CN103996518B - A kind of forming method of Nd-Fe-B rare earth permanent magnetic material - Google Patents
A kind of forming method of Nd-Fe-B rare earth permanent magnetic material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the forming method of a kind of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet; in lutation magnetic field presser, the material weighed is put into mould cavity after assembling under nitrogen protection; afterwards seaming chuck is loaded die cavity; then mould is sent into the orientation space of electric magnet; alloy powder in mould is pressurizeed and pressurize; then magnetic piece is demagnetized; afterwards mould is withdrawn into dress powder position; open mould magnetic piece taking-up plastics or gum cover to be packed by magnetic piece; magnetic piece after packaging is put into charging tray batch and is taken out from lutation magnetic field presser, sends into isostatic pressing machine and carries out isostatic pressed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to permanent magnet devices field, particularly relate to the forming method of a kind of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet.
Background technology
Nd-Fe-B rare earth permanent magnetic material, is more and more applied with the magnetic property that it is excellent, is widely used in the NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)-imaging of medical treatment, computer hard disc driver, sound equipment, mobile phone etc.；Along with energy-conservation and low-carbon economy requirement, Nd-Fe-B rare earth permanent magnetic material starts again at auto parts and components, household electrical appliance, energy-conservation and control motor, hybrid vehicle, and field of wind power generation is applied.
Nineteen eighty-two, first SUMITOMO CHEMICAL particulate metal company disclosed the Japan Patent 1 of Nd-Fe-B rare earth permanent magnetic material, 622,492 and 2,137,496, apply for United States Patent (USP) and European patent immediately, disclose the characteristic of Nd-Fe-B rare earth permanent magnetic material, composition and manufacture method, confirm principal phase: Nd2Fe14B phase, Grain-Boundary Phase: rich-Nd phase, rich B phase and rare earth oxide impurity.
On April 1st, 2007, Japanese Hitachi Metals merged with SUMITOMO CHEMICAL metal, and inherited the right and duty of the patent grant of the Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet of Sumitomo Metal Industries.On August 17th, 2012, Hitachi Metals, in order to propose lawsuit to US International Trade Commission (ITC), proposes it and has a US6 at U. S. application, and 461,565；US6,491,765；US
6,537,385；US 6,527,874 patent.
Patent CN1120507 discloses the manufacture method of R-Fe-B based permanent magnet, by mechanical lapping to alloyed powder coarse crushing, then carrying out fine grinding by mechanical lapping, these powder load mould with the filling density of 1.4-3.5g/cm3, and applied field is powerful in the pulsed magnetic field being repeatedly orientated of 10KOe；This invention is magnetized and is orientated complexity, and product magnetic energy product (MGOe)+coercivity (KOe) is more than 59.5, hence it is evident that less than the present invention.
Patent CN1162233C discloses a kind of powder forming unit, and owing to this device does not has prevention nitrogen gas protection box, powder manufacturing process is oxidizable, affects product magnetic property.
Summary of the invention
Prior art is improving magnetic property and is reducing cost Shortcomings, to this end, the present invention finds a kind of new manufacture method and equipment.
Expansion along with the application market of Nd-Fe-B rare earth permanent magnetic material, the problem of rare earth resources shortage is increasingly severe, especially in electronic devices and components, energy-conservation and control motor, auto parts and components, new-energy automobile, the application of field of wind power generation, need more heavy rare earth to improve coercivity.Therefore, how to reduce the use of the use of rare earth, especially heavy rare earth, be pendulum important topic in face of us.Through exploring, it has been found that a kind of high-performance Ne-Fe-B rare earth permanent magnet device making method.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of forming method of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet, the permanent-magnet rare-earth NdFeB alloy powder of preamble is loaded under nitrogen protection nitrogen protection lutation magnetic field presser, in lutation magnetic field presser, the material weighed is put into mould cavity after assembling under nitrogen protection, afterwards seaming chuck is loaded die cavity, then mould is sent into the orientation space of electric magnet, interval to the alloy powder pressurization in mould and pressurize at alignment magnetic field, then magnetic piece is demagnetized, after demagnetization, hydraulic cylinder resets, afterwards mould is withdrawn into dress powder position, open mould magnetic piece taking-up plastics or gum cover to be packed by magnetic piece, the most again mould is assembled, circulation operation, magnetic piece after packaging is put into charging tray batch and is taken out from lutation magnetic field presser, send into isostatic pressing machine and carry out isostatic pressed.
With packaging, magnetic piece is sent into after described isostatic pressed the nitrogen protection material feeding box of vacuum sintering furnace, in nitrogen protection material feeding box, by glove, magnetic piece is removed packaging, load sintering magazine.
With packaging, magnetic piece is sent into prevention nitrogen gas protection box after described isostatic pressed, in prevention nitrogen gas protection box, by glove, magnetic piece is removed packaging, load sintering magazine.
Described mould is placed on mould bases, it is clipped in the middle of two electric magnet poles during molding, hollow former that mould is made up of the biside plate contacted with electric magnet pole, header board, back plate and upper push-down head, biside plate is permeability magnetic material, header board, back plate and upper push-down head are non-magnet material, seaming chuck material average density is less than 6g/cm, and one-shot forming can suppress one or more magnetic piece.
Electric magnet pole and the field coil of described nitrogen protection lutation magnetic field presser are connected with cooling medium, and cooling medium is water, oil or cold-producing medium, and the space temperature placing mould being made up of electric magnet pole and field coil during molding is less than 25 DEG C.
Described cooling medium is water, oil or cold-producing medium, and the space temperature placing mould being made up of electric magnet pole and field coil during molding is higher than-10 DEG C less than 5 DEG C.
Described isostatic pressed is to be placed in by packaged magnetic piece in isostatic pressing machine has a high-pressure chamber, and in cavity, remaining space hydraulic oil is full of, and after sealing pressurize hydraulic oil in cavity, maximum pressure scope 150-300MPa of pressurizeing, by magnetic piece taking-up after pressure release.
Described isostatic pressing machine has two high-pressure chambers, one cavity is enclosed within the outside of another cavity, form an inner chamber body and an outer chamber, load in the inner chamber body of isostatic pressing machine with wrapped magnetic piece, the hydraulically full medium of remaining space in inner chamber body, the outer chamber of isostatic pressing machine is filled with hydraulic oil, it is connected with the device producing high pressure, the hydraulic fluid pressure of outer chamber passes to inner chamber body by the spacer between inner chamber body, and inner chamber body produces high pressure the most therewith, pressure limit 150-300MPa of inner chamber body.
nullA kind of manufacture method of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet，First raw material is smelted into alloy and makes rapid hardening alloy sheet，Then carry out hydrogen to crush and airflow milling powder，After powder process, the powder in collector is carried out batch mixing，After batch mixing, alloy powder is loaded under nitrogen protection nitrogen protection lutation magnetic field presser，In lutation magnetic field presser, the material weighed is put into mould cavity after assembling under nitrogen protection，Afterwards seaming chuck is loaded die cavity，Then mould is sent into the orientation space of electric magnet，Interval to the alloy powder pressurization in mould and pressurize at alignment magnetic field，Then magnetic piece is demagnetized，After demagnetization, hydraulic cylinder resets，Afterwards mould is withdrawn into dress powder position，Open mould magnetic piece taking-up plastics or gum cover to be packed by magnetic piece，The most again mould is assembled，Circulation operation，Magnetic piece after packaging is put into charging tray batch and is taken out from lutation magnetic field presser，Send into isostatic pressing machine and carry out isostatic pressed，With packaging, magnetic piece is sent into after isostatic pressed the nitrogen protection material feeding box of vacuum sintering furnace，In nitrogen protection material feeding box, by glove, magnetic piece is removed packaging，Load sintering magazine，Send into vacuum sintering furnace sintering afterwards，Then timeliness is carried out，Make sintered magnet，Sintered magnet is carried out machining the most again and surface processes，Make rare earth permanent magnet device.
Rapid hardening alloy sheet made by the described alloy that is smelted into by raw material, first R-Fe-B-M raw material is heated to more than 500 DEG C under vacuum, is filled with argon afterwards and continues heat R-Fe-B-M melting sources and be refined into molten alloy, adds T in the process2O3Oxide micropowder, afterwards by melted aluminium alloy by trough casting to the rotating roller of band water cooling, forms alloy sheet；
Wherein R represents more than one that comprise in the rare earth element of Nd；
One or more in M representative element Al, Co, Nb, Ga, Zr, Cu, V, Ti, Cr, Ni, Hf element；
T2O3Represent oxide Dy2O3、Tb2O3、Ho2O3、Y2O3、Al2O3、Ti2O3In one or more；
Described T2O3The addition of oxide micropowder: 0≤T2O3≤2%；
Preferably T2O3The addition of oxide micropowder: 0 ＜ T2O3≤0.8%；
Preferably T2O3Oxide micropowder is Al2O3And Dy2O3In more than one；
Further preferred T2O3Oxide micropowder is Al2O3；
Further preferably T2O3Oxide micropowder is Dy2O3；
The described alloy that is smelted into by raw material makes rapid hardening alloy sheet, first by R-Fe-B-M raw material and T2O3Oxide micropowder is heated to more than 500 DEG C under vacuum, it is filled with argon continuation heating afterwards and R-Fe-B-M melting sources is become alloy, by melted aluminium alloy by trough casting to the rotating roller of band water cooling after refine, molten alloy forms alloy sheet after rotating roller cools down.
Described hydrogen broken first the loading by the alloy sheet of preamble that carry out alloy sheet rotates in cylinder, hydrogen it is filled with by absorption hydrogen after evacuation, control absorption hydrogen temperature at 20-300 DEG C, then rotate cylinder and carry out heating and evacuation dehydrogenation, dehydrogenation holding temperature 500-900 DEG C, temperature retention time 3-15 hour, insulation stops heating, withdraws heating furnace to cylinder cooling after terminating, and continue to rotate cylinder and evacuation, temperature is less than 500 DEG C, to cylinder water-spraying control.
Described carries out the hydrogen broken employing broken equipment of continuous hydrogen to alloy sheet; material frame equipped with RE permanent magnetic alloy sheet; under the driving of actuating device, order is by the suction hydrogen room of the broken equipment of continuous hydrogen, Heating Dehydrogenation room, cooling chamber; discharge chamber is entered by outlet valve; alloy sheet after hydrogen is broken is derived from material frame, falls into the storage tank of discharge chamber bottom, is encapsulated by storage tank under nitrogen protection; material frame removes from the discharge door of discharge chamber, and charging Posterior circle runs again；Described suction hydrogen temperature 50-350 DEG C inhaling hydrogen room, described Heating Dehydrogenation room more than one, desorption temperature 600-900 DEG C, described cooling chamber more than one.
The described broken equipment of continuous hydrogen has two Heating Dehydrogenation rooms, and material frame stops two Heating Dehydrogenation rooms successively, in time of staying of single Heating Dehydrogenation room at 2-6 hour；Described continuous hydrogen breaks equipment and has two cooling chambers, and material frame stops two cooling chambers successively, in time of staying of single cooling chamber at 2-6 hour.
Described Heating Dehydrogenation is filled with quantitative hydrogen before terminating.
Lubricant or antioxidant are added storage tank by described being put into by storage tank before batch mixer carries out front batch mixing.
The described batch mixer that is put into by storage tank is carried out T before front batch mixing2O3Oxide micropowder adds storage tank.
Before described airflow milling powder, hydrogen alloy sheet after broken is joined batch mixer and carries out front batch mixing, add during front batch mixing antioxidant and lubricant more than one.
Before described airflow milling powder, hydrogen alloy sheet after broken is joined batch mixer and carries out front batch mixing, add during front batch mixing oxide micropowder more than one.
Alloy sheet after being crushed by hydrogen before described airflow milling powder joins batch mixer and carries out front batch mixing, adds T during front batch mixing2O3Oxide micropowder is Y2O3、Al2O3And Dy2O3In more than one.
Alloy sheet after being crushed by hydrogen before described airflow milling powder joins batch mixer and carries out front batch mixing, adds T during front batch mixing2O3Oxide micropowder is Y2O3。
Alloy sheet after being crushed by hydrogen before described airflow milling powder joins batch mixer and carries out front batch mixing, adds T during front batch mixing2O3Oxide micropowder is Al2O3。
Alloy sheet after being crushed by hydrogen before described airflow milling powder joins batch mixer and carries out front batch mixing, adds T during front batch mixing2O3Oxide micropowder is Dy2O3。
Described airflow milling powder, use nitrogen protection airflow milling powder, first the hydrogen after batch mixing is crushed powder and loads the hopper of feeder, by feeder, powder joined mill room, the high velocity air utilizing nozzle to spray carries out grinding, powder after grinding enters centrifugal separation polling powder with air-flow, the not up to coarse powder of powder process granularity returns to grind room continuation grinding under the influence of centrifugal force, reach after the fine powder of granularity is sorted, to enter cyclone collector by separation wheel to collect, a small amount of fine powder can be discharged along with the air-flow of cyclone collector exhaustor, enter back into rear cyclone collector to collect, rear cyclone collector expellant gas enters back into the air inlet pipe of nozzle after compressor compresses and cooler cool down, nitrogen circulation uses.
The described powder entering cyclone collector collection is collected in the mixed powder machine of cyclone collector bottom by the valve of alternation switch, the powder that after entrance, cyclone collector is collected is collected in the mixed powder machine of cyclone collector bottom also by the valve of alternation switch, and powder loads rewinding tank after mixing in mixed powder machine.
Powder and the powder of rear cyclone collector collection that described cyclone collector is collected are imported in rewinding tank by collector.
The rear cyclone collector that the powder that after described entrance, cyclone collector is collected is 2-6 in parallel is collected.
The rear cyclone collector of powder in parallel 4 that after described entrance, cyclone collector is collected is collected.
It is sent on batch mixer carry out rear batch mixing after described airflow milling powder, the powder mean particle sizes 1.6-2.9 μm after rear batch mixing.
It is sent on batch mixer carry out rear batch mixing after described airflow milling powder, the powder mean particle sizes 2.1-2.8 μm after rear batch mixing.
Described sintering is under nitrogen protection magnetic piece to be sent into continuous vacuum sintering furnace to be sintered, under the drive of actuating device, bin equipped with magnetic piece sequentially enters the preparation room of continuous vacuum sintering furnace, pre-thermal debinding room, first degassing room, second degassing room, presintering room, agglomerating chamber, timeliness room and cooling chamber carry out preheating and slough organic impurities, and then Heating Dehydrogenation degassing, presintering, sintering, timeliness and cooling, take out from continuous vacuum sintering furnace after cooling and be re-fed in vacuum aging stove carrying out secondary ageing, secondary ageing temperature 450-650 DEG C, rapid cooling after secondary ageing, make sintered NdFeB rear-earth permanent magnet, sintered NdFeB rear-earth permanent magnet processes through machining and surface and makes neodymium iron boron rare earth permanent magnet device.
Described bin is introduced into charging chamber before the preparation room entering continuous vacuum sintering furnace, and the magnetic piece after isostatic pressed removes packaging in charging chamber, loads magazine, then magazine is contained on bin, afterwards under actuator drives, by valve, bin is sent into preparation room.
Described vacuum presintering is to carry out at continuous vacuum pre-burning freezing of a furnace, magazine equipped with the magnetic piece after molding is contained on sintering bin, under the drive of actuating device, sintering bin sequentially enters the preparation room of continuous vacuum pre-burning freezing of a furnace, defat room, first degassing room, second degassing room, 3rd degassing room, first presintering room, second presintering room and cooling chamber carry out pre-thermal debinding, Heating Dehydrogenation deaerates, presintering and cooling, cooling uses argon, sinter bin after cooling to be installed to by magazine again timeliness bin from the taking-up of continuous vacuum pre-burning freezing of a furnace, timeliness bin plays and sends into the preheating chamber of continuous vacuum sintering aging furnace, heating chamber, agglomerating chamber, high-temperature aging room, fore-cooling room, low temperature aging room and cooling chamber are sintered, high-temperature aging, precool, low temperature aging and quick air cooling.
Described preheating skimming temp scope is at 200-400 DEG C, Heating Dehydrogenation degassing temperature scope is at 400-900 DEG C, pre-sintering temperature scope is at 900-1050 DEG C, sintering range is at 1010-1085 DEG C, high-temperature aging temperature range is at 800-950 DEG C, low temperature aging temperature range, at 450-650 DEG C, sends into cooling chamber argon or nitrogen rapid cooling after insulation.
Described preheating skimming temp scope is at 200-400 DEG C, Heating Dehydrogenation degassing temperature scope is at 550-850 DEG C, pre-sintering temperature scope is at 960-1025 DEG C, sintering range is at 1030-1070 DEG C, high-temperature aging temperature range is at 860-940 DEG C, low temperature aging temperature range, at 460-640 DEG C, sends into cooling chamber argon or nitrogen rapid cooling after insulation.
Described presintering vacuum is higher than 5 × 10-1Pa, sintering vacuum is 5 × 10-1Pa to 5 × 10-3In the range of Pa.
Described presintering vacuum is higher than 5Pa, and sintering vacuum, in the range of 500Pa to 5000Pa, is filled with argon during sintering.
Effective width 400-800mm of described sintering bin, effective width 300-400mm of timeliness bin,
The magnet density scope of described presintering is at 7.2-7.5g/cm3, the magnet density scope of sintering is at 7.5-7.7g/cm3。
Described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is made up of principal phase and Grain-Boundary Phase, and principal phase has R2(Fe, Co)14B structure, wherein principal phase heavy rare earth HR content in the range of outer rim inside 1/3 is higher than the heavy rare earth HR content of principal phase center, Grain-Boundary Phase exists small Dineodymium trioxide microgranule, R represent comprise Nd rare earth element more than one, HR represents more than one in Dy, Tb, Ho, Y rare earth element.
The structure of described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet has at R2(Fe1-xCox)14The surrounding of B crystal grain surrounds heavy rare earth content higher than R2(Fe1-xCox)14The ZR of B phase2(Fe1-xCox)14The structure of B phase, ZR2(Fe1-xCox)14B phase and R2(Fe1-xCox)14Without Grain-Boundary Phase between B, ZR2(Fe1-xCox)14Connected by Grain-Boundary Phase between B phase；In literary composition, ZR represents that heavy rare earth content is higher than the rare earth of the phase of the content of the heavy rare earth in average content of rare earth in crystalline phase；0≤x≤0.5.
Two or more ZR in the structure of described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet2(Fe1-xCox)14There is small Dineodymium trioxide microgranule in the Grain-Boundary Phase of the intersection of B phase crystal grain, the oxygen content in crystal boundary is higher than the oxygen content in principal phase.
The crystallite dimension 3-25 μm of the sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet that the manufacture method of described sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet manufactures, preferably 5-15 μm.
During sintering after temperature is more than 500 DEG C, rich R phase starts gradually to melt, and after temperature is more than 800 DEG C, the kinetic energy of thawing strengthens, magnetic piece gradually alloying, and the distinguishing feature of the present invention is while alloying, rare earth diffusion and displacement reaction occurs, is distributed in R2(Fe1-xCox)14HR element around B phase and T2O3HR element in oxide micropowder and R2(Fe1-xCox)14The Nd of B phase periphery replaces, and along with the lengthening of the time of reaction, increasing Nd is replaced by HR, forms the ZR that HR content is higher2(Fe1-xCox)14B phase, ZR2(Fe1-xCox)14B phase is enclosed in R2(Fe1-xCox)14The periphery of B phase, forms ZR2(Fe1-xCox)14B phase surrounds R2(Fe1-xCox)14The new construction principal phase of B phase；Nd is preferentially combined with O after entering crystal boundary, forms small Nd2O3Microgranule, Nd2O3Granule effectively suppresses R in crystal boundary2Fe14Growing up of B phase, especially Nd2O3When granule is positioned at the intersection of two or more crystal grain, effectively suppressing the fusion of crystal grain, limit the abnormal growth of crystal grain, hence it is evident that improve the coercivity of magnet, therefore a distinguishing feature of the present invention is to there is Nd in the crystal boundary intersection of two or more crystal grain2O3Granule；Test finds that Grain-Boundary Phase unit have Nd, Co, Al, Ga, O.
Detailed description of the invention
The remarkable result of the present invention is further illustrated below by the contrast of embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Press composition Nd30Dy1Co1.2Cu0.1B0.9Al0.1 FeSurplusChoose alloy 600Kg and add heat fusing, add oxide Dy2O3Micropowder, is cooled into alloy sheet by alloy casting in the molten state in the rotary copper roller of band water cooling；nullUse continuous vacuum hydrogen crushing furnace hydrogen broken，First the R-Fe-B-M alloy sheet of preamble is loaded the charging basket played，Order sends into the suction hydrogen room of continuous hydrogen crushing furnace、Heating Dehydrogenation room、Cooling chamber carries out inhaling hydrogen respectively、Heating Dehydrogenation and cooling，Then under protective atmosphere, hydrogen alloy after broken is loaded storage tank，Batch mixing is carried out after hydrogen is broken，The nitrogen protection airflow milling using the present invention to have cyclone collector after 2 after batch mixing carries out airflow milling powder，Airflow milling atmosphere oxygen content 0-50ppm，Powder that cyclone collection arrives and the fines collection that rear cyclone collector is collected are at rewinding tank，Lutation magnetic field presser molding is protected under nitrogen protection with the nitrogen delivering to the present invention after batch mixer batch mixing，Oxygen content in guard box is less than 190ppm，Alignment magnetic field 1.8T，Mould cavity temperature is less than 3 DEG C，Magnetic piece size 62 × 52 × 42mm,Differently-oriented directivity is 42 dimensional directions，Encapsulate in guard box after shaping，Then take out and carry out isostatic pressed，Hydrostatic pressure 150-180MPa，It is sintered afterwards and timeliness，Make sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet；Take out afterwards and carry out machining, be processed into square piece 50 × 30 × 20 mm, after plating, make rare earth permanent magnet device；Test result lists table one in.
Embodiment 2
Press composition Nd30Dy1Co1.2Cu0.1B0.9Al0.1 FeSurplusChoose alloy 600Kg and add heat fusing, in the molten state alloy casting is cooled into alloy sheet in the rotary copper roller of band water cooling；Use vacuum hydrogen crushing furnace hydrogen broken, after hydrogen is broken, carry out batch mixing, during batch mixing, add oxide Y2O3Micropowder and lubricant, the nitrogen protection airflow milling using the present invention to have cyclone collector after 3 after batch mixing carries out airflow milling powder, airflow milling atmosphere oxygen content 0-40ppm, powder that cyclone collection arrives and the fines collection that rear cyclone collector is collected are at rewinding tank, lutation magnetic field presser molding is protected under nitrogen protection with the nitrogen delivering to the present invention after batch mixer batch mixing, oxygen content in guard box is less than 150ppm, alignment magnetic field 1.5T, mould cavity temperature is less than 4 DEG C, magnetic piece size 62 × 52 × 42mm, differently-oriented directivity is 42 dimensional directions, encapsulate in guard box after shaping, then take out and carry out isostatic pressed, it is sintered and timeliness after hydrostatic pressure 185-195MPa, make sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet；Take out afterwards and carry out machining, be processed into square piece 50 × 30 × 20 mm, after plating, make rare earth permanent magnet device；Test result lists table one in.
Embodiment 3
Press composition Nd30Dy1Co1.2Cu0.1B0.9Al0.1 FeSurplusChoose alloy 600Kg and add heat fusing, in the molten state alloy casting is cooled into alloy sheet in the rotary copper roller of band water cooling；Use vacuum hydrogen crushing furnace hydrogen broken, after hydrogen is broken, carry out batch mixing, during batch mixing, add oxide Al2O3Micropowder, the nitrogen protection airflow milling using the present invention to have cyclone collector after 4 after batch mixing carries out airflow milling powder, airflow milling atmosphere oxygen content 0-20ppm, powder that cyclone collection arrives and the fines collection that rear cyclone collector is collected are at rewinding tank, lutation magnetic field presser molding is protected under nitrogen protection with the nitrogen delivering to the present invention after batch mixer batch mixing, oxygen content in guard box is less than 110ppm, alignment magnetic field 2.0T, mould cavity temperature is less than 5 DEG C, magnetic piece size 62 × 52 × 42mm, differently-oriented directivity is 42 dimensional directions, encapsulate in guard box after shaping, then take out and carry out isostatic pressed, it is sintered and timeliness after hydrostatic pressure 190-240MPa, make sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet；Take out afterwards and carry out machining, be processed into square piece 50 × 30 × 20 mm, after plating, make rare earth permanent magnet device；Test result lists table one in.
Embodiment 4
Press composition Nd30Dy1Co1.2Cu0.1B0.9Al0.1 FeSurplusChoose alloy 600Kg and add heat fusing, in the molten state alloy casting is cooled into alloy sheet in the rotary copper roller of band water cooling；Use vacuum hydrogen crushing furnace hydrogen broken, after hydrogen is broken, carry out batch mixing, during batch mixing, add oxide Dy2O3Micropowder, the nitrogen protection airflow milling using the present invention to have cyclone collector after 5 after batch mixing carries out airflow milling powder, airflow milling atmosphere oxygen content 0-18ppm, powder that cyclone collection arrives and the fines collection that rear cyclone collector is collected are at rewinding tank, lutation magnetic field presser molding is protected under nitrogen protection with the nitrogen delivering to the present invention after batch mixer batch mixing, oxygen content 0-90ppm in guard box, alignment magnetic field 1.9T, mould cavity temperature 0-25 DEG C, magnetic piece size 62 × 52 × 42mm, differently-oriented directivity is 42 dimensional directions, encapsulate in guard box after shaping, then take out and carry out isostatic pressed, it is sintered and timeliness after hydrostatic pressure 240-300MPa, make sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet；Take out afterwards and carry out machining, be processed into square piece 50 × 30 × 20 mm, after plating, make rare earth permanent magnet device；Test result lists table one in.
Embodiment 5
Press composition Nd30Dy1Co1.2Cu0.1B0.9Al0.1 FeSurplusChoose alloy 600Kg and add heat fusing, in the molten state alloy casting is cooled into alloy sheet in the rotary copper roller of band water cooling；Use vacuum hydrogen crushing furnace hydrogen broken, the nitrogen protection airflow milling using the present invention to have cyclone collector after 6 after hydrogen is broken carries out airflow milling powder, airflow milling atmosphere oxygen content 0-20ppm, powder that cyclone collection arrives and the fines collection that rear cyclone collector is collected are at rewinding tank, lutation magnetic field presser molding is protected under nitrogen protection with the nitrogen delivering to the present invention after batch mixer batch mixing, oxygen content 10-150ppm in guard box, alignment magnetic field 1.6T, mould cavity temperature 6-14 DEG C, magnetic piece size 62 × 52 × 42mm, differently-oriented directivity is 42 dimensional directions, encapsulate in guard box after shaping, then take out and carry out isostatic pressed, it is sintered and timeliness after hydrostatic pressure 26-280MPa, make sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet；Take out afterwards and carry out machining, be processed into square piece 50 × 30 × 20 mm, after plating, make rare earth permanent magnet device；Test result lists table one in.
Comparative example
Press composition Nd30Dy1Co1.2Cu0.1B0.9Al0.1 FeSurplusChoose alloy 600Kg and add heat fusing; in the molten state alloy casting is cooled into alloy sheet on the chill roll of the rotation of band water cooling; then use vacuum hydrogen crushing furnace that alloy sheet is carried out coarse crushing; the airflow milling of prior art is carried out after hydrogen is broken; deliver to the pressing under magnetic field press-molding of current techique afterwards; magnetic piece size 62 × 52 × 42mm; differently-oriented directivity is 42 dimensional directions; encapsulate in guard box after shaping; then take out and carry out isostatic pressed; hydrostatic pressure 210MPa, is sintered afterwards and timeliness, makes sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet；Take out afterwards and carry out machining, be processed into square piece 50 × 30 × 20 mm, after plating, make rare earth permanent magnet device.
The performance measurements of table one, embodiment and comparative example:
By relatively further illustrating of embodiment and comparative example, use the technique of the present invention and equipment to significantly improve magnetic property and the decay resistance of magnet, be technique and the equipment and technology having very much development.
Claims (12)
1. the forming method of a Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet, it is characterized in that: permanent-magnet rare-earth NdFeB alloy powder is loaded under nitrogen protection nitrogen protection lutation magnetic field presser, in lutation magnetic field presser, the material weighed is put into mould cavity after assembling under nitrogen protection, afterwards seaming chuck is loaded die cavity, then mould is sent into the orientation space of electric magnet, interval to the alloy powder pressurization in mould and pressurize at alignment magnetic field, then magnetic piece is demagnetized, after demagnetization, hydraulic cylinder resets, afterwards mould is withdrawn into dress powder position, open mould magnetic piece taking-up plastics or gum cover to be packed by magnetic piece, the most again mould is assembled, circulation operation, magnetic piece after packaging is put into charging tray batch and is taken out from lutation magnetic field presser, send into isostatic pressing machine and carry out isostatic pressed；Described mould is placed on mould bases, it is clipped in the middle of two electric magnet poles during molding, hollow former and upper push-down head that mould is made up of the biside plate contacted with electric magnet pole, header board, back plate are constituted, biside plate is permeability magnetic material, header board, back plate and upper push-down head are non-magnet material, and seaming chuck material average density is less than 6g/cm3, more than one magnetic piece is suppressed in one-shot forming.
The forming method of a kind of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet the most according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: after described isostatic pressed; the nitrogen protection material feeding box of vacuum sintering furnace will be sent into the magnetic piece of packaging; in nitrogen protection material feeding box, by glove, magnetic piece is removed packaging, load sintering magazine.
The forming method of a kind of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet the most according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: after described isostatic pressed; magnetic piece with packaging is sent into prevention nitrogen gas protection box, in prevention nitrogen gas protection box, by glove, magnetic piece is removed packaging, load sintering magazine.
The forming method of a kind of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet the most according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: electric magnet pole and the field coil of described nitrogen protection lutation magnetic field presser are connected with cooling medium; cooling medium is cold-producing medium, and the space temperature placing mould being made up of electric magnet pole and field coil during molding is less than 25 DEG C.
The forming method of a kind of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet the most according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: electric magnet pole and the field coil of described nitrogen protection lutation magnetic field presser are connected with cooling medium; cooling medium is cold-producing medium, and the space temperature placing mould being made up of electric magnet pole and field coil during molding is higher than-10 DEG C less than 5 DEG C.
The forming method of a kind of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described isostatic pressed is to be placed in by packaged magnetic piece in a high-pressure chamber of isostatic pressing machine, in cavity, remaining space hydraulic oil is full of, after sealing, hydraulic oil in cavity is pressurizeed, moulding pressure scope 150-300MPa, takes out magnetic piece after pressure release.
The forming method of a kind of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described isostatic pressing machine has two high-pressure chambers, one cavity is enclosed within the outside of another cavity, form an inner chamber body and an outer chamber, load in the inner chamber body of isostatic pressing machine with wrapped magnetic piece, the hydraulically full medium of remaining space in inner chamber body, the outer chamber of isostatic pressing machine is filled with hydraulic oil, it is connected with the device producing high pressure, the hydraulic fluid pressure of outer chamber passes to inner chamber body by the spacer between inner chamber body, inner chamber body produces high pressure the most therewith, pressure limit 150-300MPa of inner chamber body.
null8. the manufacture method of a Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet，It is characterized in that: first raw material is smelted into alloy，Make rapid hardening alloy sheet，Then carry out hydrogen to crush and airflow milling powder，After powder process, the powder in collector is carried out batch mixing，After batch mixing, alloy powder is loaded under nitrogen protection nitrogen protection lutation magnetic field presser，In lutation magnetic field presser, the material weighed is put into mould cavity after assembling under nitrogen protection，Afterwards seaming chuck is loaded die cavity，Then mould is sent into the orientation space of electric magnet，Interval to the alloy powder pressurization in mould and pressurize at alignment magnetic field，Then magnetic piece is demagnetized，After demagnetization, hydraulic cylinder resets，Afterwards mould is withdrawn into dress powder position，Open mould magnetic piece taking-up plastics or gum cover to be packed by magnetic piece，The most again mould is assembled，Circulation operation，Magnetic piece after packaging is put into charging tray batch and is taken out from lutation magnetic field presser，Send into isostatic pressing machine and carry out isostatic pressed，With packaging, magnetic piece is sent into after isostatic pressed the nitrogen protection material feeding box of vacuum sintering furnace，In nitrogen protection material feeding box, by glove, magnetic piece is removed packaging，Load sintering magazine，Send into vacuum sintering furnace sintering afterwards，Then timeliness is carried out，Make sintered magnet，Sintered magnet is carried out machining the most again and surface processes，Make rare earth permanent magnet device；
Described raw material is smelted into alloy and makes rapid hardening alloy sheet, is that R-Fe-B-M raw material adds heat fusing, adds T2O3Oxide micropowder, 1400-1470 DEG C of refine, by melted aluminium alloy by trough casting to the rotating roller of band water cooling after refine, molten alloy forms alloy sheet after rotating roller cools down, here, R represents more than one the rare earth element comprising Nd, one or more in M representative element Al, Co, Nb, Ga, Zr, Cu, V, Ti, Cr, Ni, Hf element, T2O3Represent oxide Dy2O3、Tb2O3、Ho2O3、Y2O3、Al2O3、Ti2O3In more than one.
The manufacture method of a kind of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the alloy sheet after being crushed by hydrogen before described airflow milling powder joins batch mixer and carries out front batch mixing, front batch mixing laggard row airflow milling, adds T during front batch mixing2O3Oxide micropowder, here T2O3For Y2O3、Al2O3And Dy2O3In more than one.
The manufacture method of a kind of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is made up of principal phase and Grain-Boundary Phase, and principal phase has R2(Fe, Co)14B structure, wherein principal phase heavy rare earth HR content in the range of outer rim inside 1/3 is higher than the heavy rare earth HR content of principal phase center, there is small Dineodymium trioxide microgranule in Grain-Boundary Phase, R represents more than one the rare earth element comprising Nd, and HR represents more than one in Dy, Tb, Ho, Y rare earth element.
The manufacture method of 11. a kind of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnets according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the structure of described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet has at R2(Fe1-xCox)14The surrounding of B crystal grain surrounds heavy rare earth content higher than R2(Fe1-xCox)14The ZR of B phase2(Fe1-xCox)14The structure of B phase, ZR2(Fe1-xCox)14B phase and R2(Fe1-xCox)14Without Grain-Boundary Phase between B, ZR2(Fe1-xCox)14Connected by Grain-Boundary Phase between B phase；In literary composition, ZR represents that heavy rare earth content is higher than the rare earth of the phase of the content of the heavy rare earth in average content of rare earth in crystalline phase；0≤x≤0.5.
The manufacture method of 12. a kind of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnets according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: two or more ZR in the structure of described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet2(Fe1-xCox)14There is small Dineodymium trioxide microgranule in the Grain-Boundary Phase of the intersection of B phase crystal grain, the oxygen content in crystal boundary is higher than the oxygen content in principal phase；In literary composition, ZR represents that heavy rare earth content is higher than the rare earth of the phase of the content of the heavy rare earth in average content of rare earth in crystalline phase.
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| CN106783127A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-31 | 廊坊京磁精密材料有限公司 | NbFeB sintered method based on weather |
| CN110323053B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2022-07-19 | 福建省长汀金龙稀土有限公司 | R-Fe-B sintered magnet and preparation method thereof |
| CN111730055A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-02 | 福建省长汀金龙稀土有限公司 | Profiling die |
| CN111768968B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-03-01 | 福建省长汀金龙稀土有限公司 | Neodymium iron boron profiling system and method |
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