CN110149034B - Preparation method of permanent magnet rotor assembly - Google Patents
Preparation method of permanent magnet rotor assembly Download PDFInfo
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- CN110149034B CN110149034B CN201910376077.1A CN201910376077A CN110149034B CN 110149034 B CN110149034 B CN 110149034B CN 201910376077 A CN201910376077 A CN 201910376077A CN 110149034 B CN110149034 B CN 110149034B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
- H02K15/03—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a permanent magnet rotor assembly, and belongs to the technical field of motor preparation. The preparation method of the permanent magnet rotor assembly comprises the following steps: s1, preparing magnetic powder from a permanent magnet alloy material; s2, preparing a rotor assembly A, wherein the rotor assembly A comprises a central shaft core and a magnetic ring green body outside an iron core, and the magnetic ring green body is prepared by pressing and forming magnetic powder; s3, integrally sintering and integrally heat-treating the rotor assembly A to obtain a rotor assembly B with an integrated iron core and magnetic ring; s4, machining the rotor assembly B to obtain a finished permanent magnet rotor assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor preparation, and relates to a preparation method of a permanent magnet rotor component for a motor, in particular to a high-speed motor.
Background
The high-speed motor generally refers to a motor with the rotating speed exceeding 10000r/min, and has the following advantages: firstly, the rotating speed is high, the power density of the motor is high, the volume is far smaller than that of a common power motor, and preparation materials can be effectively saved; secondly, the transmission mechanism can be directly connected with a prime motor without using a mechanical speed change device, thereby effectively reducing the vibration and noise of the system and improving the transmission efficiency; thirdly, the rotational inertia is small, and the dynamic response is fast. The high-speed motor can be used for a centrifugal compressor in a high-speed grinding machine and other processing machines, a high-speed flywheel energy storage system and an air circulation refrigeration system, a high-speed centrifugal compressor and an air blower which are used for natural gas conveying and sewage treatment, a gas turbine of a distributed power supply system for driving a high-speed generator, the field of aerospace and the like. Due to the advantages and wide application prospects of high-speed motors, the high-speed motor becomes a research hotspot in the field of motors.
However, since the high-speed motor has a very high rotor speed during operation, and if the mass distribution and the magnetic force distribution of the rotor are not uniform, when the rotor speed approaches or exceeds a critical speed, the entire rotor, including the rotor support system, will generate large vibration, which will have a fatal influence on the high-speed motor, and therefore, it is very important to maintain the dynamic balance of the rotor.
At present, a permanent magnet rotor for a high-speed motor is prepared by assembling magnetic steel on the surface of an iron core shaft, and two assembling modes are mainly adopted.
The first mode is that the magnetic shoes (tile-shaped magnetic steel) are attached to the surface of an iron core shaft one by one according to the requirements of a motor, the magnetic shoes and the iron core shaft are fixed through high-temperature-resistant glue, a circular ring is formed on the surface of the iron core shaft after the magnetic shoes are spliced, the periphery of the whole circular ring is wound by carbon fiber materials for reinforcement, and a nonmagnetic alloy circular sleeve is assembled on the periphery of the carbon fiber materials in an interference manner to obtain the permanent magnet rotor. The method has complex assembly process and low efficiency; gaps exist between the magnetic steels and the magnetic steels, so that the magnetic leakage phenomenon is serious, and the utilization rate of the magnetic steels is low; dynamic balance maintenance of the rotor during high-speed operation is not facilitated; the magnetic shoe is usually manufactured by adopting a linear cutting or forming mill mode, and because the magnetic steel is a brittle material, the machining yield is not high, so that the machining cost of the magnetic shoe is higher. The reason why the non-magnetic alloy round sleeve is assembled in an interference manner to further reinforce the permanent magnet rotor for the high-speed motor is that the permanent magnet material is resistant to compression and not tensile, centrifugal disintegration can occur in the rotating process of the high-speed motor, and the non-magnetic alloy round sleeve does not need to be assembled on a common motor.
The second mode is that the magnetic ring is sleeved outside the iron core shaft, glue is filled in the gap between the magnetic ring and the iron core shaft to bond and fix the magnetic ring, and then the nonmagnetic alloy circular sleeve is assembled on the periphery of the magnetic ring in an interference fit mode to obtain the bipolar permanent magnet rotor. Because the magnetic ring is a brittle material, is pressure-resistant and tension-resistant, and cannot be assembled on the iron core shaft in an interference manner, otherwise, the magnetic ring is extremely easy to break, and the magnetic ring and the iron core shaft can be fixed together only in a glue filling assembly manner. The method has higher requirements on glue, and the risk of aging and falling off exists in the subsequent high-speed operation process or the long-time operation process; although the efficiency is higher than that of the magnetic tile surface-mounted mode, the efficiency still needs to be improved; in addition, in the prior art, the preparation of the magnetic ring is difficult, and the preparation cost is higher than that of the magnetic shoe, so that the cost of the method is higher.
Therefore, reducing the cost of the magnetic ring and the corresponding motor rotor has been a concern for researchers of high-speed motors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, provides a method for preparing a permanent magnet rotor assembly, has the advantages of simple and efficient preparation and assembly process, high processing precision, good dynamic balance of the assembled motor rotor and relatively low preparation cost, and is particularly suitable for high-speed permanent magnet motors.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of making a permanent magnet rotor assembly, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing magnetic powder, wherein the magnetic powder is made of a permanent magnet alloy material;
s2, preparing a rotor assembly A, wherein the rotor assembly A comprises a central shaft core and a magnetic ring green body outside an iron core, and the magnetic ring green body is prepared by pressing and forming magnetic powder;
s3, integrally sintering and integrally heat-treating the rotor assembly A to obtain a rotor assembly B with an integrated iron core and magnetic ring;
and S4, machining the rotor assembly B to obtain a finished permanent magnet rotor assembly.
The method discards the traditional machining preparation process of the magnetic steel and the subsequent complex and low-efficiency magnetic steel assembly process, so that the permanent magnet rotor assembly is prepared in place in one step, the prepared permanent magnet rotor assembly has high machining precision and good dynamic balance, is particularly suitable for a high-speed permanent magnet motor, and has relatively low preparation cost.
Because the sintering shrinkage characteristics of the magnetic rings (including the radial magnetic ring, the axial magnetic ring and the radiation magnetic ring) in all directions are different in the single sintering process, the inside of the magnetic ring can generate very large internal stress after cooling, and the magnetic ring is easy to crack after sintering or in the machining process. According to the invention, the magnetic ring and the shaft core are sintered together, the shaft core plays a supporting role on the magnetic ring green body, and the internal stress of the magnetic ring can be greatly reduced, so that the cracking of the magnetic ring after sintering or in the machining process is effectively avoided. In addition, when the shaft core is made of proper materials, certain mutual diffusion reaction can be generated between the materials of the shaft core and the magnetic ring green body in the sintering process, and then the shaft core and the magnetic ring green body are bonded together, so that the subsequent machining of the magnet and the magnetic steel assembling process can be omitted, the working procedures are reduced, and the preparation efficiency is improved. The rotor assembly obtained after sintering heat treatment can be integrally used in a motor through simple machining, and the magnetic ring can be stripped from the shaft core through a machining method and then assembled with another shaft core to obtain the rotor.
Preferably, the permanent magnet alloy material is a rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material or a rare earth iron-based permanent magnet material, and the rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material is a 1:5 type rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material or a 2:17 type rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material.
More preferably, the chemical formula of the rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material is (Sm)1-xRx)(Co1-yMy)zR is one or more rare earth elements of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, and the range of x is 0-0.8; m is one or more of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, In, Sn, Ag, Au, Mo, Nb, Zr, Hf, Ta, W and Si, the range of y is 0.1-0.5, and the range of z is 4.2-8.5.
More preferably, the chemical molecular formula of the rare earth iron-based permanent magnet material is (Nd)100-xRx)11-18(Fe100-yMy)balB5-6.5Wherein R is one or more rare earth elements of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, and the range of x is 0-80; m is one or more elements of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, In, Sn, Ag, Au, Mo, Nb, Zr, Hf, Ta and W, and y ranges from 0 to 20.
Preferably, the step S1 of preparing the magnetic powder includes preparing a permanent magnetic alloy ingot or sheet by melting according to the element ratio, and then crushing the permanent magnetic alloy ingot or sheet into the magnetic powder with a diameter of 2 μm to 6 μm.
Preferably, in the process of preparing the magnetic powder in step S1, the permanent magnet alloy ingot or sheet is first mechanically or hydrogen crushed into powder with an average particle size of 50 μm to 300 μm, and then the powder is prepared into magnetic powder with an average particle size of 2 μm to 6 μm by an air flow mill.
Preferably, when the permanent magnet alloy material is a rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material, the hydrogen breaking is to absorb hydrogen for 1 to 10 hours under the hydrogen pressure of 0.1 to 0.5MPa, and then to perform dehydrogenation at the temperature of between 200 and 350 ℃ for 0 to 5 hours;
when the permanent magnetic alloy material is a rare earth iron-based permanent magnetic material, the hydrogen breaking is to absorb hydrogen for 1 to 10 hours under the hydrogen pressure of 0.1 to 0.5MPa, then carry out dehydrogenation by keeping the temperature for 2 to 5 hours at 200 to 350 ℃, and then carry out dehydrogenation by keeping the temperature for 1 to 3 hours at 400 to 650 ℃.
The rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material is very easy to dehydrogenate in the sintering process, so that when the rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material is used as a magnet ring raw material, the dehydrogenation time in the hydrogen breaking process can be selected to be 0 hour, namely, the dehydrogenation is not performed, and the dehydrogenation step is completed in the subsequent sintering process.
Preferably, in the step S2, the magnetic ring green compact is prepared by orienting the magnetic powder in a magnetic field with the shaft core as a center and press-molding the magnetic powder around the shaft core to form the magnetic ring green compact on the periphery of the shaft core, so as to obtain the permanent magnet rotor assembly a;
or the magnetic powder is separately oriented in a magnetic field and is pressed and molded into a hollow magnetic ring green body, and then the shaft core is assembled to the hollow position of the magnetic ring green body to obtain the permanent magnet rotor component A.
Preferably, the magnetic field strength oriented under the magnetic field is 1T to 4T.
Preferably, the shaft core is made of magnetic alloy steel, and a layer of low-melting-point alloy sheet is arranged between the shaft core and the magnetic ring green body.
Preferably, the thickness of the low melting point alloy sheet is 0.05mm to 10 mm.
According to the invention, the layer of low-melting-point alloy sheet is arranged between the shaft core and the magnetic ring green body, so that the reaction diffusion between the shaft core and the magnetic ring green body can be enhanced in the sintering process, and the bonding performance of the shaft core and the magnetic ring after sintering is better.
Preferably, when the permanent magnet alloy material is a rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material, the low-melting-point alloy sheet is a copper sheet, and when the permanent magnet alloy material is a rare earth iron-based permanent magnet material, the low-melting-point alloy sheet is an aluminum sheet or a copper sheet.
According to the invention, the low-melting-point alloy sheet is preferably selected, so that the deterioration of the coercive force of the magnet, caused by the diffusion of improper additional elements into the green body of the magnetic ring, is avoided.
Preferably, the relative permeability μ of the magnetically permeable alloy steelrMore than 160, and preferably, the relative magnetic permeability mu of the magnetic conduction alloy steelrGreater than 1000.
The invention selects the magnetic conduction alloy steel material with high relative magnetic conductivity, and can improve the magnetic field intensity of the surface of the permanent magnet rotor.
Preferably, the shape of the shaft core is a circular shape, a circular ring shape, an elliptical strip, a square strip, a polygonal strip, or other shapes.
The shape of the shaft core is designed according to the requirement of the motor and can be various shapes.
Preferably, the shaft core is a hollow shaft core, and more preferably, an annular shaft core.
Preferably, when the shaft core is a hollow shaft core, the central hole of the shaft core may be circular, square, oval, polygonal or other shapes, depending on the design of the motor.
Because the shaft core and the magnetic ring are made of different materials and have different heat treatment processes, the heat treatment process aiming at the magnetic ring can cause the reduction of the mechanical strength of the shaft core, and when the rotor assembly with the shaft core (namely the shaft core and the magnetic ring are integrated) is prepared, the shaft core with the reduced strength can be used for a common motor but is not suitable for being used as the shaft core of a permanent magnet rotor with larger rotor mass or extremely high rotating speed. Therefore, the hollow shaft core is preferred, namely, the position of the shaft hole is reserved in the center of the shaft core, and the high-strength shaft core can be assembled subsequently to serve as a transmission function.
Preferably, the shaft core is made of a high-temperature-resistant material, and the high-temperature-resistant material comprises a superalloy, a molybdenum alloy, a tungsten alloy and high-temperature-resistant ceramic; or a high temperature resistant layer is formed on the surface of the shaft core in advance by magnetron sputtering, CVD or ion plating.
Preferably, the high temperature resistant layer includes a TiN layer, a TiC layer, or ZrO layer2And (3) a layer.
Preferably, the high-temperature resistant material or the high-temperature resistant layer has a resistant temperature at least 30 ℃ higher than the sintering temperature of the magnetic ring, and more preferably, the high-temperature resistant material or the high-temperature resistant layer has a resistant temperature at least 50 ℃ higher than the sintering temperature of the magnetic ring. The temperature resistance of the high-temperature resistant material or the high-temperature resistant layer means that molecular diffusion basically does not occur or only trace molecular diffusion occurs between the high-temperature resistant material or the high-temperature resistant layer and the magnetic ring at the sintering temperature of the magnetic ring.
According to the invention, the high-temperature resistant material is directly used as the material of the shaft core, or the surface of the shaft core is provided with the high-temperature resistant layer in advance, so that the diffusion reaction between the magnetic ring and the shaft core can be weakened, the shaft core can be conveniently ejected out of the middle of the magnetic ring, and the more appropriate shaft core can be installed.
Preferably, the step of performing isostatic pressing treatment on the magnetic ring green body is further provided after the magnetic ring green body is subjected to press forming.
Preferably, the isostatic pressing pressure is 100MPa to 400MPa, and the dwell time is 30s to 1000 s.
The requirement of the forming mode of the magnetic ring green body on forming equipment can be high or low, when the requirement of the forming mode of the magnetic ring green body on the forming equipment is low, the green body is not pressed compactly, and isostatic pressing treatment can be carried out to obtain higher density, so that subsequent sintering is facilitated.
Preferably, when the permanent magnet alloy material is a 1:5 type rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material, the integral sintering in the step S3 is to heat the rotor assembly A to 1100-1150 ℃ for 1-6 h, the integral heat treatment is to cool the sintered rotor assembly A to 830-900 ℃ at a cooling rate of 0.1-1 ℃/min and keep the temperature for 0.5-3 h, and then to cool the sintered rotor assembly A to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10-100 ℃/min;
when the permanent magnet alloy material is a 2:17 type rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material, the integral sintering in the step S3 is to heat the rotor assembly A to 1180-1250 ℃ for sintering for 1-6 h, the integral heat treatment is to cool the sintered rotor assembly A to 1100-1200 ℃ at a cooling rate of 1-4 ℃/min, preserve heat for 1-5 h, cool to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10-100 ℃/min, heat to 750-860 ℃ for 5-40 h, slowly cool to 400-500 ℃ at a cooling rate of 0.1-2 ℃/min, preserve heat for 1-5 h, and then cool to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10-100 ℃/min;
when the permanent magnetic alloy material is a rare earth iron-based permanent magnetic material, the integral sintering in the step S3 is to heat the rotor assembly A to 1050-1120 ℃ for sintering for 1-6 h, the integral heat treatment is to cool the rotor assembly A to room temperature at a cooling speed of 10-100 ℃/min, heat the rotor assembly A to 850-950 ℃ for 2-7 h, cool the rotor assembly A to room temperature at a cooling speed of 10-100 ℃/min, heat the rotor assembly A to 450-600 ℃ for 3-10 h, and cool the rotor assembly A to room temperature at a cooling speed of 10-100 ℃/min.
Preferably, when the permanent magnet rotor assembly with the shaft core is prepared, the cooling speed of cooling to room temperature is 10-50 ℃/min; when the rotor assembly only provided with the magnetic ring is prepared, the cooling speed of cooling to the room temperature is 50-100 ℃/min.
The faster the cooling speed, the better the magnetic performance of the rare earth permanent magnet material, but the too fast cooling speed has too high requirement on the equipment, and meanwhile, for the permanent magnet rotor component of the invention, the magnetic ring and the shaft core are sintered and heat treated together, because the thermal expansion coefficients of the magnetic ring and the inner shaft core are different, the too fast cooling speed can cause larger internal stress between the magnetic ring and the inner shaft core, and the joint part of the magnetic ring and the inner shaft core is cracked or loosened. Therefore, when the permanent magnet rotor component with the shaft core is prepared, the cooling speed is preferably within the range of 10 ℃/min to 50 ℃/min. If the shaft core needs to be taken out subsequently, a faster cooling speed, namely 50 ℃/min to 100 ℃/min, can be selected.
Preferably, the machining in step S4 includes machining the permanent magnet rotor assembly B to a corresponding dimensional shape, tolerance, and surface roughness state according to the motor assembly requirements.
Preferably, the machining in step S4 includes providing a plurality of circumferential indentations in the magnet ring, and filling the indentations with resin or high-temperature glue.
More preferably, the number of the dents in the step S4 is 2 to 20, the width of the dents is 0.1mm to 5mm, and the depth of the dents accounts for 1/4 to 3/4 of the radial thickness of the magnetic ring.
According to the invention, the plurality of circumferential dents (the circumferential dents are vertical to the axial direction of the magnet and are arranged along the circumference) are arranged on the surface of the magnetic ring, so that the magnetic ring is divided into a plurality of parts, and the eddy generated in the high-speed operation process of the motor can be reduced. The specific number of dimples and the size of the gap may be determined by the eddy current conditions generated during operation of the motor. The dent part is filled with resin or high-temperature glue, so that the magnetic ring is reinforced, and the reduction of the strength of the magnetic ring caused by the arrangement of the dent is avoided.
Preferably, the machining in step S4 includes removing the shaft core from the rotor assembly B.
Further preferably, the machining in step S4 includes ejecting the shaft core in the rotor assembly B by using a tool.
The shaft core and the magnetic ring are sintered together to be prepared, and then the shaft core is peeled off from the magnetic ring by a machining method, only the peripheral magnetic ring part is left, other shaft cores can be assembled to assemble a motor rotor according to the needs of a motor, and the method can also be only used for preparing the magnetic ring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the traditional preparation method of the permanent magnet rotor assembly, the method provided by the invention discards the machining process of the magnetic steel and the complex and low-efficiency assembly process of the magnetic shoe or the magnetic ring and the shaft core, so that the permanent magnet rotor assembly is prepared in place in one step, and the method is simple and efficient, relatively low in preparation cost, easy to operate and easy to industrialize.
(2) The preparation method of the invention can also be used for preparing the magnetic ring at low cost, and the magnetic ring can be used as a part of the permanent magnet rotor.
(3) The preparation method has the advantages of high processing precision, good binding force between the magnetic ring and the shaft core, uniform mass distribution of each part of the permanent magnet rotor due to one-step preparation, good dynamic balance of the rotor and particular suitability for permanent magnet high-speed motors.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a permanent magnet rotor assembly manufactured in embodiments 1 to 3 and 5 to 9 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a finished permanent magnet rotor assembly manufactured in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
The numbers in the figures are respectively: the magnetic ring comprises a shaft core 1 and a magnetic ring 2.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention and further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the permanent magnet rotor assembly in this embodiment is specifically as follows:
(1) smelting permanent magnetic alloy material
Selecting 22H 1:5 type rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material with chemical molecular formula of SmCo4.6And smelting the alloy into an ingot.
(2) Powder making
Absorbing hydrogen for 5h under the hydrogen pressure of 0.3MPa to obtain powder with the average particle size of 200 mu m, and then carrying out jet milling on the powder to obtain magnetic powder with the average particle size of 4.8 mu m.
(3) Preparation of permanent magnet rotor Assembly A
The magnetic powder is independently oriented and pressed under a 2T magnetic field to form a hollow radial magnetic ring green body, then pressure is maintained for 100s under 250MPa isostatic pressure to form a compact magnetic ring green body, a circular ring shaft core wrapped with a layer of 0.3mm thick copper sheet is assembled to the hollow position of the magnetic ring green body to obtain a permanent magnet rotor assembly A, wherein the circular ring shaft core is made of magnetic conductive alloy steel and has relative magnetic conductivity mur2500, tensile strength of 650 MPa.
(4) Sintering and heat treatment
Sintering, namely heating the permanent magnet rotor assembly A to 1124 ℃ and sintering for 2.5 hours;
the heat treatment is that the sintered rotor assembly A is cooled to 850 ℃ at the cooling rate of 0.3 ℃/min and is kept warm for 1h, and then is cooled to room temperature at the cooling rate of 30 ℃/min, so as to obtain a permanent magnet rotor assembly B with an integrated shaft core and magnetic ring;
(5) machining
And (3) carrying out internal and external circle grinding on the permanent magnet rotor component B according to the assembly requirements of the motor to obtain a finished permanent magnet rotor component, wherein the structure of the finished permanent magnet rotor component is shown in figure 1. Example 2
Example 2
The preparation method of the permanent magnet rotor assembly in this embodiment is specifically as follows:
(1) smelting permanent magnetic alloy material
Selecting a 30H 2:17 type rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material with the chemical molecular formula of Sm (Co)balFe0.24Cu0.065Zr0.03)7.85And smelting the alloy into an ingot.
(2) Powder making
Absorbing hydrogen for 5h under the hydrogen pressure of 0.3MPa, and then preserving the hydrogen-absorbed ingot for 3h at 290 ℃ for dehydrogenation to obtain powder with the average particle size of 150 mu m; and then the powder is subjected to jet milling to obtain magnetic powder with the average particle size of 4.2 mu m.
(3) Preparation of permanent magnet rotor Assembly A
The magnetic powder is independently oriented and pressed under a 2T magnetic field to form a hollow radial magnetic ring green body, then pressure is maintained for 100s under 250MPa isostatic pressure to form a compact magnetic ring green body, a circular ring shaft core wrapped with a layer of 0.3mm thick copper sheet is assembled to the hollow position of the magnetic ring green body to obtain a permanent magnet rotor assembly A, wherein the circular ring shaft core is made of magnetic conductive alloy steel and has relative magnetic conductivity mur2500 MPa, tensile strength 655 MPa.
(4) Sintering and heat treatment
Sintering, namely heating the permanent magnet rotor assembly A to 1200 ℃ and sintering for 2.5 hours;
and the heat treatment comprises the steps of cooling the sintered rotor assembly A to 1180 ℃ at a cooling speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 30 ℃/min, heating to 830 ℃ and preserving heat for 15 hours, then slowly cooling to 400 ℃ at a cooling speed of 0.7 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 30 ℃/min to obtain the permanent magnet rotor assembly B with the shaft core and the magnet ring integrated.
(5) Machining
And (3) carrying out internal and external circle grinding on the permanent magnet rotor component B according to the assembly requirements of the motor to obtain a finished permanent magnet rotor component, wherein the structure of the finished permanent magnet rotor component is shown in figure 1.
Example 3
The preparation method of the permanent magnet rotor assembly in this embodiment is specifically as follows:
(1) smelting permanent magnetic alloy material
Selecting rare earth iron-based permanent magnet material with the trademark of N38UH and the chemical formula of the rare earth iron-based permanent magnet material is (Nd)69.32Pr17.74Dy12.94)13.11(Fe97.06Co2.04Al0.54Cu0.13Zr0.06Ga0.17)81.12B5.77And smelting the alloy into cast sheets.
(2) Powder making
Absorbing hydrogen for 5h under the hydrogen pressure of 0.15MPa, then preserving the temperature of the cast sheet after absorbing hydrogen for 2.5h for dehydrogenation, preserving the temperature of the cast sheet at 580 ℃ for dehydrogenation to prepare powder with the average grain size of 100 mu m, and preparing the powder into magnetic powder with the grain size of 3.1 mu m through an air flow mill.
(3) Preparation of permanent magnet rotor Assembly A
The magnetic powder is independently oriented and pressed under a 2T magnetic field to form a hollow radial magnetic ring green body, then pressure is maintained for 60s under 200MPa isostatic pressure to form a compact magnetic ring green body, a circular ring shaft core wrapped with a layer of 0.3mm thick copper sheet is assembled to the hollow position of the magnetic ring green body to obtain a permanent magnet rotor assembly A, wherein the circular ring shaft core is made of magnetic conductive alloy steel and has relative magnetic conductivity mur2500, tensile strength 643 MPa.
(4) Sintering and heat treatment
Sintering, namely heating the rotor assembly A to 1070 ℃ and sintering for 5 h;
and the heat treatment is to cool the sintered rotor assembly A to room temperature at a cooling speed of 30 ℃/min, then heat the rotor assembly A to 890 ℃, keep the temperature for 3h, cool the rotor assembly A to room temperature at a cooling speed of 30 ℃/min, then heat the rotor assembly A to 490 ℃, keep the temperature for 5h, and cool the rotor assembly A to room temperature at a cooling speed of 30 ℃/min to obtain the permanent magnet rotor assembly B with the integrated shaft core and the magnetic ring.
(5) Machining
And (3) carrying out internal and external circle grinding on the permanent magnet rotor component B according to the assembly requirements of the motor to obtain a finished permanent magnet rotor component, wherein the structure of the finished permanent magnet rotor component is shown in figure 1.
Example 4
The difference between the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 2 is that the solid cylindrical shaft core adopted in the step (3) is the solid cylindrical shaft core, the tensile strength of the solid cylindrical shaft core is 658MPa, correspondingly, the permanent magnet rotor assembly B is only subjected to external cylindrical grinding in the step (5) to obtain a permanent magnet rotor assembly finished product, and the rest is the same as that in the embodiment 2, and the structure of the permanent magnet rotor assembly finished product is shown in fig. 2.
Example 5
The difference between the embodiment 5 and the embodiment 2 is that the circular ring shaft core in the step (3) is not wrapped by the low-melting-point alloy sheet copper sheet, the shaft core is completely sleeved out in the step (5) by using a trepanning process, and then the rest magnetic ring is subjected to internal and external grinding processing to obtain a permanent magnet rotor assembly finished product, namely the magnetic ring, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 2.
Example 6
Example 6 is different from example 5 in that the shaft core in step (3) is made of a high temperature resistant ceramic material, the high temperature resistant ceramic material has a temperature 70 ℃ higher than the sintering temperature of the magnetic ring, and the rest is the same as example 5.
Example 7
Example 7 differs from example 5 in that all cooling rates to room temperature in step (4) were 100 ℃/min, and the rest were the same as in example 5.
Example 8
The difference between the embodiment 8 and the embodiment 2 is that in the step (5), the magnetic ring of the permanent magnet rotor assembly B is cut into 6 cuts with a width of 0.2mm by a multi-wire cutting method, the depth of the cut is 2/3 of the radial thickness of the magnetic ring, the cut is filled with high temperature resistant resin, and then the inner and outer circular grinding is performed to obtain a permanent magnet rotor assembly finished product, which is otherwise the same as the embodiment 2.
Example 9
Example 9 is different from example 2 in that in step (3), magnetic powder is oriented in a magnetic field around a shaft core, and is press-molded around the shaft core to form a magnetic ring green compact around the shaft core, and the magnetic ring green compact is subjected to isostatic pressing to obtain a permanent magnet rotor assembly a, which is otherwise the same as example 2.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 example 5 is different in that the shaft core was not assembled to the magnetic ring green compact obtained in step (3), and accordingly, only the magnetic ring green compact was subjected to sintering and heat treatment in step (4), and only the inner and outer circular grinding of the magnetic ring in step (5), the other being the same as in example 2.
In other embodiments of the present invention, when the permanent magnetic alloy material in step (1) is a 1:5 type rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnetic material, the hydrogen pressure in step (2) may also be any value between 0.1MPa, 0.2MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa, and 0.1MPa and 0.5 MPa; the hydrogen absorption time can be any value of 1h, 3h, 7h, 10h and 1 h-10 h; the average particle size of the powder obtained after hydrogen disruption can be any value of 50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm and 50 μm-300 μm; the average particle size of the magnetic powder prepared by the jet milling can be any value of 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 6 μm and 2 μm-6 μm;
the magnetic field intensity oriented in the step (3) can be any value among 1T, 3T, 4T and 1T-4T; the pressure of the isostatic pressing may be any of 100MPa, 200MPa, 300MPa, 400MPa, and 100MPa to 400 MPa; the dwell time under isostatic pressure may also be any value between 30s, 200s, 500s, 700s, 1000s and 30s to 1000 s; the thickness of the copper sheet wrapped on the surface of the shaft core can be any value of 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 3mm, 6mm, 10mm and 0.05 mm-10 mm; relative magnetic permeability mu of the shaft corerAnd can be any of 1000, 1500, 2000, and greater than 160; the tensile strength of the core may also be any value between 500MPa, 600MPa, 700MPa and greater than 500 MPa; the middle hole of the shaft core can be round, square, oval, polygonal and the like, and is determined according to the design of the motor;
in the step (4), the sintering temperature can be any value between 1100 ℃, 1110 ℃, 1120 ℃, 1130 ℃, 1140 ℃, 1150 ℃ and 1100 ℃ to 1150 ℃; the sintering time can be any value between 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h and 1 h-6 h; the cooling speed of the first cooling procedure of the heat treatment can be any value between 0.1 ℃/min, 0.2 ℃/min, 0.5 ℃/min, 0.7 ℃/min, 1.0 ℃/min and 0.1 ℃/min-1 ℃/min, the cooling end point can be any value between 830 ℃, 840 ℃, 860 ℃, 870 ℃, 890 ℃, 900 ℃ and 830-900 ℃, and the heat preservation time can be any value between 0.5h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h and 0.5 h-3 h; the cooling rate of the second cooling procedure may be any value of 10 ℃/min, 20 ℃/min, 40 ℃/min, 60 ℃/min, 80 ℃/min, 100 ℃/min and between 10 ℃/min and 100 ℃/min, and in this embodiment, the cooling rate is preferably between 10 ℃/min and 50 ℃/min.
In other embodiments of the present invention, when the permanent magnetic alloy material in step (1) is a 2:17 type rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnetic material, the hydrogen pressure in step (2) may also be any value between 0.1MPa, 0.2MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa, and 0.1MPa and 0.5 MPa; the hydrogen absorption time can be any value of 1h, 3h, 7h, 10h and 1 h-10 h; the dehydrogenation temperature can be any value between 200 ℃, 230 ℃, 250 ℃, 300 ℃, 350 ℃ and 200-350 ℃, and the dehydrogenation heat preservation time can be any value between 0, 1h, 2h, 4h, 5h and 0-5 h; the average particle size of the powder obtained after hydrogen disruption can be any value of 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm and 50 μm-300 μm; the average particle size of the magnetic powder prepared by the jet milling can be any value of 2 μm, 3 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm and 2 μm-6 μm;
the magnetic field intensity oriented in the step (3) can be any value among 1T, 3T, 4T and 1T-4T; the pressure of the isostatic pressing may be any of 100MPa, 200MPa, 300MPa, 400MPa, and 100MPa to 400 MPa; the dwell time under isostatic pressure may also be any value between 30s, 200s, 500s, 700s, 1000s and 30s to 1000 s; the thickness of the copper sheet wrapped on the surface of the shaft core can be any value of 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 3mm, 6mm, 10mm and 0.05 mm-10 mm; relative magnetic permeability mu of the shaft corerAnd can be any of 1000, 1500, 2000, and greater than 160; the tensile strength of the core may also be any of 500MPa, 600MPa, 700MPa and greater than 500 MPa; the middle hole of the shaft core can be round, square, oval, polygonal and the like, and is determined according to the design of the motor;
in the step (4), the sintering temperature can be 1180 ℃, 1190 ℃, 1200 ℃, 1210 ℃, 1230 ℃, 1250 ℃ or 1180-1250 ℃; the sintering time can be any value between 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h and 1 h-6 h;
the cooling speed of the first cooling procedure of the heat treatment can be any value between 2 ℃/min3 ℃/min, 4 ℃/min and 1 ℃/min-4 ℃/min, the temperature of the cooling end point can be any value between 1100 ℃, 1130 ℃, 1150 ℃, 1180 ℃, 1200 ℃ and 1100 ℃ to 1200 ℃ besides 1180 ℃, the heat preservation time can be any value between 1h, 2h, 4h, 5h and 1h to 5h besides 3h, the cooling speed of the second cooling program (namely, the cooling to the room temperature) can be any value between 10 ℃/min, 20 ℃/min, 40 ℃/min, 60 ℃/min, 80 ℃/min, 100 ℃/min and 10 ℃/min to 100 ℃/min besides 30 ℃/min, and the cooling speed in the embodiment is preferably 10 ℃/min to 50 ℃/min; in the following first temperature raising program, the temperature raising end point can be any value between 750 ℃, 770 ℃, 800 ℃, 850 ℃, 860 ℃ and 750-860 ℃ besides 830 ℃, and the heat preservation time can be any value between 5h, 10h, 20h, 25h, 30h, 35h, 40h and 5 h-40 h besides 15 h; in the third cooling procedure, the cooling speed can be any value between 0.1 ℃/min, 0.3 ℃/min, 0.5 ℃/min, 1 ℃/min, 1.5 ℃/min, 2 ℃/min and 0.1-2 ℃/min besides 0.7 ℃/min, the cooling end point can be any value between 410 ℃, 430 ℃, 480 ℃, 500 ℃ and 400-500 ℃ besides 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time can be any value between 1h, 2h, 4h, 5h and 1-5 h besides 3 h; in the fourth cooling procedure (the final cooling procedure), the cooling rate may be any value of 10 ℃/min, 20 ℃/min, 40 ℃/min, 60 ℃/min, 80 ℃/min, 100 ℃/min and between 10 ℃/min and 100 ℃/min in addition to 30 ℃/min, and in this embodiment, the cooling rate is preferably between 10 ℃/min and 50 ℃/min.
In other embodiments of the present invention, when the permanent magnetic alloy material in step (1) is a rare earth iron-based permanent magnetic material, the hydrogen pressure in step (2) can also be any value between 0.1MPa, 0.2MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa, and 0.1MPa and 0.5 MPa; the hydrogen absorption time can be any value of 1h, 3h, 7h, 10h and 1 h-10 h; the dehydrogenation temperature can be any value between 200 ℃, 230 ℃, 250 ℃, 300 ℃, 350 ℃ and 200-350 ℃, and the dehydrogenation heat preservation time can be any value between 0, 1h, 2h, 4h, 5h and 0-5 h; the average particle size of the powder obtained after hydrogen disruption can be any value of 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm and 50 μm-300 μm; the average particle size of the magnetic powder prepared by the jet milling can be any value of 2 μm, 3 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm and 2 μm-6 μm;
the magnetic field intensity oriented in the step (3) can be any value among 1T, 3T, 4T and 1T-4T; the pressure of the isostatic pressing may be any of 100MPa, 200MPa, 300MPa, 400MPa, and 100MPa to 400 MPa; the dwell time under isostatic pressure may also be any value between 30s, 200s, 500s, 700s, 1000s and 30s to 1000 s; the copper sheets wrapped on the surface of the shaft core can be replaced by aluminum sheets, and the thickness of the copper sheets wrapped on the surface of the shaft core can be any value among 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 3mm, 6mm, 10mm and 0.05 mm-10 mm; relative magnetic permeability mu of the shaft corerAnd can be any of 1000, 1500, 2000, and greater than 160; the tensile strength of the core may also be any value between 500MPa, 600MPa, 700MPa and greater than 500 MPa; the middle hole of the shaft core can be round, square, oval, polygonal and the like, and is determined according to the design of the motor;
in the step (4), the sintering temperature can be any value between 1050 ℃, 1060 ℃, 1080 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1120 ℃ and 1050 ℃ to 1120 ℃ besides 1070 ℃; the sintering time can be any value of 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 6h and 1 h-6 h;
and cooling the sintered rotor assembly A to room temperature at a cooling speed of 30 ℃/min, then heating to 890 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 30 ℃/min, then heating to 490 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, and cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 30 ℃/min to obtain a permanent magnet rotor assembly B with an integrated shaft core and magnet ring.
The cooling speed of the first cooling program (cooling to room temperature) of the heat treatment can be any value between 10 ℃/min, 20 ℃/min, 40 ℃/min, 60 ℃/min, 80 ℃/min, 100 ℃/min and 10 ℃/min-100 ℃/min besides 30 ℃/min, and the cooling speed in the embodiment is preferably 10 ℃/min-50 ℃/min; in the next first temperature raising program, the temperature raising end point can be any value between 850 ℃, 860 ℃, 880 ℃, 900 ℃, 920 ℃, 950 ℃ and 850-950 ℃ besides 890 ℃, and the heat preservation time can be any value between 2h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h and 2 h-7 h besides 3 h; in the second cooling procedure (cooling to room temperature), the cooling rate can be any value of 10 ℃/min, 20 ℃/min, 40 ℃/min, 60 ℃/min, 80 ℃/min, 100 ℃/min and 10 ℃/min-100 ℃/min besides 30 ℃/min, and the cooling rate in the embodiment is preferably 10 ℃/min-50 ℃/min; in the second temperature raising program, the temperature raising end point can be any value between 450 ℃, 460 ℃, 480 ℃, 510 ℃, 550 ℃, 600 ℃ and 450-600 ℃ besides 490 ℃, and the heat preservation time can be any value between 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h and 3 h-10 h besides 5 h; in the third cooling procedure (cooling to room temperature), the cooling rate can be any value of 10 ℃/min, 20 ℃/min40 ℃/min, 60 ℃/min, 80 ℃/min, 100 ℃/min and between 10 ℃/min and 100 ℃/min besides 30 ℃/min, and in this embodiment, the cooling rate is preferably between 10 ℃/min and 50 ℃/min.
In other embodiments of the present invention, when the material of the shaft core is refractory material, the material of the shaft core may be refractory ceramic material, other refractory material such as super alloy, tungsten alloy, molybdenum alloy, etc., or conventional alloy shaft core with a refractory layer coated on the surface, and the coating method may be magnetron sputtering, CVD or ion coating, the refractory layer has a temperature 30 ℃ higher than the sintering temperature of the magnetic ring, and the refractory layer may be TiN layer, TiC layer or ZrO layer2And (3) a layer.
In other embodiments of the present invention, when the surface of the magnetic ring is provided with dimples, the dimples may be cut or may be dimples arranged in other manners, the number and the specific size of the dimples are determined according to the condition of eddy current generated during operation of the motor, the number of the dimples may be any value between 2, 10, 15, 20, and 2 to 20, the width of the dimples may be any value between 0.1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, and 0.1mm to 5mm, and the depth of the dimples may be any value between 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, and 1/4 to 3/4 of the radial thickness.
The dimensions of the magnetic ring and the shaft core in the rotor assemblies prepared in the embodiment of the invention and the comparative example are the same.
The finished products prepared in the embodiments 1-9 and the comparative example 1 of the invention are subjected to performance tests, and the test results are shown in table 1, wherein the test method of the bonding force between the magnetic ring and the shaft core comprises the following steps: testing by using a universal testing machine, wherein an upper pressure head is propped against the shaft core, a lower pressure head is propped against the magnetic ring, pressure is relatively applied, the magnetic ring is cracked or the magnetic ring is separated from the shaft core as an end point, and the measured maximum force is the bonding force between the magnetic ring and the shaft core; other properties were tested according to standard methods.
Table 1: properties of the finished products obtained in the examples of the invention and the comparative examples
Comparing the tensile strength of the shaft core in the products of embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention with the original tensile strength of the shaft core, it can be seen that the tensile strength of the shaft core is greatly reduced after the heat treatment, so that when the rotor mass is large or the motor rotation speed is high, the shaft core assembled with the magnetic ring and heat-treated together is not suitable for use as the shaft core, and at this time, the high-strength magnetic alloy steel needs to be used as the shaft core instead.
In comparison with example 2, in example 5, when no alloy sheet with a low melting point is placed between the shaft core and the magnetic ring, the bonding force between the two is greatly reduced, so that the shaft core is easier to take out.
Comparing example 6 with example 5, it can be seen that when the shaft core is made of a high temperature resistant material, the shaft core does not undergo atomic diffusion and mutual fusion with the magnetic ring during sintering and heat treatment, so that the bonding force between the shaft core and the magnetic ring can be greatly reduced, and the shaft core can be very easily taken out.
Comparing embodiment 7 with embodiment 5, it can be seen that the use of a faster cooling rate results in a larger internal stress between the magnetic ring and the shaft core, thereby reducing the bonding force between the magnetic ring and the shaft core and making the shaft core easier to take out.
Comparing example 8 with example 2, it is found that when a plurality of dents are provided on the magnetic ring of the rotor assembly to divide the magnetic ring into a plurality of pieces, the maximum temperature rise of the rotor under the high-speed operation of 40000r/min is reduced by 23 ℃ compared with the maximum temperature rise of the rotor without dents, and it can be seen that the arrangement of the dents on the magnetic ring can significantly improve the service performance of the rotor.
The method in the comparative example 1 is adopted for preparing the magnetic ring, the qualification rate of finished products is totally 50% -60%, the qualification rate of finished products prepared in the embodiment 5 or 6 of the invention can reach more than 95%, the qualification rate of finished products prepared in the embodiment 7 can reach more than 91%, and the qualification rate of products is greatly improved.
In summary, the present invention provides a method for preparing a permanent magnet rotor assembly with a shaft core (i.e. a composite of a magnet ring and the shaft core) and a permanent magnet rotor assembly comprising only a magnet ring. The permanent magnet rotor assembly with the shaft core prepared in the invention only needs to be integrally processed, so that the separate machining process of a magnet and the subsequent magnetic steel assembly process in the traditional permanent magnet rotor assembly preparation process can be omitted, the method is efficient and simple, and the method is suitable for preparing general motor rotors and high-speed motor rotors. For the permanent magnet rotor assembly only comprising the magnetic ring, the inner stress generated inside the magnetic ring can be greatly reduced and the magnetic ring is prevented from cracking due to the support of the shaft core in the preparation process of the magnetic ring, so that the yield can be greatly improved, and the preparation cost is reduced.
When the permanent magnet rotor assembly with the shaft core is prepared by the preparation method, the diffusion reaction between the magnetic ring and the shaft core is enhanced as much as possible; when the preparation method of the invention is adopted to prepare the permanent magnet rotor component only comprising the magnetic ring, the diffusion reaction between the magnetic ring and the shaft core is weakened as much as possible.
The rotor assembly prepared by the invention can be assembled or not assembled with the non-magnetic conductive alloy round sleeve according to the design requirement of the motor. The magnetizing orientation direction of the permanent magnet is not limited to the radial direction, and can be designed into the axial direction, the oblique direction (forming a certain included angle with the axial direction and the radial direction), the multi-pole orientation, the radiation orientation and other directions according to the requirements of the motor.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a permanent magnet rotor component is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing magnetic powder, wherein the magnetic powder is made of a permanent magnet alloy material;
s2, preparing a rotor assembly A, wherein the rotor assembly A comprises a central shaft core and a magnetic ring green body outside the shaft core, magnetic powder is oriented and pressed around the shaft core by taking the shaft core as the center under a magnetic field to form the magnetic ring green body on the periphery of the shaft core, and a permanent magnet rotor assembly A with the shaft core and the magnetic ring green body is obtained, or the magnetic powder is independently oriented and pressed into a hollow magnetic ring green body under the magnetic field, and then the shaft core is assembled to the hollow position of the magnetic ring green body, so that the permanent magnet rotor assembly A with the shaft core and the magnetic ring green body is obtained;
a layer of low-melting-point alloy sheet is arranged between the shaft core and the magnetic ring green body in advance, and the shaft core is made of magnetic conduction alloy steel; when the permanent magnet alloy material is a rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material, the low-melting-point alloy sheet is a copper sheet, and when the permanent magnet alloy material is a rare earth iron-based permanent magnet material, the low-melting-point alloy sheet is an aluminum sheet or a copper sheet;
s3, integrally sintering and integrally heat-treating the rotor assembly A to obtain a rotor assembly B with an integrated shaft core and magnetic ring;
and S4, machining the rotor assembly B to obtain a finished permanent magnet rotor assembly.
2. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet alloy material is a rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material or a rare earth iron-based permanent magnet material, and the rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material is a 1:5 type rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material or a 2:17 type rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the mandrel is a hollow mandrel.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the material of the shaft core is a high-temperature resistant material, and the high-temperature resistant material comprises superalloy, molybdenum, tungsten, and high-temperature resistant ceramic; or a high temperature resistant layer is formed on the surface of the shaft core in advance by magnetron sputtering, CVD or ion plating.
5. The preparation method of claim 2, wherein when the permanent magnet alloy material is a 1:5 type rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material, the integral sintering in step S3 is to heat the rotor assembly a to 1100-1150 ℃ for 1-6 h, and the integral heat treatment is to cool the sintered rotor assembly a to 830-900 ℃ at a cooling rate of 0.1-1 ℃/min and to preserve the temperature for 0.5-3 h, and then to cool the rotor assembly a to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10-100 ℃/min;
when the permanent magnet alloy material is a 2:17 type rare earth cobalt-based permanent magnet material, the integral sintering in the step S3 is to heat the rotor assembly A to 1180-1250 ℃ for 1-6 h, the integral heat treatment is to cool the sintered rotor assembly A to 1100-1200 ℃ at a cooling rate of 1-4 ℃/min, preserve heat for 1-5 h, cool to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10-100 ℃/min, heat to 750-860 ℃ for 5-40 h, slowly cool to 400-500 ℃ at a cooling rate of 0.1-2 ℃/min, preserve heat for 1-5 h, and cool to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10-100 ℃/min;
when the permanent magnet alloy material is a rare earth iron-based permanent magnet material, the integral sintering in the step S3 is to heat the rotor assembly A to 1050-1120 ℃ for 1-6 h, the integral heat treatment is to cool the rotor assembly A to room temperature at a cooling speed of 10-100 ℃/min, heat the rotor assembly A to 850-950 ℃ for 2-7 h, cool the rotor assembly A to room temperature at a cooling speed of 10-100 ℃/min, heat the rotor assembly A to 450-600 ℃ for 3-10 h, and cool the rotor assembly A to room temperature at a cooling speed of 10-100 ℃/min.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the machining in step S4 includes providing a plurality of circumferential indents on the surface of the magnet ring, and filling the indents with resin or high temperature glue.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the machining in step S4 includes taking out the shaft core in the rotor assembly B.
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