CN111414671A - Method for surging flood in small watershed - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for surging and calculating flood in a small watershed through rainstorm, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of flood calculation, historical flood survey analysis, station flood analysis and regional flood comprehensive analysis, flood space-time distribution rule analysis, calculation method and flood space-time distribution rule analysis, watershed information extraction, small watershed torrential rain estimation flood method analysis, basic formula inference, solution method and small watershed torrential rain estimation flood method research, and parameter sensitivity analysis. The invention firstly provides the basin comprehensive parameter concept, is applied to the research of the geographical rainstorm composite relation flood formula, enables the calculation result to be more scientific and reasonable, provides more reliable design flood calculation result for the flood calculation of the non-data areas, and provides technical guarantee for the flood control safety of the construction of water conservancy and hydropower and other various wading projects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrology and water resources, in particular to a method for surging flood in small watershed rainstorm.
Background
The method for calculating the flood for the rainstorm in the small watershed is a method frequently used in the planning and design of water conservancy projects in data-free areas, the existing calculation method of Fujian province is compiled in 1985, and the actually measured rainstorm flood data with the sequence of 1950-1980 are mostly selected. In view of the current hydrological data, drainage basin geographical data conditions and calculation means, the parameters and geographical partitions of the storm production convergence formula are limited. With the extension of data series and the planning and design practice of a large number of hydraulic engineering, the defects of the original calculation method are gradually highlighted. In order to improve the adaptability and the result precision of the calculation formula, a new research on a method for calculating the flood of the rainstorm in the small watershed needs to be carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating flood by rainstorm in a small watershed, which firstly provides a watershed comprehensive parameter concept and is applied to the research of a geographical rainstorm composite relation flood formula, so that the calculation result is more scientific and reasonable, a more reliable design flood calculation result is provided for the flood calculation in a non-data area, and a technical guarantee is provided for the flood control safety of water conservancy and hydropower and other various wading engineering constructions, so as to solve the problems provided in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the method for surging flood in small watershed includes the following steps:
step 1: flood calculation, including historical flood survey analysis, station flood analysis and regional flood comprehensive analysis;
step 2: analyzing flood space-time distribution rules, including a calculation method and analysis of the flood space-time distribution rules;
and step 3: drainage basin information extraction
The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) comprises a plurality of important drainage basin information in data, and information such as the Elevation, the flow direction, the gradient and the landform and terrain information of each water system can be accurately extracted from the data;
and 4, step 4: analyzing a small watershed rainstorm flood calculation method, wherein the small watershed rainstorm flood calculation method comprises the research of a reasoning basic formula, a solving method and a small watershed rainstorm flood calculation method;
and 5: parameter sensitivity analysis
The reasoning formula relates to the river basin geographic characteristic parameters of area, river length, river channel specific drop (F, L and J) and the rainstorm statistical parameters (H) of 1 hour, 6 hours and 24 hours1h、Cv1h，H6h、Cv6h，H24h、Cv24h) And analyzing the relation between the confluence parameter m and the geographic characteristic parameter theta and the basin comprehensive parameter omega.
Further, in the station-surveying flood analysis of step 1, maximum peak flow and maximum flood volume are continuously measured for each hydrological station long series, and statistical parameters of the designed peak flow and the designed flood volume are obtained by adopting a P-III type distribution curve fitting line.
Further, in the regional flood comprehensive analysis in the step 1, the regional comprehensive analysis uses long-series analysis results of each station in the drainage basin to draw an isoline for each flood parameter point, comprehensively analyzes the relationship between the peak flow, the flood volume and the drainage basin area, analyzes the empirical formula suitable for different regions according to the natural geographic conditions and the underlying surface conditions, and tests the empirical formula.
Further, the calculation method in the step 2 is to extract flood elements of the small watershed hydrological stations in Fujian province according to flood calculation results, select a certain area as a target area of spatial interpolation, and perform spatial interpolation on the flood elements by using Arcgis software.
Further, analyzing the flood space-time distribution rule in the step 2, and drawing a contour map of the flood elements according to the space interpolation result of the flood elements.
Further, step 3, extracting the geographical feature values of the drainage basin by an Arcgis hydrological analysis tool.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for calculating the flood through the rainstorm in the small watershed, provided by the invention, comprises the steps of obtaining multiple geographic factors such as a flood confluence area F, an effective flow direction length l of water flow, a water flow direction gradient j and the like by utilizing an Arcgis spatial analysis technology, researching the rainstorm flood relation under the influence of different geographic factors through rainstorm flood space-time distribution analysis, watershed multiple geographic factor analysis and parameter sensitivity analysis, and exploring the distribution rule of a rainstorm flood area. The invention firstly provides the basin comprehensive parameter concept, is applied to the research of the geographical rainstorm composite relation flood formula, enables the calculation result to be more scientific and reasonable, provides more reliable design flood calculation result for the flood calculation of the non-data areas, and provides technical guarantee for the flood control safety of the construction of water conservancy and hydropower and other various wading projects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a relationship between an annual extreme flow mean and an area of a small-watershed survey station in Fujian province according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating distribution of flood partition attributes in Fujian province over the entire province in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the convergence parameter m and the geographic characteristic parameter θ;
FIG. 4 is a sectional contour diagram of a characteristic parameter theta and a convergence parameter m of the Fujian provincial drainage basin;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the value of the convergence parameter m and the basin integral coefficient ω;
FIG. 6 is a sectional contour diagram of a Fujian provincial drainage basin characteristic parameter omega and a confluence parameter m.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for surging flood in small watershed includes the following steps:
step 1: flood calculation
(1) Historical flood survey analysis
According to provincial historical flood survey data and actual flood situation, the area of the convection basin is less than 1704km2The station of (2) carries out flood recurrence period analysis;
(2) station flood analysis
And (4) continuously and actually measuring the maximum peak flow and the maximum flood volume of each hydrological station long series, and obtaining statistical parameters of the designed peak flow and the designed flood volume by adopting a P-III type distribution curve fitting line. Comparing and analyzing the flood rechecking result with a flood method result obtained by calculating the torrential rain in a small watershed;
(3) regional flood comprehensive analysis
And performing regional comprehensive analysis according to flood frequency analysis results of each station. The regional comprehensive analysis is to draw an isoline on each flood parameter point by using the long-series analysis result of each survey station in the drainage basin, comprehensively analyze the relation between the peak flow, the flood volume and the drainage basin area, analyze according to the natural geographic condition, the underlying surface condition and the like to obtain an empirical formula suitable for different regions, and test the empirical formula;
regional integrated formula:
in the formula
QmPeak flow, m3/s；
C-peak flow parameter;
n-peak flow index;
f-area of flow field above control section, km2。
Through comprehensive analysis of regions, the Fujian province is divided into 6 flood partitions according to the average values of the 66 measuring stations and flood results with different frequencies. The method is divided into coastal flood high-value areas represented by beaches, seven steps, stream source palace, Wufeng and water making, sandy stream basin flood low-value areas represented by apocynum venetum, old people, Jikou, new bridges, Honda and wheat gardens and 4 areas between the high-value areas and the low-value areas. The annual extreme flow mean and area relationship line of the small watershed survey station in Fujian province is shown in figure 1 below.
Step 2: flood space-time distribution law analysis
(1) Calculation method
According to flood calculation results, flood elements of the small watershed hydrological stations of the Fujian province are extracted, the Fujian province is selected as a target area of spatial interpolation, and spatial interpolation is carried out on the flood elements by using Arcgis software;
inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) is a commonly used point interpolation method that considers the closest sites to a sample point to contribute most to its estimate and the contribution is inversely related to distance. The basic principle is as follows: for a series of discrete points X on a known plane i （i=1、2、.....n) Position coordinates and attribute values thereofZ（X i ）Any point in the planeX 0 The attribute value Z of (2) can be obtained by weighting the attribute values of the points in the local neighborhood around the point. Wherein the weight function is used as the weightW i And (4) showing.X 0 The attribute value of a point may be expressed as;
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Z（X 0 ）to be estimatedX 0 A point attribute value;Z（X i ）-X 0 in a local area around a pointiDotX i The attribute value of (2); n-the number of points in the local domain;W i -X i dot pairX 0 The weight of the point.
Wherein the weighting functionW i Calculated using the formula:
in the formula, p is an arbitrary normal number, and research shows that the higher the power exponent p is, the smoother the interpolation is and the p value generally takes 2;h i is the distance from the discrete point to the interpolated point.
The inverse distance weighting method is simple in principle, and it is easy to understand that the role of the neighboring point is expressed by the magnitude of the curtain value, and the role of the nearest point is larger when the curtain value is larger. As the number of scenes increases, the interpolated value and the attribute of the closest point become closer. Specifying a smaller curtain value emphasizes the effect of points at greater distances, making the interpolation plane smoother.
(2) Flood space-time distribution law analysis
And (3) drawing a contour map of the flood elements according to a spatial interpolation result of the flood elements to obtain the distribution condition of the flood partition attributes of the Fujian province in the whole province range, wherein the schematic diagram is as follows 2. Based on the method, flood attribute analysis can be carried out, the spatial distribution rule of the flood attribute can be searched, different attribute areas are divided according to the variation difference of the flood attribute, and the flood attribute of the same subarea has similar flood characteristics. By interpolating and analyzing different flood attribute values, various Fujian province flood attribute partition achievements can be obtained, and a flood attribute partition library is formed.
And step 3: drainage basin information extraction
The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) contains a plurality of important drainage basin information in data, and topographic information such as drainage basin Elevation, flow direction, gradient, water system and the like can be accurately extracted from the data. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have powerful geospatial analysis and data management capabilities. The method is applied to the fields of hydrological modeling, disaster prevention and reduction, water resource management, water conservancy informatization and the like. The GIS is used for extracting the geographic information of the drainage basin more objectively and accurately.
Extracting geographical characteristic values of the Fujian province drainage basin through an Arcgis hydrological analysis tool:
area of the watershed F: and (4) extracting the water collecting area of the required watershed by carrying out steps of hollow filling, flow direction generation, accumulated flow direction generation, watershed outlet point generation and the like in an ArcHydro Tools module.
River length L the L ongest Flow Path tool in the ArcHydro Tools module can easily extract river length and Flow direction within the Flow field.
And (3) reduction J: by extracting elevation points along the river, continuous along-the-way change of the river bottom elevation can be obtained, and thus the average slope and fall of the river is calculated.
And 4, step 4: method for analyzing flood calculation method of heavy rain in small watershed
(1) Basic formula of reasoning
The reasoning formula method has the advantages of simple structure, easily understood principle, convenient use, less parameters, low requirement on the data of the watershed and enough precision, so the method is always the main method for calculating the flood in the small watershed. The method is also generally used for calculating the design flood of small and medium-sized hydraulic engineering in our province. It assumes that the rainfall intensity in the confluence time is uniform, and summarizes the confluence area curve into a rectangle, and obtains the following calculation formula:
in the formula:
qm is the net peak flow of the earth's surface, m3/s；
F is the basin area, km2；
RtMm is the maximum surface net rainfall within the confluence time
t is the basin confluence duration h;
l is the length of the main river from the watershed to the cross section of the watershed outlet, km;
j is the average slope drop per thousand from the watershed to the watershed outlet section of the main river channel;
m is a confluence parameter.
(2) Solving method
1) Determining a stable infiltration rate fc value: calculating the average intensity of the secondary clean rain according to the clean rain process obtained after the front face is damaged
Wherein T is the effective duration of the total amount of net rain, namely, people with less rain intensity than 0.5mm/h in the first and last periods of the process do not participate in duration statistics. Then, the i-order value is used to look up the i-fc correlation diagram to obtainfc (mm/h) value.
2) Dividing the surface clear rain and the underground clear rain of the time period: using fc value to convert the clear rain R of each time intervaliDivided into surface clear rain RTABLE iAnd underground clear rain RLower iTwo parts.
Wherein
If the result R is calculatedLower i>RiWhen it is, then R is takenLower i＝Ri
RTABLE i＝Ri-RLower i
3) Calculating a confluence parameter m value: firstly, determining a confluence subarea where a designed basin is positioned, and designing a characteristic parameter F (km) of the basin2) L (km), J (‰) calculation
And then, the m value is checked according to the correlation line or the calculation formula of the theta value between the theta value and the m value of the confluence subarea.
4) Calculating the flow of the earth surface flood peak: according to the formula
And (5) simplifying a plurality of different Qm values, and solving a plurality of corresponding tau values to obtain a Qm-tau relation line. In addition, according to the calculated surface net rain process, the surface net rain in the largest time period is taken as the center, and the accumulation is carried out towards the left time period and the right time period according to the sequence of magnitude; calculating the maximum average clear pre-rain degree R of the earth surface in different time periodsWatch (A)/tWatch (A)Then using the formula
Calculating the difference tWatch (A)And (3) obtaining a Qm-t relation line by the corresponding Qm value, drawing points on the same centimeter of lattice paper by using Qm as a vertical coordinate and t and tau as horizontal coordinates of two relation lines of Qm-t and Qm-tau, wherein the horizontal coordinate of the intersection point is the solved designed surface flood peak flow Qm.
(3) Research on flood calculation method for rainstorm in small watershed
The method for calculating the flood through the rainstorm in the small watershed of the Fujian province is finished in 1985, most of selected data are data in 1950-1980, a certain age limit exists at present, and inadaptability of parameters of a calculation formula is gradually shown, wherein an ① flood calculation area is divided into two areas, the area can not be comprehensively reflected on the production convergence live of the Fujian province, the area can be reasonably subdivided according to actual conditions, ② the duration of the flood process of the existing calculation formula is unified into 50 hours (the bottom width of 24h rainstorm surface flood is fixed to be 50 hours, the bottom width of underground flood is fixed to be 100 hours), the flood process line can be improved and designed according to the area size and the convergence duration without being influenced by the convergence time, ③ the factors such as the watershed form (such as bifurcation, long and narrow type, fan-shaped and the like), the influence of the underlying surface, human activities and the like can not be comprehensively considered, in order to improve the adaptability of the calculation formula and improve the calculation accuracy of designing the flood, the original and the extended data series are necessary to carry out comprehensive analysis and research again, and the advanced calculation methods are applied.
It can be seen from the form of the inference formula that, in addition to the basic physical attributes of the drainage basin and the input conditions of the clean rain, the main influence parameter of the output result is the confluence parameter m, and the confluence parameter m value is obtained by searching and calculating the theta value of the drainage basin characteristic parameter theta value in different confluence subareas through related lines or a calculation formula, so that the analysis of the relationship between the m value and the theta value and the search of the connotation of the theta value and the regional distribution rule of the m value are the key to improve the method for calculating the flood for the torrential rain in the small drainage basin.
1) Geographic characteristic parameters:
in the formula:
f: area of drainage basin, km2；
L, length of the main river from watershed to the cross section of the drainage basin outlet, km;
j: the average slope drop per mill of the main river from the watershed to the section of the watershed outlet;
the river basin feature parameter is limited by the current technical means and the difficulty of obtaining basic data, two main parameters in the river basin feature parameters are from the main river channel of the river basin, and obviously, the river basin feature cannot be fully explained. The invention provides a concept of basin comprehensive parameters from the scale of a basin, and the expression of the concept is as follows:
based on DEM data, a grid cell is a calculation cell, fiThe area of a grid unit is (the DEM data used in the research is 30m by 30m DEM data which can be obtained from a geospatial data cloud database, namely, the area of one grid unit is 900m2)；liJudging the flow direction of the water flow in the calculation unit by adopting a D8 method for the effective flow direction length of the water flow in the grid unit, wherein the effective flow direction length is the grid length when the flow direction is in a square direction, and the effective flow direction length is the grid length when the flow direction is in an oblique direction
Doubling; j is a function ofiThe direction gradient of the grid unit and the inflow unit is shown; n is the number of grids.
2) Single station synthesis of m values
① collecting site data including basic attribute data of each site;
② calculating confluent time tau and confluent parameter m of flood of each time by the measured rainfall runoff corresponding data;
③ the m value and the net surface flow rate Qm are plotted on a millimeter paper in points Qm-m, and a stable value of the m value is sought as a representative value of m of a single station.
3) Integration of the confluence parameter m
The purpose of the regional integration of the confluence parameter m is to analyze the relation of the basin integrated parameter omega with the value m on the basis of obtaining the stable value m of each station by carrying out single-station integrated analysis on each station. According to the steps, the internal relation between the two parameters is re-explored in different confluence calculation partitions, and a rainstorm flood calculation formula which is reasonable in comprehensive result and suitable for the Fujian province is obtained.
And 5: parameter sensitivity analysis
The reasoning formula relates to the river basin geographic characteristic parameters of area, river length, river channel specific drop (F, L and J) and the rainstorm statistical parameters (H) of 1 hour, 6 hours and 24 hours1h、Cv1h，H6h、Cv6h，H24h、Cv24h) Eight groups of parameters including a production parameter u and a confluence parameter m. Although the geographical feature parameters of the drainage basin are inherent attributes of the drainage basin, the geographical feature parameters of the drainage basin are obtained by manually calculating through a certain tool, and have certain subjectivity inevitably. Other parameters are derived from the relevant data, and the determination of the values will vary depending on the data and analysis method used. It is necessary to perform sensitivity analysis on the seven parameters to know the influence of each parameter value on the calculation result so as to obtain a more reasonable and reliable result.
The Morris method is widely used as a qualitative global sensitivity analysis method, and can be generally used for screening and identifying the most sensitive parameter (group). The basic idea is to evaluate the output response change caused by the small change of a single factor, namely the proposed basic effect concept, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula:
diω is the base effect of the j-th group of samples with the lower i parameters, j is 1,2,3, …, R (R is the number of repeated samples); n is the number of parameters; x is the number ofiI lower parameters, △ a small variation of a single parameter, f (x)i) Is output for a response corresponding to the parameter set.
The Morris method proposes two calculation indices to judge the sensitivity of the parameters, i.e., the mean μ and standard deviation σ of the fundamental effect, where the mean μ characterizes the sensitivity of the parameters, determines the ordering of the parameters, and the standard deviation σ characterizes the degree of non-linearity or interaction between the parameters.
Firstly, analyzing the relation between the confluence parameter m and the geographic characteristic parameter theta
(1) Fitting of formula relation between convergence parameter m value and geographic characteristic parameter theta
The purpose of regional integration of the convergence parameter m value is to re-explore the internal relation between the m values of different drainage basins and the geographic characteristic parameter theta on the basis of stabilizing the m value of each station, and obtain a scientific and reasonable flood formula with a complex geographic and rainstorm characteristic, which is suitable for the Fujian province.
According to the m value and the geographic characteristic parameter of each station of the reverse thrust
And (4) drawing m-theta correlation lines on the log-log paper. It can be seen from the figure that the m value increases with the increase of the theta value, and the m value of the coastal region is larger than that of the inland region at the same theta value, and the relation of m to theta is divided into 6 attribute partitions according to the distribution situation of the relevant points. The calculation formula is as follows:
I：m＝0.0405θ0.4526：
II：m＝0.0454θ0.5001；
III：m＝0.0523θ0.5184：
IV：m＝0.0675θ0.5234：
V：m＝0.0816θ0.5568；
VI：m＝0.1223θ0.5862。
the formula I is a method for calculating the flood calculation of the rainstorm in the small watershed of the dry river valley area of the Sanming Shaxi of Fujian province;
II, calculating a small watershed rainstorm flood calculation method of the Fujian Sanming Shaxi tributary mountain area;
III, calculating a small watershed rainstorm flood calculation method for inland high mountainous areas in the west of Fujian Min;
IV, calculating a flood calculation method for the rainstorm of a small watershed in the high mountain of Fujian Minnan and the northern mountain of Min;
v, calculating a flood calculation method for a small watershed rainstorm in coastal areas of Fujian Min Zhong-Minbei;
VI, a method for calculating the flood calculation of the rainstorm in the small watershed of the high mountain area of Fujian Minzhong, Minbei and Minbei.
And according to the basin confluence parameter m and the geographic characteristic parameter theta partition results, performing spatial interpolation on each station in Fujian province by using Arcgis software and adopting an inverse distance weighting method (IDW).
Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) is a commonly used point interpolation method that considers the closest sites to a sample point to contribute most to its estimate and the contribution is inversely related to distance. The basic principle is as follows: for a series of discrete points x on a known planeiPosition coordinates of (i ═ 1,2,.. n) |, and attribute value Z (x) thereofi) Any point x in the plane0The attribute value Z of (2) can be obtained by weighting the attribute values of the points in the local neighborhood around the point. Wherein the weighting function WiAnd (4) showing. x is the number of0The attribute value of a point can be expressed as:
in the formula, Z (x)0) X to be estimated0A point attribute value; z (x)i)-x0Ith point x in local area around pointiThe attribute value of (2); n-the number of points in the local domain; wi-xiPoint to x0The weight of the point.
Wherein the weighting function WiCalculated using the formula:
in the formula, p is an arbitrary normal number, and research shows that the higher the power exponent p is, the smoother the interpolation is and the p value generally takes 2; h isiIs the distance from the discrete point to the interpolated point.
According to the partition result of fig. 3, a confluence grade attribute value is given to each hydrological station of each area, and according to the confluence grading attribute of each hydrological station of the Fujian province, the Fujian province is taken as a target range, and the confluence grade of the whole province is subjected to spatial interpolation, and the result is shown in fig. 4.
Secondly, analyzing the relation between the confluence parameter m and the basin comprehensive parameter omega
(1) Fitting of formula relation between convergence parameter m value and drainage basin comprehensive parameter omega
The research of the subject discovers that most of the drainage basins of the stations in the areas with the flood high value of V, VI in Fujian province, such as Wufeng, xi Yuan Gong, Duri, Xiao' an, Qijian, Shi front, and the like, are fan-shaped, and a few of the drainage basins are triangular, such as xi Yuan Gong drainage basin. That is to say, the flood production in the flood high-value area is influenced by the rainstorm factor and the characteristics of the flood area.
In order to better research the relationship among rainstorm, flood and watershed geographic characteristics and reflect the influence of the watershed shape on the flood yield value, the research introduces the concept of a watershed comprehensive coefficient.
ω＝θ′/K3/2
K is the basin shape coefficient, K is F/L2；
Theta' is a basin geographic characteristic parameter,
wherein j is the fall of the watershed surface, namely the fall considering the weight of the watershed tributaries.
According to the concept of the river basin comprehensive parameters, on the basis of regional synthesis of the convergence parameter m value, the internal relation between the m values of different river basins and the river basin comprehensive parameter omega is explored, so that a complex relation flood formula with characteristics of multiple geographies and rainstorm, which is more scientific and reasonable and is suitable for the Fujian province, can be obtained through calculation.
According to the back-deducing, the m value of each station and the geographic characteristic parameter omega is theta'/K3/2And drawing m-omega related lines on the log-log paper. It can be seen from the figure that the m value increases with the increase of the ω value, and at the same ω value, the m value of the coastal region is larger than that of the inland region, and the m- ω relationship is divided into 4 attribute partitions according to the distribution of the relevant points. The calculation formula is as follows:
I：m＝0.0067ω0.6161；
II：m＝0.0361ω0.3223；
III：m＝0.0491ω0.3325；
IV：m＝0.0828ω0.2845；
calculating a small watershed rainstorm flood calculation method of the Fujian Sanming Shaxi dry flow area;
II, calculating a small watershed rainstorm flood calculation method of the inland mountainous area in the west of Fujian Min;
III, calculating a small watershed rainstorm flood calculation method of the Daiyun mountain, the Condor mountain and the Wuyi mountain in Fujian province;
IV, calculating a small drainage area rainstorm flood seeking method of the mountainous areas of the east of Fujian Min, the Wufeng-water making of Xiamen and the Jianxi Jian junction area of the northwest of Min.
(2) Basin partition of confluence parameter m and basin comprehensive coefficient omega
And according to the basin convergence parameter m and the basin comprehensive coefficient omega partition result, performing spatial interpolation on each station in Fujian province by using an Arcgis software and adopting an inverse distance weighting method (IDW).
According to the result of the division in fig. 5, a confluence grade attribute value is given to each hydrological station of each area, and according to the confluence grading attribute of each hydrological station in the Fujian province, the Fujian province is taken as a target range, and the confluence grade of the whole province is subjected to spatial interpolation, and the result is shown in fig. 6.
On the basis of analyzing distribution characteristics of flood areas, taking Fujian province as an example, the invention researches a torrential rain flood calculation method: the existing station survey data of the Fujian area and the surrounding areas are utilized, flood data of the Fujian area are integrated, flood is investigated by utilizing the Fujian area and the surrounding histories, flood characteristics of the Fujian area are analyzed according to the existing rainfall and flood observation series, flood results of each hydrological station of the Fujian province are rechecked, and the flood distribution law of the Fujian area is researched. According to the characteristics of flood time-space distribution of the Fujian province, relevant statistical parameters of different regions are contrastively analyzed, region rules are sought, and Fujian province and production convergence calculation partitions are divided again; acquiring a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the drainage basin of Fujian province, and extracting relatively objective and accurate drainage basin geographic information by adopting an Arcgis hydrological analysis tool; deeply analyzing the rainstorm of the small watershed to obtain flood related parameters, carrying out sensitivity analysis on the related parameters, knowing the influence of each parameter value on a calculation result, revealing the physical cause and influence factors of the rainstorm flood, reconsidering the calculation parameters by using the characteristic parameters of the watershed, and providing a more reasonable and reliable calculation method; in the conditional area, adopting actually measured rainstorm flood data to establish a hydrological model and verifying a new calculation formula; finally, a set of complete system program is established on the basis of the research, namely an output interface which is convenient for inputting and outputting, analyzing the property of the parameters and reserving the calculation elements. The method provides technical support for regional hydraulic engineering planning and design and provides technical support for further determining scientific and reasonable hydraulic engineering scale.
In summary, the method for calculating flood by using small watershed rainstorm provided by the invention aims at the problems that the calculation subareas are simple, the calculation parameters are defective and the like at present; the method comprises the steps of obtaining multiple geographical factors such as a flood confluence area F, an effective flow direction length l of water flow, a water flow direction gradient j and the like by using an Arcgis spatial analysis technology, researching a rainstorm flood relation under the influence of different geographical factors through rainstorm flood spatial-temporal distribution analysis, basin multiple geographical factor analysis and parameter sensitivity analysis, and exploring a distribution rule of a rainstorm flood area. The invention firstly provides the basin comprehensive parameter concept, is applied to the research of the geographical rainstorm composite relation flood formula, enables the calculation result to be more scientific and reasonable, provides more reliable design flood calculation result for the flood calculation of the non-data areas, and provides technical guarantee for the flood control safety of the construction of water conservancy and hydropower and other various wading projects.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for surging flood in small watershed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: flood calculation, including historical flood survey analysis, station flood analysis and regional flood comprehensive analysis;
step 2: analyzing flood space-time distribution rules, including a calculation method and analysis of the flood space-time distribution rules;
and step 3: drainage basin information extraction
The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) comprises a plurality of important drainage basin information in data, and information such as the Elevation, the flow direction, the gradient and the landform and terrain information of each water system can be accurately extracted from the data;
and 4, step 4: analyzing a small watershed rainstorm flood calculation method, wherein the small watershed rainstorm flood calculation method comprises the research of a reasoning basic formula, a solving method and a small watershed rainstorm flood calculation method;
and 5: parameter sensitivity analysis
The reasoning formula relates to the river basin geographic characteristic parameters of area, river length, river channel specific drop (F, L and J) and the rainstorm statistical parameters (H) of 1 hour, 6 hours and 24 hours1h、Cv1h，H6h、Cv6h，H24h、Cv24h) And analyzing the relation between the confluence parameter m and the geographic characteristic parameter theta and the basin comprehensive parameter omega.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the station-measuring flood analysis of step 1, the maximum peak flow and the maximum flood volume are continuously measured for each hydrological station long series, and the statistical parameters of the design peak flow and the maximum flood volume are obtained by adopting a P-III type distribution curve fit line.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in the regional integrated analysis of flood in step 1, the regional integrated analysis uses long series analysis results of each station in the river, contours are drawn on each flood parameter point, the relationship between peak flow, flood volume and river area is analyzed comprehensively, and empirical formulas suitable for different areas are obtained according to natural geography and underlying surface condition, and are examined.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculation method in step 2 is to extract flood elements of the small watershed hydrological stations in Fujian province according to the flood calculation result, select a certain area as a target area for spatial interpolation, and perform spatial interpolation on the flood elements by using Arcgis software.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the analysis of flood spatial and temporal distribution rules of step 2 draws a flood element contour map by the results of spatial interpolation of flood elements.
6. The method for torrential rain flood estimation for small watersheds according to claim 1, wherein step 3 is to extract the geographical feature values of the watersheds by an Arcgis hydrological analysis tool.
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| CN113609665B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2022-12-06 | 中国电建集团河北省电力勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for estimating flood of power engineering in stagnant flood storage area under data-free condition |
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