CN208283418U - Velocity sensor based on Doppler effect with correcting principle - Google Patents
Velocity sensor based on Doppler effect with correcting principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN208283418U CN208283418U CN201821034929.6U CN201821034929U CN208283418U CN 208283418 U CN208283418 U CN 208283418U CN 201821034929 U CN201821034929 U CN 201821034929U CN 208283418 U CN208283418 U CN 208283418U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the velocity sensors based on Doppler effect with correcting principle, the velocity sensor includes laser and laser beam: laser emits laser beam, laser beam is incident to three corner reflectors, spectroscope receives the laser beam of three corner reflectors reflection and is classified as laser beam one and laser beam two, the laser beam one reflexes to prism, photodetector one receives the laser beam one through refraction by prism and injection, and measure its incoming position, photodetector two receives the laser beam two simultaneously, and measures its incoming position.The utility model passes through Doppler effect: referring to the wavelength of object radiation because the relative motion of light source and observer generates variation, prism is different to the laser refraction angle of different wave length simultaneously, pass through the variation of the incoming position on photodetector of laser beam one, to calculate the speed of testee, while amendment is made to the speed of testee according to the incoming position that photodetector two receives laser beam two.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to field of measuring technique, and in particular to a kind of testing the speed with correcting principle based on Doppler effect
Sensor.
Background technique
In recent years, with the appearance of semiconductor laser and photodetector, make it possible laser triangulation
And it is widely applied.Laser triangulation is by triangular wave optical device and high-precision PSD (Position
Sensitive Device, position sensitive (sensitivity) detector), when object has carried out small size operation, by optical triangulation into
Row amplification, level run amplify distance on photodetector (PSD), to realize high-precision movement or speed in a small range
Degree measurement.Doppler effect is wave source and when observer has relative motion, and observer receives the frequency of wave and wave source issues
Therefore frequency and different phenomenon can carry out speed (size) using Doppler effect and measure.However speed is vector,
Velocity sensor on the market can not be corrected in calculating speed because the direction of motion of object generates itself optical path at present
Deviation so that testee velocity magnitude calculating there is error.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is that proposing a kind of velocity sensor based on Doppler effect with correcting principle.
To achieve the goals above, the utility model the following technical schemes are provided:
A kind of velocity sensor based on Doppler effect with correcting principle, comprising:
Laser, for launching laser beam；
The laser beam is incident to first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, is incident to after the first reflective surface
Second reflecting surface；
Spectroscope is divided into laser beam one and laser beam for receiving the laser beam of the second reflective surface, and by laser beam
Two；
The laser beam one, is incident to prism；
The prism for reflecting incident laser beam one, and transmits away；
Photodetector one for receiving the laser beam one transmitted from the prism, and measures its incoming position；
Photodetector two for receiving the laser beam two transmitted from the spectroscope, and measures its incoming position；
Processing system, incoming position variable quantity, the photoelectricity of the laser beam one for being received according to photodetector one are visited
The incoming position variable quantity for surveying the laser beam two that device two receives, calculates the speed of testee.
In further embodiment, three corner reflector is attached on testee, and three corner reflectors are with measured object
The movement of body and move.By the way that directly three corner reflectors are fixed on testee, wave source can be reached and observer is opposite
The purpose that position changes, and realize that reflection laser is moved synchronously with moving for testee.
In further embodiment, the first reflecting surface of three corner reflector and the angle of the second reflecting surface are right angle.
When the angle of first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface is right angle, it is incident to the incident ray of the first reflecting surface and from the second reflecting surface
The light ray parallel of outgoing minimizes overall structure as far as possible to be conducive to the arrangement of each component in system, be also convenient to by
The speed for surveying object calculates.
In further embodiment, the material of the prism is photonic crystal.Photonic crystal can reduce the dispersion of light with
It is weak.
In further embodiment, the prism includes prism facets one and prism facets two, described to project through spectroscope point
Laser beam one is incident to the prism facets one of prism, and reflects, when the laser beam one after reflecting is incident to prism facets two,
Prism facets two reflect laser beam one again, and project laser beam one from prism facets two.
In further embodiment, the prism facets one connect with prism facets two, and angle is acute angle.
In further embodiment, the receiving plane of photodetector one and the second reflective surface through three corner reflectors
Laser beam is parallel, and the receiving plane of photodetector two is vertical with the laser beam of the second reflective surface through three corner reflectors.
On the other hand, the utility model proposes location variation and speed of service scaling method simultaneously, and steps are as follows:
Step 1: being arranged three corner reflectors on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee；
Step 2: adjustment laser, spectroscope, three corner reflectors, prism, photodetector one, photodetector two
Positional relationship, the first reflecting surface of laser beam three corner reflectors of incidence, is incident to the second reflecting surface after the first reflective surface,
Spectroscope is incident to after the second reflective surface, laser beam is divided into laser beam one and laser beam two by the spectroscope, described
Laser beam one is incident to prism, is received after prism transmission by photodetector one, and the laser beam two is incident to photodetection
Device two；
Step 3: under standard movement direction, speed V1, V2, V3 ... Vn of different sizes is given, is recorded under corresponding speed
Photodetector one location variation X1, X2, X3 ... Xn, record corresponding speed under photodetector two change in location
Y1, Y2, Y3 ... Yn are measured, revised photoelectric probe position variable quantity is X1-kY1, X2-kY2, X3-kY3 ... Xn-kYn,α 2 is the angle for being incident to the receiving plane of laser beam and photodetector two of photodetector two, and α 1 is
It is incident to the angle of the laser beam of photodetector one and the receiving plane of photodetector one, standard is obtained by nonlinear fitting
Under the direction of motion, the formula and/or relation curve of the location variation of movement velocity and photodetector.
On the other hand, the utility model also provides a kind of above-mentioned sensing that tests the speed that correcting principle is had based on Doppler effect
The measurement method of device, comprising the following steps:
Three corner reflectors are set on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee；
Adjust the position pass of laser, spectroscope, three corner reflectors, prism, photodetector one, photodetector two
System, the first reflecting surface of laser beam three corner reflectors of incidence, is incident to the second reflecting surface, through second after the first reflective surface
Spectroscope is incident to after reflective surface, laser beam is divided into laser beam one and laser beam two, the laser beam by the spectroscope
One is incident to prism, is received after prism transmission by photodetector one, and the laser beam two is incident to photodetector two；
Testee does irregular operation along the direction close to or far from laser, and laser transmitting in motion process
First reflecting surface of the laser beam along same optic path to triangle reflecting surface；
The variable quantity and photoelectricity of the incoming position of the laser beam one received during the motion according to photodetector one
The incoming position variable quantity of detector two, calculates the speed of testee.
Compared with prior art, using a kind of survey for having correcting principle based on Doppler effect provided by the utility model
Fast sensor and its measurement method, it has the advantage that: the utility model passes through Doppler effect: refer to the wavelength of object radiation because
For light source and observer relative motion and generate variation, while, root different to the laser refraction angle of different wave length according to prism
The variable quantity of the incoming position of the laser beam one received during the motion according to photodetector one and photodetector two
The speed of incoming position variable quantity calculating testee.The utility model velocity sensor structure is simple, at low cost, and utilizes
The incoming position variable quantity of photodetector two, which has modified, generates itself optical path because the direction of motion of object is irregular
Deviation caused by measurement error, avoid influence of the movement of testee in other directions to tachometric survey, measurement essence
Degree is significantly increased compared with conventional method.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to use required in embodiment in order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution of the utility model embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only some embodiments of the utility model, therefore should not be by
Regard the restriction to range as, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, may be used also
To obtain other relevant attached drawings according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of velocity sensor based on Doppler effect with correcting principle provided in the utility model embodiment
Structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the survey based on Doppler effect with correcting principle of another structure provided in the utility model embodiment
The structural schematic diagram of fast sensor.
Fig. 3 is the survey based on Doppler effect with correcting principle of another structure provided in the utility model embodiment
The structural schematic diagram of fast sensor.
Description of symbols in figure
Laser 1, laser beam 2, laser beam 1, laser beam 2 22, spectroscope 3, testee 4, three corner reflectors 5,
First reflecting surface 51, the second reflecting surface 52, prism 6, prism facets 1, prism facets 2 62, photodetector 1, photodetection
Device 28.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing in the utility model embodiment, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model is carried out clear
Chu is fully described by, it is clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than whole realities
Apply example.The component of the utility model embodiment being usually described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings can be come with a variety of different configurations
Arrangement and design.Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit below
The range of claimed invention, but it is merely representative of the selected embodiment of the utility model.Based on the utility model
Embodiment, those skilled in the art's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, all
Belong to the range of the utility model protection.
It should be noted that standard movement direction described herein refers to, the direction of motion and laser source of testee
Laser direction it is identical；Irregular traffic direction refers to, testee to laser source close to or far from motion process in, remove
Direction other than standard movement direction.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present embodiment schematically discloses a kind of biography that tests the speed based on Doppler effect with correcting principle
Sensor, including laser 1, laser beam 2, laser beam 1, laser beam 2 22, spectroscope 3, three corner reflectors 5, prism 6, photoelectricity
Detector 1, photodetector 28, intermediate cam reflecting mirror, 5 include the first reflecting surface 51 and the second reflecting surface 52, while three
Corner reflector 5 is attached on testee 4, and the prism 6 includes prism facets 1 and prism facets 2 62.
The utility model is based in velocity sensor of the Doppler effect with correcting principle:
For laser 1 for launching laser beam 2, laser beam 2 is incident to the first reflecting surface 51 of three corner reflectors 5, through the
Second reflecting surface 52 is incident to after the reflection of one reflecting surface 51；Spectroscope 3 receives the laser beam 2 of the second reflecting surface 52 reflection
Afterwards, so that laser beam 2 is divided into laser beam 1 and laser beam 2 22, and the laser beam 1 is made to be incident to the rib of prism 6
Mirror surface 1, prism facets 1 make incident laser beam 1 occur to reflect and are incident to prism facets 2 62, prism facets 2 62
So that laser beam 1 reflects again, and project, photodetector 1 receives the laser beam one projected by prism facets 2 62
21, and measure its incoming position.Meanwhile photodetector 28 receives the laser beam 2 22 for dividing injection by spectroscope 3, and measures
Its incoming position.Processing system, incoming position variable quantity, the photoelectricity of the laser beam one for being received according to photodetector one
The incoming position variable quantity for the laser beam two that detector two receives, calculates the speed of testee.
As shown in Figure 1, arrow direction is the direction of motion of testee and three corner reflectors, testee and three corner reflections
Position before mirror movement is indicated by the solid line, and testee is represented by dashed line with three corner reflector post exercise positions.In addition, light
Electric transducer 1 and photoelectric sensor 28 are all made of PSD (Position-Sensitive Detector), the laser beam one before testee movement
21 is indicated by the solid line with laser beam 2 22, and testee post exercise laser beam 1 is represented by dashed line with laser beam 2 22, swashs
Light beam 1 and the transmission path of laser beam 2 22 are as follows:
Before testee movement, for laser 1 for launching laser beam 2, laser beam 2 is incident to the of three corner reflectors 5
One reflecting surface 51 is incident to second reflecting surface 52 after the reflection of the first reflecting surface 51；Spectroscope 3 receives the second reflecting surface 52
After the laser beam 2 of reflection, so that laser beam 2 is divided into laser beam 1 and laser beam 2 22, and the laser beam 1 is entered
The prism facets 1 of prism 6 are incident upon, prism facets 1 make incident laser beam 1 occur to reflect and are incident to prism facets two
62, prism facets 2 62 reflect laser beam 1 again, and project, and photodetector 1 is received by prism facets 2 62
The laser beam 1 of injection, and measure its incoming position.It is denoted as the first incoming position herein at this time.
Meanwhile photodetector 28 receives the laser beam 2 22 for dividing injection by spectroscope 3, and measures its incoming position.This
When be denoted as the second incoming position herein.
(testee does irregular movement along the direction close to or far from laser, i.e., edge is not advised after testee movement
Then the direction of motion moves), for laser 1 for launching laser beam 2, laser beam 2 is incident to the first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors 5
51, second reflecting surface 52 is incident to after the reflection of the first reflecting surface 51；Spectroscope 3 receives swashing for the second reflecting surface 52 reflection
After light beam 2, so that laser beam 2 is divided into laser beam 1 and laser beam 2 22, and the laser beam 1 is made to be incident to prism 6
Prism facets 1, prism facets 1 make incident laser beam 1 occur to reflect and are incident to prism facets 2 62, prism facets
2 62 reflect laser beam 1 again, and project, and photodetector 1 receives the laser projected by prism facets 2 62
Beam 1, and measure its incoming position.It is denoted as third incoming position herein at this time.
Meanwhile photodetector 28 receives the laser beam 2 22 for dividing injection by spectroscope 3, and measures its incoming position.This
When be denoted as the 4th incoming position herein.
The incoming position that photodetector one detects can be obtained according to the first incoming position and third incoming position to become
Change amount, meanwhile, the incidence that photodetector two detects can be calculated by the second incoming position and the 4th incoming position
Location variation, the location variation detected to photodetector one are modified, and recycle revised location variation
The size of the movement velocity of accurate testee can be calculated.
Doppler shift formula is as follows:
The frequency relation of observer and emission source is shown in formula 1:
F' is the frequency observed；
F is original transmitted frequency of the transmitting in the medium；
V is the travel speed of wave in the medium；
v0For observer's movement speed, if close to emission source front oeprator be+number, otherwise for-number；
vsFor emission source movement speed, if close to observer front oeprator be-number, otherwise for+number.
For the utility model, laser emitting source is stationary, then Doppler shift formula can simplify as formula
2:
Since the wavelength of optical material refractive index and light belongs to non-linear relation, the biography that tests the speed based on above structure
Sense, the utility model proposes the scaling methods of a kind of location variation and movement velocity, and steps are as follows:
Step 1: being arranged three corner reflectors on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee；
Step 2: adjustment laser, spectroscope, three corner reflectors, prism, photodetector one, photodetector two
Positional relationship, the first reflecting surface of laser beam three corner reflectors of incidence, is incident to the second reflecting surface after the first reflective surface,
Spectroscope is incident to after the second reflective surface, laser beam is divided into laser beam one and laser beam two by the spectroscope, described
Laser beam one is incident to prism, is received after prism transmission by photodetector one, and the laser beam two is incident to photodetection
Device two；
Step 3: under standard movement direction, speed V1, V2, V3 ... Vn of different sizes is given, is recorded under corresponding speed
Photodetector one location variation X1, X2, X3 ... Xn, record corresponding speed under photodetector two change in location
Y1, Y2, Y3 ... Yn are measured, revised photoelectric probe position variable quantity is X1-kY1, X2-kY2, X3-kY3 ... Xn-kYn,α 2 is the angle for being incident to the receiving plane of laser beam and photodetector two of photodetector two, and α 1 is
It is incident to the angle of the laser beam of photodetector one and the receiving plane of photodetector one, as shown in Fig. 2, passing through Nonlinear Quasi
It closes and obtains under standard movement direction, the formula and/or relation curve of the location variation of movement velocity and photodetector.
It in practical applications, can be according to the formula or relation curve and photodetector one that above-mentioned scaling method obtains
The incoming position variable quantity measured with photodetector two, obtains the movement velocity of testee.
(solid line being located above in figure between PSD1 and prism is equivalent line) as shown in figures 2 and 3, due to testee
The direction of motion it is irregular so that in the process of movement, the laser beam of the second reflective surface of three corner reflectors cannot edge
Original optical path is incident to the prism facets one of prism, but certain offset (t shown in figure) has occurred, after leading to prism transmission
Laser beam is deviated when compared to moving along standard movement direction in the incoming position of photodetector one, and offset is
X1 shown in figure, so that the displacement variable (being assumed to be x) that photodetector one is actually detected, both stimulated light wavelength changes
It is caused, it is also irregularly caused by the direction of motion, therefore to eliminate and calculate error caused by direction of motion scrambling.By Fig. 2 or 3
It is found thatTherefore haveIt is i.e. practical to photodetector one
The displacement variable x detected is modified, revised displacement are as follows:α 2 is incidence
To the angle of the receiving plane of the laser beam and photodetector two of photodetector two, α 1 is to be incident to swashing for photodetector one
The angle of the receiving plane of light beam and photodetector one.Again with revised displacement and formula obtained by calibrating or relation curve
The movement velocity of testee can be calculated.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the angle of first reflecting surface 8 and the second reflecting surface 9 is right angle.It is easy
Understand, herein by the angle of the first reflecting surface 8 and the second reflecting surface 9 be set as right angle be for the ease of the arrangement of each component,
The size for reducing whole equipment as far as possible, and facilitates the calculating of testee movement velocity, is guaranteeing that laser beam is incident to triangle
First reflecting surface 8 of reflecting mirror 5 is incident to second reflecting surface 9, the second reflecting surface 9 after the reflection of the first reflecting surface 8
In the case where can be by laser reflection to spectroscope 5, the angle degree of the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface not be limited.
It is attached on testee 4 as one kind preferably embodiment, three corner reflectors 5, three corner reflectors are with quilt
It surveys the movement of object and moves.By the way that directly three corner reflectors are fixed on testee, wave source and observer can be reached
The purpose that relative position changes, and realize that reflection laser is moved synchronously with moving for testee.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, prism facets 1 with prism facets 2 62 are at an acute angle connects.Ensureing laser beam
One 21 entrance prisms 6, prism 6 reflect the laser beam 1, and after transmiting away, and laser beam 1 still can be incident
In the case where photodetector 1, the angle degree of prism facets 1 Yu prism facets 2 62 is not limited.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the material of the prism 6 is preferably photonic crystal.Photonic crystal is used herein
Be in order to reduce the dispersion of light with it is weak, guarantee laser beam 1 remain to be incident to photodetector 1 in the case where, to rib
The material of mirror is with no restrictions.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the receiving plane of the photodetector 1 and second through three corner reflectors
The laser beam that reflecting surface 9 reflects is parallel, and the receiving plane of photodetector 28 is reflected with the second reflecting surface 9 through three corner reflectors
Laser beam it is vertical.Readily comprehensible, setting herein is the size in order to reduce whole equipment, and testee is facilitated to move
The calculating of speed does not limit the placement angle of photodetector herein.
Preferably meet as one kind preferably embodiment, spectroscopical placement position: the laser beam of the second reflective surface
It is incident to spectroscope in 45 °, so that the overall structure of velocity sensor is beautiful, the placement position of certain spectroscope and prism can also
To be not particularly limited, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
The band correcting principle velocity sensor based on Doppler effect provided in above-mentioned the present embodiment, is based on Doppler
Effect realizes that the structure of entire velocity sensor is simple, at low cost, and measurement accuracy is high.
Based on the above-mentioned velocity sensor for having correcting principle based on Doppler effect, measurement method includes following step
It is rapid:
Step 1:
Three corner reflectors are set on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee；
Step 2:
Adjust the position pass of laser, spectroscope, three corner reflectors, prism, photodetector one, photodetector two
System, the first reflecting surface of laser beam three corner reflectors of incidence, through the first reflective surface to the second reflecting surface, through the second reflecting surface
Spectroscope is incident to after reflection, laser beam is divided into laser beam one and laser beam two by the spectroscope, and the laser beam one is incident
It to prism, is received after prism transmission by photodetector one, the laser beam two is incident to photodetector two；
Step 3:
Testee does irregular operation along the direction close to or far from laser, and laser transmitting in motion process
First reflecting surface of the laser beam along same optic path to triangle reflecting surface；
Step 4:
The variable quantity and photoelectricity of the incoming position of the laser beam one received during the motion according to photodetector one
The incoming position variable quantity of detector two, calculates the speed of testee.
When testee is run not in accordance with standard movement direction, incoming position variable quantity on photodetector one by
Two factors determine, i.e. the speed of service (size) and traffic direction of testee, in this embodiment scheme, pass through photodetection
The incoming position variable quantity that device two measures can measure change in location caused by the direction of motion, therefore, utilize photodetector two
The data that the data measured measure photodetector one are modified, and can eliminate the direction of motion to the number of photodetector one
According to influence, and then improve measurement accuracy.
Above description is only a specific implementation of the present invention, the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to
This, anyone skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the utility model, can readily occur in variation or
Replacement, should be covered within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of velocity sensor based on Doppler effect with correcting principle characterized by comprising
It can be with three corner reflectors of testee synchronizing moving, including the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface；
Laser, for launching laser beam；
The laser beam is incident to first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, is incident to after the first reflective surface described
Second reflecting surface；
Spectroscope is divided into laser beam one and laser beam two for receiving the laser beam of the second reflective surface, and by laser beam；
The laser beam one, is incident to prism；
The prism for reflecting incident laser beam one, and transmits away；
Photodetector one for receiving the laser beam one transmitted from the prism, and measures its incoming position；
Photodetector two for receiving the laser beam two transmitted from the spectroscope, and measures its incoming position；
Processing system, incoming position variable quantity, the photodetector of the laser beam one for being received according to photodetector one
The incoming position variable quantity of two laser beams two received, calculates the speed of testee.
2. the velocity sensor according to claim 1 based on Doppler effect with correcting principle, which is characterized in that described
Angle between the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface of three corner reflectors is right angle.
3. the velocity sensor according to claim 1 or 2 based on Doppler effect with correcting principle, which is characterized in that
The laser beam of second reflective surface is incident to spectroscope in 45 °.
4. the velocity sensor according to claim 1 based on Doppler effect with correcting principle, which is characterized in that described
The material of prism is photonic crystal.
5. the velocity sensor according to claim 4 based on Doppler effect with correcting principle, which is characterized in that described
Prism includes prism facets one and prism facets two, and the laser beam one projected through spectroscope point is incident to the prism facets one of prism,
And reflect, when the laser beam one after reflecting is incident to prism facets two, prism facets two occur that laser beam one again
Refraction, and project laser beam one from prism facets two.
6. the velocity sensor according to claim 5 based on Doppler effect with correcting principle, which is characterized in that described
Prism facets one connect with prism facets two, and angle is acute angle.
7. the velocity sensor according to claim 1 based on Doppler effect with correcting principle, which is characterized in that photoelectricity
The receiving plane of detector one is parallel with the laser beam of the second reflective surface through three corner reflectors；And/or photodetector two
Receiving plane it is vertical with the laser beam of the second reflective surface through three corner reflectors.
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| CN201821034929.6U CN208283418U (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2018-07-02 | Velocity sensor based on Doppler effect with correcting principle |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108646047A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-10-12 | 北方民族大学 | Based on tachogenerator of the Doppler effect with correcting principle and calibration and measurement method |
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2018
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108646047A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-10-12 | 北方民族大学 | Based on tachogenerator of the Doppler effect with correcting principle and calibration and measurement method |
| CN108646047B (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2024-03-26 | 哈工科讯(沈阳)工业技术研究院有限公司 | Speed measuring sensor based on Doppler effect band correction structure and calibration and measurement method |
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