CN110193602B - 改善3d打印件内表面质量的方法 - Google Patents

改善3d打印件内表面质量的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN110193602B
CN110193602B CN201810164950.6A CN201810164950A CN110193602B CN 110193602 B CN110193602 B CN 110193602B CN 201810164950 A CN201810164950 A CN 201810164950A CN 110193602 B CN110193602 B CN 110193602B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
finished piece
printed
platinum
printing
quality
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201810164950.6A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN110193602A (zh
Inventor
李长鹏
周忠娇
陈国锋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to CN201810164950.6A priority Critical patent/CN110193602B/zh
Priority to EP19159650.1A priority patent/EP3530774A1/en
Publication of CN110193602A publication Critical patent/CN110193602A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN110193602B publication Critical patent/CN110193602B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
    • C23C18/1637—Composition of the substrate metallic substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/62—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
    • C23C18/1644—Composition of the substrate porous substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1689—After-treatment
    • C23C18/1692—Heat-treatment
    • C23C18/1696—Control of atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
    • C23C18/1806—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by mechanical pretreatment, e.g. grinding, sanding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
    • C23C18/1824—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment
    • C23C18/1827—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment only one step pretreatment
    • C23C18/1834—Use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, e.g. activation, sensitisation with polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
    • B22F2003/242—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种改善3D打印件内表面质量的方法，其中，包括如下步骤：利用第一材料对所述打印完成件进行化学镀，以在所述打印完成件表面沉积一层第一材料层；将所述打印完成件放入真空炉进行热处理。本发明能够具有内部沟槽结构的打印完成件表面进行表面空洞和微小凹陷的填充，并减少了打印完成件内外表面的粗糙度以及改善了打印完成件内外表面的表面质量。此外，由于本发明在打印完成件衬底上涂覆的第一材料层厚度小于5微米，因此也不会影响打印完成件的内部结构、外形或尺寸的精确度。

Description

改善3D打印件内表面质量的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印，尤其涉及一种改善3D打印件内表面质量的方法。
背景技术
现在，增材制造(Additive Manufacturing，AM)也称为3D打印由于其能够基于CAD模型草图进行快速制造，得到了越来越多的关注。3D打印技术能够在较短的时间内制造出结构复杂的零部件。选择性激光熔化(Selected Laser Melting,SLM)工艺是增材制造(Additive manufacturing)技术的一种，主要用于塑料盒金属粉末。其中，选择性激光熔化利用高功率激光熔化金属粉末，并通过3D CAD输入来一层一层地建立部件/元件，这样可以成功制造出具有复杂内部沟道的元件。
尽管3D打印技术具有巨大前景，但是其打印件的表面质量，例如表面粗糙度和瑕疵仍然是需要关心的问题。3D打印的表面粗糙度和瑕疵问题不仅仅影响了普通性能，例如打印件的流体动力学(flow dynamics)等，还会导致具有裂痕的早期疲劳失效(earlyfatigue failure)。如果相较于机器加工件，3D打印完成件由于表面质量的影响具有较低疲劳强度。
3D打印件的外表面质量问题可以容易通过额外的铣加工(additional millingmachining)或喷砂打磨(sand blasting)来改善，因此并非大问题。然而，具有复杂和小尺寸内部沟槽结构的元件却很难通过同样通过铣加工或喷砂打磨来改善内表面质量问题。
现有技术也提出通过电解抛光(electropolishing)或者磨料流抛光(abrasiveflow polishing)等来解决3D打印的内表面质量问题。然而，电解抛光的刻蚀速度是由打印件形状定义的复杂电场所极大影响，更不要提刻蚀制程可能的退化效果(deteriorationeffects)。同样，磨料流抛光的磨削速度也会被打印件复杂内部沟槽的流体动力学所极大影响，因此很难控制不影响内部结构形状的精确度。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种改善3D打印件内表面质量的方法，其中，包括如下步骤：利用第一材料对所述打印完成件进行化学镀，以在所述打印完成件表面沉积一层第一材料层；将所述打印完成件放入真空炉进行热处理。
进一步地，所述化学镀以前还包括如下步骤：对3D打印完成件内表面的打印残余粉末进行清理。
进一步地，所清理步骤还包括：采用化学刻蚀方法或者磨料流制程对3D打印完成件内表面的打印残余粉末进行清理。
进一步地，所述第一材料包括以下任一项：Ni、Co、Cu、Cd、Pb、Sb、Bi、Ag、Au、Pt、Pd、Rh、Ru、Sn、Cr、In、P、B、V、Mo、W、Mn、Re、Fe、Zn、Tl、CuNi、CuCo、CuCd、CuAu、PdNiP、PdCoP、PdZnP、AuAg、AuSn、PbSn、AuIn。
进一步地，当所述第一材料Pt，所述化学镀步骤还包括：利用铂溶液对所述打印完成件进行化学镀，以在所述打印完成件表面沉积一层金属铂层。
进一步地，所述金属铂层厚度的取值范围为1～5微米。
进一步地，所述热处理步骤还包括：将所述打印完成件设置于真空炉中进行热处理。
进一步地，真空炉内气压的取值范围为小于10-5mbar，真空炉内温度的取值范围为1050℃～1250℃，所述热处理时间的取值范围为10min～2h。
进一步地，在所述化学镀步骤之前还包括如下步骤：按照预定的模型进行3D打印，得到打印完成件。
本发明能够具有内部沟槽结构的打印完成件表面进行表面空洞和微小凹陷的填充，并减少了打印完成件内外表面的粗糙度以及改善了打印完成件内外表面的表面质量。此外，由于本发明在打印完成件衬底上涂覆的第一材料层厚度小于5微米，因此也不会影响打印完成件的内部结构、外形或尺寸的精确度。
本发明的打印完成件表面处理方法易于控制和操作，其不会产生应用化学刻蚀或电化学腐蚀制程可能的3D打印完成件材料腐蚀。当衬底材料为超耐热不锈钢时，由于在热处理步骤中铝和铂化合物的形成，本发明能进一步改善防氧化能力(the oxidationresistant of superalloy)。另外，本发明费用低效果好。
附图说明
图1a是根据本发明的一个具体实施例的改善3D打印件内表面质量的方法的内表面清理步骤的工艺流程图；
图1b是根据本发明的一个具体实施例的改善3D打印件内表面质量的方法的化学镀步骤的工艺流程图；
图1c是根据本发明的一个具体实施例的改善3D打印件内表面质量的方法的热处理步骤的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图，对本发明的具体实施方式进行说明。
本发明提供了一种改善3D打印件内表面质量的方法，其中包括如下步骤：
首先执行步骤S1，按照预定的模型进行3D打印，得到一个打印完成件。其中，选择性激光融化设备包括成型缸，其中设置有一个活塞，所述活塞能够上下移动。活塞上设置有打印板，打印板上的空间放置金属粉末。活塞通过上下移动来调整成型缸内的打印空间。选择性激光熔化设备对金属粉末执行激光扫描，将金属粉末分解为粉末基体，继续对所述粉末基体进行激光扫描直至使所述粉末基体自下而上地烧结为预设形状的打印完成件。
然后执行步骤S2，在执行3D打印以后的打印完成件内表面的打印残余粉末进行清理。其中，所述打印完成件具有多个内部沟槽。本步骤是对打印件的内部沟槽中粘附在内表面上的残留金属粉末进行初步清除。典型地，本发明可以采用化学刻蚀方法或者磨料流制程对打印件进行处理。其中，需要说明的是，磨料流制程仅适合对持续微小和残留时间短的粉末进行清理处理。经过本步骤，打印件内表面的形状尤其是内部沟槽的形状不会被影响。
图1a示出了打印完成件100的剖面结构图。特别地，打印完成件100超耐热不锈钢元件，其衬底110上具有多个裂纹110a。此外，由于打印完成件100还具有多个内部沟槽，因此在裂纹110a中或者所述内部沟槽及其裂纹中都会存在较多残留打印金属粉末。步骤S2的目的就是对上述残留金属粉末进行清除。
接着执行步骤S3，利用第一材料对所述打印完成件进行化学镀，以在所述打印完成件表面沉积一层第一材料层。其中，化学镀(Electroless plating)也称为自动催化镀(auto-catalytic plating)，其是无电流镀层方法。具体地，化学镀包括在一个水溶液中的几个同事反应，其无需连接任何外部电源。化学镀具有几个优势，包括无通量密度(Freefrom flux-density)和外界电源，因此，化学镀的执行不需要考虑工艺件的几何结构，并且，化学镀在应用了适当的预先镀层催化剂以后能够沉积在非导体表面。在打印完成件进行了表面清理以后，其表面很容易通过化学镀沉积铂金属层。化学镀尤其适合进行纯金属和金属合金的沉积。此外，化学镀沉积的材料层表面更加均一，能够控制沉积厚度小于1微米的材料层。
其中，所述第一材料包括以下任一项：Ni、Co、Cu、Cd、Pb、Sb、Bi、Ag、Au、Pt、Pd、Rh、Ru、Sn、Cr、In、P、B、V、Mo、W、Mn、Re、Fe、Zn、Tl、CuNi、CuCo、CuCd、CuAu、PdNiP、PdCoP、PdZnP、AuAg、AuSn、PbSn、AuIn。
按照本发明一个优选实施例，所述第一材料为金属箔，特别地，利用铂溶液对所述打印完成件进行化学镀，以在所述打印完成件表面沉积一层金属铂层。其中，铂溶液是铂和有机物的混合物，易于附着在衬底110表面上。
如图1b所示，在执行了步骤S3以后，工艺完成件100的衬底110上沉积了一层金属铂层120。进一步地，所述金属铂层厚度的取值范围为1～5微米。此时，一部分金属铂层120已经能够部分渗透到裂纹110a中，一定程度上解决了工艺完成件110的内表面粗糙度问题。
最后执行步骤S4，将所述打印件放入真空炉进行热处理，以使得涂覆的金属铂层120更加稳定。具体地，本发明选择了适当的涂覆材料以后，通过热处理材料元素会通过渗透以及反应作用进一步封闭打印完成件内外表面的裂缝，以改善打印完成件的疲劳寿命。具体地，如图1c所示，在高温环境下，涂覆的金属铂层120中的Pt(铂)会由于热应力(thermal stress)渗透到超耐热不锈钢衬底110中，衬底110中的Al(铝)和Ni(镍)也会向由于化学浓度差(chemical concentration difference)金属铂层120渗透。在真空热处理制程中，当Pt到达裂纹110a时，Pt会和材料中的γ(基体相)以及γ′(增强相)反应形成金属铝和铂的化合物Pt3Aland(PtNi)3Al，这是因为Al和Pt更稳定。另外，由于Pt原子比Ni原子大得多，这样的化学反应会引起体积膨胀(volume expansion)。因此，金属铝和铂的化合物Pt3Aland(PtNi)3Al会填充并封住裂缝110a中，并且进一步促进本步骤中的化学反应中的体积膨胀。
进一步地，为了避免可能的打印工艺件氧化反应，所述热处理步骤是在真空炉中进行的，真空炉内气压的取值范围为小于10-5mbar，真空炉内温度的取值范围为1050℃～1250℃，制程时间的取值范围为10min～2h。优选地，将打印完成件在真空炉中1150℃的温度下进行30min制程。
本发明能够具有内部沟槽结构的打印完成件表面进行表面空洞和微小凹陷的填充，并减少了打印完成件内外表面的粗糙度以及改善了打印完成件内外表面的表面质量。此外，由于本发明在打印完成件衬底上涂覆的第一材料层厚度小于5微米，因此也不会影响打印完成件的内部结构、外形或尺寸的精确度。
本发明的打印完成件表面处理方法易于控制和操作，其不会产生应用化学刻蚀或电化学腐蚀制程可能的3D打印完成件材料腐蚀。当衬底材料为超耐热不锈钢时，由于在热处理步骤中铝和铂化合物的形成，本发明能进一步改善防氧化能力(the oxidationresistant of superalloy)。另外，本发明费用低效果好。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后，对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此，本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。此外，不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求；“包括”一词不排除其它权利要求或说明书中未列出的装置或步骤；“第一”、“第二”等词语仅用来表示名称，而并不表示任何特定的顺序。

Claims (5)

1.改善3D打印件内表面质量的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
利用铂溶液对打印完成件进行化学镀，以在所述打印完成件表面沉积一层金属铂层；所述打印完成件的衬底中包括铝和镍；
将所述打印完成件放入真空炉进行热处理，以使所述金属铂层中的铂渗透到所述衬底中，所述衬底中的铝和镍向所述金属铂层渗透，且在所述铂到达所述打印完成件的裂纹时，所述铂和所述打印完成件中的基体相和增强相反应形成金属铝和铂的化合物；
其中，所述化学镀以前还包括如下步骤：
对3D打印完成件内表面的打印残余粉末进行清理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改善3D打印件内表面质量的方法，其特征在于，所述清理步骤包括：
采用化学刻蚀方法或者磨料流制程对3D打印完成件内表面的打印残余粉末进行清理。
3.根据权利要求1所述的改善3D打印件内表面质量的方法，其特征在于，在所述化学镀步骤之前还包括如下步骤：按照预定的模型进行3D打印，得到打印完成件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的改善3D打印件内表面质量的方法，其特征在于，所述金属铂层厚度的取值范围为1～5微米。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的改善3D打印件内表面质量的方法，其特征在于，真空炉内气压的取值范围为小于10-5mbar，真空炉内温度的取值范围为1050℃～1250℃，所述热处理时间的取值范围为10min～2h。
CN201810164950.6A 2018-02-27 2018-02-27 改善3d打印件内表面质量的方法 Active CN110193602B (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810164950.6A CN110193602B (zh) 2018-02-27 2018-02-27 改善3d打印件内表面质量的方法
EP19159650.1A EP3530774A1 (en) 2018-02-27 2019-02-27 A method for improving the inner surface quality of a 3d printout

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810164950.6A CN110193602B (zh) 2018-02-27 2018-02-27 改善3d打印件内表面质量的方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110193602A CN110193602A (zh) 2019-09-03
CN110193602B true CN110193602B (zh) 2022-04-22

Family

ID=65628636

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201810164950.6A Active CN110193602B (zh) 2018-02-27 2018-02-27 改善3d打印件内表面质量的方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3530774A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN110193602B (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200199755A1 (en) * 2018-12-20 2020-06-25 Delavan, Inc. Additively manufactured article and method of coating same
CN112024877B (zh) * 2020-09-08 2022-05-03 常州英诺激光科技有限公司 一种提高3d打印微流道零件表面质量的方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102222657A (zh) * 2011-06-30 2011-10-19 天水华天科技股份有限公司 多圈排列双ic芯片封装件及其生产方法
KR20140038483A (ko) * 2011-07-13 2014-03-28 누보트로닉스, 엘.엘.씨 전자 및 기계 구조체들을 제조하는 방법들
CN106467968A (zh) * 2015-08-21 2017-03-01 通用电气公司 改变金属表面的方法

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8506836B2 (en) * 2011-09-16 2013-08-13 Honeywell International Inc. Methods for manufacturing components from articles formed by additive-manufacturing processes
US10105798B2 (en) * 2015-11-05 2018-10-23 Honeywell International Inc. Surface improvement of additively manufactured articles produced with aluminum alloys

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102222657A (zh) * 2011-06-30 2011-10-19 天水华天科技股份有限公司 多圈排列双ic芯片封装件及其生产方法
KR20140038483A (ko) * 2011-07-13 2014-03-28 누보트로닉스, 엘.엘.씨 전자 및 기계 구조체들을 제조하는 방법들
CN106467968A (zh) * 2015-08-21 2017-03-01 通用电气公司 改变金属表面的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110193602A (zh) 2019-09-03
EP3530774A1 (en) 2019-08-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11560629B2 (en) Methods of preparing articles by electrodeposition and additive manufacturing processes
US10940566B2 (en) Surface improvement of additively manufactured articles produced with aluminum alloys
US10808322B2 (en) Electrodeposited compositions and nanolaminated alloys for articles prepared by additive manufacturing processes
Baudrand Electroless nickel plating
US8591986B1 (en) Cold spray deposition method
CN110193602B (zh) 改善3d打印件内表面质量的方法
JP2018154918A (ja) 方法およびプリント物品
US11661664B1 (en) Thin-walled high temperature alloy structures via multi-material additive manufacturing
CA2239483A1 (en) Coating particles in a centrifugal bed
EP2042620A1 (en) ELECTROLESS Ni-P PLATING METHOD AND SUBSTRATE FOR ELECTRONIC COMPONENT
CN107130237A (zh) 利用金属部件和金属蒙皮层的铸造
JPS6344820B2 (zh)
KR20220037503A (ko) 적층 제조 공정을 위한 금속 분말을 제조하는 방법 및 이러한 분말의 용도
JP6625134B2 (ja) 造形物の製造方法及び造形物
CN114007781A (zh) 具有技术功能和/或装饰功能的机械部件的激光束增材制造方法以及具有技术功能和/或装饰功能的机械部件
JP2015024625A (ja) 成形用金型及びその製造方法
US20030217791A1 (en) Method for producing a component and/or a coating comprised of a vibration-damping alloy or intermetallic compound, and component produced using this method
JP2006523769A (ja) ラピッドプロトタイピングプロセス
Pawar et al. A critical review of copper electroless deposition on glass substrates for microsystems packaging applications
CN114318202B (zh) 一种镍基合金表面耐磨涂层及其制备方法
US20210402482A1 (en) Controlling cold spray deposition adhesion for induced substrate release
JP2010090450A (ja) 金属部品およびその製造方法
US10442116B2 (en) Low-cost tooling and method for manufacturing the same
McCarthy Creating complex hollow metal geometries using additive manufacturing and metal plating
JP4074490B2 (ja) 亜鉛基合金およびその製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant