WO2018135296A1

WO2018135296A1 - Carbon dioxide fertilizing device

Info

Publication number: WO2018135296A1
Application number: PCT/JP2017/047290
Authority: WO
Inventors: 武本　徹; 章夫石井
Original assignee: ヤンマー株式会社
Priority date: 2017-01-23
Filing date: 2017-12-28
Publication date: 2018-07-26
Also published as: CN110191632B; JP6642900B2; JP2018117539A; CN110191632A

Abstract

Provided is a carbon dioxide fertilizing device capable of optimally controlling the amount of supply of carbon dioxide in accordance with the state of photosynthesis of a plant. This carbon dioxide fertilizing device 1 determines the state of photosynthesis of a plant 23 on the basis of the difference in temperature of a leaf vein part 34 and a leaf blade part A of the plant 23 and the time, determines the rate of photosynthesis of the plant 23 on the basis of the temperature difference between the temperature in an agricultural facility and the leaf temperature of the plant 23, and controls the amount of supply of carbon dioxide to the agricultural facility in which the plant 23 is grown on the basis of the state of photosynthesis of the plant 23 using the determined photosynthesis rate of the plant 23 as an index.

Description

Carbon dioxide fertilizer

The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide fertilizer. In detail, it is related with the carbon dioxide fertilizer of the facility which grows a plant.

Conventionally, carbon dioxide is a substrate for plant photosynthesis, and the rate of photosynthesis is affected by the concentration of carbon dioxide. When the carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis is insufficient, the rate of photosynthesis decreases. In the production of agricultural products, carbon dioxide fertilization is a process in which carbon dioxide is fertilized to plants to keep the concentration of carbon dioxide high, increase the rate of photosynthesis, and promote growth to increase yield and improve quality. As a carbon dioxide fertilization technique, a carbon dioxide microbubble-containing water supply method and a carbon dioxide microbubble-containing water supply device capable of supplying sufficient carbon dioxide near the leaves of a plant are known. For example, as described in Patent Document 1.

The carbon dioxide microbubble-containing water supply method described in Patent Literature 1 introduces carbon dioxide and water into a microbubble generator to generate carbon dioxide microbubble-containing water, and the carbon dioxide microbubble-containing water is sprayed into the spray duct. Then, it is discharged as a fine water droplet to the local part of the plant.

In the technology described in Patent Document 1, a carbon dioxide microbubble-containing water supply device measures leaf temperature by thermography or the like, and sprays carbon dioxide microbubble-containing water when the leaf temperature exceeds a predetermined value. As a result, the carbon dioxide microbubble-containing water supply device promotes photosynthesis by supplying a large amount of carbon dioxide when the plant receives a lot of light. However, even when the plant is exposed to light and the leaf temperature is high, when water stress is insufficient, the plant retains its moisture and closes the pores, so that carbon dioxide is not taken in from the pores and photosynthesis Speed is significantly reduced. Therefore, there has been a demand for a carbon dioxide fertilizer that can control the optimum amount of carbon dioxide even when water stress occurs and photosynthesis cannot actually be performed.

JP 2011-50293 A

An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide fertilizer that can control the optimum supply amount of carbon dioxide in accordance with the state of photosynthesis of plants.

The problems to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, means for solving the problems will be described.

That is, the carbon dioxide fertilizer application device determines the state of photosynthesis of the plant based on the temperature difference between the leaf vein portion and the leaf blade portion of the plant, and enters the plant where the plant is grown based on the state of photosynthesis of the plant. It controls the supply amount of carbon dioxide.

The carbon dioxide fertilizer device determines the rate of plant photosynthesis based on the temperature difference between the temperature in the facility and the leaf temperature of the plant, determines the state of plant photosynthesis based on the time, and determines the rate of plant photosynthesis. Is used as an index to control the amount of carbon dioxide supplied to the plant-growing facility based on the state of photosynthesis of the plant.

Carbon dioxide fertilizer is a device that supplies carbon dioxide by an energy supply device that includes an engine generator, waste heat recovery means for the engine generator, and carbon dioxide separation means for exhaust gas from the engine generator.

The carbon dioxide fertilizer changes the target leaf for measuring the temperature difference between the leaf vein portion and the leaf blade portion according to the growth state of the plant.

The present invention has the following effects.

In the carbon dioxide fertilizer, it is determined whether or not plant photosynthesis is actually performed. Thereby, the optimal supply amount of carbon dioxide can be controlled in accordance with the state of plant photosynthesis.

In the carbon dioxide fertilizer, the external environment for performing plant photosynthesis is taken into consideration by a simple method, and it is determined whether or not plant photosynthesis is actually performed. Thereby, according to the photosynthesis state of a plant, control of the supply amount of a more optimal carbon dioxide can be performed.

In a carbon dioxide fertilizer, carbon dioxide is supplied to plants by a trigeneration system that uses electric power, heat and carbon dioxide produced from the engine. Thereby, the optimal supply amount of carbon dioxide can be controlled in accordance with the state of photosynthesis of the plant using the trigeneration system.

In the carbon dioxide fertilizer, the state of photosynthesis of the plant in the leaf at a position effective for the growth of the plant is determined. Thereby, the optimal supply amount of carbon dioxide can be controlled in accordance with the state of plant photosynthesis.

The perspective view which shows an agricultural facility provided with a carbon dioxide fertilizer. Schematic which shows the whole structure of a carbon dioxide fertilizer. The figure which shows the structure of the control apparatus of a carbon dioxide fertilizer. The figure which shows the structure of a leaf. (A) The figure which shows the state of the temperature distribution of the leaf when there is no water stress, (b) The figure which shows the state of the temperature distribution of the leaf when there is a water stress, (c) The case where there is no water stress and the water stress The figure which shows the change of temperature with a certain case. (A) The figure which shows the state which is measuring the temperature of a leaf, (b) The figure which shows the movement of a thermo camera when a plant grows. The figure which shows the state which is measuring the temperature of the leaf in the case of making the tomato fruit large. The figure which shows the flowchart showing control of the supply amount of a carbon dioxide. The figure which shows the relationship between the temperature difference of temperature and leaf temperature, and a photosynthetic rate.

Hereinafter, the overall configuration of the carbon dioxide fertilizing device 1 according to an embodiment of the carbon dioxide fertilizing device will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Agricultural facility 2 is a facility for growing plants such as various vegetables, fruits and flowers. Specifically, a facility configured to form a closed space such as a vinyl house or a glass house can be mentioned.

The trigeneration device 3 supplies electric power, heat, and carbon dioxide to the agricultural facility 2. The trigeneration device 3 is installed in the vicinity of the agricultural facility 2. The trigeneration apparatus 3 supplies carbon dioxide to the inside of the agricultural facility 2 through the carbon dioxide supply path 4 provided along the side surface of the agricultural facility 2. The trigeneration apparatus 3 includes an engine generator 5, waste heat recovery means 6 of the engine generator 5, exhaust gas carbon dioxide separation means 7 of the engine generator 5, and the like. In the present embodiment, the trigeneration apparatus 3 will be described as the carbon dioxide supply means. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any device capable of supplying carbon dioxide such as a carbon dioxide cylinder may be used.

The engine generator 5 included in the trigeneration apparatus 3 is configured to generate electric power by driving the generator with the driving force of the engine. The engine is not particularly limited as long as it contains carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas. For example, a gas engine using a gas such as biomass gas as fuel can be used. Moreover, the electric power obtained by the generator may be used as it is for various power loads 8 such as lighting in the agricultural facility 2, or is stored in a power sale or a storage battery when it is unnecessary, and if necessary. It may be designed to be used.

Waste heat recovery means 6 recovers waste heat of the engine generator 5. The waste heat recovery means 6 is recovered from the cooling water circulation path 9 that cools the engine generator 5, the exhaust gas heat exchanger 10 that recovers waste heat from the exhaust gas, and the engine generator 5 and the exhaust gas heat exchanger 10. The waste heat heat exchanger 12 exchanges heat with the aqueous medium from the hot water storage tank 11 and the waste heat recovery path 13 supplies the waste heat recovered by the waste heat heat exchanger 12 to the hot water storage tank 11. ing.

The cooling water circulation path 9 is used when the cooling water that has become high temperature after cooling the engine generator 5 passes through the exhaust heat exchanger 10 and then passes through the waste heat heat exchanger 12. The waste heat heat exchanger 12 is configured to exchange heat with the aqueous medium from the hot water tank 11. The cooling water having a low temperature after the heat exchange cools the engine generator 5 again by the pump 14 and then repeats circulation from the exhaust gas heat exchanger 10 to the waste heat heat exchanger 12.

On the other hand, the waste heat recovery path 13 supplies the aqueous medium taken out from the hot water storage tank 11 to the waste heat heat exchanger 12 by the pump 15, recovers the waste heat of the engine generator 5 to make hot water, and then stores the hot water. It is configured to return to the inside of the tank 11. The hot water medium stored in the hot water tank 11 is sent to the heater 16 via the heat supply path 17 and radiated by the heater 16, and then the aqueous medium whose temperature has decreased is returned to the hot water tank 11 by the pump 18. . In this way, the trigeneration device 3 can heat the agricultural facility 2.

The carbon dioxide separating means 7 separates carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas of the engine generator 5 and supplies it to the agricultural facility 2. The carbon dioxide separation means 7 includes an exhaust gas supply path 19 for supplying exhaust gas from the engine generator 5, a switching valve 20 for switching the direction of supplying exhaust gas, and a pressure-type separation method (PSA method) using an adsorbent. Is constituted by a carbon dioxide separator 21 that adsorbs components other than carbon dioxide, and a carbon dioxide supply path 4 that supplies carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide separator 21. The exhaust gas released to the atmosphere from the engine generator 5 is switched to a state in which the exhaust gas is supplied to the carbon dioxide separator 21 by the switching valve 20, whereby the carbon dioxide is separated by the carbon dioxide separator 21. The carbon dioxide separator 7 can supply carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide supply duct 22 provided in the agricultural facility. The trigeneration apparatus 3 can promote photosynthesis of the plant 23 cultivated in the agricultural facility by supplying carbon dioxide to the agricultural facility 2.

The thermo camera shooting target changing device 24 changes the shooting target of the thermo camera 25 by changing the position and shooting direction of the thermo camera 25. The thermo camera shooting target changing device 24 is provided in the vicinity of the plant 23 to be measured. The thermo camera shooting target changing device 24 is provided with a thermo camera 25 via an actuator that can change the vertical position of the thermo camera 25 and change the shooting direction of the thermo camera 25. In addition, it is good also as a structure which can provide the thermocamera imaging | photography object change apparatus 24 in a trolley | bogie, a robot, etc. and can change the plant 23 of the object measured by moving a trolley | bogie, a robot, etc.

The thermo camera 25 captures a temperature distribution of thermal energy radiated from an object. The thermo camera 25 is configured to photograph the temperature distribution of the leaves of the plant 23 and to change the leaves of the plant 23 to be photographed by the thermo camera photographing target changing device 24. The thermo camera 25 is connected to the control device 31, and the photographed temperature distribution is sent to the control device 31.

The facility thermometer 26 detects the temperature in the agricultural facility. The in-facility thermometer 26 is connected to the control device 31, and the detected temperature is sent to the control device 31.

Also, sensors such as an outside air thermometer 27, a medium thermometer 28, and a carbon dioxide concentration meter 29 are provided in the agricultural facility 2, and the measured information is used for the growth of the plant 23. The outside air thermometer 27 detects the temperature outside the agricultural facility 2, the medium thermometer 28 detects the temperature of the medium 30 in the agricultural facility 2, and the carbon dioxide concentration meter 29 detects the carbon dioxide concentration in the agricultural facility. The outside air thermometer 27, the culture medium thermometer 28, and the carbon dioxide concentration meter 29 are connected to the control device 31, and the detected value is sent to the control device 31.

Next, the control device 31 included in the carbon dioxide fertilizer application device 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

The control device 31 controls the optimal supply amount of carbon dioxide in accordance with the photosynthesis state of the plant 23. The control device 31 may actually have a configuration in which a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an HDD, and the like are connected by a bus, or may be configured by a one-chip LSI or the like. The control device 31 stores various programs and data for control.

The control device 31 is connected to the thermo camera 25, and can acquire the temperature distribution of the leaves taken by the thermo camera 25.

The control device 31 is connected to the input device 32. The input device 32 includes a keyboard and a mouse and is used for input by an operator.

The control device 31 is connected to the in-facility thermometer 26, and can acquire the temperature in the agricultural facility detected by the in-facility thermometer 26.

The control device 31 is connected to the clock 41 and can acquire the current time.

The control device 31 is connected to the engine generator 5 and can control the supply amount of carbon dioxide by controlling the engine load or the operating state of the engine generator 5.

The control device 31 is connected to the switching valve 20 and can control the supply amount of carbon dioxide by switching the switching valve 20.

The control device 31 is connected to the thermo camera shooting target changing device 24 and can change the shooting target of the thermo camera 25.

Next, the configuration of the leaves will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, the plant 23 is described as being a tomato. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any plant 23 including the leaf vein portion 34, the leaf blade portion A, and the pores 35 may be used.

The leaf 33 is an organ that performs photosynthesis and respiration of the plant 23. The leaf 33 includes a leaf vein portion 34, a leaf blade portion A, a pore 35, and the like.

The vein portion 34 is connected to the vascular bundle of the stem to supply water and nutrients, and carries synthetic products such as starch. The leaf vein portion 34 runs from the base of the leaf 33 to the tip thereof, and the leaf vein portion 34 branches laterally along the way.

The leaf blade part A is the main body of the leaf 33 and is a main place for photosynthesis of the plant 23. Leaf blade part A is a part which is separated from the stem and extends to the side. The leaf vein portion 34 passes through the inside of the leaf blade portion A.

The pores 35 exchange gas with the outside for breathing and transpiration. There are many pores 35 in the epidermis on the back side of the leaf 33. The pore 35 has a structure in which two cells (guard cells) face the lip shape, and the size of the pore 35 is adjusted by changing the shape of the guard cells. Carbon dioxide is mainly supplied through the pores 35. Further, oxygen generated by the photosynthesis of the plant 23 performed inside the leaf 33 is also discharged from the pores 35, and similarly, the release of water vapor into the air by transpiration is performed mainly through the pores 35. One of the elements that adjust the opening and closing of the pores 35 is water. Specifically, when there is water stress, the plant 23 suppresses the transpiration by closing the pores 35 and delays the moisture reduction in the body. Water stress is stress that the plant 23 receives when moisture is insufficient, and occurs when the soil is dry or when the humidity is lower than the appropriate humidity.

Next, the temperature of the leaf 33 when there is no water stress and when there is water stress will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the leaf 33 receives light necessary for photosynthesis.

As shown in FIG. 5A, when there is no water stress, the temperature distribution of the leaves taken by the thermo camera 25 indicates that the darker the color is, the higher the temperature is. Since the pores in the leaf blade portion A are open and transpiration is performed, the temperature of the leaf blade portion A is lower than that of the leaf vein portion 34.

As shown in FIG. 5 (b), when there is water stress, the temperature distribution of the leaves photographed by the thermo camera 25 also indicates that the darker the color, the higher the temperature, as in the case without water stress. Since the leaf 33 closes the pores and suppresses transpiration, the temperatures of the vein portion 34 and the leaf blade portion A both rise, and the temperature difference decreases.

As shown in FIG. 5C, the temperature of the leaf vein portion 34 and the leaf blade portion A is compared between the case where there is no water stress and the case where there is water stress. When there is no water stress, the leaf 33 has a temperature of the leaf vein portion 34 higher than the air temperature, and the temperature of the leaf blade portion A is slightly higher than the air temperature. When there is water stress in the leaf 33, both the temperature of the leaf vein portion 34 and the leaf blade portion A rise, and the temperature difference decreases. This is because when there is water stress, the pores are closed to retain moisture, and the amount of latent heat transfer due to transpiration is reduced. When the case where there is no water stress and the case where there is water stress are compared, the temperature difference between the leaf vein portion 34 and the leaf blade portion A decreases (see double arrow B).

Next, the control of the supply amount of carbon dioxide performed by the control device 31 will be described.

The control device 31 determines whether it is a photosynthesis possible time based on the current time acquired from the clock 41. The photosynthesizable time is the daytime, for example, from 6:00 to 18:00. When it is determined that the plant 23 is not performing photosynthesis, instead of the photosynthesis possible time, the control device 31 performs control for reducing the engine load of the engine generator 5 or switching of the switching valve 20 to thereby reduce carbon dioxide. Reduce supply or cut off supply. Note that the photosynthesizable time varies depending on the season and region, so the sunrise and sunset times vary, so the operator can arbitrarily set the photosynthesizable time, or the control device 31 can automatically synthesize photos according to the season. It is good also as a structure which sets time.

In the case of the photosynthesis possible time, the control device 31 uses the image of the temperature distribution photographed by the thermo camera 25 (see FIGS. 5A and 5B) to recognize the leaf vein part 34 and the blade part A by image recognition. Determine the position. When there is water stress, the control device 31 reduces the temperature difference between the leaf vein portion 34 and the leaf blade portion A, so whether there is water stress based on the temperature difference between the leaf vein portion 34 and the leaf blade portion A. That is, it is determined whether or not the plant 23 is performing photosynthesis (existence of transpiration).

When it is determined that there is no water stress and the plant 23 is performing photosynthesis (with transpiration), the control device 31 measures the leaf temperature from the image captured by the thermo camera 25. The control device 31 calculates the average temperature of the part recognized as the leaf by the image recognition as the leaf temperature. Since the temperature difference between the air temperature (the temperature in the facility when the plant 23 is in the facility) and the leaf temperature has a positive correlation with the photosynthesis rate of the plant 23, the control device 31 determines the temperature in the agricultural facility. Based on the temperature difference from the leaf temperature, the photosynthesis rate of the plant 23 is determined. The control device 31 controls the supply amount of carbon dioxide by controlling the engine load or operating state of the engine generator 5 or switching the switching valve 20 using the determined photosynthesis speed of the plant 23 as an index.

When the control device 31 determines that there is water stress and the plant 23 is not performing photosynthesis (no transpiration), the control device 31 performs control for reducing the engine load of the engine generator 5 or switching of the switching valve 20. By performing, the supply amount of carbon dioxide is reduced or the supply is interrupted. As a result, the control device 31 supplies an appropriate amount of carbon dioxide to the plant 23 in accordance with the actual state of photosynthesis.

By configuring in this way, the carbon dioxide fertilizer application device 1 is based on the temperature difference between the leaf vein portion 34 and the leaf blade portion A of the plant 23 in consideration of the external environment for photosynthesis of the plant 23 by a simple method. Thus, the implementation status of the photosynthesis of the plant 23 is determined. Further, carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas of the engine is supplied to the plant 23. Thereby, it is possible to appropriately control the supply amount of carbon dioxide using the trigeneration system.

Next, with reference to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, a photographing method of the thermo camera 25 will be described.

As shown in FIG. 6, the thermo camera 25 is photographing the back side of the leaf of the tomato 36. When the thermo camera 25 grows the stem of the tomato 36, it is effective to promote photosynthesis in the vicinity of the growth point 38 (the tip of the stem). 6 (a)). When the stem of the tomato 36 grows, the operator operates the input device 32 to move the thermo camera 25 upward (see arrow C), and changes the imaging target of the thermo camera 25 to the leaf 37b near the growth point 38. (See FIG. 6B). The control device 31 promotes the growth of the stem and root of the tomato 36 by controlling the supply amount of carbon dioxide based on the photosynthesis state of the leaf at a position suitable for the growth of the stem and root of the tomato 36.

As shown in FIG. 7, the thermo camera 25 is photographing the back side of the leaf of the tomato 36 that has been fruited. In order to enlarge the fruit of the tomato 36, it is effective to promote the photosynthesis of the upper and lower leaves with reference to the position of the fruit of the tomato 36. Therefore, when the operator enlarges the fruit 39 of the tomato 36, the operator operates the input device 32 to set the photographing target of the thermo camera 25 to the upper leaf 37c with reference to the position of the fruit 39 of the tomato 36. The control device 31 promotes the growth of the fruit 39 of the tomato 36 by controlling the supply amount of carbon dioxide based on the photosynthesis state of the leaf at a position suitable for the growth of the fruit 39 of the tomato 36.

With this configuration, the carbon dioxide fertilizer application device 1 determines the state of photosynthesis of the plant 23 that is important for the growth of the plant 23. Thereby, according to the photosynthesis state of the plant 23, control of the supply amount of an appropriate carbon dioxide can be performed.

Next, the control of the supply amount of carbon dioxide in the control device 31 of the carbon dioxide fertilizer application device 1 will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.

In step S <b> 100, the control device 31 determines whether or not it is a photosynthesis possible time zone from the time.
As a result, when it is determined that it is the photosynthesis possible time zone, the control device 31 proceeds to step S110.
On the other hand, if it is determined that the time period is not photosynthesis possible, the control device 31 proceeds to step S170.

In step S <b> 110, the control device 31 determines whether there is a temperature difference between the leaf vein portion 34 and the leaf blade portion A. In this determination, a threshold is set, and the control device 31 determines whether there is a temperature difference equal to or greater than the threshold.
As a result, when it is determined that there is a temperature difference between the leaf vein portion 34 and the leaf blade portion A, the control device 31 proceeds to step S120.
On the other hand, if it is determined that there is no temperature difference between the leaf vein portion 34 and the leaf blade portion A, the control device 31 proceeds to step S160.

In step S120, the control device 31 determines that there is no water stress in the plant 23, and proceeds to step S130.

In step S130, the control device 31 determines that the plant 23 is performing photosynthesis, and proceeds to step S140.

In step S140, the control device 31 calculates the supply amount of carbon dioxide using the photosynthetic rate determined based on the temperature difference between the temperature in the agricultural facility and the leaf temperature as an index, and proceeds to step S150. For example, the control device 31 calculates the supply amount of carbon dioxide so as to increase the photosynthesis rate based on the relationship between the temperature difference between the air temperature and the leaf temperature and the photosynthesis rate (see FIG. 9).

In step S150, the control device 31 performs control to supply the supply amount of carbon dioxide calculated in S140, and ends the control processing of the carbon dioxide fertilizer application device 1.

In step S160, the control device 31 determines that there is water stress of the plant 23, and proceeds to step S170.

In step S170, the control device 31 determines that the plant 23 is not performing photosynthesis, and proceeds to step S180.

In step S180, the control device 31 performs control to reduce the supply amount of carbon dioxide or control to cut off the supply, and terminates the control processing of the carbon dioxide fertilizer application device 1.

The above-described embodiment merely shows a representative form, and various modifications can be made without departing from the essence of the embodiment. It goes without saying that the present invention can be embodied in various forms, and the scope of the present invention is indicated by the description of the scope of claims, and the equivalent meanings of the scope of claims, and all the scopes within the scope of the claims Includes changes.

The present invention can be used in a carbon dioxide fertilizer for facilities that grow plants.

1 Carbon dioxide fertilizer equipment 23 Plant 34 Leaf vein part A Leaf part

Claims

Based on the temperature difference between the plant veins and leaf blades, determine the state of photosynthesis of the plant,
A carbon dioxide fertilizer application apparatus that controls the amount of carbon dioxide supplied to a facility where the plant is grown based on the state of photosynthesis of the plant.
Based on the temperature difference between the temperature in the facility and the leaf temperature of the plant, the rate of photosynthesis of the plant is determined,
Determine the state of photosynthesis of the plant based on time,
Using the rate of photosynthesis of the plant as an index,
The carbon dioxide fertilizer application apparatus of Claim 1 which controls the supply amount of the carbon dioxide to the institution which grows the said plant based on the state of photosynthesis of the said plant.
An engine generator,
Waste heat recovery means of the engine generator;
The carbon dioxide fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein carbon dioxide is supplied by an energy supply device comprising a carbon dioxide separation means for exhaust gas of the engine generator.
The carbon dioxide fertilizer application device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a target leaf for measuring a temperature difference between the leaf vein portion and the leaf blade portion is changed according to a growth state of the plant.