CN110147423A - Flows-in lake basin area basin Automated Partition Method based on lake confluence relationship - Google Patents
Flows-in lake basin area basin Automated Partition Method based on lake confluence relationship Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the flows-in lake basin area basin Automated Partition Method based on lake confluence relationship.Double level basin based on lake confluence relationship divides thinking, sufficiently account for the earth's surface confluence feature in flows-in lake basin area, by determining the catchment area in each enclosed type lake to realize that the basin of the first level divides, and then sub-basin refinement is carried out on the basis of the first level basin divides by setting gathering ground threshold value.This method can make full use of existing digital elevation model products abundant, by extracting the basin data product of high quality, provide data and method support for researchs such as basin topography, hydrology and whole world changes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydrogeomorphology field, in particular to a kind of flows-in lake basin area basin based on lake confluence relationship
Automated Partition Method.
Background technique
Basin is natural geographical unit, the spatial information in basin be widely used in hydrology modeling (Ren Liliang and Liu Xinliang,
2000；Liu et al., 2014), the crowds such as Landform Evolution (wish scholar outstanding person etc., 2013), soil erosion (Vente et al., 2013)
It is multi-field.Currently, the extraction of convection current domain information is based primarily upon digital elevation model, is calculated by developing corresponding watershed unit analysis
Method realizes the automatic division on watershed boundary.
The accuracy that basin divides depends on the precision of digital elevation model and the performance of basin extraction algorithm.With
The fast development of the technologies such as aviation/day digital photogrammetry, laser point cloud, radar mapping, the acquisition capability of terrain data have
Greatly promoted.Currently widely applied data elevation model data mainly has SRTM DEM, ASTER on Global Scale
GDEM, ALOSAW3D30 etc., these data also become basin divide in important foundation data (Yamazaki et al.,
2017；Yue et al.,2017).In terms of algorithm, basin divides and forms relatively fixed process flow at present, main to wrap
Included depression filling, water (flow) direction calculate, confluence cumulative calculation, extraction of drainage and basin mark and etc. (O ' Callaghan
and Mark,1984；Tarboton et al.,1991；Freitas et al.,2016).The algorithm flow is mainly for outer
Area's confluence characteristic Design is flowed, basic assumption is, water outlet grid can be passed through by studying the confluence that whole grids generate in area
Lattice or boundary raster outflow, this thinking can ensure that extracted network of waterways information has preferable Structural Characteristics, lead to simultaneously
It crosses and sets different catchment area threshold values, the Basin Boundary with hierarchy nesting structure can be extracted.
Although existing basin division methods achieve better result in outflow area, it is not suitable for the ground in flows-in lake basin area
Table confluence feature.One typical flows-in lake basin area is composed of several independent endorheic basins, between different endorheic basins
Drainage networks be mutually disjunct, therefore traditional basin extraction algorithm can not depict the watershed unit feature of endorheic basin
(Khan et al.,2014).Currently, flows-in lake basin area obtains the extensive concern of scholars with its unique natural environment, typical
Representative is the Qinghai-Tibet area Nei Liu.Scholars mainly use HydroSHEDS (http://hydrosheds.cr.usgs.gov)
Reference data of the Global Scale basin data set as Basin Boundary.But data one side precision in the expression of Basin Boundary
It is poor, it is on the other hand also noted there is the Basin Boundary that more mistake divides, these problems have seriously affected flows-in lake basin
Area's correlation earth science research.Some scholars are it is also noted that flows-in lake basin area basin divides the problems of product, and has inquired into and melted
Close the modification method (Gao et al., 2018) of topographic map, the flows-in lake basin area basin division result of multi-source datas such as image.But
This thinking is more demanding to data, is difficult to be generalized to data information and more lacks region, simultaneously as needing artificial judgment
A large amount of interventions, the low efficiency of processing are not suitable for the research of big regional scale.In this context, carry out flows-in lake basin area basin
The research of Automated Partition Method can provide important Data safeguard and method branch for the exploration of flows-in lake basin area related scientific issues
Support has important scientific meaning.
Bibliography:
[1] Ren Liliang, Liu Xinren digital elevation model information extraction and digital hydrological model progress [J] hydroscience
Progress, 2000,11 (4): 463-469.
[2]Liu J,Zhu A X,Liu Y,et al.,2014.A layered approach to parallel
computing for spatially distributedhydrological modeling.Environmental
Modelling&Software.51,221-227.
[3] Zhu Shijie, Tang Guoan, Li Fayuan wait loess plateau area-elevation integral research [J] of based on DEM geographical
Journal, 2013,68 (7): 921-932.
[4]Vente J D,Poesen J,Verstraeten G,et al.,2013.Predicting soil
Erosion and sediment yield at regional scales:Where do we stand? .Earth
Science Reviews,127(2),16-29.
[5]Yamazaki,D.,Ikeshima,D.,Tawatari,R.,et al.,2017.A high accuracy
map of global terrain elevations.Geophysical Research Letters,322(22),109-
127.
[6]O’Callaghan,J.F.,Mark,D.M.,1984.The extraction of drainage
networks from digital elevation data.Comput.Vision,Graph.,Image Process.28,
323–344.
[7]Tarboton,D.G.,Bras,R.L.,Rodriguez-Iturbe,I.,1991.On the extraction
of channel networks from digital elevation data.Hydrological Processes,5(1),
81-100.
[8]Freitas H R D A,Freitas C D C,Rosim S,et al.,2016.Drainage
networks and watersheds delineation derived from TIN-based digital elevation
models.Computers&Geosciences.92(C):21-37.
[9]Gao,Y.,Wang,W.,Yao,T.,et al.,2018.Hydrological network and
classification of lakes on the ThirdPole.Journal ofHydrology,560,582-594.
[10]Khan A,Richards K S,Parker G T,et al.,2014.How large is the Upper
Indus Basin? The pitfalls ofauto-delineation using DEMs.Journal
ofHydrology.509(4),442-453.
Summary of the invention
For solve existing flows-in lake basin area basin divide data product there are it is more mistake, lack automatic method, can not
The problem of accurately extracting Basin Boundary and hydrology landforms parameter, the invention proposes a kind of interior streams based on lake confluence relationship
Lake basin area basin division methods realize internally stream using that can disclose the Law of DEM Data and lake distributed data obtained
The automatic division of lake basin area sub-basin.
To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Based on the flows-in lake basin area basin Automated Partition Method of lake confluence relationship, including following procedure:
Step 1 is based on digital elevation model and lake distributed data, calculates water (flow) direction, obtains water (flow) direction matrix；
Step 2 extracts Hydrologic Structure parameter, including runoff source point, drainage networks, drainage networks based on water (flow) direction matrix
With lake intersection point, and initial Segmented fluid theory data are generated based on water (flow) direction matrix and drainage networks；
Step 3, each group of lake for being connected by drainage networks, are cutd open based on the elevation between Elevation of lake and lake
Face judges relationship of converging between lake；
Lake is divided into enclosed type lake based on relationship of converging between lake and crosses two class of water type lake by step 4；And it determines
Each crosses enclosed type lake corresponding to water type lake；
Step 5, it for enclosed type lake, is controlled based on diameter streamline back tracking method combination peak point, it is first to what is generated in step 2
Beginning Segmented fluid theory data carry out ownership judgement, obtain basin corresponding with enclosed type lake division result.
It is open that SRTM-1/3GDEM, ALOS AW3D30 or TanDEM etc. can be selected in digital elevation model of the present invention
Terrain data；The global water body data set of the announcements such as Pekel can be used in lake distributed data.
As a further improvement of the present invention, for depression region, depression stream is carried out using Priority-Flood algorithm
To tracking；For level land region, Processing Algorithm is flowed to using the level land G&M；Remaining region carries out flow direction calculating using D8 algorithm.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the step 2, on the basis of water (flow) direction matrix, each grid are calculated
The confluence accumulated value of lattice, while network of waterways grid is determined according to preset confluence accumulation threshold, form drainage networks matrix；In conjunction with remittance
Flow network matrix and water (flow) direction matrix determine runoff source point grid；In conjunction with the lake number after drainage networks matrix and rasterizing
According to determining the intersection point in drainage networks and lake；Based on water (flow) direction matrix and drainage networks matrix, river connection matrix is generated,
Initial Segmented fluid theory data are generated on this basis to the coding in every section of river to realize.
Further, runoff source point, drainage networks and initial Segmented fluid theory data are all made of identical runoff threshold value and determine；
Runoff threshold value is preferably 3-5 square kilometres.
As a further improvement of the present invention, for one group of lake being connected by drainage networks, generation is converged between lake
Elevation section corresponding to network judges whether there is landform barrier between lake according to the overall trend of section；If there is ground form drag
Every then two lakes are not attached to, if obstructing without landform, judge the confluence direction between two lakes according to Elevation of lake, the present invention
The middle Elevation of lake median according to the lake that is relatively connected judges the confluence direction between lake.
Wherein, the confluence relationship validation testing based on elevation section specifically:
The elevation derivative for calculating each grid on elevation hatching, when the elevation derivative of two continuous grids is by just becoming negative,
Then the latter grid is determined as local peaking's point；On the contrary then be local the lowest point point, the grid between the lowest point point and peak point is height
Journey first transition；
The lenth ratio and amplitude ratio for calculating every section of elevation first transition and the entire profile, when lenth ratio or Amplitude Ratio
When value≤threshold value, then it is assumed that the elevation section starting point lake will import the terminal lake of elevation section；When lenth ratio or amplitude
When ratio > threshold value, then it is assumed that the elevation section both ends lake is not connected to, while needing to record the local peaking of the elevation section
Point；
Further, in the step 3, lake for space length less than 1 kilometer, the lake surface for directlying adopt lake is high
Journey judges the confluence direction between lake, and there is no landform to obstruct between the two for default, by comparing lake Elevation of lake, judges lake
Confluence direction between pool；It is on the contrary then generate elevation section, according to the overall trend of section, judge whether there is ground form drag between lake
Every；Further, each grid height value uses the median of the 5*5 window centered on it, after generating elevation hatching
Exceptional value interference is further eliminated by gaussian filtering.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the step 5, the starting point of diameter streamlined impeller is runoff source point and diameter streamline
With lake intersection point；Successively handle whole runoff source points and runoff intersection point, tracked along drainage networks until encounter local peaking's point or
It lake region wouldn't assignment by the sub-basin all passed through if tracking terminal is local peaking's point；If the terminal of tracking
It is enclosed type lake, then the sub-basin all passed through is assigned a value of to the number in terminal lake；If terminal lake was water type lake
Pool, then be assigned a value of the number for crossing the corresponding enclosed type lake in water type lake for the sub-basin all passed through；Finally from local peaks
Value point starts along drainage networks positive (along water (flow) direction) and reverse (against water (flow) direction) tracking up to encountering lake, if
The terminal of tracking is enclosed type lake, then the sub-basin all passed through is assigned a value of to the number in terminal lake；If terminal lake
It was water type lake, then the sub-basin all passed through is assigned a value of the number for crossing the corresponding enclosed type lake in water type lake.
Wherein, local peaking's point refers to, two continuous grids on the corresponding elevation hatching of drainage networks between lake
Elevation derivative is by just becoming negative, then the latter grid is determined as local peaking's point.
It, can using Dissolve tool in ArcGIS software after completing all divisions in initial sub-basin ownership lake
The merger for realizing sub-basin, that is, determine the basin perimeter in each enclosed type lake.
As a further improvement of the present invention, further include step 6, be more than pre- for drainage area in step 5 division result
The basin of phase area sets collecting net, carries out further division to its inside, collecting net is according to research
Or application needs to set, and uses needs to meet.
The present invention has following two points advantage:
(1) the invention proposes the basin Automated Partition Method for being suitable for flows-in lake basin area, dividing precisions with higher
And treatment effeciency, important basic data and technical support are provided for researchs such as the landforms, the hydrology, ecology in flows-in lake basin area.
(2) requirement of the present invention to data is lower, based on the digital elevation model and lake distributed data that can disclose acquisition
Basin division can be completed.Simultaneously when using high-resolution terrain data, this method can also sufficiently excavate figurate number in high quality
According to advantage, extract the Basin Boundary more identical with real surface.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 sample area figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 inventive algorithm flow chart.
The drainage networks obtained in Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention using different flow direction algorithms: (a) tradition D8 algorithm；(b) this hair
The bright a variety of flow direction algorithm results of middle synthesis.
Acquired Hydrologic Structure feature extraction result in Fig. 4 embodiment of the present invention: (a) region-wide；(b) regional area is put
Greatly.
What is used in Fig. 5 embodiment of the present invention judges confluence relation schematic diagram based on water level between lake.
What is used in Fig. 6 embodiment of the present invention judges lake confluence relation schematic diagram based on runoff elevation section.
Lake type division result obtained in Fig. 7 embodiment of the present invention.
The diameter streamline method for tracing used in Fig. 8 embodiment of the present invention obtains enclosed type lake basins range schematic diagram.
Basin division result obtained in Fig. 9 embodiment of the present invention: ALOS AW3D30 data (a) are based on；(b)
HydroSHEDS data extract result.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail.Implement below
Case is not intended to limit the scope of the invention for illustrating the present invention.
Embodiments herein is research area with the partial region in the Qinghai-Tibet area Nei Liu.Qinghai-Tibet Platean is known as the " world
Ridge " and " Asia water tower ", it is current research on global change that the region is with a varied topography, weather is unique, lake glacier is widely distributed
Nucleus.The Qinghai-Tibet area Nei Liu is mainly distributed on the northwestward of Qinghai-Tibet Platean, refers mainly to Qiangtang Plateau and Qaidam basin
The regions such as ground, the area distribution have a large amount of low-lying closing lake basins, and river imports these depression and forms plurality of salt water lake.
According to statistics, which is greater than 1 square kilometre of about 1200, lake.Embodiment has selected Nam Co and Siling Co near zone,
The gross area amounts to 119,055km2.Experimental data has selected ALOSAW3D30, and data resolution is 30 meters.
As shown in Fig. 2, be the flow chart of embodiment, the present embodiment the following steps are included:
Step 1: the water (flow) direction of comprehensive a variety of flow direction algorithms calculates.As shown in figure 3, based on tradition D8 algorithm in the area
Domain drainage networks generated have apparent parallel network of waterways phenomenon, the especially flat sites such as lake.And pass through in the present embodiment
Priority-Flood, G&M algorithm and D8 algorithm, obtained confluence are respectively adopted to depression, level land and other undulating regions
Water Network preferably expresses the bus structure feature in the region, eliminates parallel network of waterways problem, creates conditions for subsequent analysis.
Step 2: further generating the Regional Hydrologic structure feature on the basis of flowing to calculating.As shown in figure 4, water
Literary structure feature contains runoff source point, drainage networks, drainage networks and lake intersection point, and initial watershed partitioning result.
Step 3: relationship judgement of converging between lake.Lake closer for space length as shown in Figure 5 (it is public to refer generally to < 1
In), the present embodiment is judged by comparing the median of the Elevation of lake in two lakes, and the higher lake of Elevation of lake imports
The lower lake of Elevation of lake.Relationship of converging between lake farther away for space length judgement, is recorded first between two lakes
Elevation profile information, and with gaussian filtering eliminate noise spot；Secondly by the elevation derivative for calculating each coordinate points, determine
The first transition of elevation；Finally by the amplitude ratio and lenth ratio of every section of elevation first transition and the entire profile and threshold value ratio
Compared with, judge whether the first transition can characterize true earth's surface barrier, it, can if amplitude ratio or lenth ratio > threshold value
Think, which caused by real terrain barrier, if≤threshold value, is judged as error.In Fig. 6 a,
Although there are an elevation first transitions between two lakes, it is minimum with the amplitude ratio and lenth ratio of the entire profile,
Caused by being regarded as data error, therefore it can determine whether between two lakes as connected state.It is shown in Fig. 6 b and does not connect typically
Understanding and considerate condition, elevation section show to be obstructed between two lakes by mountainous region there are an obviously first transition.Also there are Some Lakes
Between whether be connected to and indefinite, as fig. 6 c, according to elevation section, a possibility that there are local peaking's points between two lakes,
In this case, threshold size has a direct impact judging result.In the present embodiment, amplitude ratio threshold value and lenth ratio threshold
Value is disposed as 0.15.
Step 4: lake type divides.According to the judging result of step 3, it will only import the lake that do not flow out and define
For enclosed type lake；The lake that existing remittance has outflow again was defined as water type lake.As shown in fig. 7, the shared envelope in the region
95, water type lake is crossed in 46, closed form lake.
Step 5, on the basis of lake type divides, in conjunction with initially using 3km2The watershed partitioning knot of area threshold
Fruit determines the range of each seal and crust.As shown in figure 8, being tracked from runoff source point along drainage networks, until meeting
Whole sub-basins that tracking is passed through then are assigned a value of to the number in the lake since the lake is enclosed type lake to lake.Tracking
Starting point can also be the intersection point in drainage networks and lake, in this case, when there are local peaking's points, i.e. diameter streamline both ends in path
Lake have determined that be it is disconnected, then the sub-basin passed through in tracing process wouldn't assignment, it is subsequent with local peaking
Point is that starting point is tracked along water (flow) direction and against water (flow) direction respectively up to encountering lake, and the whole sub-basins passed through are equal
It is assigned a value of the number (Fig. 8 b) in terminal enclosed type lake.Finally by the fusion treatment of vector data, each closing can be obtained
The corresponding basin perimeter (Fig. 8 c) in type lake.All treated result is as illustrated in fig. 9, existing in comparison diagram 9b in the region
HydroSHEDS data can find, the result that this method extracts have in part sub-basin it is significantly different, as this method extracts
Siling Co drainage area be about 45454.52km2Much larger than 28978.40km in HydroSHEDS data2Area.And
Division result of the HydroSHEDS in the basin has been demonstrated with apparent error.
Step 6: for the first hierarchical level division result of Fig. 9, as the area of fruit part sub-basin is needed more than practical application
It wants, by setting collecting net, the refinement of sub-basin can be carried out on the basis of the first level division result.
Claims (10)
1. the flows-in lake basin area basin Automated Partition Method based on lake confluence relationship, which is characterized in that including following procedure:
Step 1 is based on digital elevation model and lake distributed data, calculates water (flow) direction, obtains water (flow) direction matrix；
Step 2 extracts Hydrologic Structure parameter, including runoff source point, drainage networks, drainage networks and lake based on water (flow) direction matrix
Intersection point is moored, and initial Segmented fluid theory data are generated based on water (flow) direction matrix and drainage networks；
Step 3 sentences each group of lake being connected by drainage networks based on the elevation section between Elevation of lake and lake
Confluence relationship between disconnected lake；
Lake is divided into enclosed type lake based on relationship of converging between lake and crosses two class of water type lake by step 4, and determination is each
It is a to cross enclosed type lake corresponding to water type lake；
Step 5, it for enclosed type lake, is controlled based on diameter streamline back tracking method combination peak point, to the initial flow generated in step 2
Regional partition data carry out ownership judgement, obtain basin corresponding with enclosed type lake division result.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein, for depression region, being used in the step 1
The tracking of Priority-Flood algorithm progress depression flow direction；For level land region, Processing Algorithm is flowed to using the level land G&M；Its
Remaining region carries out flow direction calculating using D8 algorithm.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, on the basis of water (flow) direction matrix,
The confluence accumulated value of each grid is calculated, while network of waterways grid is determined according to preset confluence accumulation threshold, forms drainage networks
Matrix；Runoff source point grid is determined in conjunction with drainage networks matrix and water (flow) direction matrix；In conjunction with drainage networks matrix and rasterizing
Lake data afterwards, determine the intersection point in drainage networks and lake；Based on water (flow) direction matrix and drainage networks matrix, river is generated
Connection matrix generates initial Segmented fluid theory data on this basis to the coding in every section of river to realize.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, runoff source point, drainage networks and initial
Segmented fluid theory data are all made of identical runoff threshold value and determine；Runoff threshold value is preferably 3-5 square kilometres.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, for be connected by drainage networks one
Lake is organized, elevation section corresponding to drainage networks judges whether have between lake according to the overall trend of section between generation lake
Landform barrier；If there is landform barrier, two lakes are not attached to, if obstructing without landform, judge two lakes according to Elevation of lake
Between confluence direction.
6. method according to claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that in the step 3, the confluence based on elevation section is closed
It is judgment mode are as follows:
The elevation derivative for calculating each grid on elevation hatching, when the elevation derivative of two continuous grids is by just becoming negative, then after
One grid is determined as local peaking's point；On the contrary then be local the lowest point point, the grid between the lowest point point and peak point is on elevation
Rise section；
The lenth ratio and amplitude ratio for calculating every section of elevation first transition and the entire profile, when lenth ratio or amplitude ratio≤
When threshold value, then it is assumed that the elevation section starting point lake will import the terminal lake of elevation section；When lenth ratio or amplitude ratio
When > threshold value, then judge that the elevation section both ends lake is not connected to.
7. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, in the step 3, for space length less than 1 kilometer
One group of lake that is connected, there is no landform to obstruct between the two for default, by comparing the Elevation of lake median in the lake that is connected, judges
Confluence direction between lake.
8. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, each grid height value is used with it in the step 3
Centered on 5*5 window median, generate elevation hatching after further by gaussian filtering eliminate exceptional value interfere.
9. the method according to claim 1, wherein the starting point of diameter streamlined impeller is source of runoff in the step 5
Point and drainage networks and lake intersection point；Successively handle whole source point grids and intersection point grid, along drainage networks tracking until
Local peaking's point or lake region are encountered, if tracking terminal is local peaking's point, the sub-basin all passed through wouldn't be located
Reason；If the terminal of tracking is enclosed type lake, the sub-basin all passed through is assigned a value of to the number in terminal lake；If eventually
Point lake was water type lake, then the sub-basin all passed through was assigned a value of the volume for crossing the corresponding enclosed type lake in water type lake
Number；Further using local peaking's point as starting point, along diameter streamline is positive and reversely tracing until lake region, according to the above rule,
Assignment is carried out to the sub-basin passed through.
10. the method according to claim 1, wherein further including step 6, for basin in step 5 division result
Area is more than the basin of expected area, sets collecting net, carries out further division to its inside.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116415318A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-07-11 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Modeling method for hydrologic connectivity of lake in inner flow area based on mathematical morphology |
| CN116415318B (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2024-03-08 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Modeling method for hydrologic connectivity of lake in inner flow area based on mathematical morphology |
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