CN110191632B - Carbon dioxide fertilizer applying device - Google Patents
Carbon dioxide fertilizer applying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110191632B CN110191632B CN201780066168.4A CN201780066168A CN110191632B CN 110191632 B CN110191632 B CN 110191632B CN 201780066168 A CN201780066168 A CN 201780066168A CN 110191632 B CN110191632 B CN 110191632B
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- carbon dioxide
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- photosynthesis
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 242
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 69
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/18—Greenhouses for treating plants with carbon dioxide or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/02—Treatment of plants with carbon dioxide
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
Abstract
Provided is a carbon dioxide fertilization device capable of optimally controlling the supply amount of carbon dioxide in accordance with the photosynthetic state of a plant. The carbon dioxide fertilization device (1) judges the photosynthetic state of a plant (23) on the basis of the temperature difference between a leaf vein part (34) and a leaf part (A) of the plant (23) and the time, judges the photosynthetic speed of the plant (23) on the basis of the temperature difference between the temperature in an agricultural facility and the leaf temperature of the plant (23), and controls the supply amount of carbon dioxide to the agricultural facility in which the plant (23) grows on the basis of the photosynthetic state of the plant (23) with the judged photosynthetic speed of the plant (23) as an index.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a carbon dioxide fertilization device. More particularly, the present invention relates to a carbon dioxide fertilizer applicator for a plant cultivation facility.
Background
Conventionally, carbon dioxide has been used as a substrate for plant photosynthesis, and the rate of photosynthesis is affected by the concentration of carbon dioxide. In the case where the carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis is insufficient, the rate of photosynthesis decreases. In agricultural product production, increased yield and improved quality are achieved by fertilizing plants with carbon dioxide while maintaining a high concentration of carbon dioxide, increasing the rate of photosynthesis, and promoting growth, and this situation is referred to as carbon dioxide fertilization. As carbon dioxide fertilization techniques, there are known: a method for supplying carbon dioxide-containing micro-bubble water and a device for supplying carbon dioxide-containing micro-bubble water, which can supply sufficient carbon dioxide to the vicinity of plant leaves. For example, as described in patent document 1.
In the method for supplying carbon dioxide-containing micro-bubble water described in patent document 1, carbon dioxide and water are introduced into a micro-bubble generator to generate carbon dioxide-containing micro-bubble water, and the carbon dioxide-containing micro-bubble water is sprayed as fine water droplets onto a part of a plant by a spray duct.
In the technique described in patent document 1, a carbon dioxide-containing micro-bubble water supply device measures a leaf temperature using a thermal infrared imager or the like, and sprays carbon dioxide micro-bubble water when the leaf temperature exceeds a predetermined value. Thus, the carbon dioxide-containing micro-bubble water supply device supplies more carbon dioxide to promote photosynthesis when the plant is irradiated with more light. However, even when the leaf temperature of the plant is high due to the light irradiation, the plant closes the stomata to retain water when water stress (water stress) occurs due to insufficient water, so that carbon dioxide cannot be taken in from the stomata, and the photosynthesis rate is significantly reduced. Therefore, a carbon dioxide fertilization device is desired which can control the supply amount of carbon dioxide optimally even when photosynthesis is not actually performed due to water stress.
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2011-50293
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a carbon dioxide fertilization device which can perform optimal control of carbon dioxide supply amount according to the photosynthetic state of plants.
The problems to be solved by the present invention are as described above, and means for solving the problems are described below.
Namely, the carbon dioxide fertilization device is as follows: the photosynthetic state of the plant is determined based on the temperature difference between the leaf vein portion and the leaf portion of the plant, and the supply amount of carbon dioxide supplied into a facility in which the plant is growing is controlled based on the photosynthetic state of the plant.
The carbon dioxide fertilization device is as follows: the speed of photosynthesis of the plant is determined based on the temperature difference between the temperature in the facility and the leaf temperature of the plant, the state of photosynthesis of the plant is determined based on the time, and the supply amount of carbon dioxide to be supplied into the facility in which the plant is growing is controlled based on the state of photosynthesis of the plant using the speed of photosynthesis of the plant as an index.
The carbon dioxide fertilization device supplies carbon dioxide by an energy supply device, wherein the energy supply device comprises: an engine generator, an exhaust heat recovery mechanism of the engine generator, and a carbon dioxide separation mechanism of exhaust gas of the engine generator.
The carbon dioxide fertilization device is as follows: the leaves to be measured for the temperature difference between the vein part and the leaf part are changed according to the growth state of the plant.
The present invention achieves the following effects.
In the carbon dioxide fertilization device, the following judgment is made: whether or not photosynthesis of the plant has actually been performed. This makes it possible to optimally control the supply amount of carbon dioxide in accordance with the photosynthetic state of the plant.
In the carbon dioxide fertilization device, the external environment for photosynthesis of plants is considered by a simple method, and the following are determined: whether or not photosynthesis of the plant has actually been performed. This makes it possible to control the supply amount of carbon dioxide more appropriately in accordance with the photosynthetic state of the plant.
In the carbon dioxide fertilizer apparatus, carbon dioxide is supplied to plants by a triple production system using electric power, heat and carbon dioxide generated by an engine. Thus, the use of the trigeneration system enables the optimum control of the supply amount of carbon dioxide to be performed in accordance with the state of photosynthesis of the plant.
In the carbon dioxide fertilization device, the following judgment is made: the state of plant photosynthesis on the leaves of the site effective for plant growth. This makes it possible to optimally control the supply amount of carbon dioxide in accordance with the photosynthetic state of the plant.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing an agricultural facility provided with a carbon dioxide fertilization device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the entire configuration of the carbon dioxide fertilization device.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a control device of the carbon dioxide fertilization device.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the constitution of a leaf.
Fig. 5(a) is a graph showing a state of a leaf temperature distribution in a case where there is no water stress, (b) is a graph showing a state of a leaf temperature distribution in a case where there is water stress, and (c) is a graph showing a temperature change in a case where there is no water stress and a case where there is water stress.
Fig. 6(a) is a diagram showing a state where the leaf temperature is measured, and (b) is a diagram showing the movement of the thermo-camera in the case where the plant is grown.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing a state in which the temperature of the leaves when the fruit of the tomato grows up is measured.
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a flow of control of the supply amount of carbon dioxide.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing a relationship between a temperature difference between an air temperature and a leaf temperature and a photosynthesis speed.
Description of the symbols:
1: a carbon dioxide fertilizing device; 23: a plant; 34: the leaf vein part; a: blade part
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the overall configuration of the carbon dioxide fertilization device 1 according to an embodiment of the carbon dioxide fertilization device will be described with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
The agricultural facility 2 is a facility for growing plants such as various vegetables, fruits, flowers, and the like. Specifically, examples thereof include: the structure is a facility forming a closed space such as a greenhouse, a glass house and the like.
The tri-generation apparatus 3 is an apparatus for supplying electric power, heat, and carbon dioxide to the agricultural facility 2. The trigeneration plant 3 is disposed in the vicinity of the agricultural facility 2. The trigeneration device 3 supplies carbon dioxide into the agricultural facility 2 through a carbon dioxide supply path 4 provided along a side surface of the agricultural facility 2. The cogeneration apparatus 3 includes an engine generator 5, an exhaust heat recovery mechanism 6 of the engine generator 5, a carbon dioxide separation mechanism 7 of exhaust gas of the engine generator 5, and the like. In the present embodiment, the tri-co-generation apparatus 3 has been described as the carbon dioxide supply means, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any apparatus capable of supplying carbon dioxide such as a carbon dioxide bottle may be used.
The engine generator 5 provided in the cogeneration device 3 is a device that generates electric power by driving a generator with the driving force of the engine. The engine is not particularly limited as long as it is an apparatus in which carbon dioxide is contained in the exhaust gas, and for example, a gas engine using a gas such as a bio-energy gas as a fuel can be used. The electric power obtained by the generator may be used as it is for various electric loads 8 such as lighting in the agricultural facility 2, or may be sold or stored in a battery when not needed, and used as needed.
The exhaust heat recovery mechanism 6 is a mechanism for recovering exhaust heat of the engine generator 5. The exhaust heat recovery mechanism 6 includes: a cooling water circulation path 9 that cools the engine generator 5, an exhaust gas heat exchanger 10 that recovers exhaust heat from exhaust gas, an exhaust heat exchanger 12 that exchanges heat between the exhaust heat recovered from the engine generator 5 and the exhaust gas heat exchanger 10 and an aqueous medium from the heat storage water tank 11, and an exhaust heat recovery path 13 that supplies the exhaust heat recovered by the exhaust heat exchanger 12 to the heat storage water tank 11.
The cooling water circulation path 9 is configured to: the cooling water having a high temperature after cooling the engine generator 5 passes through the exhaust gas heat exchanger 10 and then further has a high temperature, and then passes through the waste heat exchanger 12 to exchange heat with the aqueous medium from the heat storage water tank 11 in the waste heat exchanger 12. After the heat exchange, the cooling water having a low temperature cools the engine generator 5 again by the pump 14, and thereafter, the following steps are repeated: from the exhaust gas heat exchanger 10 to the exhaust heat exchanger 12.
On the other hand, the exhaust heat recovery path 13 is configured to: the aqueous medium taken out of the heat storage water tank 11 is supplied to the waste heat exchanger 12 by the pump 15, and after the waste heat of the engine generator 5 is recovered to become hot water with a high temperature, the hot water is returned to the interior of the heat storage water tank 11. The hot water medium stored in the hot water storage tank 11 is sent to the heater 16 through the heat supply path 17, and after heat is released from the heater 16, the water medium whose temperature has been lowered is returned to the inside of the hot water storage tank 11 by the pump 18. In this way, the triple cogeneration unit 3 can heat the agricultural facility 2.
The carbon dioxide separation mechanism 7 is: carbon dioxide is separated from the exhaust gas of the engine generator 5 and supplied to the mechanism of the agricultural facility 2. The carbon dioxide separation mechanism 7 includes: an exhaust gas supply path 19 through which exhaust gas is supplied from the engine generator 5, a switching valve 20 for switching the direction of supply of exhaust gas, a carbon dioxide separation device 21 for adsorbing components other than carbon dioxide by a pressure separation method (PSA method) using an adsorbent, and a carbon dioxide supply path 4 through which carbon dioxide is supplied from the carbon dioxide separation device 21. The exhaust gas released from the engine generator 5 into the atmosphere is switched to a state in which the exhaust gas is supplied to the carbon dioxide separation device 21 by the switching valve 20, and thereby carbon dioxide is separated by the carbon dioxide separation device 21. The carbon dioxide separation mechanism 7 can supply carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide supply conduit 22 provided in an agricultural facility. The trigeneration device 3 can promote photosynthesis of the plant 23 cultivated in the agricultural facility by supplying carbon dioxide to the agricultural facility 2.
The thermal camera imaging object changing device 24 is: when the position and the imaging direction of the thermal camera 25 are changed, the imaging target of the thermal camera 25 can be changed. The thermal camera imaging object changing device 24 is provided in the vicinity of the plant 23 as the measurement object. The thermal camera imaging object changing device 24 is provided with the thermal camera 25 via an actuator capable of changing the vertical position of the thermal camera 25 and changing the imaging direction of the thermal camera 25. Further, the following configuration may be adopted: the device 24 for changing the object to be measured by the thermal camera is installed in a cart, a robot, or the like, and the cart, the robot, or the like is moved to change the plant 23 to be measured.
The thermal camera 25 is: means for photographing a temperature distribution of thermal energy radiated from an object. The thermal camera 25 is configured to: the temperature distribution of the leaves of the plant 23 is imaged, and the leaves of the plant 23 to be imaged can be changed by the imaging target changing device 24 using the thermal camera. The thermal camera 25 is connected to the control device 31, and the temperature distribution photographed is sent to the control device 31.
The in-facility thermometer 26 is: a device for sensing temperature within an agricultural facility. The in-facility thermometer 26 is connected to the controller 31, and the detected temperature is sent to the controller 31.
Sensors such as an outside air thermometer 27, a culture medium thermometer 28, and a carbon dioxide concentration meter 29 are installed in the agricultural facility 2, and the measured information is used for the growth of the plant 23. The outside air thermometer 27 detects the temperature outside the agricultural facility 2, the culture medium thermometer 28 detects the temperature of the culture medium 30 of the agricultural facility 2, and the carbon dioxide concentration meter 29 detects the carbon dioxide concentration in the agricultural facility. The outside air thermometer 27, the culture medium thermometer 28, and the carbon dioxide concentration meter 29 are connected to the control device 31, and the detected values are sent to the control device 31.
Next, the control device 31 provided in the carbon dioxide fertilizer application device 1 will be described with reference to fig. 3.
The control device 31 is: and a device for controlling the most suitable supply amount of carbon dioxide according to the photosynthetic state of the plant 23. The control device 31 may be physically configured by being connected via a bus such as a CPU, ROM, RAM, HDD, or may be configured by an LSI including a single chip. The control device 31 stores various programs and data for control.
The control device 31 is connected to the thermo-camera 25, and can acquire the temperature distribution of the leaf imaged by the thermo-camera 25.
The control device 31 is connected to the input device 32. The input device 32 includes a keyboard and a mouse for input by an operator.
The controller 31 is connected to the in-facility temperature meter 26, and can acquire the temperature in the agricultural facility detected by the in-facility temperature meter 26.
The control device 31 is connected to the timepiece 41 and can acquire the time at the current time.
The control device 31 is connected to the engine generator 5, and can control the supply amount of carbon dioxide by controlling the engine load or the operating state of the engine generator 5.
The control device 31 is connected to the switching valve 20, and the supply amount of carbon dioxide can be controlled by switching the switching valve 20.
The control device 31 is connected to the thermal camera imaging object changing device 24. The imaging target of the thermal camera 25 can be changed.
Next, the leaf structure will be described with reference to fig. 4. In the present embodiment, the plant 23 is a tomato, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the plant 23 may be any plant provided with a vein portion 34, a leaf portion a, and a stomata 35.
The leaves 33 are the organs of the plant 23 that photosynthesize and breathe. The leaf 33 includes a vein portion 34, a leaf portion a, an air hole 35, and the like.
The vein portion 34 is connected to the vascular bundle of the stem to supply water and nutrients and transport synthetic products such as starch. The vein portion 34 extends from the root of the leaf 33 toward the tip of the leaf to form a central main vein, and the vein portion 34 branched halfway extends in the lateral direction.
The leaf portion a is a main body of the leaf 33 and is a main place of photosynthesis of the plant 23. The blade a is a portion separated from the stem and extending laterally. The vein portion 34 passes through the blade portion a.
The air holes 35 exchange air with the outside for breathing and transpiration. Stomata 35 are mostly present in the epidermis on the dorsal side of the leaf 33. The air holes 35 are: the two cells (cell at the edge of the pore) are opposed to each other to form a lip-shaped structure, and the size of the pore 35 is adjusted by changing the shape of the cell at the edge of the pore. Carbon dioxide is supplied mainly through the gas hole 35. Oxygen generated by photosynthesis of the plant 23 performed inside the leaf 33 is also discharged from the air hole 35, and the release of water vapor into the air by transpiration is also performed mainly through the air hole 35. One of the elements for adjusting the opening and closing of the air hole 35 is water. Specifically, in the case where water stress is present, the plant 23 suppresses transpiration by closing the stomata 35, and delays the decrease in water in the body. Water stress refers to: the plant 23 is hindered from growing when the moisture is insufficient, and is generated when the soil is dry or when the humidity is lower than an appropriate humidity.
Next, the temperature of the leaves 33 in the case of no water stress and in the case of water stress will be described using fig. 5. In addition, the leaves 33 receive the light required for photosynthesis.
As shown in fig. 5(a), in the absence of water stress, the temperature distribution of the leaves photographed by the thermo-camera 25 appears to be darker in color and higher in temperature. The air holes in the blade a are opened and transpiration occurs, and therefore, the temperature of the blade a is lower than that of the vein portion 34.
As shown in fig. 5(b), when water stress is applied, the temperature distribution of the leaves photographed by the thermal camera 25 shows a darker color and a higher temperature as in the case of no water stress. Since the leaves 33 close the pores to suppress transpiration, the temperatures of the vein portion 34 and the blade portion a are both increased, and the temperature difference is reduced.
As shown in fig. 5(c), the temperatures of the vein portion 34 and the blade portion a are compared with each other with respect to the case where there is no water stress and the case where there is water stress by the graph. In the absence of water stress, the temperature of the vein portion 34 of the leaf 33 is higher than the atmospheric temperature, and the temperature of the blade portion a is slightly higher than the atmospheric temperature. In the case of water stress, the temperatures of the vein portion 34 and the leaf portion a of the leaf 33 are both increased, and the temperature difference is reduced. This is because: in the case of water stress, the pores are closed to retain water, so that the amount of internal heat transfer due to transpiration is reduced. When the water stress is not present, the temperature difference between the vein portion 34 and the blade portion a is reduced as compared with the case of the water stress (see the double arrow B).
Next, the control of the supply amount of carbon dioxide by the control device 31 will be described.
The control device 31 determines, based on the time at the current time obtained from the timepiece 41: whether it is time to enable photosynthesis. The term "time period during which light can be synthesized" means: daytime hours, for example 6 hours to 18 hours. The control device 31 determines that: when the plant 23 is not photosynthetic-enabled because it is not photosynthetic, the following steps are performed: the supply amount of carbon dioxide is reduced or the supply is cut off by controlling to reduce the engine load of the engine generator 5 or switching the switching valve 20. In addition, since the sunrise time and the sunset time vary depending on the season and the region, the photosynthetic time may be arbitrarily set by the operator, or the control device 31 may automatically set the photosynthetic time depending on the season.
When the time period for which the light synthesis is possible is long, the control device 31 determines the positions of the vein portion 34 and the blade portion a by image recognition based on the image of the temperature distribution captured by the thermal camera 25 (see fig. 5 a and 5 b). In the case of water stress, the temperature difference between the vein portion 34 and the leaf portion a is small, and therefore, the controller 31 determines whether or not water stress is present, that is, whether or not the plant 23 is photosynthetic (transpiration is present) based on the temperature difference between the vein portion 34 and the leaf portion a.
When it is determined that there is no water stress and the plant 23 is photosynthetic (transpiration), the control device 31 measures the leaf temperature from the image captured by the thermal camera 25. The control device 31 calculates the average temperature of the portion identified as the leaf by the image recognition as the leaf temperature. Since there is a positive correlation between the temperature difference between the air temperature (in the case where the plant 23 is present in the facility) and the leaf temperature, and the photosynthesis speed of the plant 23, the controller 31 determines the photosynthesis speed of the plant 23 based on the temperature difference between the temperature in the agricultural facility and the leaf temperature. The control device 31 controls the engine load or the operating state of the engine generator 5 or switches the switching valve 20 to control the supply amount of carbon dioxide by using the determined photosynthetic speed of the plant 23 as an index.
When the control device 31 determines that there is water stress and the plant 23 is not photosynthetic (no transpiration), the control device 31 reduces the supply amount of carbon dioxide or cuts off the supply by performing control to reduce the engine load of the engine generator 5 or switching the switching valve 20. Thus, the control device 31 supplies an appropriate amount of carbon dioxide to the plant 23 in accordance with the actual photosynthetic state.
With such a configuration, the carbon dioxide fertilizing apparatus 1 determines the execution state of photosynthesis of the plant 23 based on the temperature difference between the vein portion 34 and the leaf portion a of the plant 23 in consideration of the external environment for photosynthesis of the plant 23 by a simple method. Carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas of the engine is supplied to the plant 23. This enables appropriate control of the supply amount of carbon dioxide by the triple co-generation system.
Next, an imaging method of the thermal camera 25 will be described with reference to fig. 6 and 7.
As shown in fig. 6, the thermal camera 25 photographs the back side of the leaf of the tomato 36. When the stem of the tomato 36 is grown, since it is effective to promote photosynthesis in the vicinity of the growing point 38 (tip end portion of the stem), the leaf 37a in the vicinity of the growing point 38 is photographed by the thermo-camera 25 (see fig. 6 (a)). When the stem of the tomato 36 grows, the operator operates the input device 32 to move the thermal camera 25 upward (see arrow C), and the image pickup object of the thermal camera 25 is changed to a leaf 37b near the growing point 38 (see fig. 6 b). The controller 31 promotes the growth of the stems or roots of the tomatoes 36 by controlling the supply amount of carbon dioxide based on the photosynthetic state of the leaves at a position suitable for the growth of the stems or roots of the tomatoes 36.
As shown in fig. 7, the thermal camera 25 photographs the back side of the leaves of a fruited tomato 36. In order to grow the fruits of the tomatoes 36, it is effective to promote photosynthesis of the upper and lower leaves based on the positions of the fruits of the tomatoes 36. Therefore, when the fruit 39 of the tomato 36 is grown, the operator operates the input device 32 to set the image pickup object of the thermal camera 25 as the upper leaf 37c with reference to the position of the fruit 39 of the tomato 36. The controller 31 promotes the growth of the fruits 39 of the tomatoes 36 by controlling the supply amount of carbon dioxide based on the photosynthetic state of the leaves at a position suitable for the growth of the fruits 39 of the tomatoes 36.
With this configuration, the carbon dioxide fertilizer applicator 1 determines: the state of photosynthesis of the plant 23, which is a leaf important for the growth of the plant 23. This makes it possible to appropriately control the supply amount of carbon dioxide in accordance with the photosynthetic state of the plant 23.
Next, the control of the supply amount of carbon dioxide in the control device 31 of the carbon dioxide fertilization device 1 will be specifically described with reference to fig. 8 and 9.
In step S100, the control device 31 determines whether or not the time is a time period in which light synthesis is possible, based on the time.
As a result, if it is determined that the time zone is the photosynthetic capacity time zone, the control device 31 proceeds to step S110.
On the other hand, if it is determined that the time zone is not the photosynthetic capacity time zone, the control device 31 proceeds to step S170.
In step S110, the control device 31 determines: whether or not there is a temperature difference between the vein portion 34 and the blade portion a. In this determination, a threshold value is set, and the control device 31 determines whether or not there is a temperature difference equal to or greater than the threshold value.
As a result, if it is determined that there is a temperature difference between the vein portion 34 and the blade portion a, the control device 31 proceeds to step S120.
On the other hand, if it is determined that there is no temperature difference between the vein portion 34 and the blade portion a, the control device 31 proceeds to step S160.
In step S120, the control device 31 determines that the plant 23 has no water stress, and the process proceeds to step S130.
In step S130, the controller 31 determines that the plant 23 is photosynthetic, and proceeds to step S140.
In step S140, the controller 31 calculates the supply amount of carbon dioxide using the photosynthesis speed determined based on the temperature difference between the temperature in the agricultural facility and the leaf temperature as an index, and the process proceeds to step S150. For example, the controller 31 calculates the supply amount of carbon dioxide so as to increase the photosynthesis speed based on the relationship between the temperature difference between the air temperature and the leaf temperature and the photosynthesis speed (see fig. 9).
In step S150, the control device 31 performs: the control of supplying the carbon dioxide at the supply amount calculated in S140 ends the process of controlling the carbon dioxide fertilization device 1.
In step S160, the controller 31 determines that the plant 23 has water stress, and the process proceeds to step S170.
In step S170, the controller 31 determines that the plant 23 is not photosynthetic, and proceeds to step S180.
In step S180, control device 31 performs: the control of reducing the amount of carbon dioxide or the control of cutting off the supply of carbon dioxide ends the process of controlling the carbon dioxide fertilizer applicator 1.
The above-described embodiments are merely representative embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. It is obvious that the present invention can be implemented in various forms, and the scope of the present invention is shown by the description of the claims, and includes all modifications within the equivalent meaning and scope of the claims.
Industrial applicability
The invention can be used for a carbon dioxide fertilization device of a facility for cultivating plants.
Claims (5)
1. A carbon dioxide fertilizing device, which is characterized in that,
determining the photosynthetic state of the plant based on a temperature difference between a vein portion and a leaf portion of the plant,
and controlling the supply amount of carbon dioxide supplied into the facility in which the plant grows, based on the state of photosynthesis of the plant.
2. The carbon dioxide fertilization device of claim 1,
determining a speed of photosynthesis of the plant based on a temperature difference between a temperature within the facility and a leaf temperature of the plant,
determining the state of photosynthesis of the plant based also on the time of day,
and controlling the supply amount of carbon dioxide supplied into the facility in which the plant grows, based on the state of photosynthesis of the plant, using the speed of photosynthesis of the plant as an index.
3. The carbon dioxide fertilization device of claim 1,
carbon dioxide is supplied by an energy supply device,
the energy supply device is provided with: an engine generator, an exhaust heat recovery mechanism of the engine generator, and a carbon dioxide separation mechanism of exhaust gas of the engine generator.
4. The carbon dioxide fertilization device of claim 2,
carbon dioxide is supplied by an energy supply device,
the energy supply device is provided with: an engine generator, an exhaust heat recovery mechanism of the engine generator, and a carbon dioxide separation mechanism of exhaust gas of the engine generator.
5. The carbon dioxide fertilization device of any one of claims 1 to 4,
and changing the leaves of the object to be measured for the temperature difference between the vein part and the leaf part according to the growth state of the plant.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| PCT/JP2017/047290 WO2018135296A1 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-12-28 | Carbon dioxide fertilizing device |
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| US10806099B2 (en) | 2017-08-24 | 2020-10-20 | Vertical Air Solutions LLC | System and method for providing carbon dioxide and circulating air for a vertical gardening system |
| US10694682B2 (en) | 2017-08-24 | 2020-06-30 | Vertical Air Solutions LLC | System and method for providing carbon dioxide and circulating air for a vertical gardening system |
| JP6578492B1 (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-09-25 | 株式会社西部技研 | Integrated generator for carbon dioxide recovery |
| KR102248334B1 (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-05-06 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | Method for vertical environment control in greenhouses using spatial leaf photosynthetic rate models |
| JP7315958B2 (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2023-07-27 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | Crop imaging device and crop imaging method |
| CN111373960A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-07 | 南京白龙有机农业科技开发有限公司 | Method and device for controlling release amount of carbon dioxide |
| JP7481678B2 (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2024-05-13 | 井関農機株式会社 | Fruit growing equipment |
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| WO2018135296A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
| CN110191632A (en) | 2019-08-30 |
| JP6642900B2 (en) | 2020-02-12 |
| JP2018117539A (en) | 2018-08-02 |
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