CN208596228U - Velocity sensor based on Doppler effect - Google Patents

Velocity sensor based on Doppler effect Download PDF

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Publication number
CN208596228U
CN208596228U CN201821034926.2U CN201821034926U CN208596228U CN 208596228 U CN208596228 U CN 208596228U CN 201821034926 U CN201821034926 U CN 201821034926U CN 208596228 U CN208596228 U CN 208596228U
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prism
laser beam
laser
reflecting surface
incident
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Chinese (zh)
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王志会
张怡
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North Minzu University
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North Minzu University
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of velocity sensors based on Doppler effect, the velocity sensor includes laser and laser beam: laser emits laser beam, laser beam is incident to the first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, the second reflecting surface is incident to after the first reflective surface, reflective mirror receives the laser of the second reflective surface and laser beam is reflexed to prism, prism reflects the laser beam of the mirror reflection, and it transmits away, photodetector receives the laser beam through refraction by prism and injection, and measures its incoming position.The utility model passes through Doppler effect: referring to the wavelength of object radiation because the relative motion of light source and observer generates variation, prism is different to the laser refraction angle of different wave length simultaneously, by the variation of laser incoming position on photodetector, to calculate the speed of testee.The utility model measurement structure is simple, at low cost, and measurement accuracy is significantly increased compared with conventional method.

Description

Velocity sensor based on Doppler effect
Technical field
The utility model relates to field of measuring technique, and in particular to a kind of velocity sensor based on Doppler effect.
Background technique
In recent years, with the appearance of semiconductor laser and photodetector, make it possible laser triangulation And it is widely applied.Laser triangulation is by triangular wave optical device and high-precision PSD (Position Sensitive Device, position sensitive (sensitivity) detector), when object has carried out small size operation, by optical triangulation into Row amplification, level run amplify distance on photodetector (PSD), to realize high-precision operation or speed in a small range Degree measurement.Doppler effect is wave source and when observer has relative motion, and observer receives the frequency of wave and wave source issues Therefore frequency and different phenomenon can carry out tachometric survey using Doppler effect.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is that proposing a kind of velocity sensor based on Doppler effect.
To achieve the goals above, the utility model the following technical schemes are provided:
A kind of velocity sensor based on Doppler effect, comprising:
It can be with three corner reflectors of testee synchronizing moving, including the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface;
Laser beam is incident to first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, is incident to after the first reflective surface described Second reflecting surface;
Reflective mirror for receiving the laser beam of the second reflective surface, and makes the laser beam reflex to prism;
The prism for reflecting the laser beam of the mirror reflection, and transmits away;
Photodetector for receiving the laser beam transmitted from the prism, and measures its incoming position;
The incoming position variable quantity of processing system, the laser for being received according to photodetector calculates testee Transportation load.
In further embodiment, three corner reflector is attached on testee, and three corner reflectors are with measured object The movement of body and move.By the way that directly three corner reflectors are fixed on testee, wave source can be reached and observer is opposite The purpose that position changes, and realize that reflection laser is moved synchronously with moving for testee.
In further embodiment, the first reflecting surface of three corner reflector and the angle of the second reflecting surface are right angle. When the angle of first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface is right angle, it is incident to the incident ray of the first reflecting surface and from the second reflecting surface The light ray parallel of outgoing minimizes overall structure as far as possible to be conducive to the arrangement of each component in system, be also convenient to by The speed for surveying object calculates.
In further embodiment, the material of the prism is photonic crystal.Photonic crystal can reduce the dispersion of light with It is weak.
In further embodiment, the prism includes prism facets one and prism facets two, the swashing through mirror reflection Light beam is incident to the prism facets one of prism, and reflects, when laser light incident to prism facets two after reflecting, prism facets two So that laser reflects again, and project laser from prism facets two.
On the other hand, the utility model proposes the location variation and fortune of the velocity sensor based on Doppler effect simultaneously Dynamic rate calibration method, steps are as follows:
Step 1: being arranged three corner reflectors on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee;
Step 2: the positional relationship of adjustment laser, three corner reflectors, reflective mirror, prism and photodetector, so that swashing The laser beam that light device projects is incident to the first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, is incident to reflective mirror after the second reflective surface, Through mirror reflection to prism, it is received by a photoelectric detector after prism transmission;
Step 3: giving speed V1, V2, V3 ... Vn of different sizes, records the photoelectric probe position under corresponding speed Variable quantity obtains the formula and/relation curve of the location variation of movement velocity and photodetector by nonlinear fitting.
On the other hand, the utility model provides a kind of measurement of above-mentioned velocity sensor based on Doppler effect simultaneously Method, comprising the following steps:
Three corner reflectors are set on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee;
The positional relationship for adjusting laser, three corner reflectors, reflective mirror, prism and photodetector, so that laser is penetrated Laser beam out is incident to the first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, reflective mirror is incident to after the second reflective surface, through reflective Mirror reflexes to prism, is received by a photoelectric detector after prism transmission;
Testee is run along the direction close to or far from laser, and the laser beam edge that laser emits in operational process Same optic path is to reflective mirror, and by the same position of mirror reflection to prism;
The location variation of the incident ray received in the process of running according to photodetector calculates testee Speed.
Meanwhile the utility model also proposes another velocity sensor based on Doppler effect, comprising:
It can be with three corner reflectors of testee synchronizing moving, including the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface, the first reflection The angle of face and the second reflecting surface is right angle;
Laser beam is incident to first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, is incident to after the first reflective surface described Second reflecting surface;
Prism for reflecting the laser beam of second reflective surface, and transmits away;
Photodetector for receiving the laser beam transmitted from the prism, and measures its incoming position;
The incoming position variable quantity of processing system, the laser for being received according to photodetector calculates testee Speed.
On the other hand, the utility model also proposed the position of the above-mentioned another velocity sensor based on Doppler effect The scaling method of variable quantity and movement velocity, steps are as follows:
Step 1: being arranged three corner reflectors on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee;
Step 2: the positional relationship of adjustment laser, three corner reflectors, prism and photodetector, so that laser is penetrated Laser beam out is incident to the first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, is incident to after the second reflective surface to prism, through prism It is received by a photoelectric detector after transmission;
Step 3: given speed V1, V2, V3 ... Vn records the photoelectric probe position variable quantity under corresponding speed, passes through Nonlinear fitting obtains the formula and/or relation curve of the location variation of movement velocity and photodetector.
On the other hand, the utility model also proposes the measurement side of the above-mentioned another velocity sensor based on Doppler effect Method, comprising the following steps:
Three corner reflectors are set on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee;
The positional relationship of laser, three corner reflectors, prism and photodetector is adjusted, so that the laser that laser projects Beam is incident to the first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, prism is incident to after the second reflective surface, by light after prism transmission Electric explorer receives;
Testee is run along the direction close to or far from laser, and the laser beam edge that laser emits in operational process Same optic path to prism same position;
The location variation of the incident ray received in the process of running according to photodetector calculates testee Speed.
Compared with prior art, using a kind of velocity sensor based on Doppler effect provided by the utility model and its Scaling method and measurement method, it has the advantage that: the utility model passes through Doppler effect: refer to object radiation wavelength because The relative motion of light source and observer and generate variation, while it is different to the laser refraction angle of different wave length according to prism, pass through The variation of laser incoming position on photodetector, to calculate the speed of service of testee.The utility model measurement Structure is simple, at low cost, and measurement accuracy is significantly increased compared with conventional method.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to use required in embodiment in order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution of the utility model embodiment Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only some embodiments of the utility model, therefore should not be by Regard the restriction to range as, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, may be used also To obtain other relevant attached drawings according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is that a kind of structure of the velocity sensor based on Doppler effect provided in the utility model embodiment 1 is shown It is intended to.
Fig. 2 is that a kind of structure of the velocity sensor based on Doppler effect provided in the utility model embodiment 2 is shown It is intended to.
Description of symbols in figure
Laser 1, laser beam 2, testee 3, three corner reflectors 4, reflective mirror 5, prism 6, photodetector 7, first Reflecting surface 8, the second reflecting surface 9, prism facets 1, prism facets 2 11.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing in the utility model embodiment, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model is carried out clear Chu is fully described by, it is clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than whole realities Apply example.The component of the utility model embodiment being usually described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings can be come with a variety of different configurations Arrangement and design.Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit below The range of claimed invention, but it is merely representative of the selected embodiment of the utility model.Based on the utility model Embodiment, those skilled in the art's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, all Belong to the range of the utility model protection.
Embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 1, the present embodiment schematically discloses a kind of velocity sensor based on Doppler effect, including swash Light device 1, three corner reflectors 4, reflective mirror 5, prism 6, photodetector 7, intermediate cam reflecting mirror 4 include 8 He of the first reflecting surface Second reflecting surface 9, while three corner reflectors 4 are attached on testee 3, the prism 6 includes prism facets 1 and prism facets 2 11.
The utility model is based in the velocity sensor of Doppler effect:
For laser 1 for launching laser beam 2, laser beam 2 is incident to first reflecting surface 8 of three corner reflectors 4, warp Second reflecting surface 9 is incident to after the reflection of first reflecting surface 8;After reflective mirror 5 receives the laser beam of the second reflecting surface 9 reflection, So that laser beam reflects, the prism facets 1 of prism 6 are incident to, prism facets 1 roll over incident laser beam 2 Penetrate and be incident to prism facets 2 11, prism facets two reflect laser beam 2 again, and project, photodetector 7 receive by The laser beam 2 that prism facets 2 11 project, and measure its incoming position.Processing system, for what is received according to photodetector 7 The incoming position variable quantity of laser beam 2 calculates the speed of service of testee.
Doppler shift formula is as follows:
The frequency relation of observer and emission source is shown in formula 1:
F ' is the frequency observed;
F is original transmitted frequency of the transmitting in the medium;
V is the travel speed of wave in the medium;
v0For observer's movement speed, if close to emission source front oeprator be+number, otherwise for-number;
vsFor emission source movement speed, if close to observer front oeprator be-number, otherwise for+number.
For the utility model, laser emitting source is stationary, then Doppler shift formula can simplify as formula 2:
Since the wavelength of optical material refractive index and light belongs to non-linear relation, the utility model proposes change in location Amount and movement velocity scaling method.Steps are as follows:
Step 1: being arranged three corner reflectors on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee;
Step 2: the positional relationship of adjustment laser, three corner reflectors, reflective mirror, prism and photodetector, so that swashing The laser beam that light device projects is incident to the first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, is incident to reflective mirror after the second reflective surface, Through mirror reflection to prism, it is received by a photoelectric detector after prism transmission;
Step 3: given speed V1, V2, V3 ... Vn records the photoelectric probe position variable quantity under corresponding speed, passes through The formula and/or relation curve of nonlinear fitting acquisition speed and photoelectric probe position variable quantity.When pass through the above-mentioned biography that tests the speed When sensor measures the location variation on photodetector, measured object can be obtained by relation curve obtained by calibrating or formula The movement velocity of body.
As shown in Figure 1, arrow direction is operation (movement) direction of testee and three corner reflectors, in addition, photoelectricity Sensor 7 uses PSD, and the laser beam 2, testee 3, three corner reflectors 4 before operation are indicated by the solid line, postrun laser beam 2, testee 3, three corner reflectors 4 are represented by dashed line, and the transmission path of laser beam 2 is as follows:
Before operation, laser 1 emits laser beam 2, and laser beam 2 is incident to first reflecting surface 8 of three corner reflectors 4, Second reflecting surface 9 is incident to after the reflection of the first reflecting surface 8;Reflective mirror 5 receives the laser beam of the second reflecting surface 9 reflection 2, and laser beam 2 is reflexed to the prism facets 1 of prism 6, prism facets 1 make the hair of laser beam 2 reflect and be incident to prism Face 2 11, prism facets 2 11 make laser beam 2 occur to reflect and be incident upon photodetector 7 again, and photodetector 7 is received through rib The laser beam 2 that mirror surface 2 11 is reflected and projected, and its incoming position is measured, it is denoted as the first incoming position at this time.
(testee is run along the direction close to or far from laser, is shown only in Fig. 1 along close to laser after operation Direction operation the case where), laser 1 emits laser beam 2, and laser beam 2 is incident to first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors 4 8, second reflecting surface 9 is incident to after the reflection of the first reflecting surface 8;Reflective mirror 5 receives the laser beam of the second reflecting surface 9 reflection 2, and laser beam 2 is reflexed to the prism facets 1 of prism 6, prism facets 1 make laser beam 2 occur to reflect and are incident to rib Mirror surface 2 11, prism facets 2 11 make laser beam 2 occur to reflect and be incident upon photodetector 7 again, and photodetector 7 receives warp The laser beam 2 that prism facets 2 11 are reflected and projected, and its incoming position is measured, it is denoted as the second incoming position at this time.
The location variation that incident ray can be obtained according to the first incoming position and the second incoming position, in conjunction with above-mentioned public affairs Formula can calculate the speed of testee.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the angle of first reflecting surface 8 and the second reflecting surface 9 is right angle.It is easy Understand, herein by the angle of the first reflecting surface 8 and the second reflecting surface 9 be set as right angle be for the ease of the arrangement of each component, The size for reducing whole equipment as far as possible, and facilitates the calculating of testee movement velocity, is guaranteeing that laser beam is incident to triangle First reflecting surface 8 of reflecting mirror 4 is incident to second reflecting surface 9, the second reflecting surface after the reflection of the first reflecting surface 8 In the case that 9 can be by laser reflection to reflective mirror 5, the angle degree of the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface is not limited.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the material of the prism 6 is preferably photonic crystal.Photonic crystal is used herein Be in order to reduce the dispersion of light with it is weak, guarantee laser beam 2 remain to be incident to photodetector 7 in the case where, to prism Material is with no restrictions.
The velocity sensor based on Doppler effect provided in above-mentioned the present embodiment is based on Doppler effect and realizes, The structure of entire velocity sensor is simple, at low cost, and measurement accuracy is high.
Based on the above-mentioned velocity sensor based on Doppler effect, measurement method the following steps are included:
Step 1:
Three corner reflectors are set on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee;
Step 2:
The positional relationship for adjusting laser, three corner reflectors, reflective mirror, prism and photodetector, so that laser is penetrated Laser beam out is incident to the first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, reflective mirror is incident to after the second reflective surface, through reflective Mirror reflexes to prism, is received by a photoelectric detector after prism transmission;
Step 3:
Testee is run along the direction close to or far from laser, and the laser beam edge that laser emits in operational process Same optic path is to reflective mirror, and by the same position of mirror reflection to prism;
Step 4:
The location variation of the incident ray received in the process of running according to photodetector calculates testee The speed of service.
Embodiment 2
Referring to Fig. 2, the present embodiment schematically discloses a kind of velocity sensor based on Doppler effect, including swash Light device 1, three corner reflectors 4, prism 6, photodetector 7, intermediate cam reflecting mirror 4 include the first reflecting surface 8 and the second reflection The angle of face 9, the first reflecting surface 8 and the second reflecting surface 9 is right angle, while three corner reflectors 4 are attached on testee 3, institute Stating prism 6 includes prism facets 1 and prism facets 2 11.
The utility model is based in the velocity sensor of Doppler effect:
For laser 1 for launching laser beam 2, laser beam 2 is incident to first reflecting surface 8 of three corner reflectors 4, warp Second reflecting surface 9 is incident to after the reflection of first reflecting surface 8;The laser beam 2 reflected through the second reflecting surface 9 is incident to prism 6 Prism facets 1, prism facets 1 make incident laser beam 2 occur to reflect and are incident to prism facets 2 11, and prism facets two make It obtains laser beam 2 to reflect again, and projects, photodetector 7 receives the laser beam 2 projected by prism facets 2 11, and measures Its incoming position.The incoming position variable quantity of processing system, the laser beam 2 for being received according to photodetector 7 calculates The speed of service of testee.
Doppler shift formula is as follows:
The frequency relation of observer and emission source is shown in formula 1:
F ' is the frequency observed;
F is original transmitted frequency of the transmitting in the medium;
V is the travel speed of wave in the medium;
v0For observer's movement speed, if close to emission source front oeprator be+number, otherwise for-number;
vsFor emission source movement speed, if close to observer front oeprator be-number, otherwise for+number.
For the utility model, laser emitting source is stationary, then Doppler shift formula can simplify as formula 2:
Since the wavelength of optical material refractive index and light belongs to non-linear relation, the utility model proposes change in location Amount and movement velocity scaling method.Steps are as follows:
Step 1: being arranged three corner reflectors on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee;
Step 2: the positional relationship of adjustment laser, three corner reflectors, prism and photodetector, so that laser is penetrated Laser beam out is incident to the first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, is incident to prism after the second reflective surface, saturating through prism It is received by a photoelectric detector after penetrating;
Step 3: giving speed V1, V2, V3 ... Vn of different sizes, records the photoelectric probe position under corresponding speed Variable quantity obtains the formula and/or relation curve of the location variation of movement velocity and photodetector by nonlinear fitting.
As shown in Fig. 2, arrow direction is operation (movement) direction of testee and three corner reflectors, in addition, photoelectricity Sensor 7 uses PSD, and the laser beam 2, testee 3, three corner reflectors 4 before operation are indicated by the solid line, postrun laser beam 2, testee 3, three corner reflectors 4 are represented by dashed line, and the transmission path of laser beam 2 is as follows:
Before operation, laser 1 emits laser beam 2, and laser beam 2 is incident to first reflecting surface 8 of three corner reflectors 4, Second reflecting surface 9 is incident to after the reflection of the first reflecting surface 8;Laser beam 2 reflexes to the prism facets 1 of prism 6, prism Face 1 makes the hair of laser beam 2 reflect and be incident to prism facets 2 11, and prism facets 2 11 make laser beam 2 that refraction occur again simultaneously It is incident upon photodetector 7, photodetector 7 receives the laser beam 2 for reflecting and projecting through prism facets 2 11, and measures its incident position It sets, is denoted as the first incoming position at this time.
(testee is run along the direction close to or far from laser, is shown only in Fig. 1 along close to laser after operation Direction operation the case where), laser 1 emits laser beam 2, and laser beam 2 is incident to first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors 4 8, second reflecting surface 9 is incident to after the reflection of the first reflecting surface 8;Laser beam 2 reflexes to the prism facets 1 of prism 6, rib Mirror surface 1 makes laser beam 2 occur to reflect and is incident to prism facets 2 11, and prism facets 2 11 occur that laser beam 2 again Photodetector 7 is reflected and is incident to, photodetector 7 receives the laser beam 2 for reflecting and projecting through prism facets 2 11, and measures Its incoming position is denoted as the second incoming position at this time.
The location variation that incident ray can be obtained according to the first incoming position and the second incoming position, in conjunction with above-mentioned mark Surely the formula or relation curve that obtain can calculate the speed of testee.
Based on the above-mentioned velocity sensor based on Doppler effect, measurement method the following steps are included:
Three corner reflectors are set on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee;
The positional relationship of laser, three corner reflectors, prism and photodetector is adjusted, so that the laser that laser projects Beam is incident to the first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, prism is incident to after the second reflective surface, by light after prism transmission Electric explorer receives;
Testee is run along the direction close to or far from laser, and the laser beam edge that laser emits in operational process Same optic path to prism same position;
The location variation of the incident ray received in the process of running according to photodetector calculates testee Speed.
In contrast velocity sensor in the present embodiment, has lacked spectroscopical use, structure is simpler.
Above description is only a specific implementation of the present invention, the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to This, anyone skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the utility model, can readily occur in variation or Replacement, should be covered within the scope of the utility model.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of velocity sensor based on Doppler effect characterized by comprising
It can be with three corner reflectors of testee synchronizing moving, including the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface;
Laser beam is incident to first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, described second is incident to after the first reflective surface Reflecting surface;
Reflective mirror for receiving the laser beam of the second reflective surface, and makes the laser beam reflex to prism;
The prism for reflecting the laser beam of the mirror reflection, and transmits away;
Photodetector for receiving the laser beam transmitted from the prism, and measures its incoming position;
The incoming position variable quantity of processing system, the laser for being received according to photodetector calculates the speed of testee Degree.
2. the velocity sensor according to claim 1 based on Doppler effect, which is characterized in that three corner reflector It is attached on testee.
3. the velocity sensor according to claim 1 based on Doppler effect, which is characterized in that three corner reflector The first reflecting surface and the angle of the second reflecting surface be right angle.
4. the velocity sensor according to claim 1 based on Doppler effect, which is characterized in that the material of the prism For photonic crystal.
5. the velocity sensor according to claim 1 based on Doppler effect, which is characterized in that the prism includes rib Mirror surface one and prism facets two, the laser beam through mirror reflection is incident to the prism facets one of prism, and reflects, and occurs When laser light incident to prism facets two after refraction, prism facets two reflect laser again, and make laser from prism facets two It projects.
6. a kind of velocity sensor based on Doppler effect characterized by comprising
Can with three corner reflectors of testee synchronizing moving, including the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface, the first reflecting surface with The angle of second reflecting surface is right angle;
Laser beam is incident to first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors, described second is incident to after the first reflective surface Reflecting surface;
Prism for reflecting the laser beam of second reflective surface, and transmits away;
Photodetector for receiving the laser beam transmitted from the prism, and measures its incoming position;
The incoming position variable quantity of processing system, the laser for being received according to photodetector calculates the speed of testee Degree.
CN201821034926.2U 2018-07-02 2018-07-02 Velocity sensor based on Doppler effect Withdrawn - After Issue CN208596228U (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108594257A (en) * 2018-07-02 2018-09-28 北方民族大学 Tachogenerator and its scaling method based on Doppler effect and measurement method
CN110470863A (en) * 2019-09-03 2019-11-19 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 A kind of speed measuring device calibration system and scaling method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108594257A (en) * 2018-07-02 2018-09-28 北方民族大学 Tachogenerator and its scaling method based on Doppler effect and measurement method
CN108594257B (en) * 2018-07-02 2024-04-02 哈工科讯(沈阳)工业技术研究院有限公司 Speed measuring sensor based on Doppler effect and calibration method and measuring method thereof
CN110470863A (en) * 2019-09-03 2019-11-19 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 A kind of speed measuring device calibration system and scaling method
CN110470863B (en) * 2019-09-03 2021-05-25 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 Speed measuring device calibration system and calibration method

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