CN110150683B - Energy-saving environment-friendly peeling and color protecting device - Google Patents
Energy-saving environment-friendly peeling and color protecting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110150683B CN110150683B CN201910536275.XA CN201910536275A CN110150683B CN 110150683 B CN110150683 B CN 110150683B CN 201910536275 A CN201910536275 A CN 201910536275A CN 110150683 B CN110150683 B CN 110150683B
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- nitrogen
- color protection
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 179
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000834 fixative Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 210000003038 endothelium Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 91
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000003511 endothelial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000009226 Corylus americana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001543 Corylus americana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007466 Corylus avellana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/40—Colouring or decolouring of foods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/40—Colouring or decolouring of foods
- A23L5/41—Retaining or modifying natural colour by use of additives, e.g. optical brighteners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N5/00—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
- A23N5/002—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts for skinning nut kernels
Abstract
The invention provides an energy-saving and environment-friendly peeling and color protecting device, which belongs to an environment-friendly and energy-saving device, and comprises: the refrigerating unit, the high-pressure flushing peeling mechanism and the color protection subsystem; the refrigerating unit is used for refrigerating nitrogen to a set temperature; the freezing unit comprises a freezing container for containing nut kernels, wherein the freezing container comprises an air inlet and an air outlet; the low-temperature nitrogen obtained after the refrigeration of the refrigeration unit is introduced into the refrigeration container through the pipeline and the air inlet for carrying out refrigeration treatment on the nut kernels; the color protection subsystem is used for performing color protection treatment on the nut kernels from which the inner skin is removed. The usage amount of the nut kernel additive treated by the method is greatly reduced, the nut kernel is healthier, and the production process is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nut processing, in particular to an energy-saving and environment-friendly peeling and color-protecting device.
Background
In the existing nut processing methods of walnut, hazelnut, pine nut and the like, the inner skin of the nut is often removed, and then color protection treatment is carried out. In the existing endothelial removing process, an ice water soaking method is mostly adopted, and the color protection treatment needs to soak the nut kernels after the endothelial removal in a color protection solvent. The method has a plurality of defects, such as increased moisture of the soaked nuts, increased difficulty and cost of later drying treatment and reduced efficiency.
Meanwhile, the soaked nuts have low nutrition loss in different degrees, the using amount of the color fixative is excessive, the attaching amount of the color fixative on each nut is excessive, the taste is affected, and meanwhile, food additives are excessively deposited on the nut, so that the health is not benefited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy-saving and environment-friendly peeling and color-protecting device, which aims to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art. The usage amount of the nut kernel additive treated by the method is greatly reduced, the nut kernel is healthier, and the production process is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an energy-saving and environment-friendly peeling and color protecting device, which comprises: the refrigerating unit, the high-pressure flushing peeling mechanism and the color protection subsystem;
the refrigerating unit is used for refrigerating nitrogen to a set temperature (for example, -15-30 ℃);
the freezing unit comprises a freezing container for containing nut kernels, wherein the freezing container comprises an air inlet and an air outlet; the low-temperature nitrogen obtained after the refrigeration of the refrigeration unit is introduced into the refrigeration container through the pipeline and the air inlet for carrying out refrigeration treatment on the nut kernels;
the high-pressure flushing peeling mechanism comprises: a conveying cylinder, a conveying turning auger and a high-pressure water spray head; the conveying turning auger is arranged in the conveying cylinder, the outer diameter of conveying blades of the conveying turning auger is not more than two thirds of the inner diameter of the conveying cylinder, and the conveying turning auger is used for conveying nut kernel materials from the feeding hole to the discharging hole and turning the nut kernel materials at the same time; the high-pressure water spray heads are arranged along the conveying direction of the conveying turning auger, are respectively arranged on the inner side wall of the conveying cylinder and on the side and the upper side of the conveying turning auger on the cross section of the vertical conveying turning auger, and are connected with a high-pressure water source for removing the nut endothelium after freezing treatment by utilizing high-pressure water; the bottom of the conveying cylinder is provided with a water outlet for draining water and discharging endothelium;
the color protection subsystem is used for performing color protection treatment on the nut kernels from which the inner skin is removed.
Further, the protection subsystem includes: the device comprises a color protection cylinder, an atomization device, a first pump body, a second pump body and a first air storage tank;
the first air storage tank comprises an inlet and an outlet, the inlet of the first air storage tank is communicated with the air outlet of the freezing container through a first pipeline, and nitrogen exhausted from the freezing container is temporarily stored in the first air storage tank through the inlet;
the color protection cylinder is vertically arranged, and a cylindrical conveying channel is arranged in the color protection cylinder;
a conveying auger for conveying the nut kernels after the inner skin is removed is arranged in the conveying channel;
a plurality of air inlets are formed in the wall of the color protection cylinder;
one end of the first pump body is communicated with the first air storage tank through a pipeline, and the other end of the first pump body is communicated with the air inlet of the color protection cylinder through an air transmission pipeline and is used for pumping nitrogen in the first air storage tank into the color protection cylinder;
the temperature control unit is arranged on the gas transmission pipeline and is used for heating or refrigerating nitrogen flowing through the gas transmission pipeline, so that the temperature of the nitrogen pumped into the color protection barrel is controlled within the range of 0.1-10 ℃;
the spray opening of the atomization device is communicated with the gas transmission pipeline and is used for spraying the color fixative into the gas transmission pipeline after being atomized, and the atomized color fixative is input into the color fixative cylinder along with nitrogen through the gas inlet;
the conveying auger comprises a central shaft body, an air suction channel is arranged in the central shaft body in a hollow mode, an air suction hole is formed in the side wall of the central shaft body, an air outlet is formed in one end of the air suction channel, and the air outlet is connected with the second pump body through an air exhaust pipeline; the second pump body sequentially pumps out the gas in the color protection cylinder through the pumping hole, the pumping channel and the exhaust port, and is used for maintaining the pressure value in the conveying channel to be 0.01-0.05 MPa during working;
the plurality of air inlets are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the color protection cylinder; on the section vertical to the conveying channel, nitrogen carrying the color fixative molecules moves along the radial direction of the color protection barrel, and the color fixative molecules settle and adhere to the surfaces of nut kernels after touching the nut kernels.
Further, a discharge hole is arranged below the freezing container, and the discharge hole is arranged above the feeding hole of the conveying cylinder. The nut kernel material discharged from the freezing container can directly fall into the conveying cylinder. The discharge port and the feed port are preferably connected in a sealing way by adopting a pipe body.
Further, the feeding hole of the conveying cylinder is low, the discharging hole is high, and the conveying cylinder and the horizontal surface are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10-45 degrees. The water in the conveying cylinder flows downwards, so that the fallen endothelium is conveniently washed downwards, the endothelial nut removed from the discharge hole is cleaner, and impurities such as endothelium are fewer.
Further, carry and turn the auger including spiral coil sets up carry the blade, carry the blade to go up densely distributed and be used for being convenient for the water liquid and the endotheliosis that drops the hole of permeating water of passing through.
The quick freezing device has a compact structure, utilizes low-temperature nitrogen to continuously pass through the freezing container, thereby realizing quick freezing treatment of the nut, and compared with ice water soaking, the quick freezing device has the advantages that the freezing temperature of the freezing treatment is controllable, the fluctuation is small, and the influence of the whole freezing treatment process on the water content of the nut is small.
The application uses the atomized color fixative to carry out color fixative treatment on the nut kernels from which the inner skin is removed, the dosage of the color fixative is small, the natural taste of the nut kernels is kept to the greatest extent, and the natural ingredients of the nut kernels are prevented from being damaged by excessive additives. Compared with the traditional soaking color protection mode, the method has the advantages that the contact between the nut kernels and the water is greatly reduced, the nut kernels subjected to color protection do not need to be dried, or the drying time is greatly shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.
And nitrogen is used as a carrier, not only plays a role in conveying the color fixative, but also completely wraps the nut kernels in the color fixative treatment process, so that the nut kernels are prevented from being contacted with the outside air, and an aseptic color fixative environment is created while the nut kernels are prevented from being oxidized.
The cryogenic nitrogen is temporarily stored in a first tank (which is preferably provided with an insulation layer) through a first pipeline. The nitrogen temperature value in the first tank body is improved due to heat loss in the freezing treatment process, but the method is more suitable for low-temperature cooling of the nut kernels during the decoloring treatment, so that the secondary utilization of low-temperature nitrogen energy is realized.
The nitrogen is cooled or heated by the temperature control unit in the conveying process, and the temperature of the nitrogen is controlled to be not more than 5 ℃ (preferably 0.1-5 ℃), so that the process temperature of the color protection treatment is effectively controlled, and the freshness of the nut kernels after the endothelium is removed is maintained to the greatest extent.
Finally, the conveying channel is cylindrical, the air inlets are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the color protection barrel, nitrogen carries color protection agent molecules to move along the radial direction of the color protection barrel, so that an aggregation effect is formed, and the color protection agent molecules are more uniformly distributed in the radial direction of the color protection barrel. And the conveying channel is maintained in a negative pressure state of 0.01-0.05 MPa during operation, so that the activity degree of color fixative molecules is improved, the distribution of the color fixative molecules in the color protection barrel (in the conveying channel) is further uniform, and the nut kernels are more uniformly colored.
Further, a filtering device for filtering nitrogen is arranged on the first pipeline.
The temperature control unit may be in the prior art, for example, the temperature control unit includes a formulation module and a heating module.
Further, in the axial direction (in the conveying passage direction) of the color protection cylinder, a plurality of the air inlets are uniformly arranged.
Further, the conveying channel is provided with a feed inlet at the lower end of the color protection barrel, a discharge outlet is arranged at the upper end of the color protection barrel, and the nut kernels are pushed by the conveying auger to move from bottom to top.
The nut moves from bottom to top, the color fixative moves along the radial direction of the color protection cylinder under the bearing of nitrogen, the paths of the nut and the color protection agent are vertical, the color fixative continuously subsides under the action of self gravity, the attaching probability of the color fixative is greatly improved, and the efficiency of the color protection treatment process is improved.
Further, on a projection section including the central axis of the color protection barrel, the air inlet is arranged obliquely downwards, and nitrogen sprayed from the air inlet is sprayed obliquely downwards to nut kernels on the conveying auger.
Further, the conveying auger further comprises a spiral blade spirally wound around the central shaft body, and ventilation holes are densely distributed in the spiral blade. Wherein the ventilation holes are densely distributed, so that the atomized color fixative molecules can be conveniently contacted with nut kernels from the lower parts of the spiral blades through the ventilation holes, and the nut kernels are ensured to be sufficiently, thoroughly and uniformly color-protected.
Further, the color fixative is a mixed solution of edible citric acid and vitamin C. Wherein preferably, the mass percentage of the edible citric acid is 0.3%; the Vc is 0.5 percent by mass.
Further, the device also comprises a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is arranged at the air inlet and is used for detecting the temperature value of nitrogen blown into the color protection barrel.
Preferably, the temperature control system further comprises a controller (such as a CUP processor, a singlechip and the like), wherein the controller is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the temperature control unit, and can control the temperature control unit to work according to the temperature value fed back by the temperature sensor, so that a closed-loop feedback and control system is formed.
Further, the atomizing device is an ultrasonic atomizing device. The color-protecting agent comprises an elastic sheet for ultrasonic control, wherein the elastic sheet is arranged in a solution of the color-protecting agent.
Further, the device also comprises a recovery unit for recovering the color fixative and the nitrogen; the upper end of the air suction channel in the central shaft body is closed, and the lower end of the air suction channel is provided with the air exhaust port; the exhaust port is communicated with the second pump body and the recovery unit through pipelines in sequence.
Further, the recovery unit includes: the recovery container is filled with the recovery solution, the tail end of the pipeline led out from the second pump body stretches into the position below the liquid level of the recovery solution, the recovery container is provided with a nitrogen recovery port above the liquid level of the recovery solution, and nitrogen filtered by the recovery solution is discharged through the nitrogen recovery port.
Further, the recovery container is a color fixative container, and the recovery solution is a color fixative solution; the bottom of the color fixative container is communicated with the atomizing device and is used for conveying color fixative into the atomizing device; the top of protecting the colour agent container is provided with the nitrogen gas recovery mouth, and the nitrogen gas recovery mouth passes through second pipeline and second gas holder intercommunication, the second gas holder pass through the third pipeline with refrigerating unit's inlet end intercommunication. Thereby realizing the recycling of nitrogen.
Further, the system also comprises a nitrogen supplementing system for supplementing and conveying nitrogen to the refrigerating unit, wherein the nitrogen supplementing system comprises a third air storage tank, a supplementing pipeline and a control valve body; the third air storage tank is communicated with the air inlet end of the refrigeration unit through a supplementing pipeline, and the control valve body is arranged on the supplementing pipeline. Wherein the control valve is preferably a pilot control valve, and when the pressure value of the air inlet end of the refrigeration unit is lower than a set value (i.e. the pressure difference of the pilot end of the pilot control valve reaches a set threshold value), the control valve is opened to supplement nitrogen to the refrigeration unit.
The refrigeration unit can be in the prior art, and for example comprises a body, wherein a flow passage through which nitrogen passes is arranged in the body, and a refrigeration module is arranged in the flow passage. More preferably, the refrigeration unit comprises a control module, a temperature sensor and the like, so that the accurate control of the refrigeration temperature is realized.
Further, the temperature control unit comprises a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger comprises a low-temperature pipeline serving as a part of the middle of the gas transmission pipeline and a high-temperature pipeline serving as a part of the middle of the second pipeline, the low-temperature pipeline and the high-temperature pipeline are tightly wound and arranged with each other, and the heat exchange of two nitrogen flows through the low-temperature pipeline and the high-temperature pipeline is realized.
The nitrogen in the gas transmission pipeline is generally low in temperature and cannot meet the requirements of a color protection treatment process, the temperature of the nitrogen recovered from the recovery container is high, after heat exchange of the nitrogen and the nitrogen is performed by the heat exchanger, the temperature of the nitrogen is reduced, the nitrogen is more suitable for the requirements of the color protection process, the additional refrigeration or heating treatment of the temperature control unit is reduced, the temperature of the recovered nitrogen is reduced after the heat exchange treatment, and the refrigeration unit can be reduced to do work, so that the energy is recovered and utilized in the whole process of removing inner skin and protecting color, and the energy consumption is reduced to the greatest extent.
The nut kernel endothelial removal color protection device disclosed by the invention has a compact structure, utilizes the atomized color protection agent to carry out color protection treatment on the nut kernels from which the inner skin is removed, has small dosage of the color protection agent, maintains the natural taste of the nut kernels to the greatest extent, avoids the damage of excessive additives to natural components of the nut kernels, and is healthier and environment-friendly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings which are required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a nut kernel endothelial-removing color-protecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of air inlets uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the color protection barrel in the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection subsystem in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the energy-saving and environment-friendly peeling and color-protecting device provided in this embodiment includes a refrigeration unit, a high-pressure flushing peeling mechanism 90 and a color-protecting subsystem.
The refrigerating unit is used for refrigerating the nitrogen to a set temperature (for example, the temperature is-18-20 ℃);
the freezing unit includes a freezing container (not shown) for accommodating nut kernels, the freezing container including an air inlet and an air outlet; the low-temperature nitrogen obtained after refrigeration by the refrigeration unit is introduced into the refrigeration container through the pipeline and the air inlet for carrying out refrigeration treatment on the nut kernels;
the high pressure flush peeling mechanism 90 includes: a delivery cylinder 91, a delivery flip auger 93 and a high-pressure water jet 92; the conveying turning auger is arranged in the conveying cylinder, the conveying turning auger is arranged at the middle bottom part in the conveying cylinder, the outer diameter of the conveying blades 94 is not more than two thirds of the inner diameter of the conveying cylinder 91, and the conveying turning auger is used for turning nut kernel materials while conveying the nut kernel materials from the feeding hole to the discharging hole; the high-pressure water spray heads 92 are arranged along the conveying direction of the conveying turning auger, on the cross section of the vertical conveying turning auger, the high-pressure water spray heads are respectively arranged on the inner side wall of the conveying cylinder and on the side and the upper side of the conveying turning auger, and are connected with a high-pressure water source and used for removing the nut kernel endothelium after the freezing treatment by utilizing high-pressure water; the delivery cylinder is provided with a drain port 95 at the bottom of the delivery flip auger for draining water and draining the inner skin.
Wherein preferably, a discharge hole is arranged below the freezing container, and the discharge hole is arranged above the feed inlet of the conveying cylinder. The nut kernel material discharged from the freezing container can directly fall into the conveying cylinder. The discharge port and the feed port are preferably connected in a sealing way by adopting a pipe body.
In the above technical scheme, optionally, the feeding port of the conveying cylinder 91 is low, the discharging port is high, and the conveying cylinder and the horizontal plane are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10-30 degrees. The conveying turning auger comprises conveying blades 94 which are spirally wound, and water permeable holes 94a for facilitating water to pass through and falling endothelium are densely distributed on the conveying blades. The water in the conveying cylinder flows downwards, so that the fallen endothelium is conveniently washed downwards, the endothelial nut removed from the discharge hole is cleaner, and impurities such as endothelium are fewer. When the water flows through the bottom of the conveying cylinder, the water flows through the water outlet to convey the cylinder and take away the inner skin.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the protection subsystem includes: the color protection cylinder 10, the atomizing device 30, the first pump body 51, the second pump body 52 and the first air storage tank 81;
the first air tank 81 includes an inlet and an outlet, the inlet of which is communicated with an air outlet of the freezing container through the first pipe 61, and nitrogen discharged from the inside of the freezing container is temporarily stored in the first air tank 81 through the inlet;
the color protection cylinder 10 is vertically arranged, and a cylindrical conveying channel 11 is arranged in the color protection cylinder;
a conveying auger 20 for conveying nut kernels after the endothelium is removed is arranged in the conveying channel 11;
a plurality of air inlets 12 are arranged on the wall of the color protection cylinder 10;
one end of the first pump body 51 is communicated with the first air storage tank 81 through a pipeline, and the other end of the first pump body 51 is communicated with the air inlet 12 of the color protection cylinder 10 through an air transmission pipeline 62 and is used for pumping nitrogen in the first air storage tank 81 into the color protection cylinder 10;
the gas pipeline 62 is provided with a temperature control unit 40, and the temperature control unit 40 is used for heating or refrigerating nitrogen flowing through the gas pipeline 62, so as to control the temperature of the nitrogen pumped into the color protection barrel 10 to be within the range of 0.1-5 ℃;
the spray opening of the atomizing device 30 is communicated with the gas pipeline 62, and is used for spraying the color fixative into the gas pipeline 62 after atomizing, and the atomized color fixative is input into the conveying channel 11 in the color fixative cylinder 10 along with nitrogen through the gas inlet 12;
the conveying auger 20 comprises a central shaft body 22, an air suction channel is arranged in the central shaft body 22 in a hollow mode, an air suction hole 22a is formed in the side wall of the central shaft body 22, an air outlet 22b is formed in one end of the air suction channel, and the air outlet 22b is connected with the second pump body 52 through an air outlet pipeline 63; the second pump body 52 pumps out the gas in the conveying channel 11 through the pumping hole, the pumping channel and the exhaust port in sequence, and is used for maintaining the pressure value in the conveying channel 11 to be 0.01-0.05 MPa during working;
the plurality of air inlets 12 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the color protection barrel 10; on the section perpendicular to the conveying channel 11, nitrogen carrying the color fixative molecules moves along the radial direction of the color protection barrel 10, nut kernels move along the axial direction of the color protection barrel 10 under the driving of the conveying auger 20, and the color fixative molecules settle and adhere to the nut kernel surfaces after touching the nut kernels.
Wherein, the outer diameter of the helical blade 21 is matched with the inner wall diameter of the color protection barrel 10 (the outer diameter of the helical blade is equal to or slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the color protection barrel), and the caliber of the air hole 21a is not smaller than the grain diameter of the nut kernel, thereby avoiding the nut kernel from falling from the gap between the helical blade and the inner wall of the color protection barrel and the air hole. In the height direction, two sections of interval arrangement on the helical blade form a semi-closed conveying space, when atomized color fixative is sprayed into the conveying space, the two sections of interval arrangement on the helical blade tend to prevent the atomized color fixative from overflowing, so that the atomized color fixative is effectively ensured to move along the radial direction of the color fixative cylinder.
The color fixative is sprayed into the color fixative cylinder and then continuously adheres to the nut, the concentration of color fixative molecules in nitrogen is reduced, the second pump body and the negative pressure environment in the conveying channel can further ensure that the nitrogen carrying the color fixative moves along the radial direction of the color fixative cylinder, the mixed gas is continuously compressed under the gas accumulation effect, the mass density is also increased, and therefore the concentration reduction trend caused by sedimentation of the color fixative is effectively compensated, and finally, the concentration of the color fixative is kept to be approximately uniform in the radial direction of the color fixative cylinder.
The length of the color protection barrel 10 is set according to the production scale, when the scale is smaller, the color protection barrel can be made relatively short, the upper end and the lower end of the color protection barrel 10 are respectively provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, the feed inlet and the discharge outlet are respectively provided with sealing covers, when the nut kernel materials are poured into the color protection barrel, the nut kernel materials can be introduced into the color protection barrel by using a conveying auger, and the conveying auger blades (two sections with upper and lower intervals) can be uniformly dispersed and layered in the color protection barrel without being stacked together, so that the uniform color protection treatment is facilitated. And pouring the nut kernel materials into the color protection barrel, closing the sealing cover bodies on the discharge hole and the feed inlet, opening the color protection treatment, circularly inputting atomized color protection agent, closing the first pump body after the color protection treatment is finished, closing the second pump body, opening the sealing cover body, and rotating the conveying auger again to lead out the nut kernel materials.
When the production scale is large, the color protection barrel can be made longer (for example, more than 2 meters), the conveying channel 11 is provided with a feed inlet at the lower end of the color protection barrel 10, the upper end of the color protection barrel 10 is provided with a discharge outlet, and nut bodies move from bottom to top under the pushing of the conveying auger 20. The nut kernel is subjected to color protection treatment during transportation. The nut moves from bottom to top, the color fixative moves along the radial direction of the color protection cylinder 10 under the bearing of nitrogen, the two paths are vertical, the color fixative continuously subsides under the action of self gravity, the attaching probability of the color fixative is greatly improved, and the efficiency of the color protection treatment process is improved.
The quick freezing treatment device is compact in structure, the low-temperature nitrogen with the temperature of-18 to-20 ℃ continuously passes through the freezing container, so that quick freezing treatment of nut kernels is realized, and compared with ice water soaking, the quick freezing treatment device is controllable in freezing temperature, small in fluctuation and small in influence on the water content of the nut kernels in the whole freezing treatment process.
The application uses the atomized color fixative to carry out color fixative treatment on the nut kernels from which the inner skin is removed, the dosage of the color fixative is small, the natural taste of the nut kernels is kept to the greatest extent, and the natural ingredients of the nut kernels are prevented from being damaged by excessive additives. Compared with the traditional soaking color protection mode, the method has the advantages that the contact between the nut kernels and the water is greatly reduced, the nut kernels subjected to color protection do not need to be dried, or the drying time is greatly shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.
The nitrogen is used as a carrier, not only plays a role in conveying the color fixative, but also completely wraps the nut kernels in the color fixative treatment process, so that the nut kernels are prevented from being contacted with the outside air, and an aseptic color fixative environment is created while the nut kernels are prevented from being oxidized.
The low-temperature nitrogen gas is temporarily stored in the first tank 81 (the first tank is provided with an insulating layer) through the first pipe 61. Due to heat loss in the freezing treatment process, the nitrogen temperature value in the first tank body is improved, and the method is more suitable for low-temperature cooling of nut kernels during decoloring treatment, so that the secondary utilization of low-temperature nitrogen energy is realized.
The nitrogen is cooled or heated by the temperature control unit 40 during the transportation process, and the temperature of the nitrogen is controlled to be not more than 5 ℃ (preferably 0.1-5 ℃), so that the process temperature of the color protection treatment is effectively controlled, and the freshness of the nut kernels after the removal of the inner skin is maintained to the greatest extent.
Finally, the conveying channel 11 is cylindrical, the plurality of air inlets 12 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the color protection barrel 10, and nitrogen carries color protection agent molecules to move along the radial direction of the color protection barrel 10, so that an aggregation effect is formed, and the color protection agent molecules are more uniformly distributed in the radial direction of the color protection barrel 10. And during operation, the conveying channel 11 is maintained in a negative pressure state of 0.01-0.05 MPa, so that the activity degree of color fixative molecules is improved, and the distribution of the color fixative molecules in the color protection cylinder 10 (in the conveying channel 11) is even, so that the nut kernels are more evenly colored.
The first pipe 61 is provided with a filter device (e.g., an air filter) for filtering the nitrogen gas, thereby filtering and removing impurities from the nitrogen gas.
The high pressure rinse peeling mechanism preferably comprises: grid-shaped bearing platform and high-pressure water spray head; the latticed bearing platform is used for bearing the nut kernels after the freezing treatment; the high-pressure water spray head is arranged above the grid-shaped bearing platform and connected with a high-pressure water source for removing the nut kernel endothelium by utilizing high-pressure water. The grid-shaped bearing platform can be a stationary semi-open container or a conveying belt for connecting the freezing unit and the color protection cylinder. The cross section of the conveying belt is U-shaped, the bottom of the conveying belt is hollowed to form a grid design, a plurality of high-pressure water spray heads are arranged above the conveying belt at intervals along the conveying direction, and nut kernels are subjected to endothelial removal operation in the conveying process.
As shown in fig. 2, the plurality of air inlets 12 are uniformly arranged in the axial direction of the color protection cylinder 10 (in the direction of the conveying passage 11).
In the above technical solution, optionally, the conveying channel 11 is provided with a feed inlet at the lower end of the color protection barrel 10, and a discharge outlet at the upper end of the color protection barrel 10, and nut moves from bottom to top under the pushing of the conveying auger 20. The nut moves from bottom to top, the color fixative moves along the radial direction of the color protection cylinder 10 under the bearing of nitrogen, the two paths are vertical, the color fixative continuously subsides under the action of self gravity, the attaching probability of the color fixative is greatly improved, and the efficiency of the color protection treatment process is improved.
The conveying auger 20 further comprises a spiral blade 21 spirally wound around the central shaft body, and ventilation holes 21a are densely distributed in the spiral blade. Wherein the ventilation holes are densely distributed, so that the atomized color fixative molecules can be conveniently contacted with nut kernels from the lower parts of the spiral blades through the ventilation holes, and the nut kernels are ensured to be sufficiently, thoroughly and uniformly color-protected.
The color fixative is edible citric acid and vitamin C mixed solution. Wherein preferably, the mass percentage of the edible citric acid is 0.3%; the Vc is 0.5 percent by mass.
The present embodiment further includes a temperature sensor 41 provided at the air inlet 12 for detecting the temperature value of nitrogen gas blown into the color protection cylinder 10, and a controller 42. The controller 42 may be a CUP processor, a singlechip, etc., and is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the temperature control unit, and can control the operation of the temperature control unit according to the temperature value fed back by the temperature sensor, thereby forming a closed-loop feedback and control system.
The atomizing device 30 is an ultrasonic atomizing device 30. The color fixative comprises a spring piece 32 for ultrasonic control, wherein the spring piece 32 is arranged in a solution of the color fixative.
The embodiment further includes a recovery unit for recovering the color fixative and nitrogen gas; the upper end of the air suction channel in the central shaft body is closed, and the lower end of the air suction channel is provided with an air outlet; the exhaust port is in turn in communication with the second pump body 52 and the recovery unit via tubing.
The recovery unit includes: the recovery vessel 70 containing the recovery solution, the end of the recovery line 64 led out from the second pump body 52 extends below the liquid surface of the recovery solution, the recovery vessel 70 is provided with a nitrogen recovery port 71 above the liquid surface of the recovery solution, and the nitrogen filtered by the recovery solution is discharged through the nitrogen recovery port 71.
The recovery container is a color fixative container, and the recovery solution is a color fixative solution; the bottom of the color fixative container is communicated with the container 31 of the atomizing device 30 and is used for conveying the color fixative into the container 31 of the atomizing device 30; a nitrogen recovery port is provided above the color fixative container (recovery container 70), and is communicated with a second air storage tank 82 through a second pipeline 65, and the second air storage tank 82 is communicated with an air inlet end of the refrigeration unit through a third pipeline 66. Thereby realizing the recycling of nitrogen.
The embodiment further comprises a nitrogen supplementing system for supplementing and conveying nitrogen to the refrigeration unit, wherein the nitrogen supplementing system comprises a third air storage tank 83, a supplementing pipeline 84 and a control valve body 85; the third air storage tank is communicated with the air inlet end of the refrigeration unit through a supplementing pipeline, and the control valve body is arranged on the supplementing pipeline. Wherein the control valve is preferably a pilot control valve, and when the pressure value of the air inlet end of the refrigeration unit is lower than a set value (i.e. the pressure difference of the pilot end of the pilot control valve reaches a set threshold value), the control valve is opened to supplement nitrogen to the refrigeration unit.
The refrigeration unit can be in the prior art, and for example comprises a body, wherein a flow passage through which nitrogen passes is arranged in the body, and a refrigeration module is arranged in the flow passage. More preferably, the refrigeration unit comprises a control module, a temperature sensor and the like, so that the accurate control of the refrigeration temperature is realized.
The temperature control unit may be in the prior art, for example, the temperature control unit includes a formulation module and a heating module. As shown in fig. 1, the temperature control unit further preferably includes a heat exchanger including a low temperature line as a part of the middle of the gas line 62 and a high temperature line as a part of the middle of the second line, the low temperature line and the high temperature line being closely wound around each other for heat exchange of two nitrogen flows through the low temperature line and the high temperature line.
The nitrogen in the gas pipeline 62 is generally lower in temperature and cannot meet the requirements of the color protection treatment process, the nitrogen recovered from the recovery container is higher in temperature, the temperature of the nitrogen recovered from the recovery container is reduced after heat exchange of the nitrogen and the heat exchange container is more suitable for the requirements of the color protection process, the additional refrigeration or heating treatment of the temperature control unit is reduced, the temperature of the recovered nitrogen is reduced after heat exchange treatment, the refrigeration unit can be reduced to apply work, and therefore energy recovery and utilization in the whole process of removing inner skin and protecting color are achieved, and energy consumption is reduced to the greatest extent.
The nut kernel endothelial-removing color-protecting device disclosed by the invention has a compact structure, utilizes the atomized color-protecting agent to carry out color-protecting treatment on the nut kernels from which the inner skin is removed, has small dosage of the color-protecting agent, maintains the natural taste of the nut kernels to the greatest extent, and avoids the damage of excessive additives to natural components of the nut kernels.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An energy-saving and environment-friendly peeling and color-protecting device is characterized by comprising: the refrigerating unit, the high-pressure flushing peeling mechanism and the color protection subsystem;
the refrigerating unit is used for refrigerating nitrogen to a set temperature;
the freezing unit comprises a freezing container for containing nut kernels, wherein the freezing container comprises an air inlet and an air outlet; the low-temperature nitrogen obtained after the refrigeration of the refrigeration unit is introduced into the refrigeration container through the pipeline and the air inlet for carrying out refrigeration treatment on the nut kernels;
the high-pressure flushing peeling mechanism comprises: a conveying cylinder, a conveying turning auger and a high-pressure water spray head; the conveying turning auger is arranged in the conveying cylinder, the outer diameter of conveying blades of the conveying turning auger is not more than two thirds of the inner diameter of the conveying cylinder, and the conveying turning auger is used for conveying nut kernel materials from the feeding hole to the discharging hole and turning the nut kernel materials at the same time; the high-pressure water spray heads are arranged along the conveying direction of the conveying turning auger, are respectively arranged on the inner side wall of the conveying cylinder and on the side and the upper side of the conveying turning auger on the cross section of the vertical conveying turning auger, and are connected with a high-pressure water source for removing the nut endothelium after freezing treatment by utilizing high-pressure water; the bottom of the conveying cylinder is provided with a water outlet for draining water and discharging endothelium;
the color protection subsystem is used for performing color protection treatment on the nut kernels from which the inner skin is removed;
the protection subsystem includes: the device comprises a color protection cylinder, an atomization device, a first pump body, a second pump body and a first air storage tank;
the first air storage tank comprises an inlet and an outlet, the inlet of the first air storage tank is communicated with the air outlet of the freezing container through a first pipeline, and nitrogen exhausted from the freezing container is temporarily stored in the first air storage tank through the inlet;
the color protection cylinder is vertically arranged, and a cylindrical conveying channel is arranged in the color protection cylinder;
a conveying auger for conveying the nut kernels after the inner skin is removed is arranged in the conveying channel;
a plurality of air inlets are formed in the wall of the color protection cylinder;
one end of the first pump body is communicated with the first air storage tank through a pipeline, and the other end of the first pump body is communicated with the air inlet of the color protection cylinder through an air transmission pipeline and is used for pumping nitrogen in the first air storage tank into the color protection cylinder;
the temperature control unit is arranged on the gas transmission pipeline and is used for heating or refrigerating nitrogen flowing through the gas transmission pipeline, so that the temperature of the nitrogen pumped into the color protection barrel is controlled within the range of 0.1-10 ℃;
the spray opening of the atomization device is communicated with the gas transmission pipeline and is used for spraying the color fixative into the gas transmission pipeline after being atomized, and the atomized color fixative is input into the color fixative cylinder along with nitrogen through the gas inlet;
the conveying auger comprises a central shaft body, an air suction channel is arranged in the central shaft body in a hollow mode, an air suction hole is formed in the side wall of the central shaft body, an air outlet is formed in one end of the air suction channel, and the air outlet is connected with the second pump body through an air exhaust pipeline; the second pump body sequentially pumps out the gas in the color protection cylinder through the pumping hole, the pumping channel and the exhaust port, and is used for maintaining the pressure value in the conveying channel to be 0.01-0.05 MPa during working;
the plurality of air inlets are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the color protection cylinder; on the section vertical to the conveying channel, nitrogen carrying the color fixative molecules moves along the radial direction of the color protection cylinder, and the color fixative molecules settle and adhere to the surfaces of nut kernels after touching the nut kernels;
the device also comprises a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is arranged at the air inlet and is used for detecting the temperature value of nitrogen blown into the color protection cylinder.
2. The energy-saving and environment-friendly peeling and color-protecting device according to claim 1, wherein a discharge opening is arranged below the freezing container and above the feed inlet of the conveying cylinder.
3. The energy-saving and environment-friendly peeling and color-protecting device according to claim 1, wherein the feeding hole of the conveying cylinder is low, the discharging hole of the conveying cylinder is high, and the conveying cylinder is obliquely arranged at an angle of 10-45 degrees with the horizontal plane.
4. The energy-saving and environment-friendly peeling and color-protecting device according to claim 1, wherein the conveying turning auger comprises conveying blades which are spirally wound, and water permeable holes for facilitating water and falling endothelium to pass through are densely distributed on the conveying blades.
5. The energy-saving and environment-friendly peeling and color-protecting device according to claim 1, wherein a filtering device for filtering nitrogen is arranged on the first pipeline.
6. The energy-saving and environment-friendly peeling and color-protecting device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of air inlets are uniformly distributed in the axial direction of the color-protecting cylinder.
7. The energy-saving and environment-friendly peeling and color-protecting device according to claim 1, wherein the conveying channel is provided with a feeding hole at the lower end of the color-protecting cylinder, the upper end of the color-protecting cylinder is provided with a discharging hole, and the nut kernels are pushed by the conveying auger to move from bottom to top.
8. The energy efficient and environmentally friendly peeling and color protection device according to claim 7, wherein the air inlet is disposed obliquely downward on a projection section including a center axis of the color protection cylinder, and nitrogen sprayed from the air inlet is sprayed obliquely downward toward the nut on the conveying auger.
9. The energy-saving and environment-friendly peeling and color-protecting device according to claim 1, wherein the conveying auger further comprises spiral blades spirally wound around the central shaft body, and ventilation holes are densely distributed in the spiral blades.
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