salt thereof are any one of C16-C18 fatty acid, glyceryl monostearate, hydrogenated fatty acid and fatty alcohol, and the enteric sustained-release coating material is any one of polypropylene resin IV and chitosan.
5. A preventive and therapeutic agent for coccidiosis in poultry, which is prepared from the plant essential oil composition for poultry according to claim 1.
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| CN201910543001.3A CN110201035B (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Plant essential oil composition for poultry and preparation method and application thereof |
| PCT/CN2020/071627 WO2020253233A1 (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-01-13 | Plant essential oil composition for poultry, preparation method therefor, and application thereof |
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| CN112655822A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-16 | 辽宁菲迪饲料科技有限责任公司 | Feed additive for livestock and poultry, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113134031A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-07-20 | 广东瑞生科技集团有限公司 | Plant essential oil for preventing and treating coccidiosis and application thereof |
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| CN108186736A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-22 | 珠海天翼医药技术开发有限公司 | A kind of self-emulsifying essential oil and its preparation method and application |
| CN109601722A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-04-12 | 广东有机宝生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of lauric monoglyceride coating plants essential oil |
| CN110201035B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-08-24 | 辽宁菲迪饲料科技有限责任公司 | Plant essential oil composition for poultry and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN105475666A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-13 | 山川生物科技(武汉)有限公司 | Preparation method of feed additive for control of avian coccidiosis |
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