CN110132160B - Bridge deflection measuring method adopting optical fiber light source - Google Patents
Bridge deflection measuring method adopting optical fiber light source Download PDFInfo
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- CN110132160B CN110132160B CN201910531456.3A CN201910531456A CN110132160B CN 110132160 B CN110132160 B CN 110132160B CN 201910531456 A CN201910531456 A CN 201910531456A CN 110132160 B CN110132160 B CN 110132160B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/167—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by projecting a pattern on the object
Abstract
A bridge deflection measuring method adopting an optical fiber light source relates to the technical field of bridge deflection detection, an optical reflection part is arranged at a measured point at the bottom of a bridge, and a single-mode optical fiber light source emitting device and a facula image receiving end are arranged at the ground or on a bridge pier below the bridge; the single-mode fiber light source emitting device emits laser and receives the laser through the light reflection part and the light spot image receiving end after the laser is reflected by the light reflection part; setting the included angle between the light beam emitted by the single-mode fiber light source emitting device and the ground plane as alpha, and setting the displacement of the light reflecting part attached to the bottom of the bridge in the vertical direction as h, wherein after the light reflecting part reflects the light, the displacement of the light beam center point on the plane perpendicular to the transmission direction of the reflected light is d, and the relation between d and h isThe h value, namely the bridge deflection value, can be calculated by the above formula. The operation is simple, the measurement result is accurate, and conditions can be provided for the real-time online monitoring of the remote multipoint deflection of the constructed bridge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bridge deflection detection, in particular to a bridge deflection measurement method adopting an optical fiber light source.
Background
The bridge is an important component in the traffic system, and the structural safety of the bridge is related to social and economic development and personal safety of people. The deflection data of the bridge plays an important role in health assessment of the bridge structure, deformation conditions of the bridge under the action of external forces such as temperature, humidity, load, wind force and the like can be intuitively reflected through the deflection data, the bridge has a scale effect on the bearing capacity, stress loss and the like of the bridge, and the bridge maintenance work is guided [1].
The current methods for measuring the deflection of the bridge are as follows: (1) Total station method [2]: according to the method, a prism is placed at a position to be measured of a bridge by utilizing a triangle elevation measurement principle, a deflection value is calculated by measuring the change of the height angle between the prism and the total station before and after loading of the bridge, the total station with high price is needed to be used, and when the distance between the reflecting prism and a receiving end is far, the light spot size is large, so that the measurement range and the accuracy of deflection cannot be ensured; (2) inclinometer method [3]: the method is that each part of the bottom of the bridge is provided with an inclinometer, and when the bridge is deformed, an inclination angle change curve of the whole bridge is constructed according to inclination angle data acquired by each part, so that a deflection change curve of the bridge is obtained; (3) communicating piping method [4]: according to the method, bridge piers on two sides of a bridge are selected as measuring datum points, the height of a default datum point does not change along with the change of bridge deflection, then pipelines are paved between the two datum points at intervals, and the bridge deflection value is obtained by measuring the change of the height of a liquid level, so that only the static deflection of the bridge can be measured, and the dynamic deflection of the bridge cannot be measured; in addition, when long-term monitoring is needed, the liquid in the communicating pipe is difficult to ensure that the liquid is not reduced; (4) percent Meter method [5]: the method uses gear rotation to amplify the displacement signal of the bridge, and simultaneously converts the displacement change in the vertical direction into the angle rotation of the pointer, so as to measure the deflection of the bridge, the method usually needs manual reading, and in addition, a measuring instrument cannot be installed through a bracket in many scenes; (5) GPS positioning method: the method is to install a plurality of GPS positioners on each part of the bridge, then set a GPS positioner on a fixed base point as a reference coordinate, establish the three-dimensional coordinate of the bridge according to satellite positioning information received by a GPS receiver, and calculate deflection change.
With the progress of image detection and processing technology, there has been a report of bridge deflection detection by a photoelectric image method in recent years [6]. When the method is implemented, a semiconductor emission light source is usually arranged at the bottom of a bridge, and an image sensor is used for detecting the movement of light spots at an emission point on a bridge pier or the ground; the emitted light can also be arranged on a bridge pier or the ground, a reflecting mirror or a target surface capable of displaying light spots is arranged at the bottom of the bridge, and the light spots reflected back or moving on the target surface are detected.
Because the photosensitive area of the image sensor is usually only in the order of centimeters, when the bridge bottom deflection monitoring point is far away from the image receiver, the size of a light spot reflected back from the reflecting mirror or projected on the target surface can become large, and the requirements of the deflection measuring range and the accuracy are difficult to meet. On the other hand, the light beam emitted directly from the semiconductor laser has a light spot whose transverse distribution is easily changed due to the influence of the working state of the laser, for example, the change of the transverse oscillation mode of the laser and the increase of the ambient temperature or the working temperature of the laser may cause the relative displacement of the laser and the lens collimation system, resulting in the shift of the position of the light spot received by the image sensor and the measurement error.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides the bridge deflection measuring method adopting the optical fiber light source, which is convenient to operate and accurate in measuring result, and can provide conditions for constructing the bridge for remote multipoint deflection real-time on-line monitoring.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the bridge deflection measurement system adopting the optical fiber light source comprises a single-mode optical fiber light source emitting device, a light reflection component and a light spot image receiving end, wherein the light reflection component is arranged at a measured point at the bottom of a bridge, the single-mode optical fiber light source emitting device and the light spot image receiving end are arranged at the ground or on a bridge pier below the bridge, and the single-mode optical fiber light source emitting device is used for emitting laser and receiving the laser after being reflected by the light reflection component.
The single-mode fiber light source emitting device comprises a laser, a single-mode fiber and a collimating lens which are sequentially arranged, wherein the input end of the single-mode fiber is connected with the output end of the laser, the output end of the single-mode fiber corresponds to the right center of the collimating lens, and the working wavelength of the single-mode fiber is matched with the wavelength of the laser, so that light waves are transmitted in the single-mode fiber in a basic mode.
The laser adopts a semiconductor laser, a solid laser, a gas laser or an optical fiber laser.
In one technical scheme, the light reflecting component adopts a plane reflecting mirror, the single-mode fiber light source emitting device is positioned on one side of the ground below the plane reflecting mirror, and the light spot image receiving end is positioned on the other side of the ground below the plane reflecting mirror.
In another technical scheme, the light reflecting component adopts a right-angle reflecting mirror, and the single-mode fiber light source emitting device and the facula image receiving end are arranged on the same side of the bridge pier.
By adopting the method for measuring the bridge deflection by the bridge deflection measuring system adopting the optical fiber light source, the included angle between the light beam emitted by the single-mode optical fiber light source emitting device to the light reflecting component and the ground plane is set as alpha, the displacement of the light reflecting component attached to the bottom of the bridge in the vertical direction is set as h, after the light reflecting component reflects, the displacement of the central point of the light beam on the plane perpendicular to the transmission direction of the reflected light is set as d, and the relation between d and h is as follows:
the h value, namely the bridge deflection value, can be calculated by the above formula.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the single-mode fiber light source emitting device as the light source of the bridge dynamic and static deflection photoelectric detection system, has accurate measurement result, and thoroughly solves the problem of poor spot size and stability possibly existing when a semiconductor or other types of lasers are adopted as the emitting light source. Meanwhile, the single-mode fiber lead can be very long, the single-mode fiber transmitting end does not need to supply power, and the optical signal can be divided into multiple paths to be transmitted simultaneously through the optical divider, so that the invention can provide conditions for constructing the bridge for remote multipoint deflection real-time on-line monitoring.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-mode fiber light source emitting device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear and obvious, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The following two schemes exist according to the installation positions of the transmitting end and the receiving end of the optical fiber.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, embodiment 1 of the present invention includes a single-mode optical fiber light source emitting device, a light reflecting member, and a spot image receiving end;
the light reflection component adopts a plane reflector, the plane reflector is arranged at a measured point at the bottom of a bridge (usually selected at a midspan position with the largest bridge deflection), the single-mode fiber light source emission device is fixed at one side of the ground below the plane reflector, the emission angle of the single-mode fiber light source emission device is adjusted, laser emitted by the single-mode fiber light source emission device is emitted to the ground at the other side through the plane reflector, and then a facula image receiving end is arranged at the position of the light beam.
As shown in fig. 3, the single-mode fiber light source emitting device includes a laser, a single-mode fiber and a collimating lens, which are sequentially arranged, wherein an input end of the single-mode fiber is connected with an output end of the laser, the output end of the single-mode fiber corresponds to a center of the collimating lens, and a working wavelength of the single-mode fiber is matched with a wavelength of the laser, so that light waves are transmitted in the single-mode fiber in a fundamental mode.
According to the wavelength of the laser, a proper single mode fiber is selected to enable light waves at the working wavelength to be transmitted in a fundamental mode in the single mode fiber, so that the transverse field distribution is approximately Gaussian when the light waves are emitted from the end face of the fiber; the size of the light beam on the light spot image receiving surface can be minimized by adjusting the distance between the end face of the single-mode fiber and the collimating lens.
The laser may be a semiconductor laser, a solid state laser, a gas laser, or a fiber laser.
Example 2
For an application scene that a light source transmitting and receiving end is not easy to install on the ground, the following technical scheme can be adopted:
as shown in fig. 2, embodiment 2 of the present invention includes a single-mode optical fiber light source emitting device, a light reflecting member, and a spot image receiving end;
the single-mode fiber light source emitting device is the same as that of the embodiment 1, the light reflecting component adopts a right-angle reflecting mirror, the right-angle reflecting mirror is arranged at a measured point at the bottom of the bridge (usually selected at a midspan position with the largest bridge deflection), and the single-mode fiber light source emitting device and the facula image receiving end are arranged on the same side of the bridge pier so as to enable the original direction of an incident light beam to return.
The method for measuring the deflection of the bridge by adopting the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 of the invention is as follows:
setting the included angle between the light beam emitted by the single-mode fiber light source emitting device to the light reflecting component and the ground plane as alpha, enabling the light reflecting component attached to the bottom of the bridge to displace in the vertical direction as h, enabling the displacement of the light beam center point on the plane perpendicular to the transmission direction of the reflected light to be d after being reflected by the light reflecting component, wherein the relation between d and h is as follows:
the h value, namely the bridge deflection value, can be calculated by the above formula.
Claims (5)
1. A bridge deflection measuring method adopting an optical fiber light source is characterized in that: the light reflection component is arranged at a measured point at the bottom of the bridge, and the single-mode fiber light source emission device and the facula image receiving end are arranged at the ground or on the bridge pier below the bridge; the single-mode fiber light source emitting device emits laser and receives the laser through the light reflection part and the light spot image receiving end after the laser is reflected by the light reflection part; setting the included angle between the light beam emitted by the single-mode fiber light source emitting device to the light reflecting component and the ground plane as alpha, enabling the light reflecting component attached to the bottom of the bridge to displace in the vertical direction as h, enabling the displacement of the light beam center point on the plane perpendicular to the transmission direction of the reflected light to be d after being reflected by the light reflecting component, wherein the relation between d and h is as follows:
the h value, namely the bridge deflection value, can be calculated by the above formula.
2. The bridge deflection measurement method using an optical fiber light source according to claim 1, wherein: the single-mode fiber light source emitting device comprises a laser, a single-mode fiber and a collimating lens which are sequentially arranged, wherein the input end of the single-mode fiber is connected with the output end of the laser, the output end of the single-mode fiber corresponds to the right center of the collimating lens, and the working wavelength of the single-mode fiber is matched with the wavelength of the laser, so that light waves are transmitted in the single-mode fiber in a basic mode.
3. The bridge deflection measuring method adopting the optical fiber light source as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the laser adopts a semiconductor laser, a solid laser, a gas laser or an optical fiber laser.
4. The bridge deflection measurement method using an optical fiber light source according to claim 1, wherein: the light reflection component adopts a plane reflector, the single-mode fiber light source emission device is arranged on one side of the ground below the plane reflector, and the light spot image receiving end is arranged on the other side of the ground below the plane reflector.
5. The bridge deflection measurement method using an optical fiber light source according to claim 1, wherein: the light reflection component is a right-angle reflecting mirror, and the single-mode fiber light source emission device and the facula image receiving end are arranged on the same side and are installed on the ground below the bridge or on the bridge pier.
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| CN201910531456.3A CN110132160B (en) | 2019-06-19 | 2019-06-19 | Bridge deflection measuring method adopting optical fiber light source |
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| CN201910531456.3A CN110132160B (en) | 2019-06-19 | 2019-06-19 | Bridge deflection measuring method adopting optical fiber light source |
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| CN110132160B true CN110132160B (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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| CN110829783B (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-09-03 | 安徽同兴科技发展有限责任公司 | Constant-speed permanent magnet synchronous linear motor and response equation derivation method thereof |
| CN111156904B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-10-30 | 浙江大学 | Non-contact bridge displacement sensing method based on flexible photoelectric sensing array |
| CN115183962B (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2023-03-10 | 深圳大学 | Laser measurement method and system for bridge deflection |
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