CN110185739A - 车辆减震器组件 - Google Patents

车辆减震器组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110185739A
CN110185739A CN201910119708.1A CN201910119708A CN110185739A CN 110185739 A CN110185739 A CN 110185739A CN 201910119708 A CN201910119708 A CN 201910119708A CN 110185739 A CN110185739 A CN 110185739A
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damper
jolts
ring
spring
striker
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R·P·帕蒂尔
R·L·格斯勒
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G13/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers
    • B60G13/001—Arrangements for attachment of dampers
    • B60G13/003—Arrangements for attachment of dampers characterised by the mounting on the vehicle body or chassis of the damper unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
    • F16F3/08—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
    • F16F3/087—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material
    • F16F3/0873—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material of the same material or the material not being specified
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • B60G15/062—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • B60G15/062—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper
    • B60G15/065—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper characterised by the use of a combination of springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • B60G15/067—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper characterised by the mounting on the vehicle body or chassis of the spring and damper unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/005—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a wound spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/007—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a wound spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/023—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F16F15/08—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with rubber springs ; with springs made of rubber and metal
    • F16F15/085—Use of both rubber and metal springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/58—Stroke limiting stops, e.g. arranged on the piston rod outside the cylinder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/20—Type of damper
    • B60G2202/24—Fluid damper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/30—Spring/Damper and/or actuator Units
    • B60G2202/31—Spring/Damper and/or actuator Units with the spring arranged around the damper, e.g. MacPherson strut
    • B60G2202/312—The spring being a wound spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/30—Spring/Damper and/or actuator Units
    • B60G2202/32—The spring being in series with the damper and/or actuator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/45—Stops limiting travel
    • B60G2204/4502—Stops limiting travel using resilient buffer
    • B60G2204/45021—Stops limiting travel using resilient buffer for limiting upper mount movement of a McPherson strut
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/40—Constructional features of dampers and/or springs
    • B60G2206/42—Springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/70—Materials used in suspensions
    • B60G2206/72—Steel
    • B60G2206/722—Plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/70—Materials used in suspensions
    • B60G2206/73—Rubber; Elastomers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/16—Running
    • B60G2800/162—Reducing road induced vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F16F2224/0208—Alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F16F2224/025—Elastomers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/0005—Attachment, e.g. to facilitate mounting onto confer adjustability
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/0023—Purpose; Design features protective
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/16—Purpose; Design features used in a strut, basically rigid

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

减震器组件具有负载管理系统，该负载管理系统包括颠簸减震器、可一致地联接到减震器管的端部的撞针盖、和附接到撞针盖的颠簸减震器约束件，该颠簸减震器约束件包括环，该环轴向地远离撞针盖并朝向颠簸减震器延伸，以在其中限定颠簸减震器速率杯。在冲击事件期间，撞针盖和环轴向地和径向地接合颠簸减震器。

Description

车辆减震器组件
引言
本公开总体涉及用于机动车辆的悬架系统，并且更具体地，涉及减少减震支承负载的减震器组件。
机动车辆包括悬架系统，该悬架系统可包括在车身或车架与一组车轮之间延伸的弹簧、减震器和支撑构件。当车辆横穿不平坦的地形时，悬架系统以受控的方式伸展和收缩，以缓冲车身和车轮之间的相对运动。在相对发达的道路上行驶时，悬架系统的部件以受控的方式消散由颠簸、坑洼和其他道路异常产生的力，这有助于驾驶员保持对车辆的控制并为驾驶员和乘客提供舒适的驾驶环境。
在恶劣的使用条件中，当车辆悬架暴露于高冲击事件时，悬架部件上的过度负载可能导致压缩超过一组限制或超出部件的设计操作范围。车身和车轮之间的过度相对运动(“颠簸”)可能导致悬架部件和其他车辆元件之间潜在的破坏性碰撞。为了防止这种碰撞，悬架系统采用冲击负载管理系统来限制过度的颠簸。这种系统通常包括颠簸减震器组件，在严重冲击事件期间接合和压缩，以提供进一步悬挂行程的触底或限制。颠簸减震器组件可以方便地位于悬架支柱或减震器组件的主体内。组件通常包括联接到支柱减震器管的端盖的刚性撞针表面和联接到上支柱组件支架的聚氨酯泡沫基或橡胶颠簸减震器。撞针表面和颠簸减震器沿着共同的活塞杆轴线对齐并且间隔开，使得在冲击事件期间，颠簸减震器和撞针表面接合，导致减震器沿着在负载方向上的活塞杆轴线变形。
由于撞针表面的刚性和泡沫减震器吸收相关能量的能力有限，诸如所描述的负载管理系统的配置可以提供来自冲击负载的最小缓冲效果。撞针表面、颠簸减震器和相关的安装硬件可以承受能够导致损坏的冲击负载的冲击。结果，这些和其他类似受影响的元件，包括底盘架构和车身结构，必然设计成具有比如果颠簸减震器组件能够吸收更高能量水平时所需的更强的结构和更大的质量。
因此，期望提供一种用于管理车辆悬架系统中的冲击负载的颠簸减震器组件，其提供改进的能量吸收和减小的峰值应变以最小化对组件的损坏并允许使用更轻的车辆结构。
发明内容
在实施例中，减震器组件包括具有上安装支架和上弹簧座的第一部分、具有下安装支架的第二部分、减震器管和下弹簧、以及螺旋弹簧，其中该螺旋弹簧围绕第一和第二部分周向设置，并与减震器管基本上共平行地对齐。支柱杆在第一端处刚性地连接到上安装支架，并且在第二端处可滑动地连接到减震器管。一种负载管理系统，包括固定到上安装支架的颠簸减震器、联接到减震器管的端部并具有开口的撞针盖，其中支柱杆穿过该开口，还包括颠簸减震器约束件，该颠簸减震器约束件附接到撞针盖并且包括环，该环轴向地远离撞针盖并朝向颠簸减震器延伸，以在其中限定颠簸减震器速率杯。在冲击事件期间，撞针盖和环轴向地和径向地接合颠簸减震器。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，在另一个示例性实施例中，撞针盖包括柔性材料，例如热塑性或热固性弹性体聚合物。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，在另一个示例性实施例中，撞针盖包括钢板。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，在另一个示例性实施例中，颠簸减震器包括柔性材料，例如聚氨酯泡沫或橡胶。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，在另一个示例性实施例中，颠簸减震器约束件的环在冲击事件期间限制颠簸减震器径向向外伸展。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，在另一个示例性实施例中，通过颠簸减震器约束件的环施加在颠簸减震器上的约束是通过施加与伸展方向相反的环向应力。
除了本文描述的一个或多个特征之外，在另一个示例性实施例中，车辆包括底盘、由底盘支撑并包括簧上车辆质量和悬架系统的车身，以及包括非簧上车辆质量的车轮。悬架系统在簧上和非簧上车辆质量之间提供减震和稳定的联接，并且包括具有上安装支架和上弹簧座的第一部分以及具有下安装支架的第二部分、减震器管和下弹簧。螺旋弹簧围绕第一和第二部分周向设置，并与减震器管基本上共平行地对齐。支柱杆在第一端处刚性地联接到上安装支架并且在第二端处可滑动地联接到减震器管。一种负载管理系统，包括固定到上安装支架的颠簸减震器、联接到减震器管的端部并具有开口的撞针盖，其中支柱杆穿过该开口，还包括颠簸减震器约束件，该颠簸减震器约束件附接到撞针盖并且包括环，该环轴向地远离撞针盖并朝向颠簸减震器延伸，以在其中限定颠簸减震器速率杯。在冲击事件期间，撞针盖和环轴向地和径向地接合颠簸减震器。
结合附图，根据以下详细描述，实施例的上述特征和优点以及其他特征和优点将变得显而易见。
附图说明
其他特征、优点和细节仅作为示例出现在以下实施例的详细描述中，参考附图的详细描述，其中：
图1是具有体现本公开的特征的悬架系统的车辆的示意图。
图2示出了体现本公开的特征用于图1的车辆的悬架支柱组件；
图3是图2中悬架柱组件沿轴线A的横截面图；
图4是图3中上支柱组件的放大部分；
图5是图3中上柱组件在极端颠簸的早期条件下的放大部分；
图6是图3中上柱组件在极端颠簸的条件下的放大部分；和
图7是示出具有和不具有本公开的特征的支柱组件的能量吸收的曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅是示例性的，并不旨在限制本公开、其应用或用途。应该理解的是，在所有附图中，相应的附图标记表示相同或相应的部件和特征。
本文描述的各种实施例提供了一种冲击负载管理系统，其具有用于管理车辆悬架中的冲击负载(“颠簸”)的颠簸减震器组件。颠簸减震器组件适合于限制悬架构件之间的颠簸，例如车身或车架和一组车轮(即，簧上和非簧上车辆质量)。当集成在悬架支柱组件内时，颠簸减震器组件包括与颠簸减震器轴向对齐的撞针盖。撞针盖配置成联接到诸如减震器管或撞针盖支撑的圆柱形支架的上端并且与其重叠，并且该撞针盖包括在冲击负载下压缩时轴向和径向约束颠簸减震器的特征。在冲击事件期间，撞针盖和颠簸减震器中的一个或两个可以可变形地接合，从而吸收由冲击负载产生的能量。
如图1所示，车辆10(例如汽车、卡车、农场设备等)包括底盘12、由底盘支撑的主体14、悬架系统16和车轮18。主体14和底盘12可以共同限定车辆结构，并且可以称为“簧上”重量或质量。每个车轮18通过悬架系统16可旋转地联接到底盘12。车轮18和悬架系统16可称为“非簧上”车辆重量或质量。悬架系统16在簧上和非簧上车辆质量之间提供减震和稳定的联接，并且该悬架系统可包括弹簧、线性致动器、控制臂或连杆、以及本文将描述的其他互连和支撑构件。悬架系统还包括至少一个减震器组件24，例如减震器或支柱插件等，用于提供簧上和非簧上车辆质量之间的运动减震。悬架系统16还包括图2和图3中的负载管理系统26，图2和图3包括集成的颠簸减震器28。负载管理系统26在由驱动表面上的过度缺陷(例如坑洼)引起的悬架冲击事件期间以空间有效的方式吸收能量。
图2示出了根据示例性实施例的减震器组件24，其适于容纳包括颠簸减震器28的负载管理系统26。减震器组件24连接在图1中悬架系统16的任何两个合适的部件之间，减弱它们之间的相对运动。减震器组件24包括第一部分30，第一部分30包括上安装支架32、上弹簧座34和可选的防尘罩36。另外，第二部分38包括下安装支架40、减震器管42和下弹簧座44。第一和第二部分30、38分别使用上安装支架32和下安装支架40分别基本上刚性地连接到合适的悬架系统构件(未示出)，例如簧上和非簧上车辆质量。减震器组件24还包括螺旋弹簧46，在一个实施例中，螺旋弹簧46可以分别围绕第一和第二部分30、38周向地设置，并且与减震器管42基本上共平行地对齐。螺旋弹簧46在上弹簧座34和下弹簧座44之间限定并由其保持就位。当车辆10运动时，第一和第二部分30、38分别沿着减震器组件24的轴线“A”相对于彼此伸展和收缩。螺旋弹簧46提供弹性力，该弹性力趋于在减震器42减震相对运动时，恢复簧上和非簧上质量之间的平衡/相对高度。
参照图3和图4，继续参考图1和图2，减震器组件24包括轴向定向(平行于轴线“A”)的支柱杆或活塞杆52，其在第一端54处刚性联接到上安装支架32，并在第二端56处可滑动地联接到减震器管42。支柱杆52穿过减震器管42的基本上封闭的端部60中的开口58，以已知的方式连接到位于其内部的活塞62。
减震器组件24包括负载管理系统26，其在冲击事件期间吸收能量并限制悬架系统16的过度压缩(“颠簸”)。负载管理系统26可包括颠簸减震器28，将颠簸减震器固定到上安装支架32的上支架66，和撞针盖68。颠簸减震器28可包括任何合适的柔性材料，例如聚氨酯泡沫或橡胶。颠簸减震器28附接到上支架66并且外切围绕支柱杆或活塞杆52并且与其一起轴向移动。撞针盖68可以包括任何合适的材料，例如热塑性或热固性弹性体聚合物。在另一个实施例中，撞针盖68包括钢板。撞针盖68一致地联接到减震器管42的封闭端60，与其一致地轴向移动，并且具有开口72，开口72与减震器管42的封闭端60中的开口58轴向对齐，从而外切支柱杆52。附接到撞针盖68的是颠簸减震器约束件80，其包括环82，环82轴向地远离撞针盖68并朝向颠簸减震器28延伸，从而限定了颠簸减震器速率杯84。颠簸减震器约束件80可以通过压适配或其他合适的附接方法附接到撞针盖68。在极端颠簸事件期间，撞针盖68和环82配置成接合颠簸减震器28。在示例中，在操作期间，并且参考图4、5和6所示，活塞杆52以公知的方式摆动进出减震器管42，以减震主体14和车轮18之间的相对运动，如图1所示。螺旋弹簧46也与所描述的振动一起弹性地压缩和伸展。在不产生过度颠簸的正常驾驶条件下，颠簸减震器28的端部94和撞针盖68保持分开一段距离，该距离根据活塞杆52和减震器管42之间的相对运动而变化。然而，在以过度颠簸为特征的冲击事件期间，颠簸减震器28的端部94和撞针盖68将接触并可变形地接合，从而吸收至少一部分由冲击产生的能量，如图5和图6所示。当第二端94接触撞针盖68时，颠簸减震器28的变形最初至少主要在轴向方向上，如图5所示。随着颠簸减震器的压缩在增加的压缩力下继续，颠簸减震器28可以在径向朝向轴线“A”的方向上伸展，直到减震器填充颠簸减震器速率杯84并且接触颠簸减震器约束件的环82并受其约束。由于环82施加的径向和环向应力，压缩颠簸减震器28的径向向外伸展受到约束。
对于严重的冲击事件，其中达到颠簸减震器28的最大偏转，如图6所示，环82和上部支架66的刚性防止了进一步的径向运动，从而限制了颠簸减震器28所经受的弹性应变量并防止了对其的损坏。在该压缩水平下，压缩的颠簸减震器28可以在环82的上唇缘86上滚动，因此，由于杯壁80在压缩下弯曲而吸收额外的能量。
如图7所示，颠簸减震器约束件80的环82增加了负载管理系统26的能量吸收能力。在极端负载力(“N”)下，吸收的能量更高，从而导致传递到车辆部件的负载更低，同时还限制了对颠簸减震器28的应变损坏。
虽然已经参考示例性实施例描述了以上公开，但是本领域技术人员将理解，可以进行各种改变并且可以用等同物替换其元件而不脱离其范围。另外，在不脱离本发明的实质范围的情况下，可以进行许多修改以使特定情况或材料适应本发明的教导。因此，意图是本公开不限于所公开的特定实施例，而是将包括落入其范围内的所有实施例。

Claims (10)

1.一种减震器组件，包括：
第一部分，具有上安装支架和上弹簧座；
第二部分，具有下安装支架、减震器管和下弹簧；
螺旋弹簧，周向设置在所述第一和第二部分周围，并与所述减震器管基本上共平行地对齐；
支柱杆，在第一端处刚性联接到所述上安装支架，并在第二端处可滑动地联接到所述减震器管；和
负载管理系统，包括：
颠簸减震器，固定到所述上安装支架上；
撞针盖，与所述减震器管的端部一致地联接并具有开口，所述支柱杆穿过所述开口；和
颠簸减震器约束件，附接到所述撞针盖并且包括环，所述环轴向地远离所述撞针盖并朝向所述颠簸减震器延伸，以在其中限定颠簸减震器速率杯，其中所述撞针盖和所述环在冲击事件期间轴向地且径向地接合所述颠簸减震器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减震器组件，其中所述撞针盖包括柔性材料，例如热塑性或热固性弹性体聚合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的减震器组件，其中所述撞针盖包括钢板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的减震器组件，其中所述颠簸减震器包括柔性材料，例如聚氨酯泡沫或橡胶。
5.根据权利要求1所述的减震器组件，其中所述颠簸减震器约束件的所述环限制在冲击事件期间所述颠簸减震器径向向外伸展。
6.根据权利要求5所述的减震器组件，其中由所述颠簸减震器约束件的所述环施加在所述颠簸减震器上的所述约束是通过施加与所述伸展方向相反的环向应力。
7.一种车辆，包括：
底盘；
车身，由所述底盘支撑并包括簧上车辆质量；和
悬架系统和包括非簧上车辆质量的车轮，其中所述悬架系统在所述簧上和非簧上车辆质量之间提供减震和稳定的联接，所述悬架系统包括：
第一部分，具有上安装支架和上弹簧座；
第二部分，具有下安装支架、减震器管和下弹簧；
螺旋弹簧，周向设置在所述第一和第二部分周围，并与所述减震器管基本上共平行地对齐；
支柱杆，在第一端处刚性联接到所述上安装支架，并在第二端处可滑动地联接到所述减震器管；和
负载管理系统，包括：
颠簸减震器，固定在所述上安装支架上；
撞针盖，与所述减震器管的端部一致地联接并具有开口，所述支柱杆穿过所述开口；和
颠簸减震器约束件，附接到所述撞针盖并且包括环，所述环轴向地远离所述撞针盖并朝向所述颠簸减震器延伸，以在其中限定颠簸减震器速率杯，其中所述撞针盖和所述环在冲击事件期间轴向地且径向地接合所述颠簸减震器。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车辆，其中所述颠簸减震器包括柔性材料，例如聚氨酯泡沫或橡胶。
9.根据权利要求7所述的车辆，其中所述颠簸减震器约束件的所述环限制在冲击事件期间所述颠簸减震器径向向外伸展。
10.根据权利要求9所述的车辆，其中由所述颠簸减震器约束件的所述环施加在所述颠簸减震器上的所述约束是通过施加与所述伸展方向相反的环向应力。
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