CN110160904B - Combined type friction and wear testing machine based on flexible hinge - Google Patents
Combined type friction and wear testing machine based on flexible hinge Download PDFInfo
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- CN110160904B CN110160904B CN201910547107.0A CN201910547107A CN110160904B CN 110160904 B CN110160904 B CN 110160904B CN 201910547107 A CN201910547107 A CN 201910547107A CN 110160904 B CN110160904 B CN 110160904B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0033—Weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0037—Generation of the force using mechanical means involving a rotating movement, e.g. gearing, cam, eccentric, or centrifuge effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite friction and wear testing machine based on a flexible hinge, which comprises a first motor, a second motor, a third motor, a cylindrical cam, a first gear, a second gear, a lower test piece shaft, a stud, weights, a loading screw, a pin shaft, a flexible hinge, an upper test piece, a first sliding gear, an intermediate shaft and a second sliding gear, wherein the first motor drives the cylindrical cam to drive the lower test piece shaft to do linear motion, the upper test piece is loaded through the stud and the weights, the flexible hinge and a strain gauge are adopted to convert deformation into an electric signal to measure friction force, the sliding gear set is used for realizing switching of a rotating friction mode, the lower test piece shaft is fixed with the end surface shaft through the pin shaft, the loading positive pressure is transmitted by the screw to act on the end surface friction, and the pressure sensor is arranged to measure the loading force and the friction force of the end surface. The invention has the advantages of realizing the switching of three friction modes of rotation, reciprocation and end face, along with simple structure, low cost and strong practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a friction testing machine, in particular to a composite friction and wear testing machine based on a flexible hinge.
Background
Friction and wear exist in most mechanical equipment, and due to improper lubrication mode or incomplete research on tribology mechanism, a large amount of resources are wasted, meanwhile, production efficiency is greatly reduced, in order to research performance of friction materials, influence of environment on friction and wear, friction mechanisms of different friction pairs and the like, a testing machine is an essential equipment, and the testing machine on the market is high in price, huge in size and single in function, so that the prior art needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems with the above-described testing machines, it is necessary to provide a flexible hinge-based composite friction and wear testing machine that works on the following principles: the gear motor drives the cylindrical cam to drive, so that the lower test piece shaft and the upper test piece do reciprocating friction motion of the semi-cylindrical pair, the upper test piece and the flexible hinge are connected by the double-end stud, the upper test piece is loaded by the loading weight, and the flexible hinge deformation is converted into an electric signal through the strain gauge to measure the reciprocating friction force. The switching of the rotary friction mode is realized by means of a detachable cylindrical cam transmission and a sliding gear set, and the loading mode is the same as that of the reciprocating mode. The end face friction shaft is simultaneously arranged to conduct end face friction with the lower test piece shaft, the end face friction mode adopts screw transmission to load, and two pressure sensors are arranged to measure loading force and friction moment of the end face friction.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A compound frictional wear testing machine based on flexible hinge, its characterized in that: the device comprises a reciprocating friction assembly, a rotary friction assembly and an end face friction assembly;
The reciprocating friction assembly comprises a first motor, a cylindrical cam, a follow-up roller, a slide bar, a disc, a lower test piece shaft, a support, a flexible hinge, a first mandrel, an upper test piece, a workbench, a second mandrel, a loading weight and a spring, wherein the cylindrical cam is connected with the motor main shaft of the first motor in a flat key manner, the cylindrical cam is in transmission connection with the follow-up roller through a groove type geometric profile, the center of the disc is provided with a through hole and is in interference fit connection with the lower test piece shaft, the upper test piece is supported above the lower test piece shaft, the upper test piece is mutually attached to the lower test piece shaft through a semi-cylindrical surface, the upper end of the upper test piece is in spiral connection with one end of a double-end stud, the other end of the double-end stud is in spiral connection with an internal threaded hole I of the flexible hinge, the loading weight is arranged above the flexible hinge, two ends of the flexible hinge are supported in through holes of two side sliding blocks through the first mandrel and the second mandrel, the support is vertically provided with a guide rail track, the sliding block is in movable pair of the sliding block is connected with the guide rail track, the lower part is provided with a spring end, one end of the spring end is arranged in the spring end of the sliding block, and one end of the spring end is arranged on the lower limiting sleeve;
The rotary friction assembly comprises a first gear, a second gear, a first sliding gear, an intermediate shaft and a second sliding gear, wherein the first gear is connected to the outer shaft end of the cylindrical cam in a parallel key manner, the second gear is connected to the right shaft end of the lower test piece shaft in a parallel key manner, a sliding key groove with a certain length is formed in the intermediate shaft, the first sliding gear is in interference fit with the sliding key II, the second sliding gear is in interference fit with the sliding key I, the sliding key I and the sliding key II are connected with a sliding key groove moving pair, a positioning parallel key is arranged between the sliding key I and the sliding key II, two ends of the positioning parallel key can be respectively attached to one end surfaces of the sliding key I and the sliding key II, the first sliding gear slides to the rightmost end of the key groove and can be in meshed transmission with the first gear, and the second sliding gear slides to the leftmost end of the key groove and can be in meshed transmission with the second gear;
The end face friction assembly comprises a pin shaft, a second motor, a third motor and a push rod, wherein a motor shaft flat key of the second motor is connected with a rotating shaft, a fourth gear is connected to the rotating shaft in an interference manner, the fourth gear is in meshed transmission with a third gear arranged on the end face friction shaft, the third motor is connected with a loading screw rod through a coupler, an internal threaded hole II is formed in the middle of the push rod, sliding grooves II are formed in the bottoms of the two sides of the push rod, the push rod and the loading screw rod 44 form spiral transmission through the internal threaded hole II, the push rod is connected with a limiting guide rail moving pair through two side sliding grooves II, the limiting guide rail moving pair is connected with a sliding seat, the sliding seat is provided with a through hole, and the pin shaft respectively penetrates through the through hole on a lower test piece shaft and the through hole of the two side sliding seat;
the follow-up roller is rigidly connected with the slide bar, the slide bar is rigidly connected with the square nut, the upper end and the lower end of the screw rod are fixedly arranged in the disc, the screw rod can only rotate by a fixed shaft, the square nut and the locking nut are sequentially and spirally connected with the overhanging part of the screw rod from inside to outside, and the follow-up roller, the slide bar, the square nut and the locking nut are vertically symmetrically arranged;
The two ends of the lower test piece shaft are supported on a linear bearing seat through linear bearings, the two ends of the intermediate shaft are supported on a rolling bearing seat I through rolling bearings, the two ends of the end face friction shaft are supported on a rolling bearing seat II through rolling bearings, the loading screw rod is supported on a screw rod seat to do fixed shaft rotation, and the linear bearing seat is fixed on a workbench; the rolling bearing is fixed on the workbench through a rolling bearing seat I and a rolling bearing seat II; the first motor is fixed on the workbench through a first motor seat, the second motor is fixed on the workbench through a second motor seat, and the third motor is fixed on the workbench through a third motor seat; the support, the loading screw rod seat and the limiting guide rail are all fixed on the workbench through bolts, and four corners of the workbench are connected with supporting legs through bolts;
The flexible hinge is composed of two end rigid plates, a middle rigid plate and flexible plates connected with the two rigid plates, wherein the two end rigid plates are provided with horizontal through holes which are rotationally connected with a first mandrel and a second mandrel, the thickness of the flexible plates is far smaller than that of the two end rigid plates, the flexible plates are elastically deformed by horizontal force, the center of each flexible hinge is provided with an internal threaded hole I in the vertical direction and is in threaded connection with a double-end stud, and strain gauges are adhered to the two sides of each flexible plate.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a temperature sensor is arranged at the outer side of a friction part of the upper test piece and the lower test piece shaft, a speed sensor is arranged at the joint of the lower test piece shaft and the disc, and the temperature sensor and the speed sensor are both fixed on a workbench;
The sliding seat consists of an upper end cover and a lower seat body, the upper and lower parts are connected through screws, a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are installed in the lower seat body through stepped holes, extension lines of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are intersected with the axis of a wiring hole, a sliding groove I is formed in the bottom of the sliding seat and is connected with a limiting guide rail moving pair, the first pressure sensor is installed in a groove in the vertical direction, a pin shaft is pressed on the first sensor and used for measuring the pressure transmitted by the pin shaft, and the second pressure sensor is installed in a groove in the horizontal direction and is installed on the central line of a push rod and used for measuring the pressure of the push rod;
The end face friction shaft and the lower test piece shaft are coaxially arranged.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. The three friction modes of rotation, reciprocation and end face can be switched, and the switching mode is simple, low in cost and high in practicability.
2. The method for indirectly measuring the friction force by adopting the deflection deformation of the bilateral flexible hinge can timely check whether the loading force deviates from the center line or not through the signal difference of the strain gauges at the two sides, thereby improving the stability of output data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an axial schematic view of the overall structure of the testing machine of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the overall structure of the testing machine of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the overall structure of the testing machine of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing another view of the whole structure of the testing machine of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an end face friction loading system of the testing machine of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the cylindrical cam and the disc according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a slip gearset transmission according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a flexible hinge support structure of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a flexible hinge of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a portion of a sliding seat of the present invention in cross-section;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the axial structure of the sliding seat of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of a push rod according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a first motor; 2. a cylindrical cam; 3. a follower roller; 4. a first gear; 5. a slide bar; 6. a second gear; 7. a disc; 8. a lower test piece shaft; 9. a linear bearing seat; 10. a rolling bearing seat I; 11. a first slipping gear; 12. an intermediate shaft; 13. a second slipping gear; 14. a bracket; 15. a sliding block; 16. a flexible hinge; 17. a first mandrel; 18. a strain gage; 19. a test piece is arranged; 20. a first motor base; 21. a work table; 22. a support leg; 23. leg nuts; 24. a second mandrel; 25. a double-ended stud; 26. loading weights; 27. loading a screw rod seat; 28. a pin shaft; 29. a temperature sensor; 30. a speed sensor; 31. a square nut; 32. a screw rod; 33. a lock nut; 34. a guide rail; 35. an end face friction shaft; 36. a third gear; 37. a rolling bearing seat II; 38. the second motor base; 39. a second motor; 40. a fourth gear; 41. a rotation shaft; 42. a third motor; 43. a coupling; 44. loading a screw rod; 45. a sliding seat; 46. a push rod; 47. the third motor base; 48. a sliding key I; 49. a sliding key II; 50. positioning a flat key; 51. a spring; 201. an overhanging shaft section of the cylindrical cam; 1401. a guide rail track; 1402. a spring hole; 1501. limiting the short shaft; 1502. a sliding block through hole; 1601. two end rigid plates; 1602. a flexible board; 1603. a middle rigid plate; 1604. a through hole; 1605. an internal threaded hole I; 4501. an upper end cover of the sliding seat; 4502. a lower seat body of the sliding seat; 4503. a first pressure sensor; 4504. a second pressure sensor; 4505. a wiring hole; 4506. a screw; 4507. a sliding groove I; 4601. a threaded hole II; 4602. and a sliding groove II.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the principles of the invention.
A compound frictional wear testing machine based on flexible hinge, its characterized in that: the device comprises a reciprocating friction assembly, a rotary friction assembly and an end face friction assembly;
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9, the reciprocating friction assembly comprises a first motor 1, a cylindrical cam 2, a follow-up roller 3, a slide bar 5, a disc 7, a lower test piece shaft 8, a bracket 14, a flexible hinge 16, a first mandrel 17, an upper test piece 19, a workbench 21, a second mandrel 24, a loading weight 26 and a spring 51, wherein the cylindrical cam 2 is connected with the motor spindle of the first motor 1 in a flat key manner, the cylindrical cam 2 is in transmission connection with the follow-up roller 3 through a groove type geometric profile, the center of the disc 7 is provided with a through hole and is in interference fit connection with the lower test piece shaft 8, the upper test piece 19 is supported above the lower test piece shaft 8, and the upper test piece 19 is mutually attached with the lower test piece shaft 8 through a semi-cylindrical surface, the upper end of the upper test piece 19 is in spiral connection with one end of a stud 25, the other end of the stud 25 is in spiral connection with an internal threaded hole I1605 of the flexible hinge 16, a loading weight 26 is arranged above the flexible hinge 16, the loading weight 26 is pressed on the upper surface of the flexible hinge 16, two ends of the flexible hinge 16 are supported in through holes 1502 of sliding blocks 15 on two sides through a first mandrel 17 and a second mandrel 24, a guide rail track 1401 is arranged in the vertical direction of the support 14, the sliding blocks 15 are connected with a guide rail track 1401 in a moving pair, a spring hole 1402 is arranged at the lower part of the support 14, one end of a spring 51 is arranged in the spring hole 1402, and one end of the spring 51 is sleeved on a limiting short shaft 1501 at the lower part of the sliding blocks 15. The upper test piece 19 and the lower test piece shaft 8 form a friction pair, and the spring 51 provides the flexible hinge with a degree of freedom in the vertical direction, so that the loading force of the weight 26 is transmitted to the upper test piece 19 through a stud connected with the flexible hinge.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 4 and fig. 7, the rotary friction assembly comprises a first gear 4, a second gear 6, a first sliding gear 11, an intermediate shaft 12 and a second sliding gear 13, wherein the first gear 4 is connected to an overhanging shaft end 201 of the cylindrical cam 2 in a flat key manner, the second gear 6 is connected to a right shaft end of a lower test piece shaft in a flat key manner, a sliding key groove with a certain length is formed in the intermediate shaft 12, the first sliding gear 11 is in interference fit with a sliding key II 49, the second sliding gear 13 is in interference fit with the sliding key I48, the sliding key I48 and the sliding key II 49 are connected with a sliding key groove moving pair, a positioning flat key 50 is arranged between the sliding key I48 and the sliding key II 49, two ends of the positioning flat key 50 can be respectively attached to one end surfaces of the sliding key I48 and the sliding key II, the first sliding gear 11 slides to the rightmost end of the key groove and can be just meshed with the first gear 4 for transmission, and the second sliding gear 13 slides to the leftmost end and just can be meshed with the second gear 6 for transmission. Through the meshing of the slipping gear sets, torque is transmitted through the intermediate shaft 12, and the positioning flat key 50 is used for fixing the slipping gear, so that the transmission is stable and reliable, and the slipping gear is convenient to disengage.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 10, fig. 11 and fig. 12, the end face friction assembly comprises a pin shaft 28, a second motor 39, a third motor 42 and a push rod 46, a motor shaft flat key of the second motor 39 is connected with a rotating shaft 41, a fourth gear 40 is connected to the rotating shaft 41 in an interference manner, the fourth gear 40 is in meshed transmission with a third gear 36 installed on the end face friction shaft 35, the third motor 42 is connected with a loading screw 44 through a coupler, an internal threaded hole II 4601 is formed in the middle of the push rod 46, sliding grooves II 4602 are formed in the bottoms of the two sides of the push rod 46, the push rod 46 and the loading screw 44 form spiral transmission through the internal threaded hole II 4601, the push rod 46 is connected with a moving pair of a limiting guide rail 34 through two side sliding grooves II 4602, the moving pair of the limiting guide rail 34 is connected with a sliding seat 45, the sliding seat 45 is provided with a through hole, and the pin shaft 28 respectively penetrates through the through hole on the lower test piece shaft 8 and the through hole of the two side sliding seat 45. The second motor 39 and the loading screw 44 provide loading force, the sliding seat 45 is pushed by the push rod 46, and the pin shaft 28 respectively passes through the through hole on the lower test piece shaft 8 and the through holes of the sliding seats 45 on two sides, so that the lower test piece shaft 8 is tightly pressed on the end face friction shaft 35, and the sliding seat third motor 42 provides rotating torque, so that the end face friction shaft 35 performs rotating motion, and further performs end face friction motion with the fixed lower test piece shaft 8.
The follow-up roller 3 is rigidly connected with the slide bar 5, the slide bar 5 is rigidly connected with the square nut 31, the upper end and the lower end of the screw rod 32 are fixedly arranged in the disc 7 and only can rotate by a fixed shaft, the square nut 31 and the locking nut 33 are sequentially and spirally connected with the overhanging part of the screw rod 32 from inside to outside, and the follow-up roller 3, the slide bar 5, the square nut 31 and the locking nut 33 are vertically symmetrically arranged. Through rigid connection transmission force, the cylindrical cam 2 transmits power to the disc 7, and the lower test piece shaft 8 of the disc 7 is in interference connection, so that the lower test piece shaft 8 performs reciprocating motion.
The two ends of the lower test piece shaft 8 are supported on a linear bearing seat 9 through linear bearings, the two ends of an intermediate shaft 12 are supported on a rolling bearing seat I10 through rolling bearings, the two ends of an end face friction shaft 35 are supported on a rolling bearing seat II 37 through rolling bearings, a loading screw 44 is supported on a screw seat 27 for fixed shaft rotation, and the linear bearing seat 9 is fixed on a workbench 21; the rolling bearing is fixed on the workbench 21 through a rolling bearing seat I10 and a rolling bearing seat II 37; the first motor 1 is fixed on the workbench 21 through a first motor seat 20, the second motor 39 is fixed on the workbench 21 through a second motor seat 38, and the third motor 42 is fixed on the workbench 21 through a third motor seat 47; the bracket 14, the loading screw seat 27 and the limit guide rail 34 are all fixed on the workbench 21 through bolts, and four corners of the workbench are connected with the support legs 22 through bolts 23.
The flexible hinge 16 is composed of two rigid plates 1601, a middle rigid plate 1603 and flexible plates 1602 connected with the two rigid plates, the two rigid plates 1601 are provided with horizontal through holes 1604 which are rotationally connected with the first mandrel 17 and the second mandrel 24, the thickness of the flexible plates 1602 is far smaller than that of the two rigid plates 1601, the flexible plates 1601 are elastically deformed by horizontal force, the center of the flexible hinge 16 is provided with an internal threaded hole I1605 in the vertical direction which is in screw connection with the double-end stud, and strain gauges 18 are adhered to the two sides of the flexible plates 1602. The flexible plate 1602 is subjected to deflection deformation by the reciprocating friction force, and the magnitude of the signal of the strain gauge 18 is attached to both sides of the flexible plate 1602, so that the magnitude of the friction force can be calibrated.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a temperature sensor 29 is arranged at the outer side of the friction part of the upper test piece 19 and the lower test piece shaft 8, a speed sensor 30 is arranged at the joint of the lower test piece shaft 8 and the disc 7, and the temperature sensor 29 and the speed sensor 30 are both fixed on the workbench 21.
The sliding seat 45 is composed of an upper end cover 4501 and a lower seat body 4502, an upper portion and a lower portion are connected through a screw 4506, a first pressure sensor 4503 and a second pressure sensor 4504 are installed inside the lower seat body 4502 through a stepped hole, extension lines of the first pressure sensor 4503 and the second pressure sensor 4504 intersect with an axis of a wiring hole 4505, a sliding groove I4507 is formed in the bottom of the sliding seat 45 and is connected with a moving pair of a limit guide rail 34, the first pressure sensor 4503 is installed in a groove in the vertical direction, a pin shaft 28 is pressed on the first pressure sensor 4503 and used for measuring pressure transmitted by the pin shaft, and the second pressure sensor 4504 is installed in a groove in the horizontal direction and is installed on a center line of a push rod 46 and used for measuring pressure of the push rod.
The end face friction shaft 35 is arranged coaxially with the lower test piece shaft 8.
When the friction type clutch is specifically used, for switching of three different friction modes, corresponding using methods for realizing the different friction modes are given below.
If a reciprocating friction test is to be performed, at the moment, a first sliding gear slides through a key slot on an intermediate shaft and is in withdrawal engagement with the first gear, a second sliding gear slides through a key slot on the intermediate shaft and is in withdrawal engagement with the second gear, a cylindrical cam is in transmission fit with a follow-up roller, a pin shaft is inserted, the rotation motion of a limiting shaft is started, a first motor drives the cylindrical cam and the follow-up roller to perform linear transmission, the follow-up roller is rigidly connected with a sliding rod, the sliding rod is rigidly connected with a square nut locked by a locking nut, acting force is transmitted to a screw rod connected with a screw nut pair, the screw rod is fixedly arranged in a disc, the disc is driven by the screw rod to be in interference connection with a lower test piece shaft, the lower test piece shaft performs reciprocating motion, the loading force of a loading weight is transmitted to an upper test piece through a sliding pair of guide rail tracks of a sliding block on two sides and a double-headed stud, the upper test piece and the lower test piece generate extrusion effect through the screw pair, and the reciprocating friction test of the cylindrical pair is realized under the reciprocating motion of the lower test piece shaft.
If a rotary friction test is to be performed, the first sliding gear is slid through the key slot on the shaft and meshed with the first gear, the second sliding gear is slid through the key slot on the shaft and meshed with the second gear, the rotary lock nut is withdrawn from a locking state and detached, the screw rod rotating with the fixed shaft is rotated, the square nut drives the follower roller to do linear motion, the follower roller and the cylindrical cam are withdrawn from the meshing state and detached, the pin shaft is pulled out of the through holes of the sliding seat and the lower test piece shaft, the first motor is started to pass through the transition transmission torque of the intermediate shaft, the lower test piece shaft is driven to do rotary motion, and the load loading mode is loaded in the same manner as the reciprocating mode, so that the test of cylindrical pair rotary friction is realized.
If an end face friction test is to be performed, the first sliding gear is slid through a key slot on the intermediate shaft and is meshed with the first gear in an exit mode, the second sliding gear is slid through a key slot on the intermediate shaft and is meshed with the second gear in an exit mode, the rotary lock nut is locked and detached, the screw rod rotating with the fixed shaft is rotated, the square nut drives the follower roller to do linear motion, the follower roller and the cylindrical cam are meshed and detached, the pin shaft is inserted into the through holes of the sliding seat and the lower test piece shaft, the first motor is closed, the third motor is started, the sliding seat is pushed by the screw rod and the push rod, pressure is transmitted to the lower test piece shaft through the second pressure sensor, the sliding seat and the pin shaft, the lower test piece shaft is enabled to be in contact with the end face friction shaft and generate positive pressure, the second motor is started, torque is transmitted through the meshing of the third gear and the fourth gear, the end face friction shaft is enabled to do rotary motion of the fixed shaft, and the end face friction test is performed on the end face of the lower test piece shaft.
When reciprocating, the reaction force of the friction force between the upper test piece and the lower test piece causes the flexible hinge flexible plate to deform, and the strain gauge attached to the deformation part is converted into an electric signal, so that the friction force can be calibrated and measured through the friction force. When the end face rubs, the second pressure sensor in the sliding seat can measure the magnitude of loading force, and when the sliding seat rotates, the end face friction moment is transmitted to the first pressure sensor through the pin shaft, and the magnitude of the end face friction moment can be approximately obtained by utilizing the lever theorem.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the embodiments of the embodiments may be suitably combined to form other embodiments that will be understood by those skilled in the art when the disclosure is provided as a whole.
Claims (2)
1. A compound frictional wear testing machine based on flexible hinge, its characterized in that: the device comprises a reciprocating friction assembly, a rotary friction assembly and an end face friction assembly;
The reciprocating friction assembly comprises a first motor (1), a cylindrical cam (2), a follow-up roller (3), a sliding rod (5), a disc (7), a lower test piece shaft (8), a bracket (14), a flexible hinge (16), a first mandrel (17), an upper test piece (19), a workbench (21), a second mandrel (24), a loading weight (26) and a spring (51), wherein the cylindrical cam (2) is connected with a motor spindle flat key of the first motor (1), the cylindrical cam (2) is in transmission connection with the follow-up roller (3) through a groove type geometric outline, the center of the disc (7) is provided with a through hole and is in interference fit connection with the lower test piece shaft (8), the upper test piece (19) is supported above the lower test piece shaft (8), the upper test piece (19) is mutually attached to the lower test piece shaft (8) through a semi-cylindrical surface, the upper end of the upper test piece (19) is in spiral connection with one end of a double-end stud (25), the other end of the double-end stud (25) is in spiral connection with an internal threaded hole I (1605) of the flexible hinge (16), the flexible weight (26) is arranged above the flexible hinge (16), the flexible weight (26) is pressed on the flexible surface, the two ends of the flexible hinge (16) are supported in through holes (1502) of sliding blocks (15) at two sides through a first mandrel (17) and a second mandrel (24), a guide rail track (1401) is arranged in the vertical direction of the support (14), the sliding blocks (15) are connected with a guide rail track (1401) moving pair, a spring hole (1402) is arranged at the lower part of the support (14), one end of a spring (51) is installed in the spring hole (1402), and the other end of the spring is sleeved on a limiting short shaft (1501) at the lower part of the sliding blocks (15);
The rotary friction assembly comprises a first gear (4), a second gear (6), a first sliding gear (11), an intermediate shaft (12) and a second sliding gear (13), wherein the first gear (4) is connected to an overhanging shaft end (201) of a cylindrical cam (2) through a flat key, the second gear (6) is connected to a right shaft end of a lower test piece shaft through a flat key, the intermediate shaft (12) is provided with a sliding key groove with a certain length, the first sliding gear (11) is in interference fit with a sliding key II (49), the second sliding gear (13) is in interference fit with a sliding key I (48), the sliding key I (48) and the sliding key II (49) are connected with a sliding key groove moving pair, a positioning flat key (50) is arranged between the sliding key I (48) and the sliding key II (49), two ends of the positioning flat key (50) can be respectively attached to one end surfaces of the sliding key I (48) and the sliding key II (49), the first sliding gear (11) slides to the rightmost end to be just meshed with the first gear (4), and the second sliding gear (13) can be just meshed with the leftmost sliding key groove (6);
The end face friction assembly comprises a pin shaft (28), a second motor (39), a third motor (42) and a push rod (46), wherein a motor shaft flat key of the second motor (39) is connected with a rotating shaft (41), a fourth gear (40) is connected to the rotating shaft (41) in an interference mode, the fourth gear (40) is in meshed transmission with a third gear (36) arranged on an end face friction shaft (35), the third motor (42) is connected with a loading screw rod (44) through a coupler, an internal threaded hole II (4601) is formed in the middle of the push rod (46), sliding grooves II (4602) are formed in the bottoms of the two sides of the push rod, the push rod (46) and the loading screw rod (44) form spiral transmission, the push rod (46) is connected with a limiting guide rail (34) through two-side sliding grooves II (4602), the limiting guide rail (34) is connected with a sliding seat (45), and the pin shaft (28) respectively penetrates through the through holes on a lower test piece shaft (8) and the through holes of the two-side sliding seat (45);
The follow-up roller (3) is rigidly connected with the slide bar (5), the slide bar (5) is rigidly connected with the square nut (31), the upper end and the lower end of the screw rod (32) are fixedly arranged in the disc (7) and only can rotate with a fixed shaft, the square nut (31) and the locking nut (33) are sequentially and spirally connected with the overhanging part of the screw rod (32) from inside to outside, and the follow-up roller (3), the slide bar (5), the square nut (31) and the locking nut (33) are symmetrically arranged in an up-down mode;
The two ends of the lower test piece shaft (8) are supported on a linear bearing seat (9) through linear bearings, the two ends of the intermediate shaft (12) are supported on a rolling bearing seat I (10) through rolling bearings, the two ends of the end face friction shaft (35) are supported on a rolling bearing seat II (37) through rolling bearings, the loading screw (44) is supported on a screw seat (27) to perform fixed shaft rotation, and the linear bearing seat (9) is fixed on a workbench (21); the rolling bearing is fixed on the workbench (21) through a rolling bearing seat I (10) and a rolling bearing seat II (37); the first motor (1) is fixed on the workbench (21) through a first motor seat (20), the second motor (39) is fixed on the workbench (21) through a second motor seat (38), and the third motor (42) is fixed on the workbench (21) through a third motor seat (47); the support (14), the loading screw rod seat (27) and the limiting guide rail (34) are all fixed on the workbench (21) through bolts, and four corners of the workbench are connected with the support legs (22) through bolts (23);
the flexible hinge (16) is composed of two end rigid plates (1601), a middle rigid plate (1603) and flexible plates (1602) connected with the two rigid plates, the two end rigid plates (1601) are provided with horizontal through holes (1604) which are rotationally connected with a first mandrel (17) and a second mandrel (24), the thickness of the flexible plates (1602) is far smaller than that of the two end rigid plates (1601), the flexible hinge is provided with elastic deformation capacity under the force of the horizontal direction, the center of the flexible hinge (16) is provided with an internal threaded hole I (1605) which is in spiral connection with a double-end stud in the vertical direction, and strain gauges (18) are adhered to two sides of the flexible plates (1602).
2. The composite friction and wear testing machine based on the flexible hinge according to claim 1, wherein a temperature sensor (29) is arranged on the outer side of a friction part of the upper test piece (19) and the lower test piece shaft (8), a speed sensor (30) is arranged at the joint of the lower test piece shaft (8) and the disc (7), and the temperature sensor (29) and the speed sensor (30) are both fixed on the workbench (21);
The sliding seat (45) consists of an upper end cover (4501) and a lower seat body (4502), an upper part and a lower part are connected through a screw (4506), a first pressure sensor (4503) and a second pressure sensor (4504) are arranged in the lower seat body (4502) through stepped holes, extension lines of the first pressure sensor (4503) and the second pressure sensor (4504) are intersected with the axis of a wiring hole (4505), a sliding groove I (4507) is formed in the bottom of the sliding seat (45) and is connected with a movable pair of a limit guide rail (34), the first pressure sensor (4503) is arranged in a groove in the vertical direction, a pin shaft (28) is pressed on the first sensor (4503) and used for measuring the pressure transmitted by the pin shaft, and the second pressure sensor (4504) is arranged in the groove in the horizontal direction and is arranged on the central line of a push rod (46) and used for measuring the pressure of the push rod;
the end face friction shaft (35) is arranged coaxially with the lower test piece shaft (8).
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