CN110180262A - 一种纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种高温除尘领域用纯金属纤维过滤材料,该过滤材料由机织物、针织物及无纺毡五层复合而成,自上而下的构成分别是纯金属纤维毡迎尘层、第一附着层、基布层、第二附着层、底层;所述迎尘层表面喷涂有耐腐蚀涂层,复合过滤材料各层之间通过针刺连接或烧结连接。本发明制备的纯金属纤维复合过滤材料耐高温性能好,能在500℃以上高温下长期使用,多层复合结构具有呈阶梯式变化的孔隙尺寸,过滤效果良好;产品迎尘层经多层防酸抗腐蚀涂层处理,进一步提高了滤材的耐久用性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环境治理材料制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种耐高温纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
纯金属纤维是一类具有广泛发展前景的金属材料,不仅具有金属材料本身所固有的金属特性,而且在纤维成型过程中使其内部结构、物理化学性能以及表面性能发生了显著变化。纯金属纤维织物是由纯金属纤维经由机织、针织或铺网成毡方式形成的具有一定透气性及力学强度的纺织材料,其耐温最高可达1000℃,因而纯金属纤维织物在高温除尘环保过滤领域应用有较强的优势。传统的高温除尘行业或领域,过滤材料一般选用陶瓷材料、玻璃纤维毡或有机耐高温纤维毡。陶瓷纤维或玻璃纤维均属无机材料,纤维脆性大、耐磨耐折性能差,对一些化学物质的耐腐蚀性能也较差;有机耐高温纤维(如PPS、P84、PTFE、PSA纤维等)滤料长期使用有效温度为250℃以下,否则易造成“烧袋”或“糊袋”,因此在高温过滤工程上一般是首先使烟气通过降温措施降到280℃以下再进行布袋除尘,余热得不到利用。而采用金属纤维织物可用于高温时直接过滤,不需要采用复杂的降温过程,余热可回收利用,环保节能,且金属纤维材料具有良好的导热性、可再生性、易于加工性、焊接性、抗热震性,使用寿命长,并且适于连续反向脉冲清洁,使得金属过滤材料在高温除尘滤材应用上比玻璃纤维及陶瓷材料等无机非金属材料具有更好的适应性。
目前市场上金属纤维类耐高温过滤材料多完全采用金属纤维烧结毡,相比较金属粉末过滤材料,它具有孔隙度高,透气度好,压差小,容污量大等优势。现有金属纤维毡过滤材料为了实现梯度过滤采用了不同直径纤维逐层均匀铺制的方式成网;另外,为了提高过滤精度,一般采用较细的金属纤维,这样制备的金属纤维毡存在着力学性能相对较弱的缺陷,影响烧结毡的使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是一种纯金属纤维机织物、针织物、毡布多层复合的耐超高温梯度过滤材料及其制备方法。
一种用于高温烟气除尘纯金属纤维过滤织物复合材料由五层组成,中间层为基布层,基布层的上层贴合有迎尘层与附着层,基布层的下层贴合有附着层及底层;
所述迎尘层为细金属纤维经牵切、开松、梳理、铺网、压延、烧结形成100-300g/m2纤维毡层,所述的细金属纤维优选为不锈钢纤维、铁铬铝纤维、铁铝纤维一种或其中的几种组合;所述细金属纤维直径为4-10μm;
所述迎尘层经抗腐蚀复合涂层处理,其具体步骤包括:
(1)清洗:将烧结后的金属毡迎尘层浸入丙酮溶液进行超声清洗15至30分钟,然后用去离子水及无水乙醇清洗、烘干,清洗的目的在于除去金属纤维表面的油剂及污垢;
(2)二元体系溶胶制备:取体积分数为2-4%的锆金属醇盐前驱体,体积分数为1-2%的铝金属醇盐前驱体,先后溶解于16-32%的无水乙醇中,在不同的温度下搅拌0.5-2小时;后再加入体积分数为0.5-1.5%的络合物,继续搅拌,搅拌时间优选为1h,获得澄清透明溶胶;所述络合物优选为柠檬酸铵、马来酸、草酸等络合剂;所述的锆金属醇盐前驱体为氧氯化锆;所述的铝金属醇盐前驱体为硝酸铝;
(3)三元体系溶胶制备:取体积分数为4%的硅金属醇盐前驱体,体积分数1-2%为锆金属醇盐前驱体,体积分数为1-2%的酞金属醇盐前驱体,先后溶解于20-40%的无水乙醇中,在不同的温度下搅拌0.5-2小时;后再加入体积分数为0.5-1.5%的络合物,继续搅拌,搅拌时间优选为1h,获得浅黄色透明溶胶;所述络合物优选为柠檬酸铵、马来酸、草酸等络合剂;所述的钛金属醇盐前驱体可以是钛酸正丁酯;所述的硅金属醇盐前驱体可以是正硅酸乙酯或甲基三乙氧基硅烷;所述的锆金属醇盐前驱体是氧氯化锆;
(4)耐腐蚀底层制备:通过旋涂法、浸渍法或喷涂法在迎尘层上得到均匀二元体系溶胶涂层,经晾干热处理后得到耐腐蚀抗氧化底层涂层;涂层结束后,将试样置于马弗炉中,在不同温度下进行热处理;取出样品,自然冷却即得抗氧化耐腐蚀底层涂层;所述的抗氧化耐腐蚀底层涂层深入到迎尘层孔隙中;
(5)耐腐蚀面层制备:
通过旋涂法、浸渍法或喷涂法在迎尘层上得到均匀三元体系溶胶涂层,经晾干热处理后得到耐腐蚀抗氧化面层涂层;涂层结束后,将试样置于马弗炉中,在不同温度下进行热处理;取出样品,自然冷却即得抗氧化耐腐蚀面层。所述的抗氧化耐腐蚀面层深入到迎尘层孔隙中。
所述基布层3为纯金属纤维机织物,所述的机织物由20-400tex粗细金属纱线经平纹或斜纹交织而成,经纬纱密度为:经密100-300根/10cm,纬密100-300根/10cm;所述的金属纱线由2根及2根以上的单股金属纱合并而成;所述单股金属纱经不锈钢纤维、铁铬铝纤维、铁铝纤维的一种或多种金属纤维混合物通过纺纱而形成;所述金属纤维直径为30-60μm;
所述的底层为纯金属纤维经开松、梳理、铺网、烧结形成100-600g/m2纤维毡层,所述的纯金属纤维优选为不锈钢纤维、铁铬铝纤维、铁铝纤维一种或其中的几种组合;所述纯金属纤维直径为30-60μm。
所述的第一附着层和第二附着层由20-400tex粗细金属短纤纱或金属线经针织而形成,所述针织过程为经编或纬编工艺,所述的金属短纤纱由不锈钢短纤维、铁铬铝短纤维、铁铝短纤维的一种或多种金属短纤维混合物通过纺纱而形成;优选的,金属短纤维的长度为25-50mm;所述金属线由2股或2股以上单股金属纱经金属纤维长丝并丝而成;所述的单股金属纱由3根及以上金属纤维长丝经并丝管绞加捻而成;所述第一附着层金属纤维直径为10-20μm,所述第二附着层金属纤维直径为30-40μm;
本发明的纯金属纤维过滤织物复合材料各层之间通过针刺粘接。具体来说,针刺连接:先用针刺机穿引金属纱线连接迎尘层与第一附着层、第二附着层与底层,形成基布层的上、下复合层,然后在基布层两侧通过针刺机穿引金属纱线将基布层与上复合层、下复合层进行连接。
本发明的技术优点在于:
(1)本发明采用纯金属纤维制成的过滤材料,耐温性能好,可达1000℃;
(2)本发明的迎尘层采用了多层耐高温抗腐蚀复合涂层处理,进一步提高了过滤材料的耐用耐久性;
(3)本发明产品的多层孔隙结构成喇叭梯度变化,摩擦小,过滤能力强,实现较好的清灰效果;采用的针织过滤结构,其通道迂回曲折,能阻挡更小的颗粒,提高了过滤效率;
(4)本发明产品容污量大,过滤精度高,压力上升慢,更换周期长;可折成波纹状制作成波纹筒式过滤体,能增加过滤面积,可烧结或焊接加工;能够清洗再生,可重复多次使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明纯金属纤维织物的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,但不构成对本发明保护范围的限制。
实施例1
参见图1,本发明提供了一种耐高温纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料,从外向内依次包括抗腐蚀涂层处理的迎尘层1、纯金属纤维针织物构成的第一附着层2、基布层3、纯金属纤维针织物构成的第二附着层4以及底层5。
基布层3为机织布,该机织布采用纯不锈钢纤维系纱线经平纹或斜纹交织而成,不锈钢纤维的直径为40-60μm,优选直径为50μm,不锈钢纤维纱线的线密度为400-600tex,优选为500tex;不锈钢纤维纱线是由3根单股金属纱合股而成;
迎尘层1为纤维毡,纤维毡由细不锈钢纤维经牵切、开松、梳理、铺网、压延、烧结而形成,不锈钢纤维毡克重为100-300g/m2,不锈钢纤维直径为4-10μm,优选直径为8μm;迎尘层经过耐腐蚀抗氧化复合涂层处理,具体工艺如下:
(1)清洗:将烧结后的金属毡迎尘层1浸入丙酮溶液进行超声清洗15至30分钟,然后用去离子水及无水乙醇清洗、烘干,清洗的目的在于除去金属纤维表面的油剂及污垢。
(2)二元体系溶胶制备:取体积分数为3%的氧氯化锆,体积分数为2%的硝酸铝,先后溶解于30%的无水乙醇中,在不同的温度下搅拌1小时;后再加入体积分数为1%的柠檬酸铵络合物,继续搅拌1h,获得澄清透明溶胶;
(3)三元体系溶胶制备:取体积分数为2%的硅金属醇盐前驱体,优选为正硅酸乙酯,体积分数2%为锆金属醇盐前驱体,优选为氧氯化锆,体积分数为2%的钛金属醇盐前驱体,优选为钛酸正丁酯,先后溶解于40%的无水乙醇中,在不同的温度下搅拌2小时;后再加入体积分数为1.5%的柠檬酸铵络合物,继续搅拌1h,获得浅黄色透明溶胶;
(4)耐腐蚀底层制备:将二元体系溶胶陈化后,将清洗后迎尘层1浸入二元体系溶胶溶液40分钟,提拉速度为16cm/min,取出样品自然晾干;涂层结合后,将试样置于马弗炉中,在400℃和500℃温度下分别热处理20分钟和40分钟,随炉冷却后得到迎尘层1的耐腐蚀底层;
(5)耐腐蚀面层制备:将三元体系溶胶陈化后,将涂有耐腐蚀面层的迎尘层1浸入三元体系溶胶溶液30分钟,提拉速度为16cm/min,取出样品自然晾干;涂层结合后,将试样置于马弗炉中,在500℃和600℃温度下分别热处理30分钟和60分钟,随炉冷却后得到迎尘层1的耐腐蚀面层;
底层5为纤维毡,纤维毡由纯不锈钢纤维经开松、梳理、铺网、烧结形成300-600g/m2毡,优选值为400g/m2,纯不锈钢纤维直径为40-60μm,优选值为50μm;
第一附着层2和第二附着层4为针织物,针织物由不锈钢纱线经过纬编织造而形成,不锈钢纤维直径为10-40μm,其中第一附着层纤维直径优选为20μm,第二附着层直径优选为32μm。
实施例2
参见图1,本发明提供了一种耐高温纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料,从外向内依次包括抗腐蚀涂层处理的迎尘层1、纯金属纤维针织物构成的第一附着层2、基布层3、纯金属纤维针织物构成的第二附着层4以及底层5。
基布层3为机织布,该机织布采用铁铬铝纤维系纱线经平纹或斜纹交织而成,不锈钢纤维的直径为10-30μm,优选直径为24μm,铁铬铝纤维纱线的线密度为200-400tex,优选为300tex;不锈钢纤维纱线是由3根单股金属纱合股而成;
迎尘层1为纤维毡,纤维毡由细不锈钢纤维经牵切、开松、梳理、铺网、压延、烧结而形成,不锈钢纤维毡克重为100-300g/m2,不锈钢纤维直径为4-10μm,优选直径为8μm;迎尘层经过耐腐蚀抗氧化复合涂层处理,具体工艺如下:
(1)清洗:将烧结后的金属毡迎尘层1浸入丙酮溶液进行超声清洗15至30分钟,然后用去离子水及无水乙醇清洗、烘干,清洗的目的在于除去金属纤维表面的油剂及污垢。
(2)二元体系溶胶制备:取体积分数为3%的氧氯化锆,体积分数为2%的硝酸铝,先后溶解于30%的无水乙醇中,在不同的温度下搅拌1小时;后再加入体积分数为1%的柠檬酸铵络合物,继续搅拌1h,获得澄清透明溶胶;
(3)三元体系溶胶制备:取体积分数为2%的硅金属醇盐前驱体优选为甲基三乙氧基硅烷,体积分数2%为锆金属醇盐前驱体,优选为氧氯化锆,体积分数为2%的酞金属醇盐前驱体,优选为钛酸正丁酯,先后溶解于40%的无水乙醇中,在不同的温度下搅拌2小时;后再加入体积分数为1.5%的柠檬酸铵络合物,继续搅拌1h,获得浅黄色透明溶胶;
(4)耐腐蚀底层制备:将二元体系溶胶陈化后,将清洗后迎尘层1浸入二元体系溶胶溶液60分钟,提拉速度为14cm/min,取出样品自然晾干;涂层结合后,将试样置于马弗炉中,在400℃和500℃温度下分别热处理20分钟和40分钟,随炉冷却后得到迎尘层1的耐腐蚀底层;
(5)耐腐蚀面层制备:将三元体系溶胶陈化后,将涂有耐腐蚀面层的迎尘层1浸入三元体系溶胶溶液60分钟,提拉速度为12cm/min,取出样品自然晾干;涂层结合后,将试样置于马弗炉中,在500℃和600℃温度下分别热处理30分钟和60分钟,随炉冷却后得到迎尘层1的耐腐蚀面层;
底层5为纤维毡,纤维毡由纯不锈钢纤维经开松、梳理、铺网、烧结形成300-600g/m2毡,优选值为500g/m2,纯不锈钢纤维直径为40-60μm,优选值为50μm;
第一附着层2和第二附着层4为针织物,针织物由铁铬铝纱线经过纬编织造而形成,铁铬铝纤维直径为10-30μm,其中第一附着层纤维直径优选为18μm,第二附着层直径优选为24μm。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料,其特征在于:从外向内依次包括迎尘层、第一附着层、基布层、第二附着层以及底层;其中,
所述迎尘层由细金属纤维经牵切、开松、梳理、铺网、压延、烧结形成100-300g/m2纤维毡层;所述细金属纤维直径为4-10μm;
所述基布层为纯金属纤维机织物,所述的机织物由20-400tex粗细金属纱线经平纹或斜纹交织而成;
所述的第一附着层和第二附着层由20-400tex粗细金属短纤纱或金属线经针织而成;
所述的底层为纯金属纤维经开松、梳理、铺网、烧结形成100-600g/m2纤维毡层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料,其特征在于:各层之间通过针刺粘接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料,其特征在于:所述的细金属纤维为不锈钢纤维、铁铬铝纤维、铁铝纤维一种或其中的几种组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料,其特征在于:所述迎尘层经抗腐蚀复合涂层处理,其包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗:将烧结后的金属毡迎尘层浸入丙酮溶液进行超声清洗15至30分钟,然后用去离子水及无水乙醇清洗、烘干;
(2)二元体系溶胶制备:取体积分数为2-4%的锆金属醇盐前驱体,体积分数为1-2%的铝金属醇盐前驱体,先后溶解于16-32%的无水乙醇中,在不同的温度下搅拌0.5-2小时;后再加入体积分数为0.5-1.5%的络合物,继续搅拌,获得澄清透明溶胶;
(3)三元体系溶胶制备:取体积分数为4%的硅金属醇盐前驱体,体积分数1-2%为锆金属醇盐前驱体,体积分数为1-2%的钛金属醇盐前驱体,先后溶解于20-40%的无水乙醇中,在不同的温度下搅拌0.5-2小时;后再加入体积分数为0.5-1.5%的络合物,继续搅拌,获得浅黄色透明溶胶;
(4)耐腐蚀底层制备:通过旋涂法、浸渍法或喷涂法在迎尘层上得到均匀二元体系溶胶涂层,经晾干热处理后得到耐腐蚀抗氧化底层涂层;涂层结束后,将试样置于马弗炉中,在不同温度下进行热处理;取出样品,自然冷却即得抗氧化耐腐蚀底层涂层;
(5)耐腐蚀面层制备:
通过旋涂法、浸渍法或喷涂法在迎尘层上得到均匀三元体系溶胶涂层,经晾干热处理后得到耐腐蚀抗氧化面层涂层;涂层结束后,将试样置于马弗炉中,在不同温度下进行热处理;取出样品,自然冷却即得抗氧化耐腐蚀面层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述络合物为柠檬酸铵、马来酸、草酸络合剂;所述的锆溶胶前驱体为氧氯化锆;所述的铝金属醇盐前驱体为硝酸铝。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料,其特征在于:步骤(3)所述络合物为柠檬酸铵、马来酸、草酸络合剂;所述的钛金属醇盐前驱体为钛酸正丁酯;所述的硅金属醇盐前驱体为正硅酸乙酯或甲基三乙氧基硅烷;所述的锆金属醇盐前驱体为氧氯化锆。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料,其特征在于:所述的细金属纤维为不锈钢纤维、铁铬铝纤维、铁铝纤维一种或其中的几种组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料,其特征在于:所述底层的纯金属纤维为不锈钢纤维、铁铬铝纤维、铁铝纤维一种或其中的几种组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料,其特征在于:金属纱线由2根及2根以上的单股金属纱合并而成;所述单股金属纱经不锈钢纤维、铁铬铝纤维、铁铝纤维的一种或多种金属纤维混合物通过纺纱而形成。
10.根据权利要求8所述的一种纯金属纤维织物过滤复合材料,其特征在于:纯金属纤维直径为30-60μm。
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