CN110148707A - 一种二次电池正极和制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于一种电池材料技术领域,具体是涉及到一种二次电池正极和制备方法,包括正极活性物质、苯系挥发性有机溶剂、粘结剂和有机弱酸,所述苯系挥发性有机溶剂为甲苯、苯或苯乙烯,所述有机弱酸为醋酸或硼酸,本发明采用苯系易挥发有机溶液、粘结剂、有机弱酸与正极粉末混合,使正极粉末保持一定的湿度,达到极片柔软、降低生产过程粉尘的效果,同时粉末之间粘结效果好,循环寿命长。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于一种电池材料技术领域,具体是涉及到一种二次电池正极和制备方法。
背景技术
在现有二次电池中,通常都采用湿法工艺,湿法工艺因配制成浆料,极片制备过程中容易操作;但因浆料中有大量的增稠剂,增稠剂的作用是便于浆料涂片,但后期在电池中,会使电池内阻增大,容量、寿命等性能下降。在镍电池生产中,部分工厂使用干法工艺,使用水与粘结剂混合,再加入到正极粉末中,这样能减少增稠剂的使用量,但当水的含量增加,粉末太湿,无法上粉到基带上;同时因正极材料在制备过程中,粉末容易存在团聚现象,影响制片。
为了有效粘结,减少粉末的团聚现象,一般可以采用物理和化学方法加强其分散性能。比如采用球磨的方式或添加分散剂的方式,前者如中国专利申请号为CN201611150111.6,其公开了一种减少磷酸铁锂电池正极浆料颗粒团聚的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)按照一定的配比,称取磷酸铁锂粉末、导电剂、粘结剂PVDF和NMP;(2)将NMP、导电剂、磷酸铁锂粉末依次倒入球磨罐中,尽量分散;(3)进行球磨;(4)球磨时间到后,再加入PVDF和少量的NMP到球磨罐中,再球磨,球磨时间到后得到分散性较好的浆料。本发明不仅能够提高浆料的生产效率和颗粒的分散性能。后者如中国专利申请号为CN201710755887.9,其公开了一种石墨烯包覆锂离子二次电池正极材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)Zeta电位的测试及调控;(2)湿法包覆;(3)干燥与烧结。本发明的制备方法,用液相法对锂离子二次电池正极材料进行包覆,对石墨烯浆料采用添加分散剂、超声分散和多功能分散机相结合的方式来解决石墨烯团聚的问题,通过调节溶液的pH值和分散剂的用量调控体系的Zeta电位,来实现石墨烯包覆层与正极材料之间紧密的结合,分散剂包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素和羟乙基纤维素中的一种或几种。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种二次电池正极和制备方法,其制备的正极片柔软,具有合适的干湿程度,粉末的团聚现象明显改善,正极片的均匀性更好。
本发明的内容为一种二次电池正极,包括正极活性物质,还包括苯系挥发性有机溶剂、粘结剂和有机弱酸,所述苯系挥发性有机溶剂为甲苯、苯或苯乙烯,所述有机弱酸为醋酸或硼酸。
优选的,所述粘结剂为聚四氟乙烯或聚偏氟乙烯。
优选的,所述苯系挥发性有机溶剂、粘结剂和有机弱酸的总重量为正极活性物质的重量的1-5%。更优选的,所述苯系挥发性有机溶剂、粘结剂和有机弱酸的总重量为正极活性物质的重量的3%。
优选的,所述苯系挥发性有机溶剂、粘结剂和有机弱酸的重量比为100:(5-15):(0.1-2),更优选的,所述苯系挥发性有机溶剂、粘结剂和有机弱酸的重量比为100:10:1。
优选的,所述正极活性物质为球镍或镍钴锰锂。
本发明还包括一种二次电池正极的制备方法,包括如下步骤,将苯系挥发性有机溶液、粘结剂和有机弱酸混合,得到混合液,将混合液以喷雾的方式加入到正极活性物质中,拉片,滚压,得电池正极片。
本发明的有益效果是,在正极片的制备过程中,为了方便涂片,一般需要使用增稠剂,为了使活性物质具有很好的分散性能,一般需要使用分散剂或者超声波分散或者球磨分散的方式,这些方法或多或少都会带来一些副作用,比如增稠剂会增大内阻,分散剂会对电池的最终性能产生影响。为了更好的增强活性物质比如镍钴锰锂和导电物质的分散性能等,通常使用的有机溶剂为小分子的有机溶剂,比如甲醇、乙醇等。本发明采用苯系挥发性有机溶液和有机弱酸(醋酸或硼酸)混合的方式,以喷雾的形式加入到活性物质中,既使正极片保持了干法制片的优点,而且使得活性物质分散的更加均匀,使得电池的容量更好,内阻更小,适合大倍率放电。
本发明采用苯系易挥发有机溶液、粘结剂、有机弱酸与正极粉末混合,使正极粉末保持一定的湿度,达到极片柔软、降低生产过程粉尘的效果,同时粉末之间粘结效果好,循环寿命长。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将甲苯与聚四氟乙烯、醋酸混合(重量比为100:10:1),得混合液,再将其喷雾的方式加入到球镍中,混合液相对球镍的比例为1%,拉片,滚压,得镍电池正极片。
实施例2
将甲苯与聚四氟乙烯、醋酸混合(重量比为100:10:1),得混合液,再将其喷雾的方式加入到球镍中,混合液相对球镍的比例为3%,拉片,滚压,得镍电池正极片。
实施例3
将苯与聚偏氟乙烯、硼酸混合(重量比为100:5:2),得混合液,再将其喷雾的方式加入到球镍中,混合液相对球镍的比例为5%,拉片,滚压,得镍电池正极片。
实施例4
将苯乙烯与聚偏氟乙烯、醋酸混合(重量比为100:15:0.1),得混合液,再将其喷雾的方式加入到三元正极粉末中,混合液相对三元正极粉末的比例为1%,拉片,滚压,得锂离子电池正极片。
实施例5
将甲苯与聚偏氟乙烯、醋酸混合(重量比为100:10:1),得混合液,再将其喷雾的方式加入到三元正极粉末中,混合液相对三元正极粉末的比例为3%,拉片,滚压,得锂离子电池正极片。
实施例6
将苯与聚四氟乙烯、硼酸混合(重量比为100:10:1),得混合液,再将其喷雾的方式加入到三元正极粉末中,混合液相对三元正极粉末的比例为5%,拉片,滚压,得锂离子电池正极片。
比较例1
将甲醇与聚四氟乙烯混合(重量比为100:10),得混合液,再将其喷雾的方式加入到球镍粉末中,混合液相对球镍粉末的比例为1%,拉片,滚压,得镍电池正极片。
比较例2
将乙醇与聚四氟乙烯、羧甲基纤维素钠混合(重量比为100:10:1),得混合液,再将其喷雾的方式加入到球镍中,混合液相对球镍的比例为3%,拉片,滚压,得镍电池正极片。
将以上正极料制作成电池,测试内阻、容量、寿命等,得表1的数据。
表1不同实施例和对比例制成的电池性能表
25℃每克正极料容量(mah) | 内阻(毫欧) | 1C寿命(次) | 制片过程是否异常 | |
实施例1 | 250 | 21 | 500 | 有轻微粉尘 |
实施例2 | 250 | 21 | 510 | 无 |
实施例3 | 251 | 21 | 510 | 有轻微粉尘 |
实施例4 | 153 | 35 | 620 | 无 |
实施例5 | 152 | 34 | 621 | 无 |
实施例6 | 152.6 | 35 | 623 | 有轻微粉尘 |
比较例1 | 239 | 28 | 420 | 有粉尘,粉末结团,极片厚度不均 |
比较例2 | 143 | 42 | 509 | 粉末结团,极片厚度不均 |
从以上数据可以看出:使用本发明的方法,电池的容量、内阻、寿命性能明显得到提高;添加3%的比例时效果最好;添加有机弱酸醋酸和硼酸,以及添加苯系挥发性有机溶剂能改善粉末结团现象,提高极片的均匀性。
Claims (8)
1.一种二次电池正极,包括正极活性物质,其特征是,还包括苯系挥发性有机溶剂、粘结剂和有机弱酸,所述苯系挥发性有机溶剂为甲苯、苯或苯乙烯,所述有机弱酸为醋酸或硼酸。
2.如权利要求1所述的二次电池正极,其特征是,所述粘结剂为聚四氟乙烯或聚偏氟乙烯。
3.如权利要求1所述的二次电池正极,其特征是,所述苯系挥发性有机溶剂、粘结剂和有机弱酸的总重量为正极活性物质的重量的1-5%。
4.如权利要求3所述的二次电池正极,其特征是,所述苯系挥发性有机溶剂、粘结剂和有机弱酸的总重量为正极活性物质的重量的3%。
5.如权利要求1所述的二次电池正极,其特征是,所述苯系挥发性有机溶剂、粘结剂和有机弱酸的重量比为100:(5-15):(0.1-2)。
6.如权利要求5所述的二次电池正极,其特征是,所述苯系挥发性有机溶剂、粘结剂和有机弱酸的重量比为100:10:1。
7.如权利要求1所述的二次电池正极,其特征是,所述正极活性物质为球镍或镍钴锰锂。
8.一种如权利要求1-7任一项所述的二次电池正极的制备方法,其特征是,包括如下步骤,将苯系挥发性有机溶液、粘结剂和有机弱酸混合,得到混合液,将混合液以喷雾的方式加入到正极活性物质中,拉片,滚压,得电池正极片。
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